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Chu BY, Lin C, Nie PC, Xia ZY. Research Status in the Use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) to Detect Pesticide Residues in Foods and Plant-Derived Chinese Herbal Medicines. Int J Anal Chem 2024; 2024:5531430. [PMID: 38250173 PMCID: PMC10798841 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5531430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology has unique advantages in the rapid detection of pesticides in plant-derived foods, leading to reduced detection limits and increased accuracy. Plant-derived Chinese herbal medicines have similar sources to plant-derived foods; however, due to the rough surfaces and complex compositions of herbal medicines, the detection of pesticide residues in this context continues to rely heavily on traditional methods, which are time consuming and laborious and are unable to meet market demands for portability. The application of flexible nanomaterials and SERS technology in this realm would allow rapid and accurate detection in a portable format. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the underlying principles and characteristics of SERS technology, with particular focus on applications of SERS for the analysis of pesticide residues in agricultural products. This paper summarizes recent research progress in the field from three main directions: sample pretreatment, SERS substrates, and data processing. The prospects and limitations of SERS technology are also discussed, in order to provide theoretical support for rapid detection of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yan Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chi Lin
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Nie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Xia
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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Zhao J, Li P, Hu J. Multi-residue monitoring and dietary risk assessment of 17 pesticides and 3 related metabolites in rice and rice flour from markets in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:5275-5288. [PMID: 38114704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in rice have attracted widespread public attention in recent years. This research aimed to monitor the residues of 17 pesticides and their 3 metabolites in 120 samples of rice and rice flour collected from markets in China using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) pretreatment method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The monitoring results showed that isoprothiolane, tricyclazole, fenoxanil, and tebuconazole were detected in the rice samples, with detection frequencies of 33.3%, 17.5%, 8.3%, and 2.5%, and concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 mg/kg (median = 0.04), 0.01 to 0.17 mg/kg (median = 0.14), 0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg (median = 0.05), and 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg (median = 0.01), respectively. The residues of these four pesticides were all below their corresponding maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by China. Additionally, isoprothiolane, tricyclazole, fenoxanil, and tebuconazole were detected in rice flour samples, with detection frequencies of 74.2%, 55.0%, 5.0%, and 2.5%, and concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/kg (median = 0.04), 0.01 to 0.04 mg/kg (median = 0.02), 0.01 to 0.06 mg/kg (median = 0.03), and 0.02 to 0.04 mg/kg (median = 0.03), respectively. Furthermore, the chronic dietary intake risk (HQc), the acute dietary intake risk (HQa), and cumulative dietary risk (HI) for all the detected pesticides were evaluated and found well below 100%, indicating that the dietary intake risks would not pose potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Zhao
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Zhong L, Zhong J, Gu Z, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Zhai H. Synthesis of composite materials combining magnetic metal-organic frameworks and conjugated organic frameworks for selective extraction of carbendazim and thiabendazole residues from Chinese herbal medicine samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464474. [PMID: 37924618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic metal-organic framework MIL-68(Al) and a covalent organic framework were used as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbents in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) to detect carbendazim (CBZ) and thiabendazole (TBZ). The main parameters affecting the extraction in the MSPE process were studied and optimized. Fe3O4@MIL-68(Al) coated with 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and terephthaldehyde (Fe3O4@MIL-68(Al)@TAPB-PDA-COF) was analyzed and verified. The material was proven to be suitable for adsorbing CBZ and TBZ. Various adsorption models were used to study its adsorption mechanism. The adsorption results were in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of Fe3O4@MIL-68(Al)@TAPB-PDA-COF over CBZ and TBZ were 54.24 and 67.87 mg g-1, respectively, and the equilibrium adsorption time was 200 min. Fe3O4@MIL-68(Al)@TAPB-PDA-COF with excellent recyclability showed higher adsorption capacity and selectivity. A method based on Fe3O4@MIL-68(Al)@TAPB-PDA-COF combined with HPLC-UV was established under the optimal extraction conditions and used to separate and detect trace imidazole drugs in Chinese herbal samples, achieving a low limit of detection (0.65-1.30 μg L-1) with excellent linear correlation (r > 0.999). The recovery rate and relative standard deviation were 86.05-99.78 % and 0.15-4.90 %, respectively. Therefore, the Fe3O4@MIL-68@TAPB-PDA-COF can be regarded as an effective adsorbent for the pretreatment of CBZ and TBZ drugs in Chinese herbal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhenwei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Haiyun Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Kim H, Joo Baek E, Kim YK, Park H, Hye Hur S, Kim JE, Jin Kim H. Development of a method for analysis and risk assessment of residual pesticides in ginseng using liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 427:136675. [PMID: 37385061 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a method for detecting 335 pesticides in ginseng using liquid chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Additionally, the linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision of the method was validated. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for the instrument used in these experiments was 0.1-5.8 μg/kg and 0.3-17.5 μg/kg, respectively. The average recovery was 71.6-113.4%. From 2016 to 2019, 467 ginseng samples were analyzed, of which 304 samples detected pesticide residues, but most of them were below the standard. It can be observed that the hazard quotient (HQ) of ginseng for detected pesticides was less than 1, thus implying that the risk was low. Hence, in this study, we developed a specific, reliable, and suitable method for a fast and simultaneous analysis of 335 pesticides in ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoyoung Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Baek
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Yong-Kyoung Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Hyejin Park
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Suel Hye Hur
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- Major in Environment and Life Chemistry, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea.
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Liu Y, Bei K, Zheng W, Yu G, Sun C. Multiple pesticide residues and risk assessment of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo: a three-year investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:107827-107840. [PMID: 37740810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) is a traditional Chinese medicine homologous to food, and its safety has attracted considerable attention. Pesticide residues are critical indicators for evaluating the safety of D. officinale. This study investigated the levels of 130 pesticides in 137 stem samples and 82 leaf samples from five main production areas of D. officinale in Zhejiang Province, along with the associated risk of dietary exposure for the population between 2019 and 2021. Forty-five pesticides were detected in 171 samples, of which pyraclostrobin had the highest detection frequency. Multiple residues were detected in 52.56% of the stem samples and 54.88% of the leaf samples, and one stem sample contained up to 18 pesticides. Here, the level of difenoconazole in three samples (two stem samples and one leaf sample) was higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) in China. Considering the possible health risks related to pesticide residues, a risk assessment of human exposure to pesticides via the intake of D. officinale stems and leaves was evaluated, indicating negligible short-term, long-term, and cumulative risks to human health. However, considering the high detection rate of unregistered pesticides, the supplementation of pesticide registration information on D. officinale should be expedited, and MRLs should be established to ensure food and drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198# Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Bei
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Weiran Zheng
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198# Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Yu
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198# Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Sun
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198# Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Hu Z, Wu L, Gan H, Lan H, Zhu B, Ye X. Toxicological effects, residue levels and risks of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in Chinese medicine: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79724-79743. [PMID: 37332031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is used worldwide possesses the satisfactory function of disease prevention, treatment and health care, and this natural medicine seems to be favored due to its low side effects. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which exist in all aspects of our lives, may interfere with the synthesis, action and metabolism of human sex steroid hormones, resulting in the development and fertility problems as well as obesity and the disturbance of energy homeostasis. From planting to processing, TCM may be polluted by various EDCs. Many studies pay attention to this problem, but there are still few reviews on the residues and toxicity risks of EDCs in TCM. In this paper, researches related to EDCs in TCM were screened. The possible contamination sources of TCM from planting to processing and its toxic effects were introduced. Moreover, the residues of metals, pesticides and other EDCs in TCM as well as the health risks of human exposure to EDCs through ingestion of TCM materials were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hongya Gan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huili Lan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Kang SM, Won JH, Han JE, Kim JH, Kim KH, Jeong HI, Sung SH. Chromatographic Method for Monitoring of Pesticide Residues and Risk Assessment for Herbal Decoctions Used in Traditional Korean Medicine Clinics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083343. [PMID: 37110577 PMCID: PMC10142989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of pesticide residues in herbs and the herbal products derived from them raises serious health concerns. This study was conducted to investigate the residual pesticide concentrations and assess potential human health risks from herbal medicines used in traditional Korean medicine clinics. A total of 40 samples of herbal decoctions were collected from 10 external herbal dispensaries. The pesticide residues were analyzed by the multiresidue method for 320 different pesticides using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). As a result of the monitoring, carbendazim was detected at 0.01 and 0.03 μg/g in eight samples and no pesticide was detected in the other herbal decoctions. Carbendazim was set for each individual item as less than 0.05 μg/g in Paeoniae radix, less than 0.05 μg/g in Cassiae semen, less than 2.0 μg/g in Lycii fructus, and less than 10 μg/g in Schisandrae fructus (dried). Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the detected pesticide residues in herbal decoctions could not be considered as posing a serious health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Mi Kang
- Department of Public Infrastructure Operation, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Won
- Department of Public Infrastructure Operation, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Han
- Department of Policy Development, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical Classics and History, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Han Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-In Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Sung
- Department of Policy Development, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea
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Sun M, Yi X, Tong Z, Dong X, Chu Y, Meng D, Duan J. Residual Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Chlorfenapyr and Its Metabolites in Radish. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020580. [PMID: 36677638 PMCID: PMC9866042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorfenapyr, as a highly effective and low-toxicity insect growth regulation inhibitor, has been used to control cross-cruciferous vegetable pests. However, the pesticide residue caused by its application threatens human health. In this paper, the residue digestion and final residue of chlorfenapyr in radish were studied in a field experiment. The results of the dynamic digestion test showed that the half-life of chlorfenapyr in radish leaves ranged from 6.0 to 6.4 days, and the digestion rate was fast. The median residual values of chlorfenapyr in radish and radish leaves at 14 days after treatment were 0.12 and 3.92 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the dietary intake risk assessment showed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of chlorfenapyr in various populations in China were 0.373 and 5.66 µg/(kg bw·d), respectively. The risk entropy (RQ) was 0.012 and 0.147, respectively, indicating that the chronic dietary intake risk of chlorfenapyr in radish was low. The results of this study provided data support and a theoretical basis for guiding the scientific use of chlorfenapyr in radish production and evaluating the dietary risk of chlorfenapyr in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaotong Yi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dandan Meng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jinsheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence:
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