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Pal S, Chatterjee N, Sinha Roy S, Chattopadhyay B, Acharya K, Datta S, Dhar P. Valorization of oil refinery by-products: production of sophorolipids utilizing fatty acid distillates and their potential antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and antifungal activities. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:344. [PMID: 39384621 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Starmerella bombicola is a native yeast strain producing sophorolipids as secondary metabolites. This study explores the production, characterization, and biological activities of sophorolipids and investigates the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and antifungal properties of sophorolipids produced from oil refinery wastes by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. The present work demonstrated that S. bombicola MTCC 1910 when grown in oil refinery wastes namely palm fatty acid distillates and soy fatty acid distillates enhanced the rate of sophorolipids production drastically in comparison to vegetable oil, sunflower oil used as hydrophobic feedstock. Sophorolipid yields were 18.14, 37.21, and 46.1 g/L with sunflower oil, palm, and soy fatty acid distillates respectively. The crude biosurfactants were characterized using TLC, FTIR, and HPLC revealing to be acetylated sophorolipids containing both the acidic and lactonic isomeric forms. The surface lowering and emulsifying properties of the sophorolipids from refinery wastes were significantly higher than the sunflower oil-derived sophorolipids. Also, all the sophorolipids exhibited strong antibacterial properties (minimum inhibitory concentrations were between 50 and 200 µg mL-1) against Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis and were validated with morphological analysis by Scanning electron microscopy. All the sophorolipids were potent biofilm inhibitors and eradicators (minimum biofilm inhibitory and eradication concentrations were between 12.5 to 1000 µg mL-1) for all the tested organisms. Furthermore, antifungal activities were also found to exhibit about 16-56% inhibition at 1 mg mL-1 for fungal mycelial growth. Therefore, this endeavour of sophorolipids production using palm and soy fatty acid distillates not only opens up a window for the bioconversion of industrial wastes into productive biosurfactants but also concludes that sophorolipids from oil refinery wastes are potent antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and antifungal agents, highlighting their potential in biotechnological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srija Pal
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata, 700027, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Rajabazar, Machuabazar, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata, 700027, West Bengal, India
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700 098, West Bengal, India
| | - Sagnik Sinha Roy
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Rd, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Brajadulal Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Rd, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Rd, Ballygunge, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sriparna Datta
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Rajabazar, Machuabazar, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata, 700027, West Bengal, India.
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700 098, West Bengal, India.
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Yuan Y, Zeng W. An Overview of Multifaceted Applications and the Future Prospects of Glyceroglycolipids in Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39373652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Glyceroglycolipids (GGLs) are a class of lipid molecules that contain a glycerol backbone and one or more carbohydrate moieties, giving them amphipathic properties with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. This amphipathic nature is fundamental for composing cell membrane lipid bilayers. These compounds are primarily distributed on the inner chloroplast membranes of plants and exhibit a unique structure with numerous biological activities. Moreover, GGLs play a pivotal role in photosynthesis and energy conversion in plants and effectively respond to environmental stressors. This Review discusses the distribution, synthesis pathways, and functions of GGLs in plants and describes the recent updates on various methods for extracting, isolating, and identifying GGLs. Finally, this Review discusses the biological activities of plant GGLs, including their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties, and highlights their potential applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. This Review provides insights into GGLs, offering research support for the application of these natural molecules in the realm of holistic health.
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Dhadwal S, Handa S, Chatterjee M, Banat IM. Sophorolipid: An Effective Biomolecule for Targeting Microbial Biofilms. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:388. [PMID: 39367190 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial aggregates encased in a matrix that is attached to biological or nonbiological surfaces and constitute serious problems in food, medical, and marine industries and can have major negative effects on both health and the economy. Biofilm's complex microbial community provides a resistant environment that is difficult to eradicate and is extremely resilient to antibiotics and sanitizers. There are various conventional techniques for combating biofilms, including, chemical removal, physical or mechanical removal, use of antibiotics and disinfectants to destroy biofilm producing organisms. In contrast to free living planktonic cells, biofilms are very resistant to these methods. Hence, new strategies that differ from traditional approaches are urgently required. Microbial world offers a wide range of effective "green" compounds such as biosurfactants. They outperform synthetic surfactants in terms of biodegradability, superior stabilization, and reduced toxicity concerns. They also have better antiadhesive and anti-biofilm capabilities which can be used to treat biofilm-related problems. Sophorolipids (SLs) are a major type of biosurfactants that have gained immense interest in the healthcare industries because of their antiadhesive and anti-biofilm properties. Sophorolipids may therefore prove to be attractive substances that can be used in biomedical applications as adjuvant to other antibiotics against some infections through growth inhibition and/or biofilm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunidhi Dhadwal
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector-25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shristi Handa
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector-25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector-25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
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Lourenço M, Duarte N, Ribeiro IAC. Exploring Biosurfactants as Antimicrobial Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1239. [PMID: 39338401 PMCID: PMC11434949 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is one of the most important global threats to human health. Several studies have been performed to overcome this problem and infection-preventive approaches appear as promising solutions. Novel antimicrobial preventive molecules are needed and microbial biosurfactants have been explored in that scope. Considering their structure, these biomolecules can be divided into different classes, glycolipids and lipopeptides being the most studied. Besides their antimicrobial activity, biosurfactants have the advantage of being biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic, which favor their application in several areas, including the health sector. Often, the most difficult infections to fight are associated with biofilm formation, particularly in medical devices. Strategies to overcome micro-organism attachment are thus emergent, and it is possible to take advantage of the antimicrobial/antibiofilm properties of biosurfactants to produce surfaces that are more resistant to the deposition/attachment of bacteria. Approaches such as the covalent bond of biosurfactants to the medical device surface leading to repulsive physical-chemical interactions or contact killing can be selected. Simpler strategies such as the absorption of biosurfactants on surfaces are also possible, eliminating micro-organisms in the vicinity. This review will focus on the physical and chemical characteristics of biosurfactants, their antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial/antibiofilm approaches, and finally on their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Isabel A. C. Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Bagheri AM, Mirzahashemi M, Salarpour S, Dehghnnoudeh Y, Banat IM, Ohadi M, Dehghannoudeh G. Potential anti-aging applications of microbial-derived surfactantsin cosmetic formulations. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39294002 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2393420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The skin aging process is a complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, such as chemical pollution and UV radiation. There is growing evidence that biosurfactants, especially those of microbial origin, have distinct age-supportive effects through different mechanisms, such as stimulation of fibroblast growth, high antioxidant capacities, and favorable anti-inflammatory properties. With a growing financial contribution of more than 15 m€per year, microbial surfactants (MSs) display unique biological effects on the skin including improved cell mobility, better nutrient access, and facilitated cellular growth under harsh conditions. Their biodegradable nature, unusual surface activity, good safety profile and tolerance to high temperature and pH variations widen their potential spectrum in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. MSs typically have lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) levels than chemical surfactants enhancing their effectiveness. As natural surfactants, MSs are considered possible "green" alternatives to synthetic surfactants with better biodegradability, sustainability, and beneficial functional properties. This review therefore aims to explore the potential impacts of MSs as anti-aging ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Bagheri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzahashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soodeh Salarpour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasmin Dehghnnoudeh
- Departeman of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Mandana Ohadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghannoudeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Basotra SD, Kumari Y, Vij M, Tyagi A, Sharma D, Bhattacharyya MS. ASLdC3: A Derivative of Acidic Sophorolipid Disrupts Mitochondrial Function, Induces ROS Generation, and Inhibits Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3185-3201. [PMID: 39093050 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections account for more than 140 million cases of severe and life-threatening conditions each year, causing approximately 1.7 million deaths annually. Candida albicans and related species are the most common human fungal pathogens, causing both superficial (mucosal and cutaneous) and life-threatening invasive infections (candidemia) with a 40-75% mortality rate. Among many virulence factors of Candida albicans, morphological transition from yeast to hyphae, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, and formation of biofilms are considered to be crucial for pathogenicity. However, the arsenals for the treatment against these pathogens are restricted to only a few classes of approved drugs, the efficacy of which is being compromised by host toxicity, fungistatic activity, and the emergence of drug resistance. In this study, we have described the development of a molecule, exhibiting excellent antifungal activity (MIC 8 μg/mL), by tailoring acidic sophorolipids with aryl alcohols via enzyme catalysis. This novel derivative, ASLdC3, is a surface-active compound that lowers the surface tension of the air-water interface up to 2-fold before reaching the critical micelle concentration of 25 μg/mL. ASLdC3 exhibits excellent antibiofilm properties against Candida albicans and other nonalbicans Candida species. The molecule primarily exhibits its antifungal activity by perturbing mitochondrial function through the alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS damages fungal cell membrane function and cell wall integrity, eventually leading to cell death. ASLdC3 was found to be nontoxic in in vitro assay and nonhemolytic. Besides, it does not cause toxicity in the C. elegans model. Our study provides a valuable foundation for the potential of acidic sophorolipid as a nontoxic, biodegradable precursor for the design and synthesis of novel molecules for use as antimicrobial drugs as well as for other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandal Deep Basotra
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Yachna Kumari
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mansi Vij
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Arpit Tyagi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- GN Ramachandran Protein Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- GN Ramachandran Protein Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Mani Shankar Bhattacharyya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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Kumari S, Kumari A, Dhiman A, Mihooliya KN, Raje M, Prasad GS, Pinnaka AK. Unveiling the potential of novel Metschnikowia yeast biosurfactants: triggering oxidative stress for promising antifungal and anticancer activity. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:245. [PMID: 39261862 PMCID: PMC11389333 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sophorolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants with potential antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer applications, rendering them promising for research. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that sophorolipids may have a notable impact on disrupting membrane integrity and triggering the production of reactive oxygen species, ultimately resulting in the eradication of pathogenic microbes. RESULTS The current study resulted in the isolation of two Metschnikowia novel yeast strains. Sophorolipids production from these strains reached maximum yields of 23.24 g/l and 21.75 g/l, respectively, at the bioreactors level. Biosurfactants sophorolipids were characterized using FTIR and LC-MS techniques and found to be a mixture of acidic and lactonic forms with molecular weights of m/z 678 and 700. Our research elucidated sophorolipids' mechanism in disrupting bacterial and fungal membranes through ROS generation, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and FACS analysis. The results showed that these compounds disrupted the membrane integrity and induced ROS production, leading to cell death in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Fusarium solani. In addition, the anticancer properties of sophorolipids were investigated on the A549 lung cancer cell line and found that sophorolipid-11D (SL-11D) and sophorolipid-11X (SL-11X) disrupted the actin cytoskeleton, as evidenced by immunofluorescence microscopy. The A549 cells were stained with Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide, which showed that they underwent necrosis. This was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis using Annexin/PI staining. The SL-11D and SL-11X molecules exhibited low levels of haemolytic activity and in-vitro cytotoxicity in HEK293, Caco-2, and L929 cell lines. CONCLUSION In this work, novel yeast species CIG-11DT and CIG-11XT, isolated from the bee's gut, produce significant yields of sophorolipids without needing secondary oil sources, indicating a more economical production method. Our research shows that sophorolipids disrupt bacterial and fungal membranes via ROS production. They suggest they may act as chemo-preventive agents by inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells, offering the potential for enhancing anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeeta Kumari
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Alka Kumari
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | | | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - G S Prasad
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pinnaka
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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Rajendran DS, Venkataraman S, Jha SK, Chakrabarty D, Kumar VV. A review on bio-based polymer polylactic acid potential on sustainable food packaging. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1759-1788. [PMID: 38752115 PMCID: PMC11091039 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) stands as a compelling alternative to conventional plastic-based packaging, signifying a notable shift toward sustainable material utilization. This comprehensive analysis illuminates the manifold applications of PLA composites within the realm of the food industry, emphasizing its pivotal role in food packaging and preservation. Noteworthy attributes of PLA composites with phenolic active compounds (phenolic acid and aldehyde, terpenes, carotenoid, and so on) include robust antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, significantly enhancing its capability to bolster adherence to stringent food safety standards. The incorporation of microbial and synthetic biopolymers, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, oils, proteins and peptides to PLA in packaging solutions arises from its inherent non-toxicity and outstanding mechanical as well as thermal resilience. Functioning as a proficient film producer, PLA constructs an ideal preservation environment by merging optical and permeability traits. Esteemed as a pioneer in environmentally mindful packaging, PLA diminishes ecological footprints owing to its innate biodegradability. Primarily, the adoption of PLA extends the shelf life of products and encourages an eco-centric approach, marking a significant stride toward the food industry's embrace of sustainable packaging methodologies. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Jha
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Disha Chakrabarty
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
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Kobayashi Y, Li Q, Ushimaru K, Hirota M, Morita T, Fukuoka T. Updated component analysis method for naturally occurring sophorolipids from Starmerella bombicola. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:296. [PMID: 38607413 PMCID: PMC11009742 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are promising glycolipid biosurfactants as they are easily produced and functional. SLs from microorganisms are comprised of mixtures of multiple derivatives that have different structures and properties, including well-known acidic and lactonic SL (ASLs and LSLs, respectively). In this study, we established a method for analyzing all SL derivatives in the products of Starmerella bombicola, a typical SL-producing yeast. Detailed component analyses of S. bombicola products were carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Methanol was used as the eluent as it is a good solvent for all SL derivatives. With this approach, it was possible to not only quantify the ratio of the main components of ASL, LSL, and SL glycerides but also confirm trace components such as SL mono-glyceride and bola-form SL (sophorose at both ends); notably, this is the first time these components have been isolated and identified successfully in naturally occurring SLs. In addition, our results revealed a novel SL derivative in which a fatty acid is bonded in series to the ASL, which had not been reported previously. Using the present analysis method, it was possible to easily track compositional changes in the SL components during culture. Our results showed that LSL and ASL are produced initially and that SL glycerides accumulate from the middle stage during the fermentation process. KEY POINTS: • An easy and detailed component analysis method for sophorolipids (SLs) is introduced. • Multiple SL derivatives were identified different from known SLs. • A novel hydrophobic acidic SL was isolated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kobayashi
- Allied Carbon Solutions Co., Ltd., 847-1 Ozuwa, Numazu, Shizuoka, 410-0873, Japan
| | - Qiushi Li
- Allied Carbon Solutions Co., Ltd., 847-1 Ozuwa, Numazu, Shizuoka, 410-0873, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ushimaru
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Allied Carbon Solutions Co., Ltd., 847-1 Ozuwa, Numazu, Shizuoka, 410-0873, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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Miao Y, To MH, Siddiqui MA, Wang H, Lodens S, Chopra SS, Kaur G, Roelants SLKW, Lin CSK. Sustainable biosurfactant production from secondary feedstock-recent advances, process optimization and perspectives. Front Chem 2024; 12:1327113. [PMID: 38312346 PMCID: PMC10834756 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1327113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants have garnered increased attention lately due to their superiority of their properties over fossil-derived counterparts. While the cost of production remains a significant hurdle to surpass synthetic surfactants, biosurfactants have been anticipated to gain a larger market share in the coming decades. Among these, glycolipids, a type of low-molecular-weight biosurfactant, stand out for their efficacy in reducing surface and interfacial tension, which made them highly sought-after for various surfactant-related applications. Glycolipids are composed of hydrophilic carbohydrate moieties linked to hydrophobic fatty acid chains through ester bonds that mainly include rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids, sophorolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids. This review highlights the current landscape of glycolipids and covers specific glycolipid productivity and the diverse range of products found in the global market. Applications such as bioremediation, food processing, petroleum refining, biomedical uses, and increasing agriculture output have been discussed. Additionally, the latest advancements in production cost reduction for glycolipid and the challenges of utilizing second-generation feedstocks for sustainable production are also thoroughly examined. Overall, this review proposes a balance between environmental advantages, economic viability, and societal benefits through the optimized integration of secondary feedstocks in biosurfactant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Miao
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Ming Ho To
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmar Siddiqui
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Sofie Lodens
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shauhrat S Chopra
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Guneet Kaur
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie L K W Roelants
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
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Liu F, Greenwood AI, Xiong Y, Miceli RT, Fu R, Anderson KW, McCallum SA, Mihailescu M, Gross R, Cotten ML. Host Defense Peptide Piscidin and Yeast-Derived Glycolipid Exhibit Synergistic Antimicrobial Action through Concerted Interactions with Membranes. JACS AU 2023; 3:3345-3365. [PMID: 38155643 PMCID: PMC10751773 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Developing new antimicrobials as alternatives to conventional antibiotics has become an urgent race to eradicate drug-resistant bacteria and to save human lives. Conventionally, antimicrobial molecules are studied independently even though they can be cosecreted in vivo. In this research, we investigate two classes of naturally derived antimicrobials: sophorolipid (SL) esters as modified yeast-derived glycolipid biosurfactants that feature high biocompatibility and low production cost; piscidins, which are host defense peptides (HDPs) from fish. While HDPs such as piscidins target the membrane of pathogens, and thus result in low incidence of resistance, SLs are not well understood on a mechanistic level. Here, we demonstrate that combining SL-hexyl ester (SL-HE) with subinhibitory concentration of piscidins 1 (P1) and 3 (P3) stimulates strong antimicrobial synergy, potentiating a promising therapeutic window. Permeabilization assays and biophysical studies employing circular dichroism, NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction are performed to investigate the mechanism underlying this powerful synergy. We reveal four key mechanistic features underlying the synergistic action: (1) P1/3 binds to SL-HE aggregates, becoming α-helical; (2) piscidin-glycolipid assemblies synergistically accumulate on membranes; (3) SL-HE used alone or bound to P1/3 associates with phospholipid bilayers where it induces defects; (4) piscidin-glycolipid complexes disrupt the bilayer structure more dramatically and differently than either compound alone, with phase separation occurring when both agents are present. Overall, dramatic enhancement in antimicrobial activity is associated with the use of two membrane-active agents, with the glycolipid playing the roles of prefolding the peptide, coordinating the delivery of both agents to bacterial surfaces, recruiting the peptide to the pathogenic membranes, and supporting membrane disruption by the peptide. Given that SLs are ubiquitously and safely used in consumer products, the SL/peptide formulation engineered and mechanistically characterized in this study could represent fertile ground to develop novel synergistic agents against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Alexander I. Greenwood
- Department
of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Yawei Xiong
- Department
of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Rebecca T. Miceli
- Department
of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Riqiang Fu
- Center
of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Kyle W. Anderson
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Scott A. McCallum
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Mihaela Mihailescu
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Richard Gross
- Department
of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Myriam L. Cotten
- Department
of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
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12
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Abdel-Latif GA, Al-Kashef AS, Nooman MU, Khattab AENA, Gebril SM, Elmongy NF, Abbas SS. The mechanistic interplay between Nrf-2, NF-κB/MAPK, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and autophagy in the hepatoprotective effects of Sophorolipids produced by microbial conversion of banana peels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114119. [PMID: 37944788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent which causes serious adverse effects due to multiple organ damage, including cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. The mechanism of DOX-induced organ toxicity might be attributed to oxidative stress (OS) and, consequently, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, apoptosis, and blockage of autophagy. Sophorolipids (SLs) as a glycolipid type of biosurfactants, are natural products that have unique properties and a wide range of applications attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AIMS Production of low-cost SLs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on banana peels and investigating their possible protective effects against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. MAIN METHODS The yeast was locally isolated and molecularly identified, then the yielded SLs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and LC-MS/MS spectra. Posteriorly, thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; control (oral saline), SLs (200 mg/kg, p.o), DOX (10 mg/kg; i.p.), and SL + DOX (200 mg/kg p.o.,10 mg/kg; i.p., respectively). Liver function tests (LFTs), oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptosis as well as autophagy markers were investigated. KEY FINDINGS SLs were produced with a yield of 49.04% and treatment with SLs improved LFTs, enhanced Nrf2 and suppressed NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, p38, caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio in addition to promotion of autophagy when compared to DOX group. SIGNIFICANCE Our results revealed a novel promising protective effect of SLs against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt; Translational and Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amr S Al-Kashef
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed U Nooman
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abd El-Nasser A Khattab
- Genetics & Cytology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Gebril
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt; Translational and Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
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13
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Lethcoe K, Fox CA, Hafiane A, Kiss RS, Ryan RO. Isolation of recombinant apolipoprotein E4 N-terminal domain by foam fractionation. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 210:106319. [PMID: 37290717 PMCID: PMC10330888 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E functions in lipoprotein metabolism as a low density lipoprotein receptor ligand. ApoE is comprised of two structural domains, a 22 kDa N-terminal (NT) domain that adopts a helix bundle conformation and a 10 kDa C-terminal domain with strong lipid binding affinity. The NT domain is capable of transforming aqueous phospholipid dispersions into discoidal reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) particles. Given the utility of apoE-NT as a structural component of rHDL, expression studies were conducted. A plasmid construct encoding a pelB leader sequence fused to the N-terminus of human apoE4 (residues 1-183) was transformed into Escherichia coli. Upon expression, the fusion protein is directed to the periplasmic space where leader peptidase cleaves the pelB sequence, generating mature apoE4-NT. In shaker flask expression cultures, apoE4-NT escapes the bacteria and accumulates in the medium. In a bioreactor setting, however, apoE4-NT was found to combine with gas and liquid components in the culture medium to generate large quantities of foam. When this foam was collected in an external vessel and collapsed into a liquid foamate, analysis revealed that apoE4-NT was the sole major protein present. The product protein was further isolated by heparin affinity chromatography (60-80 mg/liter bacterial culture), shown to be active in rHDL formulation, and documented to serve as an acceptor of effluxed cellular cholesterol. Thus, foam fractionation provides a streamlined process to produce recombinant apoE4-NT for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lethcoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Colin A Fox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert S Kiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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14
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Yap WH, Goh BH. Editorial: Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research on Application in Food and Health. Molecules 2023; 28:5089. [PMID: 37446751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofunctional molecules with pharmacological activities are reported in various fields of application, including in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, agriculture, and food industries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Adu SA, Twigg MS, Naughton PJ, Marchant R, Banat IM. Glycolipid Biosurfactants in Skincare Applications: Challenges and Recommendations for Future Exploitation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114463. [PMID: 37298939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The 21st century has seen a substantial increase in the industrial applications of glycolipid biosurfactant technology. The market value of the glycolipid class of molecules, sophorolipids, was estimated to be USD 409.84 million in 2021, with that of rhamnolipid molecules projected to reach USD 2.7 billion by 2026. In the skincare industry, sophorolipid and rhamnolipid biosurfactants have demonstrated the potential to offer a natural, sustainable, and skin-compatible alternative to synthetically derived surfactant compounds. However, there are still many barriers to the wide-scale market adoption of glycolipid technology. These barriers include low product yield (particularly for rhamnolipids) and potential pathogenicity of some native glycolipid-producing microorganisms. Additionally, the use of impure preparations and/or poorly characterised congeners as well as low-throughput methodologies in the safety and bioactivity assessment of sophorolipids and rhamnolipids challenges their increased utilisation in both academic research and skincare applications. This review considers the current trend towards the utilisation of sophorolipid and rhamnolipid biosurfactants as substitutes to synthetically derived surfactant molecules in skincare applications, the challenges associated with their application, and relevant solutions proposed by the biotechnology industry. In addition, we recommend experimental techniques/methodologies, which, if employed, could contribute significantly to increasing the acceptance of glycolipid biosurfactants for use in skincare applications while maintaining consistency in biosurfactant research outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simms A Adu
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Matthew S Twigg
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Patrick J Naughton
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Roger Marchant
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
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