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Jung J, Park J, Lee M, Kim J, Oh D, Jun W, Kim OK, Lee J. Salacia reticulata Extract Suppresses Fat Accumulation by Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Foods 2023; 12:3149. [PMID: 37685080 PMCID: PMC10487061 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive storage of triglycerides in adipose tissue is a characteristic feature of obesity, which arises from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential anti-obesity effects of Salacia reticulata extracts (SC) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced in obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with a specific focus on understanding the underlying lipid mechanisms. Mice were fed with a normal diet (NC; normal control), HFD (60% high-fat diet), Met (HFD containing metformin 250 mg/kg b.w.), SC25 (HFD containing SC 25 mg/kg b.w.), SC50 (HFD containing SC 50 mg/kg b.w.), or SC 100 (HFD containing SC 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 12 weeks. Notably, SC supplementation led to significant reductions in body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, SC supplementation exerted inhibitory effects on the adipogenesis and lipogenesis pathways while promoting lipolysis and thermogenesis pathways in the adipose tissues of HFD-fed mice. In vitro experiments using 3T3-L1 cells demonstrated that SC treatment during the differentiation phase suppressed adipogenesis and lipogenesis, whereas SC treatment after differentiation, activated lipolysis and thermogenesis. Collectively, these findings indicate that SC exhibits a direct influence on the lipid metabolism of adipocytes, making it an effective candidate for weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Jung
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (M.L.)
| | - Jeongjin Park
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Minhee Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (M.L.)
| | - Jinhak Kim
- R&D Division, Daehan Chemtech Co., Ltd., Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (D.O.)
| | - Dongchan Oh
- R&D Division, Daehan Chemtech Co., Ltd., Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (D.O.)
| | - Woojin Jun
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (M.L.)
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Roh YJ, Lee SJ, Kim JE, Jin YJ, Seol A, Song HJ, Park J, Park SH, Douangdeuane B, Souliya O, Choi SI, Hwang DY. Dipterocarpus tuberculatus as a promising anti-obesity treatment in Lep knockout mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1167285. [PMID: 37334306 PMCID: PMC10273273 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1167285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus (D. tuberculatus) extracts have been examined concerning inflammation, photoaging, and gastritis; however, their effect on obesity is still being investigated. Methods We administered a methanol extract of D. tuberculatus (MED) orally to Lep knockout (KO) mice for 4 weeks to investigate the therapeutic effects on obesity, weight gain, fat accumulation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and β-oxidation. Results In Lep KO mice, MED significantly reduced weight gains, food intake, and total cholesterol and glyceride levels. Similar reductions in fat weights and adipocyte sizes were also observed. Furthermore, MED treatment reduced liver weight, lipid droplet numbers, the expressions of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes, and the expressions of lipolysis regulators in liver tissues. Moreover, the iNOS-mediated COX-2 induction pathway, the inflammasome pathway, and inflammatory cytokine levels were reduced, but β-oxidation was increased, in the livers of MED-treated Lep KO mice. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that MED ameliorates obesity and has considerable potential as an anti-obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumin Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hae Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Onevilay Souliya
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Sun Il Choi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Longevity Wellbeing Research Center/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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He FQ, Wan GZ, Chen J. Pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors screening from Schisandra chinensis based on spectrum-effect relationship and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4198-4208. [PMID: 36189874 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Schisandra chinensis has a potential weight-loss effect by delaying carbohydrate absorption and improving lipid metabolic disorders. However, its active components are still unclear and require in-depth research. In this study, the active components of Schisandra chinensis responsible for pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity were screened and identified based on a spectrum-effect relationship study in combination with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints of 17 batches of Schisandra chinensis were established, and 14 common peaks were specified by similarity analysis. The half-maximal inhibition concentration values for pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition were separately measured by enzymatic reactions. Using multivariate statistical methods including principal component analysis, partial least square analysis, and grey relational analysis, the correlation models between the peak areas of 14 common peaks and half-maximal inhibition concentration values were constructed, and the chromatographic peaks making a great contribution to efficacy were screened out. Peak1, Peak2, Peak4, Peak6, Peak9, Peak10, Peak11, and Peak13 were responsible for alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while Peak1, Peak4, Peak6, Peak9, Peak10, and Peak11 for pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Finally, the 70% ethanol extracts of Schisandra chinensis were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and 14 lignans were identified to further elucidate the active constituents of Schisandra chinensis. The positive results suggested the proposed strategy is simple and effective to screen active components from complex medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qin He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Zhen Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Floresta G, Patamia V, Zagni C, Rescifina A. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors. An update from 2017 to early 2022. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114604. [PMID: 35849941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a protein predominantly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue, where it regulates fatty acids storage and lipolysis and is an essential mediator of inflammation. Small molecule inhibitors of FABP4 have attracted interest following the recent publications of beneficial pharmacological effects of these compounds for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and, more recently, for other pathologies. Since the synthesis of the BMS309403, one of the first selective and effective FABP4 inhibitors, hundreds of other inhibitors have been synthesized (i.e., derivatives of niacin, quinoxaline, aryl-quinoline, bicyclic pyridine, urea, aromatic compounds and other novel heterocyclic compounds). This review updates the recently reported (2017 to early 2022) molecules as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Characterization of Plocamium telfairiae Extract-Functionalized Au Nanostructures and Their Anti-Adipogenic Activity through PLD1. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070421. [PMID: 35877714 PMCID: PMC9320883 DOI: 10.3390/md20070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, Au nanostructure (AuNS) biosynthesis was mediated through ethanolic extract of Plocamium telfairiae (PT) without the use of stabilizers or surfactants. PT-functionalized AuNSs (PT-AuNSs) were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Stable monodisperse PT-AuNSs were synthesized, with a mean size of 15.36 ± 0.10 nm and zeta potential of −35.85 ± 1.36 mV. Moreover, biosynthetic AuNPs with a face-centered structure of PT-AuNS exhibited crystalline characteristics. In addition, many functional groups playing important roles in the biological reduction of PT extracts were adsorbed on the surface of PT-AuNSs. Furthermore, the effects of PT-AuNSs on adipogenesis in immature adipocytes were investigated. PT-AuNSs reduced morphological changes, lowered triglyceride content, and increased lipid accumulation by approximately 78.6% in immature adipocytes compared with the values in mature adipocytes (MDI-induced). PT-AuNS suppressed lipid accumulation by downregulating the transcript and protein expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP 1, FAS, and aP2. Finally, PT-AuNS induced the transcript and protein expression of UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC1a, thereby increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in mature adipocytes and effectively inducing brown adipogenesis. In this study, the biosynthesized PT-AuNS was used as a potential therapeutic candidate because it conferred a potent anti-lipogenic effect. As a result, it can be used in various scientific fields such as medicine and the environment.
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Lee JE, Choi YW, Im DS. Inhibitory effect of α-cubebenoate on atopic dermatitis-like symptoms by regulating Th2/Th1/Th17 balance in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115162. [PMID: 35278605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bakumijiogan (Kampo herbal formulation) and Kangqian decoction (Chinese herbal medicine formulation) have been used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) like symptoms. Schisandra chinensis Baill (Family: Magnoliaceae) is a component of both formulations. Its extracts showed inhibition of AD. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to elucidate an active phytochemical from Schisandra chinensis and evaluated its effects on AD-like symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We fractionated a component from Schisandra chinensis by chasing inhibitory activity on mast cell degranulation. We identified α-cubebenoate as an active phytochemical and investigated its effects by using an in vivo 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB)-induced AD model in BALB/c mice. RESULTS α-Cubebenoate significantly decreased CDNB-induced skin hypertrophy and accumulation of mast cells in the epidermis and dermis. Increases in pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokine levels in the skin, lymph node size, and immunoglobulin E levels in the serum were significantly ameliorated by α-cubebenoate. CONCLUSION α-Cubebenoate regulates dermal immune responses by suppressing the Th2/Th17/Th1 immune balances, resulting in amelioration of AD-like symptoms and suppression of immune response in lymph nodes. Thereby, this study provides evidence for its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, And Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, And Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from Schisandra chinensis in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030737. [PMID: 35164001 PMCID: PMC8839175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Cubebenoate derived from Schisandra chinensis has been reported to possess anti-allergic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects and to exhibit anti-septic activity, but its anti-cancer effects have not been investigated. To examine the anti-cancer activity of α-cubebenoate, we investigated its effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of CT26 cells. The viabilities of CT26 cells (a murine colorectal carcinoma cell line) and HCT116 cells (a human colon cancer cell line) were remarkably and dose-dependently diminished by α-cubebenoate, whereas the viability of CCD-18Co cells (a normal human fibroblast cell line) were unaffected. Furthermore, α-cubebenoate treatment increased the number of apoptotic CT26 cells as compared with Vehicle-treated cells and increased Bax, Bcl-2, Cas-3, and Cleaved Cas-3 protein levels by activating the MAP kinase signaling pathway. α-Cubebenoate also suppressed CT26 migration by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, similar reductions were observed in the expression levels of some migration-related proteins including VEGFA, MMP2, and MMP9. Furthermore, reduced VEGFA expression was found to be accompanied by the phosphorylations of FAK and MLC in the downstream signaling pathway of adhesion protein. The results of the present study provide novel evidence that α-cubebenoate can stimulate apoptosis and inhibit metastasis by regulating the MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and FAK/MLC signaling pathways.
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Yang XD, Ge XC, Jiang SY, Yang YY. Potential lipolytic regulators derived from natural products as effective approaches to treat obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000739. [PMID: 36176469 PMCID: PMC9513423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemic obesity is contributing to increases in the prevalence of obesity-related metabolic diseases and has, therefore, become an important public health problem. Adipose tissue is a vital energy storage organ that regulates whole-body energy metabolism. Triglyceride degradation in adipocytes is called lipolysis. It is closely tied to obesity and the metabolic disorders associated with it. Various natural products such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids regulate lipolysis and can promote weight loss or improve obesity-related metabolic conditions. It is important to identify the specific secondary metabolites that are most effective at reducing weight and the health risks associated with obesity and lipolysis regulation. The aims of this review were to identify, categorize, and clarify the modes of action of a wide diversity of plant secondary metabolites that have demonstrated prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against obesity by regulating lipolysis. The present review explores the regulatory mechanisms of lipolysis and summarizes the effects and modes of action of various natural products on this process. We propose that the discovery and development of natural product-based lipolysis regulators could diminish the risks associated with obesity and certain metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ding Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing-Cheng Ge
- Xiangxing College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Si-Yi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Yueyang Vocational Technical College, YueYang, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Yu Yang,
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Xie J, Liu H, Wandi Y, Ge S, Jin Z, Zheng M, Dan C, Liu M, Liu J. Zeaxanthin Remodels Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets via β3-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling and Enhances Perilipin 5-Mediated Lipid Droplet–Mitochondria Interactions in Adipocytes. Food Funct 2022; 13:8892-8906. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs), which are remarkably dynamic, neutral lipid storage organelles, play fundamental roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Both the dynamic remodeling of LDs and LD–mitochondria interactions...
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Anti-Obesity Effect of α-Cubebenol Isolated from Schisandra chinensis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111650. [PMID: 34827648 PMCID: PMC8615670 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of α-cubebenol isolated from Schisandra chinensis has been studied in several diseases, including cecal ligation, puncture challenge-induced sepsis, and degranulation of neutrophils. To identify the novel functions of α-cubebenol on lipid metabolism, alterations on the regulation of lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammatory response were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenol. Most lipogenic targets, including lipid accumulation, level of lipogenic transcription factors, and expression of lipogenic regulators, were suppressed in MDI (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenol without significant cytotoxicity. In addition, similar inhibition effects were observed in the iNOS-induced COX-2 mediated pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway of MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells treated with α-cubebenol. Lipolytic targets, such as cAMP concentration, expression of adenylyl cyclase and PDE4, and their downstream signaling pathway, in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells were stimulated by the α-cubebenol treatment. The levels of transcription factors and related proteins for β-oxidation were significantly higher in the MDI + α-cubebenol treated group than in the MDI + Vehicle treated group. These results show that α-cubebenol has a novel role as a lipogenesis inhibitor, lipolysis and β-oxidation stimulator, and inflammasome suppressor in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Cheng C, Yu X. Research Progress in Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treatment of Sepsis: Pharmacological Action, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacokinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11078. [PMID: 34681737 PMCID: PMC8540716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection; the pathophysiology of sepsis is complex. The incidence of sepsis is steadily increasing, with worldwide mortality ranging between 30% and 50%. Current treatment approaches mainly rely on the timely and appropriate administration of antimicrobials and supportive therapies, but the search for pharmacotherapies modulating the host response has been unsuccessful. Chinese herbal medicines, i.e., Chinese patent medicines, Chinese herbal prescriptions, and single Chinese herbs, play an important role in the treatment of sepsis through multicomponent, multipathway, and multitargeting abilities and have been officially recommended for the management of COVID-19. Chinese herbal medicines have therapeutic actions promising for the treatment of sepsis; basic scientific research on these medicines is increasing. However, the material bases of most Chinese herbal medicines and their underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current studies of Chinese herbal medicines used for the treatment of sepsis in terms of clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacological activity, phytochemistry, bioactive constituents, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics, to provide an important foundation for clarifying the pathogenesis of sepsis and developing novel antisepsis drugs based on Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China;
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Liu HM, Xu PF, Cheng MY, Lei SN, Liu QL, Wang W. Optimization of Fermentation Process of Pomegranate Peel and Schisandra Chinensis and the Biological Activities of Fermentation Broth: Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effect Against H 2O 2-induced Oxidative Damage in HaCaT Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113432. [PMID: 34198860 PMCID: PMC8201020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the lactobacillus fermentation process of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel and Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (PP&SC) was optimized by using the response surface method (RSM) coupled with a Box-Behnken design. The optimum fermentation condition with the maximal yield of ellagic acid (99.49 ± 0.47 mg/g) was as follows: 1:1 (w:w) ratio of pomegranate peel to Schisandra chinensis, 1% (v:v) of strains with a 1:1 (v:v) ratio of Lactobacillus Plantarum to Streptococcus Thermophilus, a 37 °C fermentation temperature, 33 h of fermentation time, 1:20 (g:mL) of a solid–liquid ratio and 3 g/100 mL of a glucose dosage. Under these conditions, the achieved fermentation broth (FB) showed stronger free radical scavenging abilities than the water extract (WE) against the ABTS+, DPPH, OH− and O2− radicals. The cytotoxicity and the protective effect of FB on the intracellular ROS level in HaCaT cells were further detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The results showed that FB had no significant cytotoxicity toward HaCaT cells when its content was no more than 8 mg/mL. The FB with a concentration of 8 mg/mL had a good protective effect against oxidative damage, which can effectively reduce the ROS level to 125.94% ± 13.46% (p < 0.001) compared with 294.49% ± 11.54% of the control group in H2O2-damaged HaCaT cells. The outstanding antioxidant ability and protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HaCaT cells promote the potential for the FB of PP&SC as a functional raw material of cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
| | - Ming-Yan Cheng
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
| | - Sheng-Nan Lei
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
| | - Qing-Lei Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18918830550
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