1
|
Sharma I, Rackemann D, Deshan ADK, Atanda L, Baker A, Doherty WOS, Moghaddam L, Shi C. Selective depolymerization of sugarcane bagasse anaerobic digestate to highly stable phenols-rich bio-oil with the iron-doped K-feldspar catalyst. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 172:11-24. [PMID: 37708808 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable implementation of thermochemical conversion of biomass to targeted products is dependent on innovations in catalyst design and tuning of structure-property relationships. This study details the use of potassium feldspar (K-feldspar) as a support doped with different iron (Fe) concentrations via wet impregnation (WI) method for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sugarcane bagasse anaerobic digestate. The Fe/K-feldspar supported catalysts were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller and Scanning Electron Microscopy analytical methods. Amongst all the catalysts, K-feldspar dopped with 10 wt% Fe (WI-10) was more effective, producing 51.2 wt% bio-crude. The catalyst's activity has been related to the balanced proportion of the microcline: sanidine: haematite (2.8:3.3:1) phases of Fe present on the catalyst, the surface area (porosity), and the surface functionality, thus conferring desirable activity properties. In addition, the WI-10 catalyst had a better selectivity towards substituted phenols that can potentially be used for higher-value applications such as the production of Nylons 6 and 66, and bioplastics. The bio-oil produced with WI-10 has also been demonstrated to be highly stable. The catalyst was reusable up to four times maintaining moderate catalytic performance, and a simple regeneration protocol was shown to restore the activity of the catalyst. The resulting solid residue also exhibited promise as a viable material for use in electrodes for Lithium-ion batteries (LiB). Therefore, this research has demonstrated a promising and sustainable resource recovery strategy for valorising wet biomass wastes into streams of useful products for valuable chemical production and energy application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Darryn Rackemann
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Athukoralalage Don K Deshan
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Luqman Atanda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; SLR Consulting Australia Pty Ltd, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Adrian Baker
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - William O S Doherty
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Doherty Consulting Services, 3 Lillydale, Place, Calamvale, Brisbane, QLD 4116, Australia
| | - Lalehvash Moghaddam
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Changrong Shi
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hamaura J, Hori H, Fujishima A, Mukae H. Efficient Mineralization of Fluoroelastomers Using Superheated Water in the Presence of Potassium Hydroxide. Molecules 2023; 28:7057. [PMID: 37894535 PMCID: PMC10608947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralization of fluoroelastomers (FKMs) in superheated water in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was investigated with the aim of developing a methodology for recycling the fluorine element. Two FKMs-an "uncrosslinked FKM", representing a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (poly(VDF-co-HFP)) copolymer with a VDF/HFP molar ratio of 78/22 and a "crosslinked FKM" consisting of this copolymer (cured by peroxide) and carbon black-were treated. The fluorine content of these FKMs was efficiently transformed into F- ions in the reaction solution using low KOH concentrations (0.10-0.50 M) at 200-250 °C. When the uncrosslinked or crosslinked FKMs reacted with aqueous KOH (0.20 M) at a rather low temperature (200 °C) for 18 h, the fluorine content of these FKMs was completely mineralized (both F- yields were 100%). Although the crosslinked FKM contained carbon black, the fluorine mineralization of the FKM was not inhibited. The addition of Ca(OH)2 to the reaction solutions after the superheated water treatment at 250 °C for 6 h with aqueous KOH (0.50 M) led to the production of pure CaF2, identified using X-ray spectroscopy, with 100% and 93% yields for the uncrosslinked and crosslinked FKMs, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hamaura
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hisao Hori
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Ayane Fujishima
- Technology Innovation Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu 566-8585, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Mukae
- Technology Innovation Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu 566-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sheka EF. A Neoteric View of sp2 Amorphous Carbon. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101648. [PMID: 37242064 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Presented is a concentrated synopsis of facilities of empirical and virtual analytics that, once applied, have provided a fully new vision of sp2 amorphous carbons. This study proved that the solids are multilevel structures, started with the first-level basic structural units (BSUs) and accomplished as macroscopic agglomerates of globular structures, consisting, in its turn, of stacked BSUs. BSUs present necklaced graphene molecules, size, and shape of which are governed by the relevant graphene domains while chemical composition in addition to basic carbon is controlled with heteroatoms of the necklaces. This study shows that BSUs and stacks of BSUs determine the short-range order of the solids and are the main subject of the applied analytics. The synopsis consists of two parts related to empirical and virtual analytics. The former is composed of sections related to structural determination, total and atomic chemical content evaluation and elicitation of the covalent bond composition. The second presents new analytic approaches based on the Digital Twins concept and virtual vibrational spectrometry. The synopsis is configured as an atlas composed of generalized pictures accompanied with necessary explanations to be discussed in detail in the extended references.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Sheka
- Institute of Physical Researches and Technology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mendis A, Thambiliyagodage C, Ekanayake G, Liyanaarachchi H, Jayanetti M, Vigneswaran S. Fabrication of Naturally Derived Chitosan and Ilmenite Sand-Based TiO2/Fe2O3/Fe-N-Doped Graphitic Carbon Composite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue under Sunlight. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073154. [PMID: 37049917 PMCID: PMC10096480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of chitosan and ilmenite sand-based novel photocatalysts through the catalytic graphitization of chitosan is reported. Nanocomposites consisted of TiO2, Fe2O3 and Fe nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon framework. The surface area, pore volume and macropore structure of the carbon matrix is disturbed by the heterogeneously distributed nanoparticles. The extent of graphitization expanded with increasing metal loading as indicated by variation in the ID/IG ratio. The nanomaterial’s surface consists of Fe3+ and Ti4+, and graphitic, pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen were found in the carbon matrix. The band gap values of the composites varied in the 2.06–2.26 eV range. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanomaterials was determined, and the highest rate constant for the photodegradation of methylene blue under sunlight was 4.4 × 10−3 min−1, which resulted with 10 mg/L MB and 25 mg of the best-performing catalyst. The rate constant rose with increasing concentrations of persulfate added to the medium. The rate constant greatly diminished with the addition of isopropyl alcohol as it scavenged hydroxyl radicals. The presence of co-pollutants including Pb2+, rhodamine B, PO43− and Cl− curtailed the rate of reaction. The activity reduced with an increasing number of uses of the catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amavin Mendis
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Charitha Thambiliyagodage
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Geethma Ekanayake
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Heshan Liyanaarachchi
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Madara Jayanetti
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Operating Parameters and Feed Gas Compositions on the Dry Reforming of Methane over the Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of operating parameters such as reaction temperature, space velocity, and feed gas composition on the performance of the methane dry-reforming reaction (DRM) over the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst are systemically investigated. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, which is synthesized by conventional wet impregnation, showed well-developed mesoporosity with well-dispersed Ni nanoparticles. CH4 and CO2 conversions over the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst are dramatically increased as both the reaction temperature is increased, and space velocity is decreased. The feed gas composition, especially the CO2/CH4 ratio, significantly influences the DRM performance, catalyst deactivation and the reaction behavior of side reactions. When the CO2-rich gas composition (CO2/CH4 > 1) was used, a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction significantly occurred, leading to the consumption of hydrogen produced from DRM. The CH4-rich gas composition (CO2/CH4 < 1) induces severe carbon depositions followed by a reverse Boudouard reaction, resulting in catalytic activity drastically decreasing at the beginning followed by a stable conversion. The catalyst after the DRM reaction with a different feed ratio was analyzed to investigate the amount and structure of carbon deposited on the catalyst. In this study, we suggested that the optimal DRM reaction conditions can achieve stable performances in terms of conversion, hydrogen production and long-term stability.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Huang B, Ji Y, Yu Y, Gao X, Zhang Z, Fei HF. Porous Carbon Nanofiber Flexible Membranes via a Bottlebrush Copolymer Template for Enhanced High-Performance Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5644-5656. [PMID: 36689682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a method to construct ordered hierarchical porous structures in carbon nanofiber membranes using poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polydimethylsiloxane bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) as templates. The BBCPs self-assemble into a spherical morphology driven by small-molecule hydrogen bond donors which act as bridges between carbon precursors and templates to promote uniform dispersion of the templates. We successfully obtained flexible, self-supporting, and porous carbon nanofiber membranes (PCNFs) with high porosity. Then, a supercapacitor electrode was independently prepared using PCNFs as an active substance without infiltrating any conductive agents or binders. The PCNFs exhibit excellent performance with a capacitance of 234.1 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 owing to the abundant hierarchical porous structures and high content of nitrogen and oxygen elements internally. The aqueous symmetric supercapacitor prepared using PCNFs electrodes maintains more than 95% capacitance retention after 55,000 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, the capacitance retention reaches up to 67.72% at a current density of 50 A g-1 (compared to 1 A g-1), exhibiting excellent cycling stability and rate capability. Based on the excellent electrochemical performance and flexible self-supporting ability of PCNFs, this work is expected to facilitate the development of flexible displays, flexible sensors, wearable devices, and electrocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiyin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Feng Fei
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moseenkov SI, Kuznetsov VL, Zolotarev NA, Kolesov BA, Prosvirin IP, Ishchenko AV, Zavorin AV. Investigation of Amorphous Carbon in Nanostructured Carbon Materials (A Comparative Study by TEM, XPS, Raman Spectroscopy and XRD). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1112. [PMID: 36770119 PMCID: PMC9919804 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous carbon (AC) is present in the bulk and on the surface of nanostructured carbon materials (NCMs) and exerts a significant effect on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of NCMs. Thus, the determination of AC in NCMs is extremely important for controlling the properties of a wide range of materials. In this work, a comparative study of the effect of heat treatment on the structure and content of amorphous carbon in deposited AC film, nanodiamonds, carbon black and multiwalled carbon nanotube samples was carried out by TEM, XPS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that the use of the 7-peak model for fitting the Raman spectra makes it possible not only to isolate the contribution of the modes of amorphous carbon but also to improve the accuracy of fitting the fundamental G and D2 (D) modes and obtain a satisfactory convergence between XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The use of this model for fitting the Raman spectra of deposited AC film, ND, CB and MWCNT films demonstrated its validity and effectiveness for investigating the amorphous carbon in various carbon systems and its applicability in comparative studies of other NCMs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Savosteenko G, Taskaev S, Avramov P. Structure and Raman Spectra of Exotic Carbon Microcrystals from Meteoritic Dust of Chelyabinsk Superbolide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010073. [PMID: 36615983 PMCID: PMC9823670 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Chelyabinsk superbolide, the largest in XXI century, which exploded on 15 February 2013 over snowy fields of Southern Urals was a historic event not just only because of its massive scale and explosive power. High-temperature, high-pressure conditions in the front shock wave caused intense ablation of the asteroid material and formation of huge amount of meteoritic dust dispersed in the atmosphere during the flyby. Massive snowfalls just few days before and after the event conserved precipitated meteoritic dust in thin layer of snow which was collected and studied later. The most intriguing and challenging material discovered in the dust was closed-shell 10−70 µm exotic polygonal graphitic carbon microcrystals of undisclosed nature. Using optical and electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy the atomic structure of closed-shell microcrystals was thoroughly studied and their graphitic nature was revealed. It was found that some of the particles formed by multilayer graphitic polygonal shells have extensive hollows inside. Comparative microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of meteorite exotic carbon microcrystals with different graphite species, carbon onions, and diamond revealed two distinctively different closed-shell carbon particles. The first type of the particles can be attributed to carbon onions with characteristic graphite nanocrystalline basic structural units (BSU) of 49 nm lateral size and less and, probably, BSU heteroatomic termination necklace with oxygen content comparable to 1.1% and more. It was shown that the second type of unique graphitic carbon particles of a convex shape and perfect hexagonal symmetry with lateral dimensions of 14 µm correspond to multiply twinned closed-shell graphite microcrystals with polyhexacyclooctadecane (−C18−)n core wrapped by multiple layers of carbon honeycombs with low (<1%) content of oxygen termination necklace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Savosteenko
- Physical Department, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk 454001, Russia
| | - Sergey Taskaev
- Physical Department, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk 454001, Russia
- Energy Efficiency Research and Education Center, University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Pavel Avramov
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sheka EF. Digital Twins Solve the Mystery of Raman Spectra of Parental and Reduced Graphene Oxides. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234209. [PMID: 36500834 PMCID: PMC9741444 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Digital Twins concept presents a new trend in virtual material science, common to all computational techniques. Digital twins, virtual devices and intellectual products, presenting the main constituents of the concept, are considered in detail on the example of a complex problem, which concerns an amazing identity of the D-G-doublet Raman spectra of parental and reduced graphene oxides. Digital twins, presenting different aspects of the GO and rGO structure and properties, were virtually synthesized using a spin-density algorithm emerging from the Hartree-Fock approximation. Virtual device presents AM1 version of the semi-empirical unrestricted HF approximation. The equilibrium structure of the twins as well as virtual one-phonon harmonic spectra of IR absorption and Raman scattering constitute a set of intellectual products. It was established that in both cases the D-G doublets owe their origin to the sp3 and sp2 C-C stretchings, respectively. This outwardly similar community reveals different grounds. Thus, multilayer packing of individual rGO molecules in stacks provides the existence of the sp3 D band in addition to sp2 G one. The latter is related to stretchings of the main pool of sp2 C-C bonds, while the sp3 constituent presents out-of-plane stretchings of dynamically stimulated interlayer bonds. In the GO case, the sp3 D component, corresponding to stretchings of the main pool of sp3 C-C bonds, is accompanied by an sp2 G component, which is related to stretchings of the remaining sp2 C-C bonds provided with the spin-influenced prohibition of the 100% oxidative reaction in graphene domain basal plane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Sheka
- Institute of Physical Researches and Technology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamaura J, Honma R, Hori H, Manseri A, Ameduri B. Efficient fluoride recovery from poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer and poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) copolymer using superheated water with alkaline reagent. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Golubev YA, Antonets IV. Electrophysical Properties and Structure of Natural Disordered sp2 Carbon. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3797. [PMID: 36364573 PMCID: PMC9657770 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The progress in the practical use of glassy carbon materials has led to a considerable interest in understanding the nature of their physical properties. The electrophysical properties are among the most demanded properties. However, obtaining such materials is associated with expensive and dirty processes. In nature, in the course of geological processes, disordered sp2 carbon substances were formed, the structure of which is in many respects similar to the structure of glassy carbon and black carbon, and the electrical properties are distinguished by a high-energy storage potential and a high efficiency of shielding electromagnetic radiation. Given the huge natural reserves of such carbon (for example, in the shungite rocks of Karelia) and the relative cheapness and ease of producing materials from it, the study of potential technological applications and the disclosure of some unique electrophysical properties are of considerable interest. In this paper, we present an overview of recent studies on the structure, electrophysical properties, and technological applications of natural disordered sp2 carbon with the addition of novel authors' results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeny A. Golubev
- Institute of Geology of Komi SC, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Igor V. Antonets
- Department of Radiophysics, Syktyvkar State University, 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biswas HS, Datta J, Mandal P, Poddar S, Kundu AK, Saha I. Optimized study of the annealing effect on the electrical and structural properties of HDLC thin-films. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29805-29812. [PMID: 36321089 PMCID: PMC9578290 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique has been utilized for the facile surface deposition of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (HDLC) thin-films onto Si(100) substrates. The as-deposited film surface is homogenous, free of pinholes, and adheres to the substrate. Annealing of the synthesized HDLC surface in a vacuum was performed in the temperature range of 200 to 1000 °C. A host of instrumental techniques, viz. FTIR spectroscopy, AFM, STM, and EC-AFM, were successfully employed to detect the morphological transformation in the HDLC films upon annealing. EC-AFM studies show irreversible biased behavior after undergoing a surface redox couple reaction and morphological change. Raman spectroscopy was carried out along with STM and EC-AFM to determine the functional nature and conductivity of the annealed surface. The plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique has been utilized for the facile surface deposition of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (HDLC) thin-films onto Si(100) substrates.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagannath Datta
- Analytical Chemistry Division, BARC, Variable Energy Cyclotron CentreKolkata 700 064India
| | - Prasenjit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Santipur CollegeNadiaPin: 741 404West BengalIndia
| | | | - Amit Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Sripat Singh CollegeJiaganj-742 123MurshidabadWest BengalIndia
| | - Indranil Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Sripat Singh CollegeJiaganj-742 123MurshidabadWest BengalIndia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li M, Chen N, Shang H, Ling C, Wei K, Zhao S, Zhou B, Jia F, Ai Z, Zhang L. An Electrochemical Strategy for Simultaneous Heavy Metal Complexes Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10945-10953. [PMID: 35830297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals chelated with coexisting organic ligands in wastewater impose severe risks to public health and the ambient ecosystem but are also valuable metal resources. For sustainable development goals, the treatment of heavy metal complexes wastewater requires simultaneous metal-organic bond destruction and metal resource recovery. In this study, we demonstrated that a neutral pH electro-Fenton (EF) system, which was composed of an iron anode, carbon cloth cathode, and sodium tetrapolyphosphate electrolyte (Na6TPP), could induce a successive single-electron activation pathway of molecular oxygen due to the formation of Fe(II)-TPP complexes. The boosted •OH generation in the Na6TPP-EF process could decomplex 99.9% of copper ethylene diamine tetraacetate within 8 h; meanwhile, the released Cu ions were in situ deposited on the carbon cloth cathode in the form of Cu nanoparticles with a high energy efficiency of 2.45 g kWh-1. Impressively, the recovered Cu nanoparticles were of purity over 95.0%. More importantly, this neutral EF strategy could realize the simultaneous removal of Cu, Ni, and Cr complexes from real electroplating effluents. This study provides a promising neutral EF system for simultaneous heavy metal complexes wastewater treatment and resource recovery and sheds light on the importance of molecular oxygen activation in the field of pollutant control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Huan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cancan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shengxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Falong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tudose IV, Mouratis K, Ionescu ON, Romanitan C, Pachiu C, Tutunaru-Brincoveanu O, Suchea MP, Koudoumas E. Comparative Study of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes-Polypropylene Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Shielding. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142411. [PMID: 35889642 PMCID: PMC9316207 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-polypropylene (PP) composite materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications were fabricated as 1 mm thick panels and their properties were studied. Structural and morphologic characterization indicated that the obtained composite materials are not simple physical mixtures of these components but new materials with particular properties, the filler concentration and nature affecting the nanomaterials’ structure and their conductivity. In the case of GNPs, their characteristics have a dramatic effect of their functionality, since they can lead to composites with lower conductivity and less effective EMI shielding. Regarding CNTs-PP composite panels, these were found to exhibit excellent EMI attenuation of more than 40 dB, for 10% CNTs concentration. The development of PP-based composite materials with added value and particular functionality (i.e., electrical conductivity and EMI shielding) is highly significant since PP is one of the most used polymers, the best for injection molding, and virtually infinitely recyclable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Valentin Tudose
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Mouratis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Octavian Narcis Ionescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
- Petroleum and Gas University of Ploiesti, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Cosmin Romanitan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
| | - Cristina Pachiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
| | - Oana Tutunaru-Brincoveanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
| | - Mirela Petruta Suchea
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: or (M.P.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanouel Koudoumas
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: or (M.P.S.); (E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sheka EF, Popova NA. Virtual Vibrational Analytics of Reduced Graphene Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136978. [PMID: 35806012 PMCID: PMC9266465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The digital twin concept lays the foundation of the virtual vibrational analytics suggested in the current paper. The latter presents extended virtual experiments aimed at determining the specific features of the optical spectra of the studied molecules that provide reliable express analysis of the body spatial structure and chemical content. Reduced graphene oxide was selected as the virtual experiment goal. A set of nanosize necklaced graphene molecules, based on the same graphene domain but differing by the necklace contents, were selected as the relevant DTs. As shown, the Raman spectra signatures contained information concerning the spatial structure of the graphene domains, while the molecule necklaces were responsible for the IR spectra. Suggested sets of general frequency kits facilitate the detailed chemical analysis. Express analysis of a shungite carbon, composed of rGO basic structural units, revealed the high ability of the approach.
Collapse
|
16
|
Virtual Vibrational Spectrometry of Stable Radicals—Necklaced Graphene Molecules. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040597. [PMID: 35214926 PMCID: PMC8877590 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The article presents results of an extended virtual experiment on graphene molecules performed using the virtual vibrational spectrometer HF Spectrodyn that exploits semiempirical Hartree–Fock approximation. The molecules are composed of flat graphene domains surrounded with heteroatom necklaces. Not existing individually, these molecules are met in practice as basic structure units of complex multilevel structure of all sp2 amorphous carbons. This circumstance deprives the solids’ in vitro spectroscopy of revealing the individual character of basic structural elements, and in silico spectrometry fills this shortcoming. The obtained virtual vibrational spectra allow for drawing first conclusions about the specific features of the vibrational dynamics of the necklaced graphene molecules, caused by spatial structure and packing of their graphene domains as well as by chemical composition of the relevant necklaces. As shown, IR absorption spectra of the molecules are strongly necklace dependent, once becoming a distinct spectral signature of the amorphous body origin. Otherwise, Raman spectra are a spectral mark of the graphene domain’s size and packing, thus disclosing the mystery of their universal D-G-band standard related to graphene-containing materials of various origins.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fabrication of Multi-functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped Alginate Hybrid Spheres for Enhanced Fluoride Adsorption. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
18
|
Lee S, Kwon S, Kim K, Kang H, Ko JM, Choi W. Preparation of Carbon Nanowall and Carbon Nanotube for Anode Material of Lithium-Ion Battery. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226950. [PMID: 34834041 PMCID: PMC8624170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanowall (CNW) and carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. To fabricate a lithium-ion battery, copper (Cu) foil was cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner in a solvent such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and used as a substrate. CNW and CNT were synthesized on Cu foil using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and water dispersion, respectively. CNW and CNT were used as anode materials for the lithium-ion battery, while lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) was used as an electrolyte to fabricate another lithium-ion battery. For the structural analysis of CNW and CNT, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Raman spectroscopy analysis were performed. The Raman analysis showed that the carbon nanotube in composite material can compensate for the defects of the carbon nanowall. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed for the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries, fabricated by CNW and CNT, respectively. The specific capacity of CNW and CNT were calculated as 62.4 mAh/g and 49.54 mAh/g. The composite material with CNW and CNT having a specific capacity measured at 64.94 mAh/g, delivered the optimal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea; (S.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Seokhun Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea; (S.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Kangmin Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea; (S.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyunil Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea; (S.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Jang Myoun Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea;
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea; (S.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lateral Structured Phototransistor Based on Mesoscopic Graphene/Perovskite Heterojunctions. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030641. [PMID: 33807641 PMCID: PMC8000990 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to their outstanding optical properties and superior charge carrier mobilities, organometal halide perovskites have been widely investigated in photodetection and solar cell areas. In perovskites photodetection devices, their high optical absorption and excellent quantum efficiency contribute to the responsivity, even the specific detectivity. In this work, we developed a lateral phototransistor based on mesoscopic graphene/perovskite heterojunctions. Graphene nanowall shows a porous structure, and the spaces between graphene nanowall are much appropriated for perovskite crystalline to mount in. Hot carriers are excited in perovskite, which is followed by the holes’ transfer to the graphene layer through the interfacial efficiently. Therefore, graphene plays the role of holes’ collecting material and carriers’ transporting channel. This charge transfer process is also verified by the luminescence spectra. We used the hybrid film to build phototransistor, which performed a high responsivity and specific detectivity of 2.0 × 103 A/W and 7.2 × 1010 Jones, respectively. To understand the photoconductive mechanism, the perovskite’s passivation and the graphene photogating effect are proposed to contribute to the device’s performance. This study provides new routes for the application of perovskite film in photodetection.
Collapse
|