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de Matos RC, Bitencourt AFA, de Oliveira ADM, Prado VR, Machado RR, Scopel M. Evidence for the efficacy of anti-inflammatory plants used in Brazilian traditional medicine with ethnopharmacological relevance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118137. [PMID: 38574778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE When exacerbated, inflammatory processes can culminate in physical and emotional disorders and, if not stopped, can be lethal. The high prevalence of inflammation has become a public health problem, and the need for new drugs to treat this pathology is imminent. The use of medicinal plants has emerged as an alternative, and a survey of data that corroborates its application in inflammatory diseases is the starting point. Furthermore, Brazil harbors a megadiversity, and the traditional use of plants is relevant and needs to be preserved and carefully explored for the discovery of new medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY This review sought to survey the medicinal plants traditionally used in Brazil for the treatment of inflammatory processes and to perform, in an integrative way, a data survey of these species and analysis of their phytochemical, pharmacological, and molecular approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brazilian plants that are traditionally used for inflammation (ophthalmia, throat inflammation, orchitis, urinary tract inflammation, ear inflammation, and inflammation in general) are listed in the DATAPLAMT database. This database contains information on approximately 3400 native plants used by Brazilians, which were registered in specific documents produced until 1950. These inflammatory disorders were searched in scientific databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo, Virtual Health Library), with standardization of DECS/MESH descriptors for inflammation in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese, without chronological limitations. For the inclusion criteria, all articles had to be of the evaluated plant species, without association of synthesized substances, and full articles free available in any of the four languages searched. Duplicated articles and those that were not freely available were excluded. RESULTS A total of 126 species were identified, culminating in 6181 articles in the search. After evaluation of the inclusion criteria, 172 articles representing 40 different species and 38 families were included in the study. Comparison of reproducibility in intra-species results became difficult because of the large number of extraction solvents tested and the wide diversity of evaluation models used. Although the number of in vitro and in vivo evaluations was high, only one clinical study was found (Abrus precatorius). In the phytochemical analyses, more than 225 compounds, mostly phenolic compounds, were identified. CONCLUSION This review allowed the grouping of preclinical and clinical studies of several Brazilian species traditionally used for the treatment of many types of inflammation, corroborating new searches for their pharmacological properties as a way to aid public health. Furthermore, the large number of plants that have not yet been studied has encouraged new research to revive traditional knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C de Matos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Especializado Em Plantas Aromáticas, Medicinais e Tóxicas - CEPLAMT-Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rua Gustavo da Silveira 1035, Horto, 31.080-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana F A Bitencourt
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alexsandro D M de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa R Prado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renes R Machado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marina Scopel
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Especializado Em Plantas Aromáticas, Medicinais e Tóxicas - CEPLAMT-Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rua Gustavo da Silveira 1035, Horto, 31.080-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Santos VV, da Hora Borges MA, Jatobá da Silva KC, dos Santos Costa R, Santo RFDE, Velozo EDS, Villarreal CF, Azeredo FJ. Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Study and Lung Penetration of a Coumarin Extracted from Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:714. [PMID: 38931838 PMCID: PMC11206778 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The compound 6-methoxyseselin, derived from Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba, demonstrates various therapeutic properties, including vasorelaxation, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, along with recently discovered antiasthmatic properties. This study aimed to evaluate its preclinical pharmacokinetics and pulmonary delivery in Balb/c mice. The method involved administering the compound via inhalation and intravenous routes, followed by blood sample collection for analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The results indicated good linearity, precision, accuracy, and stability of the compound in the biological samples. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as the rate of elimination, half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, area under the curve, and mean residence time were determined for both administration routes, showing similar profiles. The lung concentrations were notably higher than the plasma concentrations, indicating significant lung penetration. These findings suggest 6-methoxyseselin as a promising candidate for new anti-asthmatic drugs, supported by its favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and high lung penetration factors. This study represents the first exploration of the pharmacokinetics and pulmonary delivery of 6-methoxyseselin in mice, highlighting its potential for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdeene Vieira Santos
- Pharmacy Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (V.V.S.); (M.A.d.H.B.)
| | - Matheus Antônio da Hora Borges
- Pharmacy Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (V.V.S.); (M.A.d.H.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- Pharmacy Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (V.V.S.); (M.A.d.H.B.)
| | - Francine Johansson Azeredo
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Wang FF, Tao PF, Zhong YJ, Gu YQ, Wang CY, Qin F. Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum and their anti-proliferative activity against A549 cells by regulating the EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38684029 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2347463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum nitidum is frequently used as a traditional Chinese medicine and food supplement. Our previous study revealed that its constituent compounds were able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In our continuous exploration of bioactive compounds in Z. nitidum, we isolated ten alkaloids (1-10), including one new natural compound (1), and nine known alkaloids (2-10), from an ethanolic extract of the whole plant. The chemical structures were elucidated based on a combination of comprehensive NMR and HRESIMS analyses. Compounds 5, 8 and 10 exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against A549 cancer cell lines. We further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferative activity of compound 8 in A549 human lung cancer cells. Compound 8 was found to induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase via p53 activation and CDK4/6 suppression. Compound 8 also effectively inhibited cell migration through the modulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as indicated by the expression of biomarkers, such as N-cadherin downregulation and E-cadherin upregulation. Compound 8 significantly suppressed the activation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in A549 cells. These results indicate that alkaloid 8 from Z. nitidum has potential to be a lead antiproliferative compound in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Fang Tao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Qiong Gu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Cai Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
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Aita SE, Montone CM, Taglioni E, Capriotti AL. Hempseed protein-derived short- and medium-chain peptides and their multifunctional properties. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 110:275-325. [PMID: 38906589 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the growing knowledge about the high nutritional value and potential functionality of hempseeds, the edible fruits of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, has sparked a surge in interest in exploring the worthwhile attributes of hempseed proteins and peptides. This trend aligns with the increasing popularity of hemp-based food, assuming a vital role in the global food chain. This chapter targets the nutritional and chemical composition of hempseed in terms of short- and medium-chain bioactive peptides. The analytical approaches for their characterization and multifunctional properties are summarized in detail. Moreover, the processing, functionality, and application of various hempseed protein products are discussed. In the final part of the chapter-for evaluating their propensity to be transported by intestinal cells-the transepithelial transport of peptides within hempseed protein hydrolysate is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elsa Aita
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Taglioni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zhang J, Guo J, Yang N, Huang Y, Wen J, Xiang Q, Liu Q, Chen Y, Hu T, Rao C. Zanthoxylum armatum DC fruit ethyl acetate extract site induced hepatotoxicity by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting autophagy in BRL-3A models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117245. [PMID: 37802376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Z. armatum) is renowned not only as a culinary spice but also as a staple in traditional ethnic medicine, predominantly in Southeast Asia and various other regions. Recent research has unveiled its multifaceted pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and toothache relief effects. Nonetheless, some studies have reported the potential toxicity of Z. armatum, emphasizing the need to further explore its toxicity mechanisms for safer application. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effect and mechanism of hepatotoxicity in BRL-3A cells induced by Z. armatum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of Z. armatum (ZADC-EA) were identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The hepatotoxicity of the extract was evaluated by detecting cell viability, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were detected by Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B, flow cytometry, and Western blot to explore the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by ZADC-EA. RESULTS UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis revealed the presence of compounds belonging to flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The IC50 value of ZADC-EA was 62.43 μg/mL, the cell viability of BRL-3A decreased in a time-dose dependent manner, and the levels of AST, ALT, and LDH were upregulated. In addition, ZADC-EA-induced increased expression of eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway proteins, inhibited autophagy, and promoted apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the hepatotoxicity mechanisms of ZADC-EA on BRL-3A cells. It was found that ZADC-EA could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibit autophagy, then intensify apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress could exacerbate autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
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6
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Meepagala KM, Estep AS. Larvicidal constituents from Poncirus trifoliata root extracts. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1016-1021. [PMID: 37409987 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the search for effective and environmentally friendly mosquito control agents, we have examined natural sources, such as microbes and plants, and the synthetic analogs of natural products. These plants and microbes have evolved in their ecological niches to produce defensive compounds against other competing organisms in their surroundings such as microbes, plants, and insects as a means to enhance their survival. Thus, some of these plants and microbes have bioactive compounds with insecticidal, fungicidal, and phytotoxic activities. In our previous research, we successfully isolated bioactive constituents from natural sources. We have carried out synthetic modifications and total synthesis of marginally active isolated compounds to achieve significantly higher active compounds. We have focused on plants in the Rutaceae family as the members of this family are known to possess bioactive compounds with algicidal, antifungal, insecticidal, and fungicidal activities. In this article, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of mosquito larvicidal constituents from Poncirus trifoliata (Rutaceae) root extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudini M Meepagala
- USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Alden S Estep
- USDA-ARS, Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, 1600 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Baloghová J, Michalková R, Baranová Z, Mojžišová G, Fedáková Z, Mojžiš J. Spice-Derived Phenolic Compounds: Potential for Skin Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:6251. [PMID: 37687080 PMCID: PMC10489044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Different types of skin cancer include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the advancements in targeted therapies, there is still a need for a safer, highly efficient approach to preventing and treating cutaneous malignancies. Spices have a rich history dating back thousands of years and are renowned for their ability to enhance the flavor, taste, and color of food. Derived from various plant parts like seeds, fruits, bark, roots, or flowers, spices are important culinary ingredients. However, their value extends beyond the culinary realm. Some spices contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, which are known for their significant biological effects. These compounds have attracted attention in scientific research due to their potential health benefits, including their possible role in disease prevention and treatment, such as cancer. This review focuses on examining the potential of spice-derived phenolic compounds as preventive or therapeutic agents for managing skin cancers. By compiling and analyzing the available knowledge, this review aims to provide insights that can guide future research in identifying new anticancer phytochemicals and uncovering additional mechanisms for combating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Baloghová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Baranová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Gabriela Mojžišová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Fedáková
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
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Umar U, Ahmed S, Iftikhar A, Iftikhar M, Majeed W, Liaqat A, Shahzad S, Abbas M, Mehmood T, Anwar F. Phenolics Extracted from Jasminum sambac Mitigates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Mediators and the Nfr-2/HO-1 Pathway in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:5453. [PMID: 37513325 PMCID: PMC10383516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder defined as hyperglycemia and pancreatic β-cell deterioration, leading to other complications such as cardiomyopathy. The current study assessed the therapeutic effects of phenolic acids extracted from Jasminum sambac phenols of leaves (JSP) against diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. The rats were divided into four groups, with each group consisting of 20 rats. The rats were given intraperitoneal injections of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. The diabetes-induced groups (III and IV) received treatment for six weeks that included 250 and 500 mg/kg of JSP extract, respectively. In the treated rats, the results demonstrated that JSP extract restored fasting glucose, serum glucose, and hyperlipidemia. Alloxan induced cardiomyopathy, promoted oxidative stress, and altered cardiac function biomarkers, including cardiac troponin I, proBNP, CK-MB, LDH, and IMA. The JSP extract-treated rats showed improved cardiac function indicators, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In diabetic rats, the mRNA expression of caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2 was significantly higher, while Bcl-2, Nrf-2, and HO-,1 was significantly lower. In the treated groups, the expression levels of the BAX, Nrf-2, HO-1, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 genes were dramatically returned to normal level. According to our findings, the JSP extract prevented cardiomyopathy and heart failure in the hyperglycemic rats by improving cardiac biomarkers and lowering the levels of hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Umar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Iftikhar
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Majeed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Atika Liaqat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Abbas
- Quality Operations Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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Nadon S, Leksawasdi N, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Ruksiriwanich W, Sommano SR, Khaneghah AM, Castagnini JM, Barba FJ, Phimolsiripol Y. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties and GC-MS Chemical Compositions of Makwaen Pepper (Zanthoxylum myriacanthum) Extracted Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112211. [PMID: 37299190 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to optimize pressure (10-20 MPa) and temperature (45-60 °C) conditions for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Makwaen pepper (Zanthoxylum myriacanthum) extract (ME) in comparison to conventional hydro-distillation extraction. Various quality parameters, including yield, total phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts, were assessed and optimized using a central composite design. The optimal SFE conditions were found to be 20 MPa at 60 °C, which resulted in the highest yield (19%) and a total phenolic compound content of 31.54 mg GAE/mL extract. IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS assays were determined to be 26.06 and 19.90 μg/mL extract, respectively. Overall, the ME obtained through SFE exhibited significantly better physicochemical and antioxidant properties compared to ME obtained through hydro-distillation extraction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that beta-pinene was the major component in the ME obtained through SFE (23.10%), followed by d-limonene, alpha-pinene, and terpinen-4-ol at concentrations of 16.08, 7.47, and 6.34%, respectively. On the other hand, the hydro-distillation-extracted ME showed stronger antimicrobial properties than the SFE-extracted ME. These findings suggest that both SFE and hydro-distillation have the potential for extracting Makwaen pepper, depending on the intended purpose of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarut Nadon
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, 16/21 Azadliq Ave, AZ1010 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Juan M Castagnini
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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10
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Okagu IU, Okeke ES, Ezeorba WCF, Ndefo JC, Ezeorba TPC. Overhauling the ecotoxicological impact of synthetic pesticides using plants' natural products: a focus on Zanthoxylum metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67997-68021. [PMID: 37148518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in agricultural production due to the negative impact of insects and weeds, as well as the health and economic burden associated with vector-borne diseases, has promoted the wide use of chemicals that control these "enemies." However, the use of these synthetic chemicals has been recognized to elicit negative impacts on the environment as well as the health and wellbeing of man. In this study, we presented an overview of recent updates on the environmental and health impacts of synthetic pesticides against agro-pest and disease vectors while exhaustive reviewing the potentials of natural plant products from Zanthoxylum species (Rutaceae) as sustainable alternatives. This study is expected to spur further research on exploiting these plants and their chemicals as safe and effective pesticide entities to minimize the impact of their chemical and synthetic counterparts on health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Joseph Chinedum Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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11
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Khruengsai S, Sripahco T, Pripdeevech P. Antibacterial activity and synergic effects of the essential oils of Amomum verum Blackw and Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alston. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:102. [PMID: 36862257 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of Amomum verum Blackw, Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alston, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and Zingiber montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr essential oils were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The essential oils of A. verum Blackw, Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston, Z. bungeanum, and Z. montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr displayed strong antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration and minimumbactericidal concentration ranging from 0.31 to 1.25 µg/mL and 0.62-5.00 µg/mL, respectively. The chemical composition of A. verum Blackw, Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston, Z. bungeanum, and Z. montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr essential oils were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 1,8-Cineole and limonene were detected in high amounts in the A. verum Blackw and Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston essential oils, respectively. The major compound in Z. bungeanum and Z. montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr essential oil was 2,4-dimethylether-phloroacetophenone and terpinene-4-ol, respectively. The antibacterial activities and synergistic effects between these essential oils were further analysed. The combination of A. verum Blackw and Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston essential oils showed a synergistic effect against all bacterial strains, while the other essential oil combinations showed additive, antagonistic effects, and no interaction. The synergistic effect of the combination between A. verum Blackw and Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston essential oils could be resulted from 1,8-cineole and limonene which was evaluated to possess strong antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teerapong Sripahco
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Pripdeevech
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
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12
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Oladipo A, Ejeromedoghene O, Adebayo A, Ogunyemi O, Egejuru G. A mini review on the prospects of Fagara zanthoxyloides extract based composites: a remedy for COVID-19 and associated replica? PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Studies are still being conducted to find a sustainable and long-lasting solution to the lethal consequences of the feared virus characterized as coronavirus disease (Covid-19) and its accompanying pathogenic replication, which pose a serious threat to human survival in the wake of its broad distribution. Since its emergence, researchers have investigated synthetic approaches in search of a dependable vaccine or treatment and curtail the spread of the virus and also enhance the health of a patient who has been affected. Unfortunately, the infection is yet to be entirely eradicated in many parts of the world. Despite the introduction of synthetic pharmaceuticals like remdesivir and derivatives of chloroquine, plant extracts may be an alternative reliable strategy that could successfully combat the operation of the virus. Herein, we investigated the prospects of fagara zanthoxyloides lam. (rutaceae) (syn. zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides), a well-known medicinal tree whose extracts have demonstrated success in treating many microbiological and viral-related infections. The distinctive plant extracts contain several bioactive phytochemicals with promising biological activity with minimal or no side effects and are being researched for a variety of applications, particularly in the pharmaceutical and medicinal industries. Consequently, in this review, we examined the crude extracts from the Fagara species and suggested that careful consideration should be given to its independent use or combination with other bioactive molecules, such as biopolymers and nano-metallic composites, to combat the terrifying Covid-19 virus and its associates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Oladipo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China , College of Forestry , Nanjing Forestry University , 210037 Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Onome Ejeromedoghene
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Jiangning District , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , 211189 , P. R. China
| | - Ademola Adebayo
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences , Faculty of Forestry , University of British Columbia , V6T1Z4 B.C , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Olakunle Ogunyemi
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management , Federal University of Agriculture , PMB 2240 Abeokuta , Ogun State , Nigeria
| | - George Egejuru
- School of Public Health , Southeast University , Jiangning District , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , 211189 , P. R. China
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13
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Lian C, Huang Y, Hu P, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Feng F, Zhang J. Nitidine Chloride Triggers Autophagy and Apoptosis of Ovarian Cancer Cells through Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:1524-1534. [PMID: 37317923 PMCID: PMC10494283 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230614154847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth most common cancer with high mortality in women worldwide. Currently, compounds derived from Chinese herbal medicine have provided a new angle for OC treatment. METHODS In this study, the cell proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer A2780/SKOV3 cells were inhibited after being treated with nitidine chloride (NC) by using MTT and Wound-Healing Assay. Flow cytometry analysis indicated NC-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and AO and MDC staining showed that NC treatment induced the appearance of autophagosomes and autophagic lysosomes in ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS Through the autophagy inhibition experiment of chloroquine, it was proved that NC significantly further promoted apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, NC proved that it could significantly decrease the expression of autophagy-related genes such as Akt, mTOR, P85 S6K, P70 S6K, and 4E-BP1. CONCLUSION Therefore, we suggest that NC could trigger autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and NC may potentially be a target for chemotherapy against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Lian
- Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yinlong Huang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Yuncheng Cao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Fan Feng
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
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Hu H, He B, Ma L, Chen X, Han P, Luo Y, Liu Y, Fei X, Wei A. Physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the photosynthetic response to drought stress in drought-sensitive (Fengjiao) and drought-tolerant (Hanjiao) Zanthoxylum bungeanum cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968714. [PMID: 36186061 PMCID: PMC9524374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important economical plant, Zanthoxylum bungeanum is widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid areas. The studies associated with photosynthesis under drought stress were widely carried out, but not yet in Z. bungeanum. Here, the photosynthesis of two Z. bungeanum cultivars (FJ, Z. bungeanum cv. "Fengjiao"; HJ, Z. bungeanum cv. "Hanjiao") was analyzed under drought stress using physiological indicators and transcriptome data. Drought decreased stomatal aperture and stomatal conductance (Gsw), reduced transpiration rate (E) and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), and lowered chlorophyll and carotenoid content, which reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of Z. bungeanum. The higher photosynthetic rate in HJ stemmed from its higher chlorophyll content, larger stomatal aperture and Gsw, and higher Ci. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several ABA signal transduction genes (PYL4, PYL9, and PYR1), LCH-encoding genes (LHCB4.3), and chlorophyll metabolism genes (CRD1, PORA, and CHLH). Additionally, seven transcription factor genes were identified as important factors regulating photosynthesis under drought conditions. In general, a photosynthetic response model under drought stress was built firstly in Z. bungeanum, and the key genes involved in photosynthesis under drought stress were identified. Therefore, the results in our research provide important information for photosynthesis under drought and provided key clues for future molecular breeding in Z. bungeanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Hu
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Beibei He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peilin Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingli Luo
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xitong Fei
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anzhi Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Yang BH, Zhang YJ, Bai M, Zhang Q, Li CX, Huang XX, Song SJ. Chemical constituents from the fruits of Solanum nigrum and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Ivane NMA, Haruna SA, Zekrumah M, Roméo Elysé FK, Hassan MO, Hashim SB, Tahir HE, Zhang D. Composition, mechanisms of tingling paresthesia, and health benefits of Sichuan pepper: A review of recent progress. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Aguchem RN, Okagu IU, Okagu OD, Ndefo JC, Udenigwe CC. A review on the techno‐functional, biological, and health‐promoting properties of hempseed‐derived proteins and peptides. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14127. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ngozi Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | | | - Ogadimma Desmond Okagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Joseph Chinedum Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Phyto-Carbazole Alkaloids from the Rutaceae Family as Potential Protective Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030493. [PMID: 35326143 PMCID: PMC8944741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived (phyto) carbazole alkaloids are an important class of compounds, presented in the family of Rutaceae (Genera Murraya, Clausena, Glycosmis, Micromelum and Zanthoxylum). Due to several significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-HIV and neuroprotective activities of the parent skeleton (3-methylcarbazole), carbazole alkaloids are recognized as an important class of potential therapeutic agents. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may exhibit a vast range of conditions, affecting neurons primarily and leading ultimately to the progressive losses of normal motor and cognitive functions. The main pathophysiological indicators of NDs comprise increasing atypical protein folding, oxidative stresses, mitochondrial dysfunctions, deranged neurotransmissions and neuronal losses. Phyto-carbazole alkaloids can be investigated for exerting multitarget approaches to ameliorating NDs. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature on the neuroprotective mechanisms of phyto-carbazole alkaloids from the Rutaceae family in ameliorating NDs.
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Okagu IU, Ndefo JC, Aham EC, Udenigwe CC. Zanthoxylum Species: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology in Relation to Cancer, Infectious Diseases and Sickle Cell Anemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713090. [PMID: 34603027 PMCID: PMC8479109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits and toxicity of plant products are largely dependent on their secondary metabolite contents. These compounds are biosynthesized by plants as protection mechanisms against environmental factors and infectious agents. This review discusses the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and health benefits of plant species in genus Zanthoxylum with a focus on cancer, microbial and parasitic infections, and sickle cell disease as reported in articles published from 1970 to 2021 in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in major scientific databases. Generally, Z. species are widely distributed in Asia, America and Africa, where they are used as food and for disease treatment. Several compounds belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lignans, among others have been isolated from Z. species. This review discusses the biological activities reported for the plant species and their phytochemicals, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-trypanosomal, antimalarial and anti-sickling properties. The safety profiles and suggestions for conservation of the Z. species were also discussed. Taken together, this review demonstrates that Z. species are rich in a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals with multiple health benefits, but more research is needed towards their practical application in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals and lead compounds for new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel Chigozie Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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