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Kavipriya R, Ramasubburayan R. Phytofabrication of biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticle using Gymnema sylvestre and its potent in vitro antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:1377-1391. [PMID: 38819452 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of breast cancer and bacterial biofilm in medical devices significantly heightens global mortality and morbidity, challenging synthetic drugs. Consequently, greener-synthesized nanomaterials have emerged as a versatile alternative for various biomedical applications, offering new therapeutic avenues. This study explores the synthesis of biocompatible zinc oxide (ZnONPs) nanoparticles using Gymnema sylvestre and its antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic properties. Characterization of ZnONPs inferred that UV-Vis spectra exhibited a sharp peak at 370 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopical analysis revealed the presence of active functional groups such as aldehyde, alkyne, cyclic alkene, sulfate, alkyl aryl ether, and Zn-O bonds. X-ray diffraction analysis results confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticle. Scanning electron microscope analysis evidenced hexagonal morphology, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed zinc content. High-resolution transmission electron microscope analysis showed hexagonal and rod-shaped ZnONPs with a size of 5 nm. Zeta potential results affirmed the stability of nanoparticles. The ZnONPs effectively inhibited gram-positive (18-20 mm) than gram-negative (12-18 mm) bacterial pathogens with lower bacteriostatic and higher bactericidal values. Biofilm inhibitory property inferred ZnONPs were more effective against gram-positive (38-94%) than gram-negative bacteria (27-86%). The concentration of ZnONPs to exert 50% biofilm-inhibitory is lower against gram-positive bacteria (179.26-203.95 μg/mL) than gram-negative bacteria (201.46-236.19 μg/mL). Microscopic visualization inferred that at 250 μg/mL, ZnONPs strongly disrupted biofilm formation, as evidenced by decreased biofilm density and altered architecture. The cytotoxicity of ZnONPs against breast cancer cells showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability with an IC50 value of 19.4 µg/mL. AO/EB staining indicated early and late apoptotic cell death of breast cancer cells under fluorescence microscopy. The results of hemolytic activity validated the biocompatibility of the ZnONPs. Thus, the unique properties of the green-synthesized ZnONPs suggest their potential as effective drug carriers for targeted delivery in cancer therapy and the treatment of biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kavipriya
- Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ramasubburayan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Syed S, Islam A, Shabeer M, Nadhman A, Ahmad F, Irfan N, Mehwish S, Khan A. Biomedical Applications of Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Ziziphus Oxyphylla Leaves. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2024; 23:418-427. [PMID: 38446646 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2024.3373777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium-doped zinc oxide (Mg-doped ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Ziziphus oxyphylla 's aqueous leaf extract as reducing agent. UV-Vis absorption peaks at 324 nm and 335 nm were indicative of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO, respectively. FTIR absorption bands observed at 3238, 1043, 1400, 1401, 2186 and 2320 cm -1 suggested the presence of phenols, alcohols, saturated hydrocarbons, and possibly alkynes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed pure, spherical and agglomerated NPs with average size of 35.9 nm (ZnO) and 56.8 nm (Mg-doped ZnO). Both NPs remained active against all bacterial strains with the highest inhibition zones observed against Proteus vulgaris (21.16±1.25 mm for ZnO and 24.1±0.76 mm for Mg-doped ZnO. EtBr fluorescence (cartwheel assay) indicated efflux pump blockage, suggesting its facilitation in the bacterial growth inhibition. Antioxidant potential, determined via DPPH radical scavenging assay, revealed stronger antioxidant potential for Mg-doped ZnO (IC [Formula: see text]/mL) than pure ZnO (IC [Formula: see text]/mL). Furthermore, both NPs showed antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes (IC [Formula: see text]/mL for Mg-doped ZnO and 64.34±6.56 for ZnO), while neither NP exhibited significant hemolysis, indicating biocompatibility and further assessment for their drugability.
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3
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Maheswaran H, Djearamane S, Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal AC, Wong LS. Cytotoxicity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Musa acuminata on Vero cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31316. [PMID: 38868065 PMCID: PMC11167271 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have become a highly regarded substance in various industries especially biologically synthesized ZnO NPs due to their adherence to the principles of green chemistry. However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on biological systems. This study aimed to investigate and compare the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs that were synthesized through chemical (C-ZnO NPs) and green approach using Musa acuminata leaf aqueous extract (Ma-ZnO NPs) on Vero cells. Characterization of ZnO NPs through Uv-Vis, FESEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and XPS confirmed the successful synthesis of C- and Ma-ZnO NPs. MTT and ROS assays revealed that C- and Ma-ZnO NPs induced a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Remarkably, Ma-ZnO NPs showed significantly higher cell viability compared to C-ZnO NPs. The corelation of ROS and vell viability suggest that elevated ROS levels can lead to cell damage and even cell death. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that Ma-ZnO NPs exposed cells had more viable cells and a smaller cell population in the late and early apoptotic stage. Furthermore, more cells were arrested in the G1 phase upon exposure to C-ZnO NPs, which is associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by ROS generation, proving its higher cytotoxicity than Ma-ZnO NPs. Similarly, time-dependent cytotoxicity and morphological alterations were observed in C- and Ma-ZnO NPs treated cells, indicating cellular damage. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy also demonstrated a time-dependent increase in ROS formation in cells exposed to C- and Ma-ZnO NPs. In conclusion, the findings suggest that green ZnO NPs possess a favourable biocompatibility profile, exhibiting reduced cytotoxicity compared to chemically synthesized ZnO NPs on Vero cells. These results emphasize the potential of green synthesis methods for the development of safer and environmentally friendly ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshyini Maheswaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Unit and Lab Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, India
| | - Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Alipour-Khezri E, Moqadami A, Barzegar A, Mahdavi M, Skurnik M, Zarrini G. Bacteriophages and Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Combination Are Efficient against Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viruses 2024; 16:897. [PMID: 38932188 PMCID: PMC11209622 DOI: 10.3390/v16060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect the bacteria within which their reproduction cycle takes place, a process that ends in the lysis and death of the bacterial cell. Some phages are also able to destroy bacterial biofilms. Due to increased antibiotics resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, another biofilm-forming pathogen, is a problem in many parts of the world. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and other metal nanoparticles (NPs) are biologically active and also possess anti-biofilm properties. ZnO-NPs were prepared by the green synthesis method using orange peels. The vibrational peaks of the ZnO-NPs were analyzed using FTIR analysis, and their size and morphological properties were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ability of the ZnO-NPs to reduce or eliminate P. aeruginosa biofilm alone or in combination with phages PB10 and PA19 was investigated. The P. aeruginosa cells were effectively killed in the preformed 48 h biofilms during a 24 h incubation with the ZnO-NP-phage combination, in comparison with the control or ZnO-NPs alone. The treatments on growing biofilms were most efficient in the final stages of biofilm development. All five treatment groups showed a significant biofilm reduction compared to the control group (p < 0.0001) at 48 h of incubation. The influence of the ZnO-NPs and phages on the quorum sensing system of P. aeruginosa was monitored by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of the autoinducer biosynthesis gene lasI. While the ZnO-NPs repressed the lasI gene transcription, the phages slightly activated it at 24 and 48 h of incubation. Also, the effect of the ZnO-NPs and phage PA19 on the viability of HFF2 cells was investigated and the results showed that the combination of NPs with PA19 reduced the toxic effect of ZnO-NPs and also stimulated the growth in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Alipour-Khezri
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (E.A.-K.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Amin Moqadami
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (E.A.-K.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Abolfazl Barzegar
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (E.A.-K.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran;
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Human Microbiome Research Program, and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gholamreza Zarrini
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (E.A.-K.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
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Jadoun S, Yáñez J, Aepuru R, Sathish M, Jangid NK, Chinnam S. Recent advancements in sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using various plant extracts for environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19123-19147. [PMID: 38379040 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using plant extracts has gained significant attention in recent years due to its eco-friendly nature and potential applications in numerous fields. This synthetic approach reduces the reliance on non-renewable resources and eliminates the need for hazardous chemicals, minimizing environmental pollution and human health risks. These ZnO-NPs can be used in environmental remediation applications, such as wastewater treatment or soil remediation, effectively removing pollutants and improving overall ecosystem health. These NPs possess a high surface area and band gap of 3.2 eV, can produce both OH° (hydroxide) and O2-° (superoxide) radicals for the generation of holes (h+) and electrons (e-), resulting in oxidation and reduction of the pollutants in their valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) resulting in degradation of dyes (95-100% degradation of MB, MO, and RhB dyes), reduction and removal of heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cr6+, etc.), degradation of pharmaceutical compounds (paracetamol, urea, fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin)) using photocatalysis. Here, we review an overview of various plant extracts used for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs and their potential applications in environmental remediation including photocatalysis, adsorption, and heavy metal remediation. This review summarizes the most recent studies and further research perspectives to explore their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Jadoun
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - Jorge Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Analítica E Inorgánica, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, 4070371, Concepción, Chile
| | - Radhamanohar Aepuru
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manda Sathish
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
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Hanif M, Munir N, Abideen Z, Dias DA, Hessini K, El-Keblawy A. Enhancing tomato plant growth in a saline environment through the eco-friendly synthesis and optimization of nanoparticles derived from halophytic sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118830-118854. [PMID: 37922085 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Using green synthesis methods to produce halophytic nanoparticles presents a promising and cost-effective approach for enhancing plant growth in saline environments, offering agricultural resilience as an alternative to traditional chemical methods. This study focuses on synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles derived from the halophyte Withania somnifera, showcasing their potential in ameliorating tomato growth under salinity stress. The biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was initially optimized (i.e., salt concentration, the amount of plant extract, pH, and temperature) using a central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) together with UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to comprehensively characterize the biosynthesized ZnO NPs. The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by adjusting salt concentration, plant extract, pH, and temperature. The ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). FT-IR showed an absorption peak of ZnO between 400 and 600 cm-1, while SEM showed irregular shapes ranging between 1.3 and 6 nm. The data of EDX showed the presence of Zn (77.52%) and O (22.48%) levels, which exhibited the high purity synthesized ZnO under saline conditions. Introducing ZnO nanoparticles to tomato plants resulted in a remarkable 2.3-fold increase in shoot length in T23 (100 mg/L ZnO nanoparticles + 50 mM NaCl). There was an observable increase in foliage at T2 (20 mg L-1 ZnO) and T23 (100 mg L-1 ZnO-NPs + 50 mM NaCl). Tomato plants treated with T2 (20 mg L-1 ZnO) and T23 (100 mg L-1 ZnO-NPs + 50 mM NaCl) improved root elongation compared to the control plant group. Both fresh and dry leaf masses were significantly improved in T1 (10 mg L-1 ZnO) by 7.1-fold and T12 (10 mg L-1 ZnO-NPs + 100 mM NaCl) by 0.8-fold. The concentration of Zn was higher in T12 (10 mg L-1 ZnO NPs + 100 mM NaCl) among all treatments. Our findings prove that utilizing ZnO nanoparticles under saline conditions effectively promotes tomato plants' growth, thereby mitigating the negative impacts of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hanif
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neelma Munir
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Daniel Anthony Dias
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health, CASS Food Research Centre, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Kamel Hessini
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Huq MA, Apu MAI, Ashrafudoulla M, Rahman MM, Parvez MAK, Balusamy SR, Akter S, Rahman MS. Bioactive ZnO Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, Characterization and Potential Antimicrobial Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2634. [PMID: 38004613 PMCID: PMC10675506 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have gained tremendous attention because of their safe and non-toxic nature and distinctive biomedical applications. A diverse range of microbes (bacteria, fungi and yeast) and various parts (leaf, root, fruit, flower, peel, stem, etc.) of plants have been exploited for the facile, rapid, cost-effective and non-toxic synthesis of ZnONPs. Plant extracts, microbial biomass or culture supernatant contain various biomolecules including enzymes, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc., which serve as reducing, capping and stabilizing agents during the biosynthesis of ZnONPs. The biosynthesized ZnONPs are generally characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, etc. Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem for global public health. Due to mutation, shifting environmental circumstances and excessive drug use, the number of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microbes is continuously rising. To solve this issue, novel, safe and effective antimicrobial agents are needed urgently. Biosynthesized ZnONPs could be novel and effective antimicrobial agents because of their safe and non-toxic nature and powerful antimicrobial characteristics. It is proven that biosynthesized ZnONPs have strong antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms including multidrug-resistant bacteria. The possible antimicrobial mechanisms of ZnONPs are the generation of reactive oxygen species, physical interactions, disruption of the cell walls and cell membranes, damage to DNA, enzyme inactivation, protein denaturation, ribosomal destabilization and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, the biosynthesis of ZnONPs using microbes and plants and their characterization have been reviewed comprehensively. Also, the antimicrobial applications and mechanisms of biosynthesized ZnONPs against various pathogenic microorganisms have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Aminul Islam Apu
- Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Md. Ashrafudoulla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shahina Akter
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md. Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
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Farouk SM, Abu-Hussien SH, Abd-Elhalim BT, Mohamed RM, Arabe NM, Hussain AAT, Mostafa ME, Hemdan B, El-Sayed SM, Bakry A, Ebeed NM, Salah M, Elhariry H, Galal A. Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel waste and its application to inhibit foodborne pathogens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19469. [PMID: 37945578 PMCID: PMC10636021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolics have been predicted to effectively develop antimicrobial agents for the food industry as food additives and promote human health. This study aims to synthesize pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against eight foodborne pathogens. Multispectroscopic analysis of UV-vis spectroscopy, Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to characterize the interaction between PPE and AgNPs. Eight foodborne pathogenic strains (six bacterial and two fungal strains) Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 8379, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 00607, Salmonella typhi DSM 17058, Shigella sonnei DSM 5570, Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9643, and Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 96382 were used to test the inhibitory potential of PPW-AgNPs. The reaction colour of PPE-AgNPs from yellow to brown indicated that the nanoparticles were successfully formed. The UV absorption of PPE-AgNPs was detected at 440 nm of 0.9 SPR. SEM image of PPE-AgNPs exhibited spherical shapes with a zeta potential of - 20.1 mV. PPE-AgNPs showed high antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. The highest inhibition activity of PPE-AgNPs was recorded for the B. subtilis strain followed by K. pneumonia, while the highest resistance was noticed for R. oryzae. The components of pomegranate peel were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of pomegranate peel is phenol (51.1%), followed by Isocitronellol (19.41%) and 1-Propanol, 2-(2-hydroxypropyl)- (16.05%). PPE is key in the simple, eco-friendly green synthesis of extracellular stable AgNPs as an alternative source for harmful chemical disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Farouk
- Undergraduate student, Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Samah H Abu-Hussien
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
| | - Basma T Abd-Elhalim
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Reham M Mohamed
- Undergraduate student, Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Naira M Arabe
- Undergraduate student, Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A T Hussain
- Undergraduate student, Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Mostafa
- Undergraduate student, Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Bahaa Hemdan
- Environmental and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, 1266, Egypt
| | - Salwa M El-Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Bakry
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Ebeed
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Salah
- Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Prevention and Detection of Microbial and Chemicals Contamination in Food Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hesham Elhariry
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Galal
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
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9
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Mohammed YHI, Alghamdi S, Jabbar B, Marghani D, Beigh S, Abouzied AS, Khalifa NE, Khojali WMA, Huwaimel B, Alkhalifah DH, Hozzein WN. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Cymbopogon citratus Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32027-32042. [PMID: 37692252 PMCID: PMC10483526 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of antimicrobial medications including antibiotics has led to the emerging menace of antimicrobial resistance, which, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), is among the top ten public health threats facing humanity, globally. This necessitates that innovative technologies be sought that can aid in the elimination of pathogens and hamper the spread of infections. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has multifunctionality owing to its extraordinary physico-chemical properties and functionality in a range of applications. In this research, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from zinc nitrate hexahydrate, by a green synthesis approach using Cymbopogon citratus extract followed by characterization of the NPs. The obtained X-ray diffraction peaks of ZnO NPs matched with the standard JCPDS card (no. 89-510). The particles had a size of 20-24 nm, a wurtzite structure with a high crystallinity, and hexagonal rod-like shape. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption peaks between 369 and 374 nm of ZnO NPs synthesized from C. citratus extract confirming the formation of ZnO. Fourier transform infrared confirmed the ZnO NPs as strong absorption bands were observed in the range of 381-403 cm-1 corresponding to Zn-O bond stretching. Negative values of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital for ZnO NPs indicated the good potential to form a stable ligand-protein complex. Docking results indicated favorable binding interaction between ZnO and DNA gyrase subunit b with a binding energy of -2.93 kcal/mol. ZnO NPs at various concentrations inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of ZnO NPs against E. coli and S. aureus were found to be 92.07 ± 0.13 and 88.13 ± 0.35 μg/mL, respectively, at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. AO/EB staining and fluorescence microscopy revealed the ability of ZnO NPs to kill E. coli and S. aureus cells. Through the findings of this study, it has been shown that C. citratus extract can be used in a green synthesis approach to generate ZnO NPs, which can be employed as alternatives to antibiotics and a tool to eliminate drug-resistant microbes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Hussein Issa Mohammed
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Hajjah, Hajjah, Yemen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Science, University of Al-Razi, Al-Razi, Yemen
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory
Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Jabbar
- Centre
of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Dina Marghani
- Clinical
Laboratory Science Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Madina 344, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Beigh
- Department
of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-baha University, Al-baha 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr S. Abouzied
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization
for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12553, Egypt
| | - Nasrin E. Khalifa
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University
of Ha’il, Hail 24381, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Khartoum, Khartoum 13315, Sudan
| | - Weam M. A. Khojali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman 13315, Sudan
| | - Bader Huwaimel
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Medical
and Diagnostic Research Centre, University
of Ha’il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Hussien
M. Alkhalifah
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, B.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Botany
and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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10
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Hamdy E, Al-Askar AA, El-Gendi H, Khamis WM, Behiry SI, Valentini F, Abd-Elsalam KA, Abdelkhalek A. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Eriobotrya japonica Leaf Extract: Characterization, Insecticidal and Antibacterial Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2826. [PMID: 37570980 PMCID: PMC10421472 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have gained significant attention in nanotechnology due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including insecticidal and antibacterial activities. The ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized by Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract and characterized by various techniques such as UV-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. The results of SEM revealed that NPs were irregular and spherical-shaped, with a diameter between 5 and 27 nm. Meanwhile, DLS supported that the measured size distributions were 202.8 and 94.7 nm at 11.1° and 90.0°, respectively, which supported the polydisperse nature of NPs, and the corresponding zeta potential was -20.4 mV. The insecticidal activity of the produced ZnO-NPs was determined against the adult stage of coleopteran pests, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae). The LC50 values of ZnO-NPs against adults of S. oryzae and T. castaneum at 24 h of exposure were 7125.35 and 5642.65 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the LC90 values were 121,824.56 and 66,825.76 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against three potato bacterial pathogens, and the size of the inhibition zone was concentration-dependent. The data showed that the inhibition zone size increased with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles for all bacterial isolates tested. The highest inhibition zone was observed for Ralstonia solanacearum at a concentration of 5 µg/mL, followed by Pectobacterium atrosepticum and P. carotovorum. Eventually, ZnO-NPs could be successfully used as an influential agent in pest management programs against stored-product pests and potato bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Hamdy
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt;
| | - Wael M. Khamis
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Al-Sabhia, Alexandria 21616, Egypt;
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Franco Valentini
- Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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11
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Nikolova MP, Joshi PB, Chavali MS. Updates on Biogenic Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Therapy, Drug Delivery and Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1650. [PMID: 37376098 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ambition to combat the issues affecting the environment and human health triggers the development of biosynthesis that incorporates the production of natural compounds by living organisms via eco-friendly nano assembly. Biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have various pharmaceutical applications, such as tumoricidal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, antiviral, etc. When combined, bio-nanotechnology and drug delivery give rise to the development of various pharmaceutics with site-specific biomedical applications. In this review, we have attempted to summarize in brief the types of renewable biological systems used for the biosynthesis of metallic and metal oxide NPs and the vital contribution of biogenic NPs as pharmaceutics and drug carriers simultaneously. The biosystem used for nano assembly further affects the morphology, size, shape, and structure of the produced nanomaterial. The toxicity of the biogenic NPs, because of their pharmacokinetic behavior in vitro and in vivo, is also discussed, together with some recent achievements towards enhanced biocompatibility, bioavailability, and reduced side effects. Because of the large biodiversity, the potential biomedical application of metal NPs produced via natural extracts in biogenic nanomedicine is yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Nikolova
- Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Ruse "A. Kanchev", 8 Studentska Str., 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria
| | - Payal B Joshi
- Shefali Research Laboratories, 203/454, Sai Section, Ambernath (East), Mumbai 421501, Maharashtra, India
| | - Murthy S Chavali
- Office of the Dean (Research), Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University (MIT-WPU), Kothrud, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Rani N, Rawat K, Saini M, Yadav S, Syeda S, Saini K, Shrivastava A. Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study of Cisplatin Drug with Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles on Cervical Squamous Carcinoma (SiHa) Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14509-14519. [PMID: 37125098 PMCID: PMC10134227 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we aimed to develop a unique treatment approach to cure cervical cancer without harming healthy normal cells and overcome the limitations of currently available therapies/treatments. Recently, chemotherapeutics based on metal oxides have gained attention as a promising approach for treating cancer. Herein, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized with the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica. These green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were used for a cytotoxic study on the cervical squamous carcinoma cell line SiHa and murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Moreover, a hemolytic assay was performed to check the biocompatibility of ZnO nanoparticles. The biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles were labeled as L1, L2, L5, and L10 nanoparticles. Various assays like crystal violet, MTT assay, and AO/PI dual staining method were performed to assess the anticancer potential of ZnO. The concentration of ZnO nanoparticles was taken in the range of 100-250 μg/mL in the in vitro anticancer study on SiHa cancer cell lines. The findings of the MTT assay revealed that biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity against SiHa cancer cell lines dose-dependently at two incubation times (24 and 48 h). Also, a decrease in cell viability was observed with an increased concentration of ZnO. The IC50 values obtained were 141 μg/mL for L1, 132 μg/mL for L2, 127 μg/mL for L5, and 115 μg/mL for L10 nanoparticles. In addition, cisplatin drug (10 μg/mL) was also used to compare the anticancer activity with the biosynthesized L1, L2, L5, and L10 nanoparticles. The results of the crystal violet assay and AO/PI dual staining method revealed that morphological changes like cell shrinkage, poor cell adhesion, and induction of apoptosis occurred in the SiHa cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the stability of the ZnO nanoparticles at physiological pH has been assessed by recording the UV-visible spectrum at various pH values. Hence, the overall findings suggested that biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles can be utilized for cervical squamous cancer treatment in addition to the current treatment strategies/techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, Miranda House, University
of Delhi, Patel Chest
Marg, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kavita Rawat
- Department
of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mona Saini
- Department
of Chemistry, Miranda House, University
of Delhi, Patel Chest
Marg, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sapna Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Miranda House, University
of Delhi, Patel Chest
Marg, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department
of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kalawati Saini
- Department
of Chemistry, Miranda House, University
of Delhi, Patel Chest
Marg, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department
of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi 110007, India
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13
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Jha S, Rani R, Singh S. Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023; 33:1-16. [PMID: 37359387 PMCID: PMC10118236 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has inscribed novel perception into the material science and one of the most extensively used nanomaterials is Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with healthcare and biomedical applications. Because of its outstanding biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost, ZnO NPs have become one of the most prominent metal oxide NPs in biological applications. This review highlights the different aspects of ZnO NPs, like their green synthesis as a substitute of conventional route due to avoidance of threat of hazardous, costly precursors and subsequent mostly therapeutic applications. Due to their wide bandwidth and high excitation binding energy, ZnO NPs have undergone extensive research. In addition to their potential applications as antibiotics, antioxidants, anti-diabetics, and cytotoxic agents, ZnO NPs also hold a promising future as an antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Zn has antiviral properties and may be effective against a variety of respiratory virus species, particularly SARS-CoV-2. This review includes a variety of topics, including the virus's structural properties, an overview of infection mechanism, and current COVID-19 treatments. Nanotechnology-based techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Ritu Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001 India
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14
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Amin ZS, Afzal M, Ahmad J, Ahmed N, Zeshan B, Hashim NHHN, Yean CY. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Secondary Metabolites of Lentinula edodes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083532. [PMID: 37110765 PMCID: PMC10143259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are the second most prevalent metal oxide, owing to their characteristics of low cost, safe, and easily prepared. ZnO NPs have been found to exhibit unique properties which show their potential to be used in various therapies. Numerous techniques have been devised for the manufacture of zinc oxide because it is one of the nanomaterials that has received major research interest. Mushroom sources are proven to be efficient, ecologically friendly, inexpensive, and safe for humankind. In the current study, an aqueous fraction of methanolic extract of Lentinula edodes (L. edoes) was used to synthesize ZnO NPs. The biosynthesis of ZnO NPs was achieved by using the reducing and capping capability of an L. edodes aqueous fraction. Bioactive compounds from mushroom, such as flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds, are used in the green synthesis process to biologically reduce metal ions or metal oxides to metal NPs. Biogenically synthesized ZnO NPs were further characterized by using UV-Vis, FTIR, HPLC, XRD, SEM, EDX, zeta sizer and zeta potential analyses. The FTIR showed the functional group at the spectra in the range 3550-3200 cm-1 indicated the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group, while bands in the range 1720-1706 cm-1 indicated C=O carboxylic stretches bonds. Furthermore, the XRD pattern of ZnO NPs created in the current study was found to be nanocrystals which are hexagonal. The SEM analysis of ZnO NPs showed spherical shapes and size distributions in the range 90-148 nm. Biologically synthesized ZnO NPs have substantial biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential. Biological activities showed significant antioxidant (65.7 ± 1.09), antidiabetic (85.18 ± 0.48), and anti-inflammatory potential (86.45 ± 0.60) at 300 µg inhibition in paw inflammation of (1.1 ± 0.06) and yeast-induced pyrexia (97.4 ± 0.51) at 10 mg in a dose-dependent manner. The outcomes of this research indicated that ZnO NPs significantly reduced inflammation and have the ability to scavenge free radicals and prevent protein denaturation, while also indicating their possible use in food and nutraceutical applications to treat various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeemal Seemab Amin
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Avenue 1, Khayaban-e-Jinnah Road, Johar Town, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Avenue 1, Khayaban-e-Jinnah Road, Johar Town, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Education, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Basit Zeshan
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sandakan 90509, Malaysia
| | - Nik Haszroel Hysham Nik Hashim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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15
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Alhalili Z. Metal Oxides Nanoparticles: General Structural Description, Chemical, Physical, and Biological Synthesis Methods, Role in Pesticides and Heavy Metal Removal through Wastewater Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073086. [PMID: 37049850 PMCID: PMC10096196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology (NT) is now firmly established in both the private home and commercial markets. Due to its unique properties, NT has been fully applied within multiple sectors like pharmacy and medicine, as well as industries like chemical, electrical, food manufacturing, and military, besides other economic sectors. With the growing demand for environmental resources from an ever-growing world population, NT application is a very advanced new area in the environmental sector and offers several advantages. A novel template synthesis approach is being used for the promising metal oxide nanostructures preparation. Synthesis of template-assisted nanomaterials promotes a greener and more promising protocol compared to traditional synthesis methods such as sol-gel and hydrothermal synthesis, and endows products with desirable properties and applications. It provides a comprehensive general view of current developments in the areas of drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, agriculture, and remediation. In the field of wastewater treatment, we focus on the adsorption of heavy metals and persistent substances and the improved photocatalytic decomposition of the most common wastewater pollutants. The drinking water treatment section covers enhanced pathogen disinfection and heavy metal removal, point-of-use treatment, and organic removal applications, including the latest advances in pesticide removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahrah Alhalili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts-Sajir, Shaqra University, Sahqra 17684, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Al-Momani H, Al Balawi D, Hamed S, Albiss BA, Almasri M, AlGhawrie H, Ibrahim L, Al Balawi H, Al Haj Mahmoud S, Pearson J, Ward C. The impact of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Olea europaea (Common Olive) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5096. [PMID: 36991258 PMCID: PMC10060419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThere is a limitation in the range of effectual antibiotics due to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection due to its innate antimicrobial resistance. Researchers have therefore been concentrating their efforts to discover advanced and cost effective antibacterial agents among the ever-increasing PA bacterial resistance strains. It has been discovered that various nanoparticles can be employed as antimicrobial agents. Here, we evaluated the antibacterial properties of the Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which was biosynthesized, being examined on six hospital strains of PA alongside a reference strain (ATCC 27853). A chemical approach was applied to biosynthesize the ZnO NPs from Olea europaea was performed, and confirmed by using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopes. The nanoparticles then applied their antibacterial properties to examine them against six clinically isolated PA strains alongside the reference strain. This process tested for the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The Growth, biofilm formation and eradication were analyzed. The influence of the differentiating degrees ZnO NPs in regard to Quorom sensing gene expression were further examined. The ZnO NPs exhibited a crystalline size and diameter (Dc) of 40–60 nm and both the MIC and MBC tests revealed positive outcomes of concentrations of 3 and 6 mg/ml for each PA strain, respectively. At sub inhibitory concentration, The ZnO NPs were found to significantly inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of all PA strains and decreases in the biomass and metabolic behavior of PA established biofilms; these decreases varied depending on the dosage. At ZnO NPs concentrations of 900 µg/ml, the expression of majority of quorum sensing genes of all strains were significantly reduced, at ZnO NPs concentrations of 300 µg/ml, few genes were significantly impacted. In conclusion, the treatment of PA and could be other antibiotic resistant bacteria can therefore be approached by using ZnO NPs as it has been uncovered that they withhold advanced antibacterial properties.
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17
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Yassin MT, Elgorban AM, Al-Askar AA, Sholkamy EN, Ameen F, Maniah K. Synergistic Anticandidal Activities of Greenly Synthesized ZnO Nanomaterials with Commercial Antifungal Agents against Candidal Infections. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14010209. [PMID: 36677271 PMCID: PMC9865458 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The high occurrence of mycological resistance to conventional antifungal agents results in significant illness and death rates among immunodeficient patients. In addition, the underprivileged therapeutic results of conventional antifungal agents, besides the potential toxicity resulting from long term therapy necessitate the fabrication of efficient antimicrobial combinations. Hence, the objective of the present investigation is to synthesize, characterize and investigate the anticandidal action of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) formulated using Camellia sinensis leaf extract against three candidal pathogens. The eco-friendly synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized utilizing different physicochemical methods and their anticandidal potency was tested utilizing a disk diffusion assay. In this setting, the size of the biofabricated ZnO-NPs was detected using transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs, recording an average particle size of 19.380 ± 2.14 nm. In addition, zeta potential analysis revealed that the ZnO-NPs surface charge was -4.72 mV. The biogenic ZnO-NPs reveal the highest anticandidal activity against the C. tropicalis strain, demonstrating relative suppressive zones measured at 35.16 ± 0.13 and 37.87 ± 0.24 mm in diameter for ZnO-NPs concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/disk, respectively. Excitingly, Candida glabrata showed a high susceptibility to the biofabricated ZnO nanomaterials at both ZnO-NPs' concentrations (50 and 100 μg/disk) compared to the control. Moreover, the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs revealed potential synergistic effectiveness with nystatin and terbinafine antifungal agents against the concerned strains. The maximum synergistic efficiency was noticed against the C. glabrata strain, demonstrating relative synergistic percentages of 23.02 and 45.9%, respectively. The biogenic ZnO-NPs revealed no hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes revealing their biosafety and hemocompatibility. Finally, the high anticandidal effectiveness of biogenic ZnO-NPs against the concerned candidal pathogens, as well as potential synergistic patterns with conventional antifungal agents such as nystatin and terbinafine, emphasize the prospective application of these combinations for the fabrication of biocompatible and highly efficient antifungal agents.
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18
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Walunj P, Roy A, Jadhav V, Athare P, Dhaygude A, Aher J, Algethami JS, Lokhande D, Alqahtani MS, Bhagare A, Alghamdi S, Eltayeb LB, Al-Moraya IS, Yadav KK, Ahn Y, Jeon BH. Polyol-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles using the refluxing method as an efficient photocatalytic and antimicrobial agent. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177981. [PMID: 37152657 PMCID: PMC10154524 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have attracted more curiosity recently because of their wide-ranging application in environmental remediation and electronic devices. The current study focuses on zinc oxide nanoparticles' (ZnO NPs) simple production, characterization, and applications in several fields, including medicinal and photocatalytic degradation of dyes. The non-aqueous-based reflux method is helpful for ZnO NP synthesis; the procedure involves refluxing zinc acetate dihydrate precursor in ethylene glycol for 3 hours in the absence of sodium acetate, in which the refluxing rate and the cooling rate are optimized to get the desired phase, and the unique morphology of polyol-mediated ZnO NPs; it has been achieved using the capping agent TBAB (tetra-butyl ammonium bromide) and precursor zinc acetate dihydrate. UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and FESEM structurally characterized polyol-mediated ZnO-NPs. The results show that the material is pure and broadly aggregated into spherical nanoparticles with an average particle size of 18.09 nm. According to XRD analysis, heat annealing made the crystallites more prominent and favored a monocrystalline state. These results and the low cost of making polyol-mediated ZnO NPs demonstrate photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Walunj
- M. V. P. Samaj’s K. K. Wagh Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Pimpalgaon (B.), Nashik, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Arpita Roy, ; Arun Bhagare, ; Byong-Hun Jeon,
| | - Vikram Jadhav
- M. V. P. Samaj’s K. K. Wagh Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Pimpalgaon (B.), Nashik, India
| | - Pragati Athare
- M. V. P. Samaj’s K. K. Wagh Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Pimpalgaon (B.), Nashik, India
| | - Akshay Dhaygude
- M. V. P. Samaj’s K. K. Wagh Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Pimpalgaon (B.), Nashik, India
| | - Jayraj Aher
- Department of Chemistry, K. R. T. Arts, B. H. Commerce, and A. M. Science College, Nashik, India
| | - Jari S. Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dnyaneshwar Lokhande
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.P. Samaj’s K.P.G. Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Igatpuri, Nashik, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Bhagare
- M. V. P. Samaj’s K. K. Wagh Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Pimpalgaon (B.), Nashik, India
- *Correspondence: Arpita Roy, ; Arun Bhagare, ; Byong-Hun Jeon,
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University- Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yongtae Ahn
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Arpita Roy, ; Arun Bhagare, ; Byong-Hun Jeon,
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19
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Islam SU, Bairagi S, Kamali MR. Review on Green Biomass-Synthesized Metallic Nanoparticles and Composites and Their Photocatalytic Water Purification Applications: Progress and Perspectives. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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20
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Zahoor S, Sheraz S, Shams DF, Rehman G, Nayab S, Shah MIA, Ateeq M, Shah SK, Ahmad T, Shams S, Khan W. Biosynthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Senecio chrysanthemoides. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3280708. [PMID: 37082193 PMCID: PMC10113057 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3280708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has recently appeared as an important study subject in modern material sciences. Greener synthesis of nanoparticles has gained the attention of many scientists because of its integral characteristics such as effectiveness, eco-friendly, and low cost. In the present study by following the green synthesis approach, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were formed for the very first time by using Senecio chrysanthemoides leaf extract as a reducing agent. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to study the synthesized ZnO NPs, and the specific peak was found to be at 349 nm. The characteristic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) peak was found to be at 449 cm-1 which displays the peak of ZnO molecules. The surface morphology of the ZnO NPs was determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) study showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs are present at the weight percentage of 66.38%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum confirmed the hexagonal phase wurtzite structure, with the average particle size of 31 nm, and demonstrated the crystalline structure of ZnO NPs. Additionally, to all these experiments, we compared the anti-inflammatory properties of biogenic ZnO NPs to a standard drug. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs have revealed an effective anti-inflammatory activity at a higher concentration (100 mL-1) and showed 73% inhibition in comparison with diclofenac sodium drug. Zinc oxide was shown to be compatible with diclofenac sodium, according to the results. The ZnO NPs produced using the greener synthesis process have the potential to be used in a broad range of fields and also used as a good anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sheraz
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Dilawar Farhan Shams
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Saira Nayab
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Said Karim Shah
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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Sandulovici RC, Carmen-Marinela M, Grigoroiu A, Moldovan CA, Savin M, Ordeanu V, Voicu SN, Cord D, Costache GM, Galatanu ML, Popescu M, Sarbu I, Mati E, Ionescu LE, Neagu R, Ţucureanu V, Claudia RM, Mihalache I, Romanitan C, Piperea-Sianu A, Boldeiu A, Brincoveanu O, Manea CE, Firtat B, Muscalu GS, Dragomir D. The Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver/Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by "Green Synthesis" from Willow Bark and Their Formulations as Potential Innovative Pharmaceutical Substances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010048. [PMID: 36678545 PMCID: PMC9867178 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry is a pharmaceutical industry tool, which, when implemented correctly, can lead to a minimization in resource consumption and waste. An aqueous extract of Salix alba L. was employed for the efficient and rapid synthesis of silver/gold particle nanostructures via an inexpensive, nontoxic and eco-friendly procedure. The nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the best stability of up to one year in the solution obtained for silver nanoparticles without any chemical additives. A comparison of the antimicrobial effect of silver/gold nanoparticles and their formulations (hydrogels, ointments, aqueous solutions) showed that both metallic nanoparticles have antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, with silver-based hydrogels having particularly high antibiofilm efficiency. The highest antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies were obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when using silver nanoparticle hydrogels, with antibiofilm efficacies of over 75% registered. The hydrogels incorporating green nanoparticles displayed a 200% increased bacterial efficiency when compared to the controls and their components. All silver nanoparticle formulations were ecologically obtained by "green synthesis" and were shown to have an antimicrobial effect or potential as keratinocyte-acting pharmaceutical substances for ameliorating infectious psoriasis wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihailescu Carmen-Marinela
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.-M.); (L.E.I.)
| | - Alexandru Grigoroiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Aura Moldovan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Savin
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Ordeanu
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute for Medical-Military Research-Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Cord
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Mariana Popescu
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Sarbu
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Erand Mati
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Elena Ionescu
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute for Medical-Military Research-Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.-M.); (L.E.I.)
| | - Răzvan Neagu
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute for Medical-Military Research-Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasilica Ţucureanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rîmbu Mirela Claudia
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Mihalache
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Romanitan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Adina Boldeiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Brincoveanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elisabeta Manea
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Bogdan Firtat
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Stelian Muscalu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - David Dragomir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Haque S, Faidah H, Ashgar SS, Abujamel TS, Mokhtar JA, Almuhayawi MS, Harakeh S, Singh R, Srivastava N, Gupta VK. Green Synthesis of Zn(OH) 2/ZnO-Based Bionanocomposite using Pomegranate Peels and Its Application in the Degradation of Bacterial Biofilm. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3458. [PMID: 36234586 PMCID: PMC9565895 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability and potency of bacterial species to form biofilms, which show antibiotic resistance thereby avoiding antibiotic surfaces, is a major cause of prolonged infections. Various advanced approaches have been employed to prevent or damage bacterial biofilms, formed by a variety of bacterial strains, to help prevent the associated infectious disease. In this context, zinc-based nanostructures have been recognized as a potential antibiotic agent against a broad spectrum of bacterial communities. As a result, a sustainable and green synthesis method was adapted in the present study to synthesize a Zn(OH)2/ZnO-based bionanocomposite, in which aqueous extracts of waste pomegranate peels (Punica granatum) were employed as a natural bioreducing agent to prepare the bionanocomposite at room temperature. Furthermore, FT-IR, XRD, DLS, UV-Visible, PL spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the green route synthesized a Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite. The average crystallite size was determined using the Scherrer relation to be 38 nm, and the DLS results indicated that the Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite had a hydrodynamic size of 170 nm. On the other hand, optical properties investigated through UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy explored the energy bandgap between 2.80 and 4.46 eV, corresponding to the three absorption edges, and it covered the blue spectrum when the sample was excited at 370 nm. Furthermore, the impact of this green route synthesized a Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite on the biofilm degradation efficiency of the pathogenic bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF_1 using the Congored method was investigated. The Congored assay clearly explored the biofilm degradation efficiency in the presence of a 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL concentration of the Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite against the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF_1 grown for 24 h. This study can be further applied to the preparation of bionanocomposites following a low-cost green synthesis approach, and thus prepared nanostructures can be exploited as advanced antimicrobial agents, which could be of great interest to prevent various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami S. Ashgar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawahir A. Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Saad Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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23
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Biogenic Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Application as Bioactive Agents: A Critical Overview. REACTIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions3030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide is a safe material for humans, with high biocompatibility and negligible cytotoxicity. Interestingly, it shows exceptional antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., especially when reduced to the nanometer size. As it is easily understandable, thanks to its properties, it is at the forefront of safe antimicrobials in this pandemic era. Besides, in the view of the 2022 European Green Deal announced by the European Commission, even science and nanotechnology are moving towards “greener” approaches to the synthesis of nanoparticles. Among them, biogenic ZnO nanoparticles have been extensively studied for their biological applications and environmental remediation. Plants, algae, fungi, yeast, etc., (which are composed of naturally occurring biomolecules) play, in biogenic processes, an active role in the formation of nanoparticles with distinct shapes and sizes. The present review targets the biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, with a specific focus on their bioactive properties and antimicrobial application.
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A Study of Zn-Ca Nanocomposites and Their Antibacterial Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137258. [PMID: 35806263 PMCID: PMC9266431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop Ca2+ doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and investigate their antibacterial properties against microorganisms of dental interest. Zn-Ca NPs were synthesized by the sol-gel method with different concentrations of Ca2+ (1, 3, and 5 wt. %) and subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The Kirby–Bauer method was used to measure antibacterial effects. NPs showed the wurzite phase of ZnO and bandgap energies (Eg) from 2.99 to 3.04 eV. SEM analysis showed an average particle size of 80 to 160 nm. The treatments that presented the best antibacterial activity were Zn-Ca 3% and Zn-Ca 5%. ZnO NPs represent an alternative to generate and improve materials with antibacterial capacity for dental applications.
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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), Biosynthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Impact to Improve Shoot Growth and to Reduce Salt Toxicity on Salvia officinalis In Vitro Cultivated. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plant extracts have recently attracted considerable attention due to their environmental protection benefits and their easy and low cost of fabrication. In the current study, ZnO NPS were synthesized using the aqueous extract of Ochradenus arabicus as a capping and reducing agent. The obtained ZnO NPs were firstly characterized using ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray absorption (EDX), zeta potential, and zeta size. All these techniques confirmed the characteristic features of the biogenic synthesized ZnO NPs. Then, ZnO NPs were evaluated for their effects on morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters of Salvia officinalis cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0, 75, 100, and 150 mM of NaCl. The results showed that ZnO NPs at a dose of 10 mg/L significantly increased the shoot number, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of Salvia officinalis subjected or not to the salt stress. For the shoot length, a slight increase of 4.3% was recorded in the plant treated by 150 mM NaCl+10 mg/L ZnO NPs compared to the plant treated only with 150 mM of NaCl. On the other hand, without NaCl, the application of both concentrations 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L of ZnO NPs significantly improved the total chlorophyll content by 30.3% and 21.8%, respectively. Under 150 mM of NaCl, the addition of 10 mg/L of ZnO NPs enhanced the total chlorophyll by 1.5 times, whilst a slight decrease of total chlorophyll was recorded in the plants treated by 150 mM NaCl + 30 mg/L ZnO NPs. Additionally, ZnO NPs significantly enhance the proline accumulation and the antioxidative enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR) in plants under salinity. Our findings revealed that green synthesized ZnO NPs, especially at a dose of 10 mg/L, play a crucial role in growth enhancement and salt stress mitigation. Hence, this biosynthesized ZnO NPs at a concentration of 10 mg/L can be considered as effective nanofertilizers for the plants grown in salty areas.
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Facile Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Potential Synergistic Activity with Common Antifungal Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Candidal Strains. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs represents a global concern, contributing to high levels of morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Moreover, conventional antifungal medications have poor therapeutic outcomes, as well as possible toxicities resulting from long-term administration. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antifungal effectiveness of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against multidrug-resistant candidal strains. Biogenic ZnO NPs were characterized using physicochemical methods, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X ray (EDX) spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. UV spectral analysis revealed the formation of two absorption peaks at 367 and 506 nm, which preliminarily indicated the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs, whereas TEM analysis showed that ZnO NPs exhibited an average particle size of 22.84 nm. The EDX spectrum confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles free of impurities. The FTIR spectrum of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs showed different absorption peaks at 3427.99, 1707.86, 1621.50, 1424.16, 1325.22, 1224.67, 1178.22, 1067.69, 861.22, 752.97 and 574.11 cm−1, corresponding to various functional groups. The average zeta potential value of the ZnO NPs was −7.45 mV. XRD analysis revealed the presence of six diffraction peaks at 2θ = 31.94, 34.66, 36.42, 56.42, 69.54 and 76.94°. The biogenic ZnO NPs (100µg/disk) exhibited potent antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis strains, with suppressive zone diameters of 24.18 ± 0.32, 20.17 ± 0.56 and 26.35 ± 0.16 mm, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO NPs against C. tropicalis strain was found to be 10 μg/mL, whereas the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) was found to be 20 μg/mL. Moreover, ZnO NPs revealed a potential synergistic efficiency with fluconazole, nystatin and clotrimazole antifungal drugs against C. albicans strain, whereas terbinafine, nystatin and itraconazole antifungal drugs showed a potential synergism with ZnO NPs against C. glabrata as a multidrug-resistant strain. In conclusion, pomegranate peel extract mediated green synthesis of ZnO NPs with potential physicochemical features and antimicrobial activity. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs could be utilized for formulation of novel drug combinations to boost the antifungal efficiency of commonly used antifungal agents.
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A Review on Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Diverse Biomedical and Environmental Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been regarded as having important commercial utility. However, the potential toxicity of these nanomaterials has also been a crucial research concern. In this regard, an important solution for ensuring lower toxicity levels and thereby facilitating an unhindered application in human consumer products is the green synthesis of these particles. Although a naïve approach, the biological synthesis of metal oxide NPs using microorganisms and plant extracts opens up immense prospects for the production of biocompatible and cost-effective particles with potential applications in the healthcare sector. An important area that calls for attention is cancer therapy and the intervention of nanotechnology to improve existing therapeutic practices. Metal oxide NPs have been identified as therapeutic agents with an extended half-life and therapeutic index and have also been reported to have lesser immunogenic properties. Currently, biosynthesized metal oxide NPs are the subject of considerable research and analysis for the early detection and treatment of tumors, but their performance in clinical experiments is yet to be determined. The present review provides a comprehensive account of recent research on the biosynthesis of metal oxide NPs, including mechanistic insights into biological production machinery, the latest reports on biogenesis, the properties of biosynthesized NPs, and directions for further improvement. In particular, scientific reports on the properties and applications of nanoparticles of the oxides of titanium, cerium, selenium, zinc, iron, and copper have been highlighted. This review discusses the significance of the green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, with respect to therapeutically based pharmaceutical applications as well as energy and environmental applications, using various novel approaches including one-minute sonochemical synthesis that are capable of responding to various stimuli such as radiation, heat, and pH. This study will provide new insight into novel methods that are cost-effective and pollution free, assisted by the biodegradation of biomass.
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Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu Plum)-Mediated Bio-Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Anti-Lung Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum) is an Australian native plant that has recently gained the attention of researchers due to its highly antioxidant compounds that have substantial health benefits. To raise the value, in this study, it is used for the first time to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles for anti-lung cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. The formation of KKD-ZnO-NPs (ZnO particles obtained from Kakadu plum) were confirmed using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the functional groups that are responsible for the stabilization and capping of KKD-ZnO-NPs. The flower shape of the synthesized KKD-ZnO-NPs was confirmed by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and field emission-transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) analyses. The crystallites were highly pure and had an average size of 21.89 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed size range of polydisperse KKD-ZnO-NPs was 676.65 ± 47.23 nm with a PDI of 0.41 ± 0.0634. Furthermore, the potential cytotoxicity was investigated in vitro against human lung cancer cell lines (A549) and Raw 264.7 Murine macrophages cells as normal cells to ensure safety purposes using MTT assay. Thus, KKD-ZnO-NPs showed prominent cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) at 10 μg/mL and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well, which could promote toxicity to cancer cells. Moreover, upregulation of p53 and downregulation of bcl2 gene expression as apoptosis regulators were confirmed via RT-PCR. In addition, KKD-ZnO-NPs possess a similar capacity of reduction in proinflammatory-nitric oxide (NO) production when compared to the L-NMMA as inflammation’s inhibitor, indicating anti-inflammatory potential. Incorporation of Kakadu plum extract as reducing and stabilizing agents enabled the green synthesis of flower-shaped KKD-ZnO-NPs that could be an initiative development of effective cancer therapy drug.
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