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Kumar Bambam A, Dhanola A, Kumar Gajrani K. A critical review on halogen-free ionic liquids as potential metalworking fluid additives. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Grassiri B, Mezzetta A, Maisetta G, Migone C, Fabiano A, Esin S, Guazzelli L, Zambito Y, Batoni G, Piras AM. Betaine- and L-Carnitine-Based Ionic Liquids as Solubilising and Stabilising Agents for the Formulation of Antimicrobial Eye Drops Containing Diacerein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032714. [PMID: 36769037 PMCID: PMC9916883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of topically administered drugs, however powerful, is largely affected by their bioavailability and, thus, ultimately, on their aqueous solubility and stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as functional excipients to solubilise, stabilise, and prolong the ocular residence time of diacerein (DIA) in eye drop formulations. DIA is a poorly soluble and unstable anthraquinone prodrug, rapidly hydrolysed to rhein (Rhe), for the treatment of osteoarthritis. DIA has recently been evaluated as an antimicrobial agent for bacterial keratitis. Two ILs based on natural zwitterionic compounds were investigated: L-carnitine C6 alkyl ester bromide (Carn6), and betaine C6 alkyl ester bromide (Bet6). The stabilising, solubilising, and mucoadhesive properties of ILs were investigated, as well as their cytotoxicity to the murine fibroblast BALB/3T3 clone A31 cell line. Two IL-DIA-based eye drop formulations were prepared, and their efficacy against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined. Finally, the eye drops were administered in vivo on New Zealand albino rabbits, testing their tolerability as well as their elimination and degradation kinetics. Both Bet6 and Carn6 have good potential as functional excipients, showing solubilising, stabilising, mucoadhesive, and antimicrobial properties; their in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo ocular tolerability pave the way for their future use in ophthalmic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantionio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Migone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Munavirov B, Black JJ, Shah FU, Leckner J, Rutland MW, Harper JB, Glavatskih S. The effect of anion architecture on the lubrication chemistry of phosphonium orthoborate ionic liquids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24021. [PMID: 34912003 PMCID: PMC8674318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonium ionic liquids with orthoborate anions have been studied in terms of their interfacial film formation, both physisorbed and sacrificial from chemical breakdown, in sheared contacts of varying harshness. The halogen-free anion architecture was varied through (i) the heteronuclear ring size, (ii) the hybridisation of the constituent atoms, and (iii) the addition of aryl functionalities. Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed the extent of sacrificial tribofilm formation allowing the relative stability of the ionic liquids under tribological conditions to be determined and their breakdown mechanisms to be compared to simple thermal decomposition. Overall, ionic liquids outperformed reference oils as lubricants; in some cases, sacrificial films were formed (with anion breakdown a necessary precursor to phosphonium cation decomposition) while in other cases, a protective, self-assembly lubricant layer or hybrid film was formed. The salicylate-based anion was the most chemically stable and decomposed only slightly even under the harshest conditions. It was further found that surface topography influenced the degree of breakdown through enhanced material transport and replenishment. This work thus unveils the relationship between ionic liquid composition and structure, and the ensuing inter- and intra-molecular interactions and chemical stability, and demonstrates the intrinsic tuneability of an ionic liquid lubrication technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat Munavirov
- System and Component Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey J Black
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97 187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Johan Leckner
- Axel Christiernsson International AB, 44911, Nol, Sweden
| | - Mark W Rutland
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Surfaces, Processes and Formulation, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jason B Harper
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Sergei Glavatskih
- System and Component Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Aminoguanidine-based deep eutectic solvents as environmentally-friendly and high-performance lubricant additives. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Thermal Stability of Ionic Liquids: Current Status and Prospects for Future Development. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are the safest solvent in various high-temperature applications due to their non-flammable properties. In order to obtain their thermal stability properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is extensively used to analyze the kinetics of the thermal decomposition process. This review summarizes the different kinetics analysis methods and finds the isoconversional methods are superior to the Arrhenius methods in calculating the activation energy, and two tools—the compensation effect and master plots—are suggested for the calculation of the pre-exponential factor. With both parameters, the maximum operating temperature (MOT) can be calculated to predict the thermal stability in long-term runnings. The collection of thermal stability data of ILs with divergent cations and anions shows the structure of cations such as alkyl side chains, functional groups, and alkyl substituents will affect the thermal stability, but their influence is less than that of anions. To develop ILs with superior thermal stability, dicationic ILs (DILs) are recommended, and typically, [C4(MIM)2][NTf2]2 has a decomposition temperature as high as 468.1 °C. For the convenience of application, thermal stability on the decomposition temperature and thermal decomposition activation energy of 130 ILs are summarized at the end of this manuscript.
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Khan IA, Gnezdilov OI, Wang YL, Filippov A, Shah FU. Effect of Aromaticity in Anion on the Cation-Anion Interactions and Ionic Mobility in Fluorine-Free Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11962-11973. [PMID: 33347763 PMCID: PMC7872428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Ionic liquids (ILs) composed of tetra(n-butyl)phosphonium
[P4444]+ and tetra(n-butyl)ammonium
[N4444]+ cations paired with 2-furoate [FuA]−, tetrahydo-2-furoate [HFuA]−, and
thiophene-2-carboxylate [TpA]− anions are prepared
to investigate the effects of electron delocalization in anion and
the mutual interactions between cations and anions on their physical
and electrochemical properties. The [P4444]+ cations-based ILs are found to be liquids, while the [N4444]+ cations-based ILs are semi-solids at room temperature.
Thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher decomposition temperatures
and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed lower glass
transition temperatures for phosphonium-based ILs than the ammonium-based
counterparts. The ILs are arranged in the decreasing order of their
ionic conductivities as [P4444][HFuA] (0.069 mS cm–1) > [P4444][FuA] (0.032 mS cm–1) > [P4444][TpA] (0.028 mS cm–1)
at
20 °C. The oxidative limit of the ILs followed the sequence of
[FuA]−> [TpA]−> [HFuA]−, as measured by linear sweep voltammetry. This order
can be attributed
to the electrons’ delocalization in [FuA]− and in [TpA]− aromatic anions, which has enhanced
the oxidative limit potentials and the overall electrochemical stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ali Khan
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Oleg I Gnezdilov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei Filippov
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.,Medical and Biological Physics, Kazan Medical University, 420012, Kazan, Russia
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
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