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Cao H, Li Z, Jin T, He S, Liu S, Li L, Wang Y, Gong Y, Wang G, Yang F, Dong W. Maslinic acid supplementation prevents di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced apoptosis via PRDX6 in peritubular myoid cells of Chinese forest musk deer. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 143:47-59. [PMID: 38644023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Chinese forest musk deer (FMD), an endangered species, have exhibited low reproductive rates even in captivity due to stress conditions. Investigation revealed the presence of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, in the serum and skin of captive FMDs. Feeding FMDs with maslinic acid (MA) has been observed to alleviate the stress response and improve reproductive rates, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the alleviation of DEHP-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in primary peritubular myoid cells (PMCs) through MA intake. Primary PMCs were isolated and exposed to DEHP in vitro. The results demonstrated that DEHP significantly suppressed antioxidant levels and promoted cell apoptosis in primary PMCs. Moreover, interfering with the expression of PRDX6 was found to induce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis in primary PMCs. Supplementation with MA significantly upregulated the expression of PRDX6, thereby attenuating DEHP-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in primary PMCs. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for mitigating stress levels and enhancing reproductive capacity of in captive FMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heran Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Qiyuan-Times Agri-Tech Development Co. Ltd., Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Tianqi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin-Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuyang He
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin-Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin-Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin-Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Qiyuan-Times Agri-Tech Development Co. Ltd., Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Ye Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Qiyuan-Times Agri-Tech Development Co. Ltd., Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shaanxi Qiyuan-Times Agri-Tech Development Co. Ltd., Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Fangxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin-Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Biology Research Centre of Qin-Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Grudzińska M, Stachnik B, Galanty A, Sołtys A, Podolak I. Progress in Antimelanoma Research of Natural Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives: Mechanisms of Action, Bioavailability Enhancement and Structure Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:7763. [PMID: 38067491 PMCID: PMC10707933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of skin cancer, characterized by early metastasis and rapid development. In search for effective treatment options, much attention is given to triterpenoids of plant origin, which are considered promising drug candidates due to their well described anticancer properties and relatively low toxicity. This paper comprehensively summarizes the antimelanoma potential of natural triterpenoids, that are also used as scaffolds for the development of more effective derivatives. These include betulin, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, celastrol and lupeol. Some lesser-known triterpenoids that deserve attention in this context are 22β-hydroxytingenone, cucurbitacins, geoditin A and ganoderic acids. Recently described mechanisms of action are presented, together with the results of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as the use of drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical technologies to improve the bioavailability of triterpenoids. This paper also reviews the most promising structural modifications, based on structure-activity observations. In conclusion, triterpenoids of plant origin and some of their semi-synthetic derivatives exert significant cytotoxic, antiproliferative and chemopreventive effects that can be beneficial for melanoma treatment. Recent data indicate that their poor solubility in water, and thus low bioavailability, can be overcome by complexing with cyclodextrins, or the use of nanoparticles and ethosomes, thus making these compounds promising antimelanoma drug candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grudzińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogna Stachnik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Sołtys
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
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Hasan SN, Banerjee J, Patra S, Kar S, Das S, Samanta S, Wanigasekera D, Pavithra U, Wijesekera K, Napagoda M, Giri B, Dash SK, Bag BG. Self-assembled renewable nano-sized pentacyclic triterpenoid maslinic acids in aqueous medium for anti-leukemic, antibacterial and biocompatibility studies: An insight into targeted proteins-compound interactions based mechanistic pathway prediction through molecular docking. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125416. [PMID: 37336373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Maslinic acid is a naturally occurring dihydroxy, mono-carboxy bioactive triterpenoid. Its bulky structure was the main hindrance in the path of biological activity. Sodium and potassium salts of nano-sized triterpenoid maslinic acid were prepared from maslinic acid and its self-assembly property was studied in aqueous and aqueous-organic binary liquid mixtures. Morphology of the compounds studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Optical Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed vesicular morphology of the self-assemblies. Selective cytotoxicity was performed in leukemic (K-562 and KG-1a) and PBMC cells. Among the three self-assemblies (maslinic acid 1, sodium maslinate 2 and potassium maslinate 3), sodium maslinate 2 showed better antileukemic efficacy. Sodium maslinate 2 induced apoptosis in leukemic cells by elevating ROS levels and disrupting the cellular antioxidant system. From the in-silico studies, it was confirmed that 2 interacted with extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic proteins of leukemic cells and killed those cells by inducing apoptotic pathways. The compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed significant antibacterial efficacy against E.coli strain through binding with several periplasmic membrane fusion protein (MFP) and limiting the efflux system leading to arrestation of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Nurul Hasan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumen Patra
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhendu Kar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Das
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sovan Samanta
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Dharani Wanigasekera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka
| | - Upekshi Pavithra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanchana Wijesekera
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80 000, Sri Lanka
| | - Mayuri Napagoda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka
| | - Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India.
| | - Braja Gopal Bag
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India.
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Cheng Y, Xia Q, Lu Z, Luan X, Fan L, Wang Z, Luo D. Maslinic acid attenuates UVB-induced oxidative damage in HFF-1 cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36943873 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage is one of the major mechanisms of ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage to the skin. Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural compound of pentacyclic triterpene acids. It has been proved to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of MA on oxidative damage in human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF-1) and the potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS A specific dose of UVB radiation was used to induce oxidative damage in HFF-1. Based on this, we performed measurements of cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, inflammation-related mediators, and NF-κB nuclear localization with or without the addition of MA. RESULTS MA significantly promoted cell proliferation viability at 10 and 20 μM. The addition of MA 24 h before UVB irradiation was more effective at enhancing cell proliferation and also produced lower ROS levels compared to co-cultured fibroblasts and MA for 24 h after irradiation. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM. The pretreatment group with MA had elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, decreased IL-6 generation, and lowered mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MMP3 in comparison with the UVB-irradiated group without additional MA. Meanwhile, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the degradation of IκB were inhibited by MA pretreatment. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that MA may alleviate UVB-induced oxidative damage in HFF-1 by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qingyue Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhiyu Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xingbao Luan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lipan Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhaopeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Aguilera-Garrido A, Arranz E, Gálvez-Ruiz MJ, Marchal JA, Galisteo-González F, Giblin L. Solid lipid nanoparticles to improve bioaccessibility and permeability of orally administered maslinic acid. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1971-1982. [PMID: 35762633 PMCID: PMC9246121 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a plant-derived, low water-soluble compound with antitumor activity. We have formulated MA in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with three different shell compositions: Poloxamer 407 (PMA), dicarboxylic acid-Poloxamer 407 (PCMA), and HA-coated PCMA (PCMA-HA). These SLNs improved the solubility of MA up to 7.5 mg/mL, are stable in a wide range of pH, and increase the bioaccessibility of MA after in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Gastrointestinal digested SLNs afforded MA delivery across in vitro gut barrier models (21 days old Caco-2 and mucus-producing Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures). The cellular fraction of Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures retained more MA from GI digested PCMA-HA than the Caco-2 monolayers. The concentration of MA reached in the basolateral chamber inhibited growth of pancreatic cancer cells, BxPC3. Finally, confocal microscopy images provided evidence that Nile Red incorporated in MA SLNs was capable of crossing Caco-2 monolayers to be taken up by basolaterally located BxPC3 cells. We have demonstrated that SLNs can be used as nanocarriers of hydrophobic antitumor compounds and that these SLNs are suitable for oral consumption and delivery of the bioactive across the gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixa Aguilera-Garrido
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Arranz
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - María José Gálvez-Ruiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada - University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,BioFab i3D - Biofabrication and 3D (Bio)Printing Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Galisteo-González
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
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Banerjee J, Hasan SN, Samanta S, Giri B, Bag BG, Dash SK. Self-Assembled Maslinic Acid Attenuates Doxorobucin Induced Cytotoxicity via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway: An In Vitro and In Silico Study in Human Healthy Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:563-578. [PMID: 35849306 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The clinical applications of some well-known chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment have been restricted nowadays owing to their adverse effects on many physiological systems. In this experimental study, maslinic acid (MA) isolated from Olea europaea (Olive) fruit extract was used to mitigate the cytotoxicity induced by Doxorubicin (DOX) in human healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Self-assembled maslinic acid (SA-MA) was obtained in ethanol-water mixture (35.5 mM: 4:1 v/v). The morphology of SA-MA was analyzed by various physicochemical characterization techniques, which revealed its micro-metric vesicular architecture as well as nano-vesicular appearances. In this study, treatment of hPBMCs with DOX has been found to generate severe intracellular oxidative stress, which was significantly mitigated after pre-treatment with SA-MA. Alteration of hPBMC morphologies after DOX treatment was also restored notably by pre-treatment with SA-MA. Furthermore, pentoxifylline (TNF-α inhibitor) and indomethacin (COX-2 inhibitor) were used to investigate the responsible pathway by which SA-MA protected hPBMCs from DOX-induced cellular stress. Restoration of hPBMC viability above 92% in both cases confirmed that SA-MA protected the cells by inhibiting inflammatory pathways generated by DOX treatment. Subsequently, in molecular docking study, it was also evaluated that MA could successfully bind with the pocket region of Keap1, while Nrf2 was capable of upregulating cytoprotecting genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, 732103, India
| | - Sk Nurul Hasan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Sovan Samanta
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, 732103, India
| | - Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, 732103, India
| | - Braja Gopal Bag
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, 732103, India.
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Involvement of the PI3K/AKT Intracellular Signaling Pathway in the AntiCancer Activity of Hydroxytyrosol, a Polyphenol from Olea europaea, in Hematological Cells and Implication of HSP60 Levels in Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137053. [PMID: 35806065 PMCID: PMC9266908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main representative of polyphenols of olive oil, has been described as one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, also showing anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and anticancer activity in different type of cancers, but has been little studied in hematological neoplasms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anticancer potential of HT in acute human leukemia T cells (Jurkat and HL60) and the anti-inflammatory potential in murine macrophages (Raw264.7). For this, cytotoxicity tests were performed for HT, showing IC50 values, at 24 h, for Jurkat, HL60 and Raw264.7 cells, of 27.3 µg·mL−1, 109.8 µg·mL−1 and 45.7 µg·mL−1, respectively. At the same time, HT caused cell arrest in G0/G1 phase in both Jurkat and HL60 cells by increasing G0/G1 phase and significantly decreasing S phase. Apoptosis and cell cycle assays revealed an antiproliferative effect of HT, decreasing the percentage of dividing cells and increasing apoptosis. Furthermore, HT inhibited the PI3K signaling pathway and, consequently, the MAPK pathway was activated. Inflammation tests revealed that HT acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, reducing NO levels in Raw264.7 cells previously stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These processes were confirmed by the changes in the expression of the main markers of inflammation and cancer. In conclusion, HT has an anticancer and anti-inflammatory effect in the cell lines studied, which were Raw264.7, Jurkat, and HL60, and could be used as a natural drug in the treatment of liquid cancers, leukemias, myelomas and lymphomas.
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Dumitraș DA, Andrei S. Recent Advances in the Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Activity of Various Plant Extracts and Constituents against Murine Malignant Melanoma. Molecules 2022; 27:2585. [PMID: 35458783 PMCID: PMC9028509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conventional medicine, chemical drug synthesis and pharmaceutical research are advancing at a rapid pace, nature remains a major supplier of biological molecules. Natural bioactive compounds are studied closely especially as an alternative to the limitations of conventional therapy in many diseases, melanoma being one of them. Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive type of cancer, and the current methods of treatment used are cryotherapy, external surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, biological therapy, and targeted drug therapy. Unfortunately, these treatment methods are often inefficient, extremely expensive and cause many side effects, which is why focusing on melanoma chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy with natural herbal phytoconstituents is an emerging strategy to prevent, cure or treat melanoma. This review aims to examine the latest discoveries in terms of potential natural bioactive compounds that possess important activity against the development and spread of murine melanoma cancer. In particular, the use of different phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, essential oils and carotenoids in vitro and in vivo models will be discussed. These data are helpful in guiding researchers in the direction of studying phytonutrients with important effects in the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanda Andrei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăştur no. 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Sun W, Choi HS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Maslinic Acid Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis Through Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807452. [PMID: 35496304 PMCID: PMC9039024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis are the major contributors to the mechanisms of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Maslinic acid (MA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid mostly found in dietary plants, the current study was to demonstrate the renoprotective effect of MA on IRI-induced AKI, and to investigate the role of inflammation and apoptosis-related signaling pathways as a molecular mechanism. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to IRI for 72 h, and MA was daily administered by intraperitoneal injection during this period. In parallel, rat renal proximal tubule cells (NRK52E) were prophylactically treated with MA and then exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). MA treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TGF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1). Also, MA reduced the expression of Bax/Bcl2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3. In NRK52 cells, MA inhibited the IκBα degradation, blocked NF-κB/p65 phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation. The phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 was attenuated by MA in IRI-induced kidney injury and H2O2-stimulated NRK52 cells. The expression levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were upregulated in H2O2-stimulated NRK52E cells, which was attenuated by NF-κB inhibitor. H2O2 treatment increased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 in NRK52E cells, which was counteracted by MAPK inhibitors. Together, our data demonstrate that MA suppresses IR-induced AKI injury through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and that MA is a promising agent in the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Rufino-Palomares EE, Pérez-Jiménez A, García-Salguero L, Mokhtari K, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Peragón-Sánchez J, Lupiáñez JA. Nutraceutical Role of Polyphenols and Triterpenes Present in the Extracts of Fruits and Leaves of Olea europaea as Antioxidants, Anti-Infectives and Anticancer Agents on Healthy Growth. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072341. [PMID: 35408740 PMCID: PMC9000726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a worldwide consensus and recognition of the undoubted health benefits of the so-called Mediterranean diet, with its intake being associated with a lower risk of mortality. The most important characteristics of this type of diet are based on the consumption of significant amounts of fruit, vegetables, legumes, and nuts, which provide, in addition to some active ingredients, fiber and a proportion of vegetable protein, together with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as the main sources of vegetable fat. Fish and meat from poultry and other small farm animals are the main sources of protein. One of the main components, as already mentioned, is EVOO, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and to a lesser extent in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The intake of this type of nutrient also provides an important set of phytochemicals whose health potential is widely spread and agreed upon. These phytochemicals include significant amounts of anthocyanins, stilbenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes of varying complexities. Therefore, the inclusion in the diet of this type of molecules, with a proven healthy effect, provides an unquestionable preventive and/or curative activity on an important group of pathologies related to cardiovascular, infectious, and cancerous diseases, as well as those related to the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this review is therefore to shed light on the nutraceutical role of two of the main phytochemicals present in Olea europaea fruit and leaf extracts, polyphenols, and triterpenes, on healthy animal growth. Their immunomodulatory, anti-infective, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-carcinogenic capabilities show them to be potential nutraceuticals, providing healthy growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E. Rufino-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (L.G.-S.); (F.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Amalia Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Leticia García-Salguero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (L.G.-S.); (F.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Khalida Mokhtari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, Oujda BP 717 60000, Morocco;
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (L.G.-S.); (F.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Juan Peragón-Sánchez
- Department of Experimental Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - José A. Lupiáñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (L.G.-S.); (F.J.R.-Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-243-089; Fax: +34-958-249-945
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11
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Maslinic Acid Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy by Activating Nrf2 and Suppressing NF-κB. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:3044202. [PMID: 35265366 PMCID: PMC8901311 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3044202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the protective effect of maslinic acid (MA) against diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and investigated possible mechanisms of action. DM was introduced by streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg, i.p.). Control and STZ (T1DM) were divided into 2 subgroups, which received either the vehicle or MA (80 mg/kg). Serum, pancreases, and retinas were collected for further use. MA significantly reduced fasting glucose levels in the control and T1DM rats but enhanced fasting insulin levels and partially increased the size of the islets of Langerhans and the number of β-cells in T1DM rats. In addition, MA significantly improved the retina structure by preventing the reduction in the area between the inner and outer limiting membranes (ILM and OLM, respectively) and increasing the number of cells forming the ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL). Associated with these effects, MA significantly reduced the total levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as the nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, mRNA levels of Bax, and protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the retinas of T1DM rats. However, MA significantly lowered levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) but significantly increased the nuclear levels of Nrf2, protein levels of Bcl2, and total levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the retinas of the control and T1DM rats. In conclusion, MA prevents DR by antioxidant potential mediated by the activation of Nrf2.
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Peñas-Fuentes JL, Siles E, Rufino-Palomares EE, Pérez-Jiménez A, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Lupiáñez JA, Fuentes-Almagro C, Peragón-Sánchez J. Effects of Erythrodiol on the Antioxidant Response and Proteome of HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010073. [PMID: 35052578 PMCID: PMC8772852 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrodiol (EO) is a pentacyclic triterpenic alcohol found in olive tree leaves and olive oil, and it has important effects on the health properties and quality of olive oil. In this study, we characterized the cytotoxic effects of EO on human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells by studying changes in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant defense systems, and the proteome. The results reveal that EO markedly decreased HepG2 cell viability without changing ROS levels. The concentrations of glutathione and NADPH were significantly reduced, with selective changes in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Proteomic data reveal that EO led to the complete elimination or decreased abundance of 41 and 3 proteins, respectively, and the abundance of 29 proteins increased. The results of functional enrichment analysis show that important metabolic processes and the nuclear transport of mature mRNA were impaired, whereas AMP biosynthesis and cell cycle G2/M phase transition were induced. The transcription factors and miRNAs involved in this response were also identified. These potent antiproliferative effects make EO a good candidate for the further analysis of its hepatic antitumor effects in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Peñas-Fuentes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.L.P.-F.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Siles
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.L.P.-F.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva E. Rufino-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (F.J.R.-Z.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Amalia Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (F.J.R.-Z.); (J.A.L.)
| | - José A. Lupiáñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (F.J.R.-Z.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Carlos Fuentes-Almagro
- Proteomics Unit, Central Service of Support to Research, University of Córdoba (SCAI), 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Juan Peragón-Sánchez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.L.P.-F.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-953212523; Fax: +34-953211875
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13
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Lupiáñez JA, Rufino-Palomares EE. Phytochemicals: "A Small Defensive Advantage for Plants and Fungi; a Great Remedy for the Health of Mankind". Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206159. [PMID: 34684740 PMCID: PMC8538969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Lupiáñez
- Correspondence: (J.A.L.); (E.E.R.-P.); Tel.: +34-958-243089 (J.A.L.); +34-958-243252 (E.E.R.-P.); Fax: +34-958-249945 (J.A.L. & E.E.R.-P.)
| | - Eva E. Rufino-Palomares
- Correspondence: (J.A.L.); (E.E.R.-P.); Tel.: +34-958-243089 (J.A.L.); +34-958-243252 (E.E.R.-P.); Fax: +34-958-249945 (J.A.L. & E.E.R.-P.)
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14
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Yu L, Xie X, Cao X, Chen J, Chen G, Chen Y, Li G, Qin J, Peng F, Peng C. The Anticancer Potential of Maslinic Acid and Its Derivatives: A Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:3863-3879. [PMID: 34526766 PMCID: PMC8437384 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s326328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still an insurmountable problem for humans and critically attacking human health. In recent years, natural products have gained increasing attention in the field of anti-tumor due to their extensive sources and minimal side effects. Maslinic acid (MA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid mainly derived from the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has been confirmed to possess great anti-cancer effects. This paper reviewed the inhibitory effect of MA and its derivatives on lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, lymphatic, leukemia, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and bladder cancer, among others. MA inhibited the proliferation of various tumor cells and showed lower IC50 values in melanoma 518A2 cells and gastric cancer MKN28 cells compared with other cell lines. A series of semi-synthetic derivatives obtained by modifying MA chemical structure have been shown to have high cytotoxicity to human tumor cell lines, but low cytotoxicity to non-malignant cells, which is conducive to developing its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent. These studies suggest that MA derivatives have broad prospects in the development of antitumor therapeutics in the future and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Are Ancestral Medical Practices the Future Solution to Today's Medical Problems? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154701. [PMID: 34361852 PMCID: PMC8348408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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