1
|
Ma F, Choi SI, Lee D, Jeon SB, Park S, Cho SP, Boo JH, Kim S. Directed crystallization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film by an iron(III) dodecyl sulfate lamellar superstructure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7871. [PMID: 39284799 PMCID: PMC11405900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), a successfully commercialized polymeric semiconductor material, has potential as a transparent electrode in flexible electronic devices, yet has insufficient conductivity. We present the synthesis, properties, and directed crystallization of the PEDOT:dodecyl sulfate (PEDOT:DS) film. Iron(III) dodecyl sulfate (Fe(DS)3) multi-lamellar vesicles (MLVs), a new growth template, are used to synthesize and direct the growth of the PEDOT:DS film via vapor-phase polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene to form huge PEDOT:DS co-crystal domains within the MLV superstructure. The polycrystalline film has metallic conductivity (avg. ~1.0 × 104 S cm-1), is highly transparent and mechanically durable yet flexible, and suitable for next-generation flexible electronics. These noteworthy properties are conferred by the MLV lamellar superstructure of Fe(DS)3, a selective oxidant and an efficient in situ dopant that enhances the film hydrophobicity and durability. Sophisticated MLV-type oxidants are foreseen to enable the synthesis of more conductive, transparent, robust, flexible, and water-stable polymer electrode materials in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ma
- Department of Materials Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon, Korea
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sang-Il Choi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dooyong Lee
- Department of Physics Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Jeon
- Department of Materials Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Cho
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyo Boo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- Department of Materials Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oh B, Baek S, Nam KS, Sung C, Yang C, Lim YS, Ju MS, Kim S, Kim TS, Park SM, Park S, Park S. 3D printable and biocompatible PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloids with high conductivity for rapid on-demand fabrication of 3D bioelectronics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5839. [PMID: 38992011 PMCID: PMC11239939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
3D printing has been widely used for on-demand prototyping of complex three-dimensional structures. In biomedical applications, PEDOT:PSS has emerged as a promising material in versatile bioelectronics due to its tissue-like mechanical properties and suitable electrical properties. However, previously developed PEDOT:PSS inks have not been able to fully utilize the advantages of commercial 3D printing due to its long post treatment times, difficulty in high aspect ratio printing, and low conductivity. We propose a one-shot strategy for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS ink that is able to simultaneously achieve on-demand biocompatibility (no post treatment), structural integrity during 3D printing for tall three-dimensional structures, and high conductivity for rapid-prototyping. By using ionic liquid-facilitated PEDOT:PSS colloidal stacking induced by a centrifugal protocol, a viscoplastic PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloidal (PILC) ink was developed. PILC inks exhibit high-aspect ratio vertical stacking, omnidirectional printability for generating suspended architectures, high conductivity (~286 S/cm), and high-resolution printing (~50 µm). We demonstrate the on-demand and versatile applicability of PILC inks through the fabrication of 3D circuit boards, on-skin physiological signal monitoring e-tattoos, and implantable bioelectronics (opto-electrocorticography recording, low voltage sciatic nerve stimulation and recording from deeper brain layers via 3D vertical spike arrays).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byungkook Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeok Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum Seok Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Sung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Congqi Yang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Lim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering (CiTE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering (CiTE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng YH, Kuo CT, Lian BY. Chameleon-Inspired Colorimetric Sensors for Real-Time Detections with Humidity. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2254. [PMID: 38138423 PMCID: PMC10745728 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, vapor sensors have gained substantial attention for their crucial roles in environmental monitoring and pharmaceutical applications. Herein, we introduce a chameleon-inspired colorimetric (CIC) sensor, detailing its design, fabrication, and versatile applications. The sensor seamlessly combines a PEDOT:PSS vapor sensor with a colorimetric display, using thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC). We further explore the electrical characteristics of the CIC sensor when doped with ethylene glycol (EG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Comparative analyses of resistance change rates for different weight ratios of EG and PVA provide insights into fine-tuning the sensor's responsiveness to varying humidity levels. The CIC sensor's proficiency in measuring ambient humidity is investigated under a voltage input as small as 2.6 V, capturing resistance change rates and colorimetric shifts at relative humidity (RH) levels ranging from 20% to 90%. Notably, the sensor exhibits distinct resistance sensitivities of 9.7 mΩ (0.02% ∆R/R0)/%RH, 0.5 Ω (0.86% ∆R/R0)/%RH, and 5.7 Ω (9.68% ∆R/R0)/%RH at RH 20% to 30%, RH 30% to 80%, and RH 80% to 90%, respectively. Additionally, a linear temperature change is observed with a sensitivity of -0.04 °C/%RH. The sensor also demonstrates a colorimetric temperature sensitivity of -82,036 K/%RH at RH 20% to 30% and -514 K/%RH at RH 30% to 90%, per captured image. Furthermore, real-time measurements of ethanol vapor with varying concentrations showcase the sensor's applicability in gas sensing applications. Overall, we present a comprehensive exploration of the CIC sensor, emphasizing its design flexibility, electrical characteristics, and diverse sensing capabilities. The sensor's potential applications extend to real-time environmental monitoring, highlighting its promising role in various gas sensing fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Te Kuo
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Bo-Yao Lian
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Velasco Davoise L, Peña Capilla R, Díez-Pascual AM. Isotropic and Anisotropic Complex Refractive Index of PEDOT:PSS. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3298. [PMID: 37571192 PMCID: PMC10422196 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the complex refractive indexes of seven PEDOT:PSS samples, three with isotropic behavior and four with optical anisotropy, were determined. For the anisotropic samples, the ordinary and extraordinary components of the refractive index were described. The effect of the film thickness, measurement technique and preparation method on the extinction coefficient (k) and refractive index (n) of each sample was also discussed. Important differences (up to 20% in the average n) were found among the samples investigated. In most anisotropic films, the mean value of the extraordinary component was between 7 and 10% higher than that of the ordinary. In the three isotropic films, the average k rose when the film thickness increased. Moreover, the different sets of refractive index data were fitted to three different models: the original Forouhi-Bloomer model, the Liu (2007) model and the revised version of the Forouhi-Bloomer model (2019). In general, Liu's model gave better results, with small errors in n and k (<7.81 and 4.68%, respectively, in all the cases). However, this model had seven fitting parameters, which led to significantly longer computation time than the other two models. The influence of the differences in the measurement of the complex refractive index on the simulation of the optical properties of PEDOT:PSS multilayers was discussed. The results showed that n must be known precisely to accurately calculate the light absorption in a multilayer, without ignoring the isotropic or anisotropic behavior of the material or the influence of the layer thickness on its optical properties. This study aids in the development of simulation and optimization tools that allow understanding the optical properties of PEDOT:PSS films for their potential applications in organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Velasco Davoise
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael Peña Capilla
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aguirre G, Marcasuzaa P, Billon L. Soft Self-Assembled Mechanoelectrical Transducer Films from Conductive Microgel Waterborne Dispersions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37268429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims in the developing of new soft transducers based on sophisticated stimuli-responsive microgels that exhibit spontaneous self-assembly forming cohesive films with conductive and mechanoelectrical properties. For that, oligo(ethylene glycol)-based stimuli-responsive microgels have been synthesized using bio-inspired catechol cross-linkers by one-step batch precipitation polymerization in aqueous media. Then, 3,4-ethylene dioxyyhiophene (EDOT) has been directly polymerized onto stimuli-responsive microgels using catechol groups as the unique dopant. PEDOT location is dependent on the cross-linking density of microgel particles and EDOT amount used. Moreover, the spontaneous cohesive film formation ability of the waterborne dispersion after evaporation at soft application temperature is demonstrated. The films obtained present conductivity and enhanced mechanoelectrical properties triggered by simple finger compression. Both properties are function of the cross-linking density of the microgel seed particles and PEDOT amount incorporated. In addition, to obtain maximum electrical potential generated and the possibility to amplify it, several films in series were demonstrated to be efficient. The present material can be a potential candidate for biomedical, cosmetic, and bioelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garbine Aguirre
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Pierre Marcasuzaa
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Laurent Billon
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma JH, Kim MG, Jeong JH, Park MH, Ha HJ, Kang SJ, Kang SJ. Highly Efficient ITO-Free Quantum-Dot Light Emitting Diodes via Solution-Processed PEDOT:PSS Semitransparent Electrode. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114053. [PMID: 37297186 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on the potential use of sulfuric acid-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a viable alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). ITO, despite its high conductivity and transparency, is known for its disadvantages of being brittle, fragile, and expensive. Furthermore, due to the high hole injection barrier of quantum dots, the need for electrodes with a higher work function is becoming more significant. In this report, we present solution-processed, sulfuric acid-treated PEDOT:PSS electrodes for highly efficient QLEDs. The high work function of the PEDOT:PSS electrodes improved the performance of the QLEDs by facilitating hole injection. We demonstrated the recrystallization and conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS upon sulfuric acid treatment using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Hall measurement. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) analysis of QLEDs showed that sulfuric acid-treated PEDOT:PSS exhibited a higher work function than ITO. The maximum current efficiency and external quantum efficiency based on the PEDOT:PSS electrode QLEDs were measured as 46.53 cd/A and 11.01%, which were three times greater than ITO electrode QLEDs. These findings suggest that PEDOT:PSS can serve as a promising replacement for ITO electrodes in the development of ITO-free QLED devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Ma
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gye Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Jeong
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Ji Ha
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qiu J, Yu X, Wu X, Wu Z, Song Y, Zheng Q, Shan G, Ye H, Du M. An Efficiently Doped PEDOT:PSS Ink Formulation via Metastable Liquid-Liquid Contact for Capillary Flow-Driven, Hierarchically and Highly Conductive Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205324. [PMID: 36634985 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With commercial electronics transitioning toward flexible devices, there is a growing demand for high-performance polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Previous breakthroughs in promoting the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, which mainly stem from solvent-treatment and transfer-printing strategies, remain as inevitable challenges due to the inefficient, unstable, and biologically incompatible process. Herein, a scalable fabrication of conducting PEDOT:PSS inks is reported via a metastable liquid-liquid contact (MLLC) method, realizing phase separation and removal of excess PSS simultaneously. MLLC-doped inks are further used to prepare ring-like films through a compromise between the coffee-ring effect and the Marangoni vortex during evaporation of droplets. The specific control over deposition conditions allows for tunable ring-like morphologies and preferentially interconnected networks of PEDOT:PSS nanofibrils, resulting in a high electrical conductivity of 6,616 S cm-1 and excellent optical transparency of the film. The combination of excellent electrical properties and the special morphology enables it to serve as electrodes for touch sensors with gradient pressure sensitivity. These findings not only provide new insight into developing a simple and efficient doping method for commercial PEDOT:PSS ink, but also offer a promising self-assembled deposition pattern of organic semiconductor films, expanding the applications in flexible electronics, bioelectronics as well as photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ziliang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Miao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nizameev IR, Nizameeva GR, Kadirov MK. Doping of Transparent Electrode Based on Oriented Networks of Nickel in Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate Matrix with P-Toluenesulfonic Acid. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:831. [PMID: 36903709 PMCID: PMC10005722 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to obtain an optically transparent electrode based on the oriented nanonetworks of nickel in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate matrix. Optically transparent electrodes are used in many modern devices. Therefore, the search for new inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials for them remains an urgent task. We have previously developed a material for optically transparent electrodes based on oriented platinum nanonetworks. This technique was upgraded to obtain a cheaper option from oriented nickel networks. The study was carried out to find the optimal electrical conductivity and optical transparency values of the developed coating, and the dependence of these values on the amount of nickel used was investigated. The figure of merit (FoM) was used as a criterion for the quality of the material in terms of finding the optimal characteristics. It was shown that doping PEDOT: PSS with p-toluenesulfonic acid in the design of an optically transparent electroconductive composite coating based on oriented nickel networks in a polymer matrix is expedient. It was found that the addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid to an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT: PSS with a concentration of 0.5% led to an eight-fold decrease in the surface resistance of the resulting coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irek R. Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Nanotechnology in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev—KAI, 10, K. Marx Str., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Guliya R. Nizameeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68, K. Marx Str., Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Marsil K. Kadirov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68, K. Marx Str., Kazan 420015, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scanning Electrochemical Microscope Studies of Charge Transfer Kinetics at the Interface of the Perovskite/Hole Transport Layer. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1844719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfacial carrier transfer kinetics is critical to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we measure the regeneration rate constant, absorption cross-section, reduction rate constant, and conductivity of hole transport layered perovskites using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The SECM feedback revealed that the regeneration rate constant, absorption cross-section, and reduction rate constant of the nickel oxide (NiO) layer perovskite layer are higher than those of the poly (3,4-ethyenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) layered perovskite. Also, at a specific flux density (
), the value of the regeneration rate constant (keff) in both blue and red illuminations for the NiO/CH3NH3PbI3 film is significantly higher than in both PEDOT: PSS/CH3NH3PbI3 and FTO/CH3NH3PbI3 films. The difference in keff between layered and nonlayered perovskite conforms to the impact of the hole conducting layer on the charge transfer kinetics. According to the findings, SECM is a powerful approach for screening an appropriate hole transport layer for stable perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chamatam Kasi Reddy A, Gurulakshmi M, Muni Mounika P, Meenakshamma A, Venkateswarlu K, Pedda Venkata Subbaiah Y, Raghavender M. Cost effective lithography based PEDOT: PSS, platinum counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
|
11
|
Sharma M, Bhatia R, Sameera I. Synergistic effect of sequential solvent treatment on the structural and low temperature charge transport of PEDOT:PSS films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:115701. [PMID: 36542864 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acadc6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study on the low temperature charge transport and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements of spin-coated and solvent treated poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films has been presented. The samples were prepared by sequential treatment of PEDOT:PSS film using dimethyl sulfoxide and sulphuric acid. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy elucidate the effect of solvent treatment on the structural modifications of the film, which correlates to the enhanced conductivity values. The nature of solvent and the sequence of successive treatments using different solvents has been effectively utilized to tune the conductivity of the film over a wide range. Further, the low temperature (300-2 K) charge transport study indicates that the resistance of the film rises sharply below 50 K, which implies the samples lie in the category of disordered materials. A linear fit of lnRvs.T-1/4for all the samples indicates that the temperature dependent resistance of solvent treated PEDOT:PSS films follow 3D variable range hopping model. The observed large positive MR behavior of the films has been discussed in terms of the wave function shrinkage of the charge carriers. The MR follows ∼B2and ∼B1/3dependence at low and high magnetic field regimes, respectively. The sequential treatment of PEDOT:PSS films shown in the present study is an effective method to enhance the electrical conductivity significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - I Sameera
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hwang IS, Lee JY, Kim J, Pak NY, Kim J, Chung DW. Post-Treatment of Tannic Acid for Thermally Stable PEDOT:PSS Film. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224908. [PMID: 36433036 PMCID: PMC9692676 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly (styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS is well known for its conductive polymer in a field of organic electronics. PEDOT:PSS can be widely operated as electronics under low temperature conditions; however, the layer can be easily damaged by high temperature conditions, while in fabrication or in the operation of electronics. Therefore, enhancing the thermal stability of PEDOT:PSS can be a novel strategy for both fabrication and operating varieties. Herein, PEDOT:PSS is the surface-treated with tannic acid to increase the thermal stability. A large number of phenols in tannic acid not only provide UV absorption ability, but also thermal stability. Therefore, tannic-treated PEDOT:PSS film sustained 150 °C for 96 h because of its initial conductivity. Moreover, surface properties and its bonding nature was further examined to show that the tannic acid does not damage the electrical and film properties. The method can be widely used in the field of organic electronics, especially because of its high stability and the high performance of the devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Seong Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea
| | - Na-Young Pak
- EverChemTech Co., Ltd., 38, Cheongwonsandan 7-gil, Mado-myeon, Hwaseong 18543, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (D.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-31-220-2352 (J.K.); Tel.: +82-31-220-2156 (D.-W.C.)
| | - Dae-Won Chung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (D.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-31-220-2352 (J.K.); Tel.: +82-31-220-2156 (D.-W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Water-Based Highly Stretchable PEDOT:PSS/Nonionic WPU Transparent Electrode. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050949. [PMID: 35267772 PMCID: PMC8912668 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has the merits of high electrical conductivity and solution processability, and can be dispersed in water. To improve the stretchability of PEDOT:PSS-based transparent electrode films, the intrinsically conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS was blended with highly stretchable nonionic waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and coated on a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film. Nonionic WPU has good compatibility with PEDOT:PSS, without affecting the acidity. WPU undergoes hydrogen bonding and coulombic attractions with PEDOT:PSS. With variation of the WPU content, differences in the electrical properties, such as the sheet resistance and mechanical stretchability, of the coated thin films were observed. The film with 2.0 wt% WPU could be stretched to 400% of the electrode surface without damage to the surface of the electrode films. The WPU and TPU films both have a polyester group, which provides good adhesion between the WPU-based transparent electrodes and the TPU substrate films. A stretchable alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) device was constructed by using the water-based PEDOT:PSS/nonionic WPU composite as both the bottom and top transparent electrodes. The fabricated ACEL remained its initial luminance in the 500% stretched state.
Collapse
|