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Manai-Djebali H, Taamalli A, Iswaldi I, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Marouani A, Mliki A, Martínez-Cañas MA, Ghorbel A. Chemometric analysis of Tunisian durum wheat metabolites using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37183914 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in wheat have received a great interest in the last few years due to their nutritional and health benefits. Various analytical procedures were used to identify these compounds in wheat kernels. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) was used for the screening of bioactive compounds in seven Tunisian durum wheat extracts. The aim of this study was to realize a screening of several classes of bioactive compounds in the same analysis and to identify specific metabolite markers for discriminating the durum wheat varieties. The UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS allows the detection of 81 metabolites, belonging to different chemical families such as sugars, organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds represented by benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives, phenolic alcohols, flavones, lignans, and condensed tannins. Chemical profiles identified varied greatly between different wheat genotypes. As far as the authors know, this is the first time that different chemical classes were detected at the same time in durum wheat kernels using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. This study gives the most complete map of metabolites in Tunisian durum wheat and proves that UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with chemometric analysis is a great tool for discrimination between durum wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hédia Manai-Djebali
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, LR15CBBC05, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Amani Taamalli
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, LR15CBBC05, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihsan Iswaldi
- Food Business Technology Study Program, School of Applied Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo del Alimento Funcional, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo del Alimento Funcional, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Ahmed Marouani
- Higher School of Agriculture, Route de Dahmeni - Boulifa, EL Kef, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mliki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Manuel A Martínez-Cañas
- Tecnological AgriFood Institute, Centre for Scientific Research and Technology in Extremadura, Government of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Abdelwahed Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Cytotoxic and chemomodulatory effects of Phyllanthus niruri in MCF-7 and MCF-7 ADR breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2683. [PMID: 36792619 PMCID: PMC9932073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the genus Phyllanthus have long been used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. They exhibited antiproliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines. Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer death among women. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer agent used to treat breast cancer despite its significant cardiotoxicity along with resistance development. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the potential cytotoxicity of P. niruri extracts (and fractions) alone and in combination with DOX against naïve (MCF-7) and doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7ADR). The methylene chloride fraction (CH2Cl2) showed the most cytotoxic activity among all tested fractions. Interestingly, the CH2Cl2-fraction was more cytotoxic against MCF-7ADR than MCF-7 at 100 µg/mL. At sub-cytotoxic concentrations, this fraction enhanced the cytotoxic effect of DOX against the both cell lines under investigation (IC50 values of 0.054 µg/mL and 0.14 µg/mL vs. 0.2 µg/mL for DOX alone against MCF-7) and (1.2 µg/mL and 0.23 µg/mL vs. 9.9 µg/mL for DOX alone against MCF-7ADR), respectively. Further, TLC fractionation showed that B2 subfraction in equitoxic combination with DOX exerted a powerful synergism (IC50 values of 0.03 µg/mL vs. 9.9 µg/mL for DOX alone) within MCF-7ADR. Untargeted metabolite profiling of the crude methanolic extract (MeOH) and CH2Cl2 fraction exhibiting potential cytotoxicity was conducted using liquid chromatography diode array detector-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-QTOF). Further studies are needed to separate the active compounds from the CH2Cl2 fraction and elucidate their mechanism(s) of action.
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Olmedo-Juárez A, Jimenez-Chino AL, Bugarin A, Zamilpa A, Gives PMD, Villa-Mancera A, López-Arellano ME, Olivares-Pérez J, Delgado-Núñez EJ, González-Cortazar M. Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from Pithecellobium dulce (Robx.) Benth Leaves Exhibit Ovicidal Activity against Haemonchus contortus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192555. [PMID: 36235423 PMCID: PMC9573131 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pithecellobium dulce (Robx.) Benth is an arboreal legume used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments, including a number of intestinal disorders, and as a natural deworming. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ovicidal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract (HA-E) and its fractions (aqueous, Aq-F and organic, EtOAc-F) from P. dulce leaves, as well as subfractions (C1F1–C17) obtained from EtOAc-F against Haemonchus contortus eggs. The HA-E, Aq-F, and EtOAc-F were assessed at 0.03–5.00 mg/mL and subfractions (C1F1–C17) were assessed at 0.06–1.00 mg/mL. The HA-E and Aq-F showed an ovicidal activity close to 100% at 2.5 mg/mL, and EtOAc-F displayed the highest anthelmintic effect (100% at 0.25 mg/mL). Meanwhile, the sub-fractions with the highest ovicidal effect were C1F6, C1F9, C1F10, C1F11, and CIF13. The main compounds identified in the most active fractions (C1F9, C1F11, and C1F13) were kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), coumaric acid (3), ferulic acid (4), luteolin 7-O-rhamnoside (5), quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (6), and a caffeoyl derivate (NI). The results indicate that P. dulce leaves exhibit a potent anthelmintic activity and contain bioactive compounds able to inhibit egg hatching in H. contortus. Therefore, this plant could be used for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Jimenez-Chino
- Biotechnology Engineering, Polytechnic University of the State of Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac #566, Col. Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- South Biomedical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec CP 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Abel Villa-Mancera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 4 Sur 304 Col. Centro, Tecamachalco CP 75482, Puebla, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Altamirano, Km 3.0 Altamirano-Iguala Highway, Colonia Querendita, Altamirano CP 40660, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez
- Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Iguala CP 40040, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Manases González-Cortazar
- South Biomedical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec CP 62790, Morelos, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.G.-C.)
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Oliveira M, Lima CS, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Hoste H, Custódio L. Impact of Seasonal and Organ-Related Fluctuations on the Anthelmintic Properties and Chemical Profile of Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl Extracts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:934644. [PMID: 35812938 PMCID: PMC9260656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.934644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of plants and their metabolites stands as a promising option to tackle parasitic infections by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in integrated control strategies. Still, the influence of environmental and phenological factors, and their interactions, in the wild on the metabolomics and biological properties of target plant species, is often disregarded. In this work, we hypothesized that variations in the anthelmintic (AH) properties and chemical composition of extracts from the salt tolerant species Cladium mariscus L. Pohl (sawgrass) may be influenced by seasonal factors and organ-parts. To test this hypothesis, acetone/water extracts were prepared from dried biomass obtained from aerial organs collected from sawgrass in consecutive seasons and tested against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis by the larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) and egg hatching inhibition assay (EHIA). To ascertain the role of plant organ, the activity of leaves and inflorescences extracts from summer samples was compared. The role of polyphenols in the anthelmintic activity depending on GINs and fluctuations across seasons and plant organs was assessed using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), coupled with an in-depth chemical profiling analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography completed with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn). Main differences in anthelmintic activities were observed for summer and autumn samples, for both assays. Moreover, inflorescences' extracts were significantly more active than those from leaves against both parasite species on EHIA and against H. contortus on LEIA. Application of PVPP totally inhibit the AH effects based on EHIA and only partly for LEIA. Non-treated PVPP extracts were predominantly composed of flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, luteolin and glycosylated flavonoids, while two flavonoid glycosides were quantified in all PVPP-treated samples. Thus, the activity of such compounds should be further explored, although some unknown metabolites remain to be identified. This study reinforces the hypothesis of the AH potential of sawgrass and of its polyphenolic metabolites uses as nutraceutical and/or phytotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oliveira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Caroline Sprengel Lima
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Hervé Hoste
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Fish Food Production Using Agro-Industrial Waste Enhanced with Spirulina sp. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The supply of animal feed is one of the main concerns of producers in the aquaculture industry, including aspects such as the cost of fish flour and its nutritional balance. The aim of this study was the preparation of a pellet-type fish food using powdered Spirulina sp. cultivated as a protein source supplemented with agro-industrial waste, and its evaluation to comply with the necessary parameters for the elaboration of extruded pellets. Spirulina sp. was cultivated in a photobioreactor at a volume of 50 L, separated by decantation and dried. The proximal characterization was 6.79% ± 0.05 moisture, 6.93% ± 0.01 ash, 66.88% ± 0.33 protein, and 5.50% ± 0.26 fat. Subsequently, flours were prepared using cassava leaves, gliricidia leaves, and rice husks. The results for the cohesion showed that the flours obtained to comply with the necessary parameters for the elaboration of extruded food. The fish feed was prepared in pellet form using the formulation for fattening Tilapia: Spirulina sp. (20%), cassava leaf flour (50%), gliricidia leaf flour (20%) and flour of rice husk (10%). Floatation analysis showed that 60% of the pellets floated for more than 40 min, and 80% retained their shape for 4 h. The results show that the obtained product can be used as fish feed, due to the lowest disintegration, together with its great capacity for water absorption and especially, its greater flotage due to the expansion effect, are physic characteristic determinants so that the fish has more time to consume extruded diets and avoid losses.
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Aulanni’am A, Raissa R, Riawan W, Wuragil DK, Permata FS, Beltran MAG. Epidermal Stem Cell in Wound Healing of Gliricidia sepium Leaves from Indonesia and the Philippines in Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study intended to investigate the regenerate wound, due to the ointment therapy containing Gliricidia sepium leaves that has potential-induced epidermal stem cells producing. It determined its effect on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad-3, β-catenin, LGR-6.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months (150–200g) were used and were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines). The treatment of ointment was applied to the wound for 3 days. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 was observed by immunohistochemistry staining.
RESULTS: G. sepium leaves significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves were higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leaves from the Philippines.
CONCLUSIONS: Both leaves Varian contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which act as producing epidermal stem cell agents to enhance the wound healing process. It can be concluded that both Gl. sepium Varian Indonesia and the Philippines have a potential effect on wound healing.
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Widaad A, Zulkipli IN, Petalcorin MIR. Anthelmintic Effect of Leucaena leucocephala Extract and Its Active Compound, Mimosine, on Vital Behavioral Activities in Caenorhabditis elegans. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061875. [PMID: 35335240 PMCID: PMC8950933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections continue to be a neglected global threat in tropical regions, and there have been growing cases of anthelmintic resistance reported towards the existing anthelmintic drugs. Thus, the search for a novel anthelmintic agent has been increasing, especially those derived from plants. Leucaena leucocephala (LL) is a leguminous plant that is known to have several pharmacological activities, including anthelmintic activity. It is widely known to contain a toxic compound called mimosine, which we believed could be a potential lead candidate that could exert a potent anthelmintic effect. Hence, this study aimed to validate the presence of mimosine in LL extract and to investigate the anthelmintic effect of LL extract and mimosine on head thrashing, egg-laying, and pharyngeal pumping activities using the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Mimosine content in LL extract was confirmed through an HPLC analysis of spiking LL extract with different mimosine concentrations, whereby an increasing trend in peak heights was observed at a retention time of 0.9 min. LL extract and mimosine caused a significant dose-dependent increase in the percentage of worm mortality, which produced LC50s of 73 mg/mL and 6.39 mg/mL, respectively. Exposure of C. elegans to different concentrations of LL extract and mimosine significantly decreased the head thrashing, egg-laying, and mean pump amplitude of pharyngeal pumping activity. We speculated that these behavioral changes are due to the inhibitory effect of LL extract and mimosine on an L-type calcium channel called EGL-19. Our findings provide evidential support for the potential of LL extract and its active compound, mimosine, as novel anthelmintic candidates. However, the underlying mechanism of the anthelmintic action has yet to be elucidated.
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Higuera-Piedrahita RI, Dolores-Hernández M, de la-Cruz-Cruz HA, Andrade-Montemayor HM, Zamilpa A, López-Arellano R, González-Garduño R, Cuéllar-Ordaz JA, Mendoza-de-Gives P, López-Arellano ME. An Artemisia cina n-hexane extract reduces the Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta fecal egg count in naturally infected periparturient goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:95. [PMID: 35138496 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate an n-hexane extract of Artemisia cina (Acn-h) as a natural anthelmintic treatment for periparturient goats naturally infected with the nematodes Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta. A total of 200 periparturient Alpine and Nubian goats were used. Deworming criteria were based on the following parameters: fecal egg account (epg), ocular mucosa color (OMC), and body condition (BC). A previous analysis using coprocultures of the flock revealed the presence of H. contortus (80%) and T. circumcincta (20%). The Acn-h contained two new compounds identified by mass spectrometry data as isoguaiacin and norisoguaiacin at 284.14 and 315 m/z. The lethal effects of Acn-h at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL on H. contortus adult stages were 31.6, 66.5, 81.3, and 86.9%, respectively (p < 0.05), showing similar efficacy at 2 and 4 mg/mL with albendazole (positive control group). Then, two experimental groups, with 100 goats in peripartum in each, were distributed randomly and treated at day 0 as follows: group 1 = 4 mg/kg of Acn-h as single oral dose, and group 2 = control group, treated with water (as a placebo). The epg, OMC, and BC parameters were recorded at 0 (periparturient period), 7 (birth period), and 23 (postpartum) days and analyzed using a completely randomized design with Duncan's test for comparison of means and analysis of variance. The following epg reductions were recorded in the Acn-h-treated group as follows: 20.1 ± 34.4 and 31.7 ± 38.2% at days 7 and 23 compared to the control group. During the whole experiment, no significant differences in OMC or BC were observed in relation to the control group, excepting at day 23 (p < 0.05) for BC in the group treated with A. cina. Thus, Acn-h can be a useful natural alternative tool for the control of the nematodes H. contortus and T. circumcincta in periparturient goat flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714, Cuautitlán, México
| | - Mariana Dolores-Hernández
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714, Cuautitlán, México
| | - Héctor Alejandro de la-Cruz-Cruz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714, Cuautitlán, México
| | - Héctor Mario Andrade-Montemayor
- Granja La Negrita y Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina #1, Col. Centro, C.P. 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714, Cuautitlán, México
| | - Roberto González-Garduño
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste, Km 7.5 Carretera Teapa-Vicente Guerrero, C.P. 86800, Teapa, Tabasco, México
| | - Jorge Alfredo Cuéllar-Ordaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714, Cuautitlán, México
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal E Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas Y Pecuarias, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla 8534 Col. Progreso, C.P. 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - Ma Eugenia López-Arellano
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal E Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas Y Pecuarias, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla 8534 Col. Progreso, C.P. 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, México.
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LC-QTOF-MS Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Toxicity of Medicinal Plants from the Tri-Than-Thip Remedy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4477003. [PMID: 35140798 PMCID: PMC8820851 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4477003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The world population has exhibited increased trust in folk medicine, including Thai folk medicine, for the treatment of various illnesses. However, the comparative antioxidant and cytoprotective activities against oxidative damage of Tri-Than-Thip (Tri-TT), a Thai folk remedy, have not been reported. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of Tri-TT and its herbal constituents, Cassia fistula, Pithecellobium dulce, and Ficus benjamina. Methods Extracts were obtained from Tri-TT and its herbal constituents. The free radical scavenging activities, cytotoxicity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating activities, total phenolic compound (TPC) contents, and total flavonoid (TF) contents of Tri-TT extract were investigated, and qualitative analysis of the chemical composition of Tri-TT extract was performed by LC-QTOF-MS. Results Tri-TT extract exhibited remarkable scavenging activities toward DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radicals, with IC50 values of 0.081 ± 0.00, 0.021 ± 0.00, and 0.205 ± 0.057 mg/mL, respectively. The oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and FRAP values of Tri-TT were 6.499 ± 0.67 μM TE/g extract and 1,919.71 ± 63.14 mM FeSO4/mg sample, respectively. P. dulce had the highest scavenging activities and antioxidant capacity followed by C. fistula and F. benjamina. The TPC and TF content of Tri-TT extract were 287.87 mg equivalence/g extract and 225.62 mg catechin equivalent/g extract, respectively. The highest TPC was obtained from P. dulce, and TF content was observed in C. fistula. Using LC-QTOF-MS, a total of 25 compounds were tentatively identified in Tri-TT, including polyphenols such as luteolin, gallic acid, baicalein, apigenin, epicatechin, and ellagic acid. In addition, Tri-TT extract demonstrated nontoxicity (cell viability >90%) to Vero cells at the highest tested concentration of 80 μg/mL. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the Tri-TT remedy is a promising candidate as a natural source of antioxidant activity, suggesting that the polyphenol content of plants may contribute to antioxidant activities.
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Licá ICL, Soares AMS, Ferreira ATS, Perales J, Cunha IAL, Souza PFN, Costa-Júnior LM. In vitro assessment of the efficacy of protein exudates from seeds against Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2021; 292:109399. [PMID: 33711619 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes develop resistance to the most common commercially available drugs. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the action of protein exudates from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia mangium, and Stylosanthes capitata seeds on the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. The exuded proteins were precipitated, dialyzed, lyophilized, and assessed for their effect on egg hatching and artificial larval exsheathment inhibition. Proteome analysis of the protein extracts was also performed. Although no egg-hatching inhibition was observed, all exudates showed efficacy in inhibiting the larval exsheathment of H. contortus larvae with an EC50 varying from 0.61 to 0.26 mg P mL-1. Proteomic analysis revealed the presence of proteases, protease inhibitors, chitinases, and lectins among other proteins in the exudates. Most of the exuded proteins belong to the oxidative stress/plant defense and energy/carbohydrate metabolism functional clusters. This study concluded that the bioactive proteins from different classes exuded by seeds of M. caesalpiniifolia, L. leucocephala, A. mangium, and S. capitata show stage-specific inhibition against H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlla Correia Lima Licá
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Martins Santos Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | | | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Livio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Torres-Fajardo RA, González-Pech PG, Sandoval-Castro CA, Torres-Acosta JFDJ. Small Ruminant Production Based on Rangelands to Optimize Animal Nutrition and Health: Building an Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluate Nutraceutical Plants. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1799. [PMID: 33023017 PMCID: PMC7601357 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom can influence the productivity and health of herbivores at different levels. However, demonstrating this process in a scientific manner entails substantial endeavors from different disciplines. In the present review, we will describe the features of a native vegetation system traditionally used by small ruminants and use its particularities to build an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate the nutraceutical properties of plants. Initially, we will establish the context of the low deciduous forest (LDF), considering some botanical and nutritional aspects, as well as the presence of plant secondary compounds (PSC) and gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Furthermore, we will focus on coevolutionary aspects that undoubtedly shaped the plants-nutrients-PSC-GIN-herbivore relationship. In addition, the concept of nutraceutical will be discussed to provide clarity and aspects to be considered for their evaluation. Then, ethological, agronomical, nutritional, PSC, parasitological and animal species issues are deepened placing emphasis on methodological approaches. Special focus is given to condensed tannins, as they are the fourth largest group of PSCs and the most studied in livestock sciences. Validation of the nutraceutical properties of plants from native vegetation systems should be seen as a process derived from many scientific disciplines that feed into each other in a cyclic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (R.A.T.-F.); (P.G.G.-P.); (J.F.d.J.T.-A.)
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