Adsorption Studies of Waterborne Trihalomethanes Using Modified Polysaccharide Adsorbents

Molecularly imprinted polymers and porous organic frameworks based analytical methods for disinfection by-products in water and wastewater

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) with heritage toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are one kind of important new pollutants, and their detection and removal in water and wastewater has become a common challenge facing mankind. Advanced functional materials with ideal selectivity, adsorption capacity and regeneration capacity provide hope for the determination of DBPs with low concentration levels and inherent molecular structural similarity. Among them, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are favored, owing to their predictable structure, specific recognition and wide applicability. Also, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) with unique pore structure, large specific surface area and easy functionalization, attract increasing interest. Herein, we review recent advances in analytical methods based on the above-mentioned three functional materials for DBPs in water and wastewater. Firstly, MIPs, MOFs and COFs are briefly introduced. Secondly, MIPs, MOFs and COFs as extractants, recognition element and adsorbents, are comprehensively discussed. Combining the latest research progress of solid-phase extraction (SPE), sensor, adsorption and nanofiltration, typical examples on MIPs and MOFs/COFs based analytical and removal applications in water and wastewater are summarized. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of the three functional materials in DBPs analysis are proposed to promote the development of corresponding analytical methods.

Drinking water treatment and associated toxic byproducts: Concurrence and urgence

Reclaimed water is highly required for environmental sustainability and to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs). Chemical processes are frequently associated with highly hazardous and toxic by-products, like nitrosamines, trihalomethanes, haloaldehydes, haloketones, and haloacetic acids. In this context, we aim to summarize the formation of various commonly produced disinfection by-products (DBPs) during wastewater treatment and their treatment approaches. Owing to DBPs formation, we discussed permissible limits, concentrations in various water systems reported globally, and their consequences on humans. While most reviews focus on DBPs detection methods, this review discusses factors affecting DBPs formation and critically reviews various remediation approaches, such as adsorption, reverse osmosis, nano/micro-filtration, UV treatment, ozonation, and advanced oxidation process. However, research in the detection of hazardous DBPs and their removal is quite at an early and initial stage, and therefore, numerous advancements are required prior to scale-up at commercial level. DBPs abatement in wastewater treatment approach should be considered. This review provides the baseline for optimizing DBPs formation and advancements in the remediation process, efficiently reducing their production and providing safe, clean drinking water. Future studies should focus on a more efficient and rigorous understanding of DBPs properties and degradation of hazardous pollutants using low-cost techniques in wastewater treatment.