1
|
Xie X, Zhai J, Zhou X, Guo Z, Lo PC, Zhu G, Chan KWY, Yang M. Magnetic Particle Imaging: From Tracer Design to Biomedical Applications in Vasculature Abnormality. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306450. [PMID: 37812831 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique based on the response of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to oscillating drive fields at the center of a static magnetic gradient. In contrast to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is driven by uniform magnetic fields and projects the anatomic information of the subjects, MPI directly tracks and quantifies MNPs in vivo without background signals. Moreover, it does not require radioactive tracers and has no limitations on imaging depth. This article first introduces the basic principles of MPI and important features of MNPs for imaging sensitivity, spatial resolution, and targeted biodistribution. The latest research aiming to optimize the performance of MPI tracers is reviewed based on their material composition, physical properties, and surface modifications. While the unique advantages of MPI have led to a series of promising biomedical applications, recent development of MPI in investigating vascular abnormalities in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and cancer are also discussed. Finally, recent progress and challenges in the clinical translation of MPI are discussed to provide possible directions for future research and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Xie
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jiao Zhai
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhengjun Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wolf A, Zink A, Stiegler LMS, Branscheid R, Apeleo Zubiri B, Müssig S, Peukert W, Walter J, Spiecker E, Mandel K. Magnetic in situ determination of surface coordination motifs by utilizing the degree of particle agglomeration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:633-643. [PMID: 37321082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most analytical techniques used to study the surface chemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are barely suitable for in situ investigations in liquids, where SPIONs are mostly applied for hyperthermia therapy, diagnostic biosensing, magnetic particle imaging or water purification. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) can resolve changes in magnetic interactions of SPIONs within seconds at ambient conditions. Herein, we show that by adding mono- and divalent cations to citric acid capped SPIONs, the degree of agglomeration can be utilized to study the selectivity of cations towards surface coordination motifs via MPS. A favored chelate agent, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for divalent cations, removes cations from coordination sites on the SPION surface and causes redispersion of agglomerates. The magnetic determination thereof represents what we call a "magnetically indicated complexometric titration". The relevance of agglomerate sizes for the MPS signal response is studied on a model system of SPIONs and the surfactant cetrimonium bromide (CTAB). Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) reveal that large micron-sized agglomerates are required to significantly change the MPS signal response. With this work, a fast and easy-to-use characterization method to determine surface coordination motifs of magnetic nanoparticles in optically dense media is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Professorship for Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Professorship for Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa M S Stiegler
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Branscheid
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Müssig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Professorship for Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Walter
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Mandel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Professorship for Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuznetsov AA, Novak EV, Pyanzina ES, Kantorovich SS. Structural and magnetic equilibrium properties of a semi-dilute suspension of magnetic multicore nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Harvell-Smith S, Tung LD, Thanh NTK. Magnetic particle imaging: tracer development and the biomedical applications of a radiation-free, sensitive, and quantitative imaging modality. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3658-3697. [PMID: 35080544 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging tracer-based modality that enables real-time three-dimensional imaging of the non-linear magnetisation produced by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), in the presence of an external oscillating magnetic field. As a technique, it produces highly sensitive radiation-free tomographic images with absolute quantitation. Coupled with a high contrast, as well as zero signal attenuation at-depth, there are essentially no limitations to where that can be imaged within the body. These characteristics enable various biomedical applications of clinical interest. In the opening sections of this review, the principles of image generation are introduced, along with a detailed comparison of the fundamental properties of this technique with other common imaging modalities. The main feature is a presentation on the up-to-date literature for the development of SPIONs tailored for improved imaging performance, and developments in the current and promising biomedical applications of this emerging technique, with a specific focus on theranostics, cell tracking and perfusion imaging. Finally, we will discuss recent progress in the clinical translation of MPI. As signal detection in MPI is almost entirely dependent on the properties of the SPION employed, this work emphasises the importance of tailoring the synthetic process to produce SPIONs demonstrating specific properties and how this impacts imaging in particular applications and MPI's overall performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Harvell-Smith
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Le Duc Tung
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ludewig P, Graeser M, Forkert ND, Thieben F, Rández-Garbayo J, Rieckhoff J, Lessmann K, Förger F, Szwargulski P, Magnus T, Knopp T. Magnetic particle imaging for assessment of cerebral perfusion and ischemia. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1757. [PMID: 34617413 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading worldwide causes of death and sustained disability. Rapid and accurate assessment of cerebral perfusion is essential to diagnose and successfully treat stroke patients. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new technology with the potential to overcome some limitations of established imaging modalities. It is an innovative and radiation-free imaging technique with high sensitivity, specificity, and superior temporal resolution. MPI enables imaging and diagnosis of stroke and other neurological pathologies such as hemorrhage, tumors, and inflammatory processes. MPI scanners also offer the potential for targeted therapies of these diseases. Due to lower field requirements, MPI scanners can be designed as resistive magnets and employed as mobile devices for bedside imaging. With these advantages, MPI could accelerate and improve the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. This review provides a basic introduction to MPI, discusses its current use for stroke imaging, and addresses future applications, including the potential for clinical implementation. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Graeser
- Section for Biomedical Imaging at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institute for Individualized and Cell-based Medicine, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nils D Forkert
- Department of Radiology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Florian Thieben
- Section for Biomedical Imaging at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Javier Rández-Garbayo
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Rieckhoff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lessmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fynn Förger
- Section for Biomedical Imaging at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patryk Szwargulski
- Section for Biomedical Imaging at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Knopp
- Section for Biomedical Imaging at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luengo Morato Y, Ovejero Paredes K, Lozano Chamizo L, Marciello M, Filice M. Recent Advances in Multimodal Molecular Imaging of Cancer Mediated by Hybrid Magnetic Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2989. [PMID: 34503029 PMCID: PMC8434540 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, which is why it is so important to make an early and very precise diagnosis to obtain a good prognosis. Thanks to the combination of several imaging modalities in the form of the multimodal molecular imaging (MI) strategy, a great advance has been made in early diagnosis, in more targeted and personalized therapy, and in the prediction of the results that will be obtained once the anticancer treatment is applied. In this context, magnetic nanoparticles have been positioned as strong candidates for diagnostic agents as they provide very good imaging performance. Furthermore, thanks to their high versatility, when combined with other molecular agents (for example, fluorescent molecules or radioisotopes), they highlight the advantages of several imaging techniques at the same time. These hybrid nanosystems can be also used as multifunctional and/or theranostic systems as they can provide images of the tumor area while they administer drugs and act as therapeutic agents. Therefore, in this review, we selected and identified more than 160 recent articles and reviews and offer a broad overview of the most important concepts that support the synthesis and application of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as molecular agents in advanced cancer detection based on the multimodal molecular imaging approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurena Luengo Morato
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.L.M.); (K.O.P.); (L.L.C.)
| | - Karina Ovejero Paredes
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.L.M.); (K.O.P.); (L.L.C.)
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC F.S.P.), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lozano Chamizo
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.L.M.); (K.O.P.); (L.L.C.)
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.L.M.); (K.O.P.); (L.L.C.)
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Lab, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.L.M.); (K.O.P.); (L.L.C.)
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC F.S.P.), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crețu BEB, Dodi G, Shavandi A, Gardikiotis I, Șerban IL, Balan V. Imaging Constructs: The Rise of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:3437. [PMID: 34198906 PMCID: PMC8201099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, an important challenge in nanomedicine imaging has been the work to design multifunctional agents that can be detected by single and/or multimodal techniques. Among the broad spectrum of nanoscale materials being investigated for imaging use, iron oxide nanoparticles have gained significant attention due to their intrinsic magnetic properties, low toxicity, large magnetic moments, superparamagnetic behaviour and large surface area-the latter being a particular advantage in its conjunction with specific moieties, dye molecules, and imaging probes. Tracers-based nanoparticles are promising candidates, since they combine synergistic advantages for non-invasive, highly sensitive, high-resolution, and quantitative imaging on different modalities. This study represents an overview of current advancements in magnetic materials with clinical potential that will hopefully provide an effective system for diagnosis in the near future. Further exploration is still needed to reveal their potential as promising candidates from simple functionalization of metal oxide nanomaterials up to medical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Elena-Beatrice Crețu
- Advanced Centre for Research-Development in Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.E.-B.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Gianina Dodi
- Advanced Centre for Research-Development in Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.E.-B.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter-Biomass Transformation Lab, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Ioannis Gardikiotis
- Advanced Centre for Research-Development in Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.E.-B.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Ionela Lăcrămioara Șerban
- Physiology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Vera Balan
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monteserín M, Larumbe S, Martínez AV, Burgui S, Francisco Martín L. Recent Advances in the Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:2705-2741. [PMID: 33653440 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles have led them to be considered materials with significant potential in the biomedical field. Nanometric size, high surface-area ratio, ability to function at molecular level, exceptional magnetic and physicochemical properties, and more importantly, the relatively easy tailoring of all these properties to the specific requirements of the different biomedical applications, are some of the key factors of their success. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of different aspects of magnetic nanoparticles, specially focusing on their use in biomedicine. We will explore their magnetic properties, synthetic methods and surface modifications, as well as their most significative physicochemical properties and their impact on the in vivo behaviour of these particles. Furthermore, we will provide a background on different applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine, such as magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, imaging contrast agents or theranostics. Besides, current limitations and challenges of these materials, as well as their future prospects in the biomedical field will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monteserín
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Silvia Larumbe
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Alejandro V Martínez
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Saioa Burgui
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - L Francisco Martín
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arsalani S, Löwa N, Kosch O, Radon P, Baffa O, Wiekhorst F. Magnetic separation of iron oxide nanoparticles to improve their application for magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:015002. [PMID: 33227720 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abcd19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a promising medical imaging technique for visualizing the three-dimensional distribution of tracer materials, specifically iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP). The optimization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) plays an essential role to improve the image resolution and sensitivity of imaging techniques. OBJECTIVE In this work, the optimization of commercial IONP (EMG 700, Ferrotec) coated with anionic surfactants was carried out using magnetic separation (MS) technique, by a low gradient magnetic separation (LGMS) (<15 T m-1) method, to improve their performance as MPI tracers. APPROACH The magnetophoretical behavior of the samples in different concentrations ranging from 2 to 120 mmol l-1 was investigated over 24 h of separation. The samples were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), AC susceptibility (ACS), magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and they were imaged in a preclinical MPI scanner, before and after MS. MAIN RESULTS DLS results showed that by increasing the concentration from 2 to 120 mmol l-1 the hydrodynamic diameter of MNP decrease from 75 to 47 nm and size distribution decrease from 0.19 to 0.11 after 4 min MS. In addition, the MPS results demonstrated the third harmonic amplitude normalized to the iron amount [Formula: see text] and harmonic ratio [Formula: see text] of signal increase from 8.38 to 10.59 Am2 kg-1 (Fe) and 24.21-26.60, respectively. Furthermore, the MPI images of the samples after separation showed higher MPI resolution. SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, LGMS can be considered as a valuable method to narrow and control the size distribution of MNP for MPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Arsalani
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.,Departament of Physics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-91, Brazil
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Kosch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Radon
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oswaldo Baffa
- Departament of Physics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-91, Brazil
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Microemulsion Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Bioapplications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010427. [PMID: 33406682 PMCID: PMC7795751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles have seen increased potential in medical and environmental applications. Their preparation is traditionally made by the coprecipitation method, with limited control over the particle size distribution. Microemulsion methods could be advantageous due to the efficient control of the size, shape, and composition of the nanoparticles obtained. Water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions consist of aqueous microdomains dispersed in a continuous oil phase, stabilized by surfactant molecules. These work as nanoreactors where the synthesis of the desired nanoparticles takes place through a co-precipitation chemical reaction. In this work, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles with average diameters between 5.4 and 7.2 nm and large monodispersity have been synthesized through precipitation in a W/O microemulsion, with Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) as a main surfactant, 1-butanol as a cosurfactant, and with 1-hexanol as the continuous oily phase. The optimization of the corresponding washing protocol has also been established since a strict control is required when using these materials for bioapplications. Their applicability in those has been proved by their encapsulation in liposomes, being tested as signal enhancers for lateral flow immunoassays by using the affinity neutravidin-biotin model system. Due to their magnetic behaviour, they were also tested for magnetic separation. These novel materials have been found to be useful for analytical applications requiring high sensitivity and the removal of interferences.
Collapse
|
11
|
Han X, Li Y, Liu W, Chen X, Song Z, Wang X, Deng Y, Tang X, Jiang Z. The Applications of Magnetic Particle Imaging: From Cell to Body. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E800. [PMID: 33050139 PMCID: PMC7600969 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a cutting-edge imaging technique that is attracting increasing attention. This novel technique collects signals from superparamagnetic nanoparticles as its imaging tracer. It has characteristics such as linear quantitativity, positive contrast, unlimited penetration, no radiation, and no background signal from surrounding tissue. These characteristics enable various medical applications. In this paper, we first introduce the development and imaging principles of MPI. Then, we discuss the current major applications of MPI by dividing them into four categories: cell tracking, blood pool imaging, tumor imaging, and visualized magnetic hyperthermia. Even though research on MPI is still in its infancy, we hope this discussion will promote interest in the applications of MPI and encourage the design of tracers tailored for MPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhenqi Jiang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (X.C.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (X.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang X, Wang K, Du J, Tian J, Zhang H. The first visualization of chemotherapy-induced tumor apoptosis via magnetic particle imaging in a mouse model. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:195004. [PMID: 32764190 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abad7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Imaging technologies that allow non-radiative visualization and quantification of apoptosis have a great potential for assessing therapy response, early diagnosis, and disease monitoring. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), the direct imaging of magnetic nanoparticles as positive contrast agent and sole signal source, enables high image contrast (no tissue background signal), potential high sensitivity, and quantifiable signal intensity. These properties confer a great potential for application to tumor apoptosis monitoring. In this study, a simple and robust method was used to conjugate Alexa Fluor 647-AnnexinV (AF647-Anx), which can avidly bind to apoptotic cells, to superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, termed AF647-Anx-SPIO, which serves as an MPI-detectable tracer. Based on this apoptosis-specific tracer, MPI can accurately and unambiguously detect and quantify apoptotic tumor cells. AF647-Anx-SPIO showed relatively high affinity for apoptotic cells, and differences in binding between treated (apoptotic rate 67.21% ± 1.36%) and untreated (apoptotic rate 10.12 ± 0.11%) cells could be detected by MPI in vitro (P < 0.05). Moreover, the imaging signal was almost proportional to the number of apoptotic cells determined using an MPI scanner (R 2 = 0.99). There was a greater accumulation of AF647-Anx-SPIO in tumors of drug-treated animals than in tumors of untreated animals (P < 0.05), and the difference could be detected by MPI ex vivo, while for in vivo imaging, no MPI imaging signal was detected in either group. Overall, this preliminary study demonstrates that MPI could be a potential imaging modality for tumor apoptosis imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China. College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The field of nanomedicine has recently emerged as a product of the expansion of a range of nanotechnologies into biomedical science, pharmacology and clinical practice. Due to the unique properties of nanoparticles and the related nanostructures, their applications to medical diagnostics, imaging, controlled drug and gene delivery, monitoring of therapeutic outcomes, and aiding in medical interventions, provide a new perspective for challenging problems in such demanding issues as those involved in the treatment of cancer or debilitating neurological diseases. In this review, we evaluate the role and contributions that the applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have made to various aspects of nanomedicine, including the newest magnetic particle imaging (MPI) technology allowing for outstanding spatial and temporal resolution that enables targeted contrast enhancement and real-time assistance during medical interventions. We also evaluate the applications of MNPs to the development of targeted drug delivery systems with magnetic field guidance/focusing and controlled drug release that mitigate chemotherapeutic drugs’ side effects and damage to healthy cells. These systems enable tackling of multiple drug resistance which develops in cancer cells during chemotherapeutic treatment. Furthermore, the progress in development of ROS- and heat-generating magnetic nanocarriers and magneto-mechanical cancer cell destruction, induced by an external magnetic field, is also discussed. The crucial roles of MNPs in the development of biosensors and microfluidic paper array devices (µPADs) for the detection of cancer biomarkers and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are also assessed. Future challenges concerning the role and contributions of MNPs to the progress in nanomedicine have been outlined.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gloag L, Mehdipour M, Ulanova M, Mariandry K, Nichol MA, Hernández-Castillo DJ, Gaudet J, Qiao R, Zhang J, Nelson M, Thierry B, Alvarez-Lemus MA, Tan TT, Gooding JJ, Braidy N, Sachdev PS, Tilley RD. Zero valent iron core–iron oxide shell nanoparticles as small magnetic particle imaging tracers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3504-3507. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zero valent iron core–iron oxide shell nanoparticles coated with a multi-phosphonate brush co-polymer are shown to be small and effective magnetic nanoparticle imaging tracers.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kratz H, Mohtashamdolatshahi A, Eberbeck D, Kosch O, Hauptmann R, Wiekhorst F, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Schnorr J. MPI Phantom Study with A High-Performing Multicore Tracer Made by Coprecipitation. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101466. [PMID: 31623127 PMCID: PMC6835925 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging technique that detects the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with the option of high temporal resolution. MPI relies on particular MNP as tracers with tailored characteristics for improvement of sensitivity and image resolution. For this reason, we developed optimized multicore particles (MCP 3) made by coprecipitation via synthesis of green rust and subsequent oxidation to iron oxide cores consisting of a magnetite/maghemite mixed phase. MCP 3 shows high saturation magnetization close to that of bulk maghemite and provides excellent magnetic particle spectroscopy properties which are superior to Resovist® and any other up to now published MPI tracers made by coprecipitation. To evaluate the MPI characteristics of MCP 3 two kinds of tube phantoms were prepared and investigated to assess sensitivity, spatial resolution, artifact severity, and selectivity. Resovist® was used as standard of comparison. For image reconstruction, the regularization factor was optimized, and the resulting images were investigated in terms of quantifying of volumes and iron content. Our results demonstrate the superiority of MCP 3 over Resovist® for all investigated MPI characteristics and suggest that MCP 3 is promising for future experimental in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Kratz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Azadeh Mohtashamdolatshahi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Olaf Kosch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Hauptmann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shasha C, Teeman E, Krishnan KM. Nanoparticle core size optimization for magnetic particle imaging. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Zero-Field and Field-Induced Interactions between Multicore Magnetic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050718. [PMID: 31075888 PMCID: PMC6566794 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the Langevin dynamics simulation method is used to study magnetic interactions between a pair of multicore magnetic nanoparticles subjected to a uniform magnetic field. Multicore nanoparticles are modelled as spherical rigid clusters of single-domain superparamagnetic cores coupled via dipole-dipole interactions. It is shown that the magnetic force between two well-separated clusters in a strong applied field can be accurately described within the induced point-dipole approximation. However, this approximation also assumes that there are no interactions between clusters in the zero-field limit. On the contrary, simulations indicate the existence of a relatively small attractive magnetic force between clusters, even in the absence of an applied field. It is shown that this force is a direct superparamagnetic analog of the van der Waals interaction between a pair of dielectric spheres.
Collapse
|