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Tansi FL, Schrepper A, Schwarzer M, Teichgräber U, Hilger I. Identifying the Morphological and Molecular Features of a Cell-Based Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model during Growth over Time. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5619. [PMID: 38891809 PMCID: PMC11171605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), characterized by hypovascularity, hypoxia, and desmoplastic stroma is one of the deadliest malignancies in humans, with a 5-year survival rate of only 7%. The anatomical location of the pancreas and lack of symptoms in patients with early onset of disease accounts for late diagnosis. Consequently, 85% of patients present with non-resectable, locally advanced, or advanced metastatic disease at diagnosis and rely on alternative therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and others. The response to these therapies highly depends on the stage of disease at the start of therapy. It is, therefore, vital to consider the stages of PDAC models in preclinical studies when testing new therapeutics and treatment modalities. We report a standardized induction of cell-based orthotopic pancreatic cancer models in mice and the identification of vital features of their progression by ultrasound imaging and histological analysis of the level of pancreatic stellate cells, mature fibroblasts, and collagen. The results highlight that early-stage primary tumors are secluded in the pancreas and advance towards infiltrating the omentum at week 5-7 post implantation of the BxPC-3 and Panc-1 models investigated. Late stages show extensive growth, the infiltration of the omentum and/or stomach wall, metastases, augmented fibroblasts, and collagen levels. The findings can serve as suggestions for defining growth parameter-based stages of orthotopic pancreatic cancer models for the preclinical testing of drug efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista L. Tansi
- Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Chakkera M, Foote JB, Farran B, Nagaraju GP. Breaking the stromal barrier in pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189065. [PMID: 38160899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide due to the absence of early detection methods and the low success rates of traditional therapeutic strategies. Drug resistance in PC is driven by its desmoplastic stroma, which creates a barrier that shields cancer niches and prevents the penetration of drugs. The PC stroma comprises heterogeneous cellular populations and non-cellular components involved in aberrant ECM deposition, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. These components can influence PC development through intricate and complex crosstalk with the PC cells. Understanding how stromal components and cells interact with and influence the invasiveness and refractoriness of PC cells is thus a prerequisite for developing successful stroma-modulating strategies capable of remodeling the PC stroma to alleviate drug resistance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we explore how non-cellular and cellular stromal components, including cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages, contribute to the immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting effects of the stroma. We also examine the signaling pathways underlying their activation, tumorigenic effects, and interactions with PC cells. Finally, we discuss recent pre-clinical and clinical work aimed at developing and testing novel stroma-modulating agents to alleviate drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Chakkera
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Maduabuchi WO, Tansi FL, Faenger B, Southern P, Pankhurst QA, Steiniger F, Westermann M, Hilger I. Local Magnetic Hyperthermia and Systemic Gemcitabine/Paclitaxel Chemotherapy Triggers Neo-Angiogenesis in Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors without Involvement of Auto/Paracrine Tumor Cell VEGF Signaling and Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:33. [PMID: 38201461 PMCID: PMC10778317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in exploring the therapeutically mediated modulation of tumor vascularization of pancreatic cancer, which is known for its poorly perfused tumor microenvironment limiting the delivery of therapeutic agents to the tumor site. Here, we assessed how magnetic hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy selectively affects growth, the vascular compartment of tumors, and the presence of tumor cells expressing key regulators of angiogenesis. To that purpose, a orthotopic PANC-1 (fluorescent human pancreatic adenocarcinoma) mouse tumor model (Rj:Athym-Foxn1nu/nu) was used. Magnetic hyperthermia was applied alone or in combination with systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine 50 mg per kg body weight, nab-pacitaxel 30 mg/kg body weight) on days 1 and 7 following magnetic nanoparticle application (dose: 1 mg per 100 mm3 of tumor). We used ultrasound imaging, immunohistochemistry, multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), and hematology to assess the biological parameters mentioned above. We found that magnetic hyperthermia in combination with gemcitabine/paclitaxel chemotherapy was able to impact tumor growth (decreased volumes and Ki67 expression) and to trigger neo-angiogenesis (increased small vessel diameter) as a result of the therapeutically mediated cell damages/stress in tumors. The applied stressors activated specific pro-angiogenic mechanisms, which differed from those seen in hypoxic conditions involving HIF-1α, since (a) treated tumors showed a significant decrease of cells expressing VEGF, CD31, HIF-1α, and neuropilin-1; and (b) the relative tumor blood volume and oxygen level remained unchanged. Neo-angiogenesis seems to be the result of the activation of cell stress pathways, like MAPK pathways (high number of pERK-expressing tumor cells). In the long term, the combination of magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy could potentially be applied to transiently modulate tumor angiogenesis and to improve drug accessibility during oncologic therapies of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom O. Maduabuchi
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (F.L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Felista L. Tansi
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (F.L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Bernd Faenger
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (F.L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Paul Southern
- Resonant Circuits Limited, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK; (P.S.); (Q.A.P.)
- Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, University College London, 21 Albemarle St., London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Quentin A. Pankhurst
- Resonant Circuits Limited, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK; (P.S.); (Q.A.P.)
- Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, University College London, 21 Albemarle St., London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmuehlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmuehlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (F.L.T.); (B.F.)
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4
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Hannon G, Bogdanska A, Keogh A, Finn SP, Gobbo OL, Prina-Mello A. Biodistribution and histological analysis of iron oxide-dextran nanoparticles in wistar rats. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:562-580. [PMID: 37982374 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2276413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are showing promise in many biomedical applications. One of these- magnetic hyperthermia- utilizes externally applied alternating magnetic fields and tumor-residing magnetic nanoparticles to generate localized therapeutic temperature elevations. Magnetic hyperthermia is approved in Europe to treat glioblastoma and is undergoing clinical assessment in the United States to treat prostate cancer. In this study, we performed biodistribution and histological analysis of a new IONP (RCL-01) in Wistar rats. These nanoparticles are currently undergoing clinical assessment in locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to determine the feasibility of magnetic hyperthermia treatment in this disease. The study presented here aimed to determine the fate of these nanoparticles in vivo and whether this results in organ damage. Wistar rats were injected intravenously with relatively high doses of IONP (30 mgFe/kg, 45 mgFe/kg and 60 mgFe/kg) and compared to a vehicle control to determine the accumulation of iron in organs and whether this resulted in histological changes in these tissues. Dose-dependent increases of iron were observed in the liver, spleen and lungs of IONP-treated animals at 7 days postinjection; however, this did not result in significant histological changes in these tissues. Immunofluorescent imaging determined these nanoparticles are internalized by macrophages in tissue, suggesting they are readily phagocytosed by the reticuloendothelial system for eventual recycling. Notably, no changes in iron or dextran staining were found in the kidneys across all treatment groups, providing evidence for potential renal clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hannon
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Ireland
- Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Bogdanska
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Ireland
- Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Keogh
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliviero L Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Ireland
- Laboratory of Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Choi J, Kim DI, Kim JY, Pané S, Nelson BJ, Chang YT, Choi H. Magnetically Enhanced Intracellular Uptake of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Antitumor Therapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15857-15870. [PMID: 37477428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely employed in biomedical fields, including targeted delivery of antitumor therapy. Conventional magnetic tumor targeting has used simple static magnetic fields (SMFs), which cause SPIONs to linearly aggregate into a long chain-like shape. Such agglomeration greatly hinders the intracellular targeting of SPIONs into tumors, thus reducing the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated the enhancement of the intracellular uptake of SPIONs through the application of rotating magnetic fields (RMFs). Based on the physical principles of SPION chain disassembly, we investigated physical parameters to predict the chain length favorable for intracellular uptake. Our prediction was validated by clear visualization of the intracellular distributions of SPIONs in tumor cells at both cellular and three-dimensional microtissue levels. To identify the potential therapeutic effects of enhanced intracellular uptake, magnetic hyperthermia as antitumor therapy was investigated under varying conditions of magnetic hyperthermia and RMFs. The results showed that enhanced intracellular uptake reduced magnetic hyperthermia time and strength as well as particle concentration. The proposed method will be useful in the development of techniques to determine the optimized physical conditions for the enhanced intracellular uptake of SPIONs in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Choi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Robotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- IMsystem Co., Ltd., Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Salvador Pané
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Robotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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6
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Farzanegan Z, Tahmasbi M. Evaluating the applications and effectiveness of magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment: A systematic review. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 198:110873. [PMID: 37257266 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia as a new cancer treatment technology has been applied for some kinds of tumors. To review the different applications and effectiveness of this new cancer treatment technique, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were explored up to November 2022, using the following keywords combined in different ways: "Magnetic Nanoparticles Based Hyperthermia", "Magnetic Nanoparticles" AND "Hyperthermia" AND "Cancer". The obtained results were screened for the title and abstract and the relevant papers were reviewed for further details. Finally, 24 papers were included in the study. These papers have evaluated the application of magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for treating different cancers including breast, liver, prostate, pancreas, colon, brain, lung, and stem cell. Various nanoparticles including Iron Oxide (Fe2O3, Fe3O4), Dextran Spermine, Iron Chloride, Magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with Liposomes (MCLs), and Variable Molecular Weight Nanoparticles (VMWNPs) were used in different reviewed studies. The results of reviewed studies revealed that the nanoparticle-based hyperthermia technique as a new progressive modality can significantly improve treatment outcomes for some special cancers. Increasing life expectancy by up to 30% using Iron Oxide magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for pancreatic cancer and increasing tumor ablation by about 33% for other cancers were reported in reviewed articles. However, further studies are required to extend this new treatment technique to other cancers and for providing more accurate information on nanoparticle-based hyperthermia's effectiveness as a complementary technique in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farzanegan
- Medical Physics and Radiotherapy Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Marziyeh Tahmasbi
- Radiologic Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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7
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Kumar S, Shukla MK, Sharma AK, Jayaprakash GK, Tonk RK, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K, Ahmed F, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar D. Metal-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites as promising frontier in cancer chemotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e253. [PMID: 37025253 PMCID: PMC10072971 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease associated with complex pathology and one of the most prevalent and leading reasons for mortality in the world. Current chemotherapy has challenges with cytotoxicity, selectivity, multidrug resistance, and the formation of stemlike cells. Nanomaterials (NMs) have unique properties that make them useful for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cancer research. NMs can be engineered to target cancer cells for early detection and can deliver drugs directly to cancer cells, reducing side effects and improving treatment efficacy. Several of NMs can also be used for photothermal therapy to destroy cancer cells or enhance immune response to cancer by delivering immune-stimulating molecules to immune cells or modulating the tumor microenvironment. NMs are being modified to overcome issues, such as toxicity, lack of selectivity, increase drug capacity, and bioavailability, for a wide spectrum of cancer therapies. To improve targeted drug delivery using nano-carriers, noteworthy research is required. Several metal-based NMs have been studied with the expectation of finding a cure for cancer treatment. In this review, the current development and the potential of plant and metal-based NMs with their effects on size and shape have been discussed along with their more effective usage in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
| | - Monu Kumar Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
| | | | | | - Rajiv K. Tonk
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesDelhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew DelhiDelhiIndia
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl‐HofufAl‐AhsaSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
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8
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Tanaka HY, Nakazawa T, Enomoto A, Masamune A, Kano MR. Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Fibrotic Barriers to Nanomedicine in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030724. [PMID: 36765684 PMCID: PMC9913712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is notorious for its dismal prognosis. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect theory posits that nanomedicines (therapeutics in the size range of approximately 10-200 nm) selectively accumulate in tumors. Nanomedicine has thus been suggested to be the "magic bullet"-both effective and safe-to treat pancreatic cancer. However, the densely fibrotic tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer impedes nanomedicine delivery. The EPR effect is thus insufficient to achieve a significant therapeutic effect. Intratumoral fibrosis is chiefly driven by aberrantly activated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) components secreted. Fibroblast and ECM abnormalities offer various potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we detail the diverse strategies being tested to overcome the fibrotic barriers to nanomedicine in pancreatic cancer. Strategies that target the fibrotic tissue/process are discussed first, which are followed by strategies to optimize nanomedicine design. We provide an overview of how a deeper understanding, increasingly at single-cell resolution, of fibroblast biology is revealing the complex role of the fibrotic stroma in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and consider the therapeutic implications. Finally, we discuss critical gaps in our understanding and how we might better formulate strategies to successfully overcome the fibrotic barriers in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Y. Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu R. Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence:
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In Vitro Measurement and Mathematical Modeling of Thermally-Induced Injury in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030655. [PMID: 36765619 PMCID: PMC9913239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal therapies are under investigation as part of multi-modality strategies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we determined the kinetics of thermal injury to pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and evaluated predictive models for thermal injury. Cell viability was measured in two murine pancreatic cancer cell lines (KPC, Pan02) and a normal fibroblast (STO) cell line following in vitro heating in the range 42.5-50 °C for 3-60 min. Based on measured viability data, the kinetic parameters of thermal injury were used to predict the extent of heat-induced damage. Of the three thermal injury models considered in this study, the Arrhenius model with time delay provided the most accurate prediction (root mean square error = 8.48%) for all cell lines. Pan02 and STO cells were the most resistant and susceptible to hyperthermia treatments, respectively. The presented data may contribute to studies investigating the use of thermal therapies as part of pancreatic cancer treatment strategies and inform the design of treatment planning strategies.
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10
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A review on an effect of dispersant type and medium viscosity on magnetic hyperthermia of nanoparticles. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Garcia-Arranz M, Villarejo-Campos P, Barambio J, Garcia Gomez-Heras S, Vega-Clemente L, Guadalajara H, García-Olmo D. Toxicity study in a pig model of intraperitoneal collagenase as an "enzymatic scalpel" directed to break stroma in order to generate a new perspective for peritoneal carcinomatosis approach: an experimental research. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:53. [PMID: 35216593 PMCID: PMC8881860 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to measure the toxicity resulting from collagenase administration to the peritoneal cavity in a pig model as a preliminary step to break down the stroma surrounding tumors. Methods Eight pigs were treated with 2 different collagenase concentrations previously tested in rats by our group. Time and temperature were controlled using a peritoneal lavage system (PRS System, Combat Medical Ltd.) identical to that used in human surgeries through hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC); 2 additional pigs were treated with peritoneal lavage only. Samples of blood and peritoneal fluid were collected pre-treatment, immediately after treatment, and 24 h postoperatively. In addition, histological studies and blood collagenase levels were measured. Results No complications were observed during the surgeries. Intraoperative images evidenced the release of peritoneal tissue during collagenase treatment. After surgery, the animals showed no signs of pain. Diet and mobility were normal at 4 h postoperatively, and there were no significant differences in hematologic or biochemical parameters. Quantification of MMP1 and MMP2 in all samples as measured by absorbance showed no differences in blood collagenase levels between pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 24 h postoperatively. None of the animals treated with collagenase showed peritoneal adhesions during the second surgery. Histologically, peritoneal organs and serous structures did not show any microscopic alterations associated with collagenase treatment in any group. Conclusion Lavage of the peritoneal cavity with doses of up to 100,000 collagen digestion units/animal for 30 min is safe and removes connective tissue from the peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Villarejo-Campos
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Barambio
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Garcia Gomez-Heras
- Department of Human Histology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - L Vega-Clemente
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Guadalajara
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - D García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Tolg C, Messam BJA, McCarthy JB, Nelson AC, Turley EA. Hyaluronan Functions in Wound Repair That Are Captured to Fuel Breast Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1551. [PMID: 34827550 PMCID: PMC8615562 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling from an actively remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) has emerged as a critical factor in regulating both the repair of tissue injuries and the progression of diseases such as metastatic cancer. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the ECM that normally functions in tissue injury to sequentially promote then suppress inflammation and fibrosis, a duality in which is featured, and regulated in, wound repair. These essential response-to-injury functions of HA in the microenvironment are hijacked by tumor cells for invasion and avoidance of immune detection. In this review, we first discuss the numerous size-dependent functions of HA and emphasize the multifunctional nature of two of its receptors (CD44 and RHAMM) in regulating the signaling duality of HA in excisional wound healing. This is followed by a discussion of how HA metabolism is de-regulated in malignant progression and how targeting HA might be used to better manage breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Tolg
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - Britney Jodi-Ann Messam
- Department Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - James Benjamin McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Andrew Cook Nelson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Eva Ann Turley
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, Department Oncology, Biochemistry and Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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13
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Dabaghi M, Rasa SMM, Cirri E, Ori A, Neri F, Quaas R, Hilger I. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Carrying 5-Fluorouracil in Combination with Magnetic Hyperthermia Induce Thrombogenic Collagen Fibers, Cellular Stress, and Immune Responses in Heterotopic Human Colon Cancer in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101625. [PMID: 34683917 PMCID: PMC8541380 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we looked for the main protein pathway regulators which were responsible for the therapeutic impact on colon cancers when combining magnetic hyperthermia with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU). To this end, chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) functionalized with 5FU were intratumorally injected into subcutaneous human colon cancer xenografts (HT-29) in mice and exposed to an alternating magnetic field. A decreased tumor growth was found particularly for the combined thermo-chemotherapy vs. the corresponding monotherapies. By using computational analysis of the tumor proteome, we found upregulated functional pathway categories termed "cellular stress and injury", "intracellular second messenger and nuclear receptor signaling", "immune responses", and "growth proliferation and development". We predict TGF-beta, and other mediators, as important upstream regulators. In conclusion, our findings show that the combined thermo-chemotherapy induces thrombogenic collagen fibers which are able to impair tumor nutrient supply. Further on, we associate several responses to the recognition of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by phagocytic cells, which immigrate into the tumor area. The activation of some pathways associated with cell survival implies the necessity to conduct multiple therapy sessions in connection with a corresponding monitoring, which could possibly be performed on the base of the identified protein regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dabaghi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, D-07740 Jena, Germany;
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Rasa
- Leibniz Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.M.M.R.); (E.C.); (A.O.); (F.N.)
| | - Emilio Cirri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.M.M.R.); (E.C.); (A.O.); (F.N.)
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.M.M.R.); (E.C.); (A.O.); (F.N.)
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.M.M.R.); (E.C.); (A.O.); (F.N.)
| | - Rainer Quaas
- Chemicell GmbH, Erseburgstrasse 22–23, 12103 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, D-07740 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0049-3641-9325921
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14
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Ezzeldeen Y, Swidan S, ElMeshad A, Sebak A. Green Synthesized Honokiol Transfersomes Relieve the Immunosuppressive and Stem-Like Cell Characteristics of the Aggressive B16F10 Melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5693-5712. [PMID: 34465990 PMCID: PMC8402984 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honokiol (HK) is a natural bioactive compound with proven antineoplastic properties against melanoma. However, it shows very low bioavailability when administered orally. Alternatively, topical administration may offer a promising route. The objective of the current study was to fabricate HK transfersomes (HKTs) for topical treatment of melanoma. As an ultradeformable carrier system, transfersomes can overcome the physiological barriers to topical treatment of melanoma: the stratum corneum and the anomalous tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the immunomodulatory and stemness-regulation roles of HKTs were the main interest of this study. METHODS TFs were prepared using the modified scalable heating method. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was utilized for the optimization of the process and formulation variables. Intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity of HKTs were evaluated in nonactivated and stromal cell-activated B16F10 melanoma cells to investigate the influence of the complex tumor microenvironment on the efficacy of HK. Finally, ELISA and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression levels of TGF-β and clusters of differentiation (CD47 and CD133, respectively). RESULTS The optimized formula exhibited a mean size of 190 nm, highly negative surface charge, high entrapment efficiency, and sustained release profile. HKTs showed potential to alleviate the immunosuppressive characteristics of B16F10 melanoma in vitro via downregulation of TGF-β signaling. In addition, HKTs reduced expression of the "do not eat me" signal - CD47. Moreover, HKTs possessed additional interesting potential to reduce the expression of the stem-like cell marker CD133. These outcomes were boosted upon combination with metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug recently reported to possess different functions in cancer, while combination with collagenase, an extracellular matrix-depleting enzyme, produced detrimental effects. CONCLUSION HKTs represent a promising scalable formulation for treatment of the aggressive B16F10 melanoma, which is jam-packed with immunosuppressive and stem-like cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Ezzeldeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Shady Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aliaa ElMeshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Bio Nano, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, El-Sheikh Zayed, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Aya Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Smart Modification on Magnetic Nanoparticles Dramatically Enhances Their Therapeutic Properties. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164095. [PMID: 34439250 PMCID: PMC8391586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this work, a smart gemcitabine delivery system based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) is proposed. Gemcitabine (GEM) is a chemotherapeutic agent usually employed as monotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Unfortunately, this drug presents short half-life and high toxicity in non-tumoral tissues. Thus, new efficient drug delivery systems are needed. In this regard, we modified MNP to attach this drug via disulfide bonds (MNP-GEM) to promote the selective release of GEM in pancreatic cancer cells, and the great potential of our proposed nanocarrier for biomedical applications is broadly assessed. Remarkably, this modification has proved to prevent the unspecific binding of proteins, reduced the cytotoxic effect of the drug in non-cancerous cells, improved the internalization in pancreatic cancer cells, and its activity was synergistically enhanced in combination with magnetic hyperthermia. Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are employed as nanocarriers and in magnetic hyperthermia (MH) for the treatment of cancers. Herein, a smart drug delivery system composed of MNP functionalized with the cytotoxic drug gemcitabine (MNP-GEM) has been thoroughly evaluated. The linker employed is based on a disulfide bond and allows the controlled release of GEM under a highly reducing environment, which is frequently present in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The stability, MH, and the interaction with plasma proteins of the nanoparticles are evaluated, highlighting their great potential for biological applications. Their cytotoxicity is assessed in three pancreatic cancer cell lines with different sensitivity to GEM, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the effects on the cell cycle, and the mechanisms of cell death involved. Remarkably, the proposed nanocarrier is better internalized than unmodified nanoparticles, and it is particularly effective in PANC-1 cells, resistant to GEM, but not in non-tumoral keratinocytes. Additionally, its combination with MH produces a synergistic cytotoxic effect in all cancer cell lines tested. In conclusion, MNP-GEM presents a promising potential for treating pancreatic cancer, due to multiple parameters, such as reduced binding to plasma proteins, increased internalization, and synergistic activity when combined with MH.
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Chan WJ, Tseng FG. Nanomedicine in boron neutron capture therapy for cancer treatment: opportunities, challenges and future perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1631-1634. [PMID: 34264135 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chan
- Engineering & System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Engineering & System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental & Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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17
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Li X, Li W, Wang M, Liao Z. Magnetic nanoparticles for cancer theranostics: Advances and prospects. J Control Release 2021; 335:437-448. [PMID: 34081996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Nanoparticles have been broadly studied and emerged as a novel approach in diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Over the last decade, researches have significantly improved magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)'s theranostic potential as nanomedicine for cancer. Newer MNPs have various advantages such as wider operating temperatures, smaller sizes, lower toxicity, simpler preparations and lower production costs. With a series of unique and superior physical and chemical properties, MNPs have great potential in medical applications. In particular, using MNPs as probes for medical imaging and carriers for targeted drug delivery systems. While MNPs are expected to be the future of cancer diagnosis and precision drug delivery, more research is still required to minimize their toxicity and improve their efficacy. An ideal MNP for clinical applications should be precisely engineered to be stable to act as tracers or deliver drugs to the targeted sites, release drug components only at the targeted sites and have minimal health risks. Our review aims to consolidate the recent improvements in MNPs for clinical applications as well as discuss the future research prospects and potential of MNPs in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Li
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17121, Sweden
| | - Weiyuan Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Mina Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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