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Marín-García PJ, Llobat L, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Larsen T, Pascual JJ, Hedemann MS. Biomarkers for ideal protein: rabbit diet metabolomics varying key amino acids. Commun Biol 2024; 7:712. [PMID: 38858508 PMCID: PMC11164918 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the main aim of identifying biomarkers that contribute to defining the concept of ideal protein in growing rabbits under the most diverse conditions possible this work describes two different experiments. Experiment 1: 24 growing rabbits are included at 56 days of age. The rabbits are fed ad libitum one of the two experimental diets only differing in lysine levels. Experiment 2: 53 growing rabbits are included at 46 days of age, under a fasting and eating one of the five experimental diets, with identical chemical composition except for the three typically limiting amino acids (being fed commercial diets ad libitum in both experiments). Blood samples are taken for targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis. Here we show that the metabolic phenotype undergoes alterations when animals experience a rapid dietary shift in the amino acid levels. While some of the differential metabolites can be attributed directly to changes in specific amino acids, creatinine, urea, hydroxypropionic acid and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid are suggested as a biomarker of amino acid imbalances in growing rabbits' diets, since its changes are not attributable to a single amino acid. The fluctuations in their levels suggest intricate amino acid interactions. Consequently, we propose these metabolites as promising biomarkers for further research into the concept of the ideal protein using rabbit as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Torben Larsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mette Skou Hedemann
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Zheng W, Duan H, Cao L, Mao S, Shen J. Acid-base properties of non-protein nitrogen affect nutrients intake, rumen fermentation and antioxidant capacity of fattening Hu sheep. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1381871. [PMID: 38596467 PMCID: PMC11002212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study conducted a comparison of the effects of non-protein nitrogen with different acid-base properties on feed intake, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and antioxidant capacity in fattening Hu sheep. Sixteen fattening male sheep (31.43 ± 2.41 kg) with permanent rumen cannulas were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: 1% urea and 1.78% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, AC). A 42 days experimental period was conducted, with 14 days for adaptation and 28 days for treatment. Daily feed intake was recorded and various samples including feed, feces, rumen fluid, and blood were collected at different time points during the final week. The results indicated that the urea group had significantly higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and gain efficiency in comparison to the AC group (p < 0.01). There was no difference in rumen pH and concentration of ammonia nitrogen between different groups (p > 0.05), but the rumen pH of urea group was higher than that of the AC group at 1 and 3 h after feeding (p < 0.05). The urea group exhibited higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and individual VFAs compared to the AC group at all-time points (p < 0.01). Compared to the urea group, the intake of all nutrients decreased in the AC group (p < 0.01), but the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter increased significantly (p < 0.01), and the digestibility of CP had an increasing trend (p = 0.06) in the AC group. Additionally, the urea group had lower levels of serum glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, Cl, total protein and globulin than the AC group (p < 0.05). The overall levels of HCO3-, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, albumin/globulin, blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol in the urea group increased significantly compared to the AC group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that adding urea to the high-concentrate diet resulted in increased rumen pH and improved rumen fermentation and growth performance in fattening sheep compared to NH4Cl addition. Furthermore, urea addition improved sheep's antioxidant capacity and maintained their acid-base balance more effectively as compared to NH4Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwen Cao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junshi Shen
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wu N, Liu T, Tian M, Liu C, Ma S, Cao H, Bian H, Wang L, Feng Y, Qi J. Albumin, an interesting and functionally diverse protein, varies from 'native' to 'effective' (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:24. [PMID: 38099350 PMCID: PMC10784728 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumins (HSAs) are synthesized in the liver and are the most abundant proteins in plasma of healthy human. They play an important role in the pathophysiological processes of the liver and even the whole organism. Previous studies have mainly focused on the regulation of HSAs' expression. However, with the progress of research in recent years, it has been found that the content of circulating albumin cannot fully reflect the biological function of albumin itself. Given the aforementioned fact, the concept of serum 'effective albumin concentration' has been proposed. It refers to the content of albumin that is structurally and functionally intact. Alterations in the molecular structure and function of albumin have been reported in a variety of diseases, including liver disease. Moreover, these changes have been verified to affect the progression of oxidative stress‑related diseases. However, the link between albumin structure and function has not been fully elaborated, and the mechanisms by which different forms of albumin affect disease also need to be further investigated. In this context, the present review mainly expounded the biological characteristics and functions of albumin, summarized the different types of post‑translational modification of albumin, and discussed their functional changes and possible mechanisms in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, viral hepatitis and different stages of cirrhosis. This will help to improve understanding of the role of albumin in disease development and provide a more comprehensive physiological basis for it in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Çiçekli E, Sarıca Darol E. Investigation of the Albumin/Globulin Ratio as a Biomarker in Restless Legs Syndrome. Cureus 2024; 16:e51671. [PMID: 38313993 PMCID: PMC10838168 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Measurement of serum/plasma levels of inflammatory factors in restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been the subject of a few studies, as various inflammatory diseases may demonstrate an association with RLS. The albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) is a parameter that considers two proteins that are indicators of inflammation and has been shown to increase in some inflammatory diseases. No study has evaluated the relationship between RLS and AGR yet. In our study, we examined the usability of AGR as a diagnostic biomarker in RLS patients. Methodology A total of 88 patients and 89 control individuals were included in the study retrospectively. The two groups were compared in terms of AGR levels. RLS patients were divided into four groups according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale score and the relationship between disease severity and AGR values was examined. Results Albumin levels of the study group were higher than the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding globulin and AGR levels. Conclusions Serum albumin levels could be useful in RLS compared to globulin or AGR values. This needs to be supported by new studies with larger patient series, multicenter design, and including multiple parameters such as patients' muscle mass, nutritional habits, and exercise status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Sarıca Darol
- Neurology, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, TUR
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Shinagawa A, Yamazaki T, Minematsu A, Serizawa N, Hosoi Y, Ninomiya Y, Miyakoshi Y, Yano T, Ota M. Changes in homocysteine and non-mercaptoalbumin levels after acute exercise: a crossover study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 37062848 PMCID: PMC10108454 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00656-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exercise is one factor that increases blood homocysteine levels, and elevated homocysteine levels cause oxidative stress. Albumin, which is abundant in blood, is an antioxidant, and the redox state of albumin is used as an index of oxidative stress in blood. This study aimed to assess the effect of acute exercise on plasma homocysteine levels and the blood non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio as an oxidative stress marker. METHODS This study used a crossover design with exercise and control conditions. Under exercise conditions, a bicycle ergometer was used to perform 40 min of transient constant-load exercise at 65% heart rate reserve. Under control conditions, participants rested for 40 min. Blood was collected before, 30 min after, and 90 min after exercise, and at the same time points under control conditions. Samples were analyzed for the homocysteine concentration and non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio. RESULTS The results revealed that a 65% heart rate reserve and 40 min of acute exercise increased plasma homocysteine concentration and non-mercaptoalbumin ratio. In the intra-condition comparison, the plasma Hcy concentration was significantly increased at Post 30 min (+ 0.83 ± 0.70 µmol/L, P = 0.003) compared with that at Pre in the exercise condition. Furthermore, 90 min after exercise, the blood non-mercaptoalbumin ratio was significantly increased (+ 0.35 ± 0.71%, P = 0.030) compared to Pre. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the plasma Hcy concentration first increased, and then the non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio increased as the elevated state was maintained. This study revealed that 65% heart rate reserve, 40 min of acute exercise increased plasma Hcy concentration and non-mercaptoalbumin ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiho Shinagawa
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamazaki
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Ayako Minematsu
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Naho Serizawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuri Hosoi
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ninomiya
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miyakoshi
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Department of Nutritional and Health Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oragunn, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Masako Ota
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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Wada A, Nakamura M, Kobayashi K, Kuroda A, Harada D, Kido S, Kuwahata M. Effects of amino acids and albumin administration on albumin metabolism in surgically stressed rats: A basic nutritional study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:399-407. [PMID: 36597725 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition therapy and administration of albumin preparations are common in postsurgical patients. However, the effects of these interventions on albumin metabolism are unclear. We elucidated the effect of postoperative albumin and/or parenteral nutrition administration on it. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgery involving intestinal rubbing followed by intestinal exposure. Subsequently, they were administered experimental solutions for 48 h, their blood samples were collected at 24 and 48 h, and livers were excised at 48 h. Based on experimental solutions, rats were divided into five groups: non-surgical (Non-surg); glucose and electrolyte solution (GE); amino acid, glucose, and electrolyte solution (AGE); GE + rat serum albumin (Alb) (GE + Alb); and AGE + Alb. Their plasma albumin concentrations; albumin fractional synthesis rate (ALB FSR); mercaptoalbumin/total albumin ratio (MA ratio); and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of albumin and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF-1) in the liver were measured. RESULTS The GE and AGE groups showed significant decline in albumin concentrations. ALB FSR was significantly enhanced in the AGE group compared with the GE group. The mRNA expression of albumin was similar to ALB FSR in all groups and that of HNF-1 was significantly decreased in the GE + Alb and AGE + Alb groups compared with the Non-surg group. The MA ratio in the AGE group was similar to the Non-surg group. CONCLUSION The administration of amino acids comprising parenteral nutrition after surgery augmented ALB FSR and maintained the MA ratio only without simultaneous albumin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Wada
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Japan
| | - Mika Nakamura
- Medical Affairs Department, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Kiyoka Kobayashi
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kuroda
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harada
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kido
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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Horcas-Nieto JM, Versloot CJ, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Gerding A, Blokzijl T, Koster MH, Baanstra M, Martini IA, Coppes RP, Bourdon C, van Ijzendoorn SCD, Kim P, Bandsma RHJ, Bakker BM. Organoids as a model to study intestinal and liver dysfunction in severe malnutrition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166635. [PMID: 36581145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M Horcas-Nieto
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian J Versloot
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjasso Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H Koster
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Baanstra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cell & Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A Martini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cell & Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Céline Bourdon
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sven C D van Ijzendoorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cell & Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kim
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Zhao J, Huang Y, Yu X. Effects of nutritional supplement and resistance training for sarcopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30386. [PMID: 36042627 PMCID: PMC9410600 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional supplementation and resistance training are broadly recommended as part of the treatment of sarcopenia, but studies that have evaluated interventions in inflammatory bowel disease patients with sarcopenia are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutritional supplementation and resistance training for improving height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/H2) and medical indices in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of forty-five participants was performed at Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai from September 2020 to June 2021. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive whey protein (10 g/d) or placebo (10 g/d) for 8 weeks while completing a resistance training program (3 times a week). Data such as ASM/H2 and other medical indices were collected at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Fifteen participants were allocated to the resistance training and whey protein (RT+WP) group, and thirteen participants were allocated to the resistance training and placebo (RT+placebo) group. The ASM/H2 significantly increased in the RT+WP group after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention, and the ASM/H2 of the RT+WP group was significantly higher than that of the RT+placebo group after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention (F = 1.092, P = .035). Both interventions significantly increased albumin (F = 7.214, P = .003). Hemoglobin and creatinine significantly increased in the RT+WP group (F = 3.592, P = .035; F = 3.922, P = .033, respectively). In addition, a significant group × time interaction was not observed for body mass index, 5-time chair stand test time, 3-metre walk speed, grip strength, waist circumference, hip circumference, or waist-to-hip ratio (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Nutritional supplementation may be effective in improving sarcopenia, as well as many other physiological indicators during resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Yu, 221 Yan’an West Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Singh S, Singh K. Blood Urea Nitrogen/Albumin Ratio and Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:626-631. [PMID: 35719434 PMCID: PMC9160634 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We researched blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and their ratio (BAR), and compared them with C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and computed tomography severity scores (CT-SS), to predict in-hospital mortality. Methods One-hundred and thirty-one coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) confirmed patients brought to the emergency department (ED) were dispensed to the survivor or non-survivor group, in light of in-hospital mortality. Information on age, gender, complaints, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and outcome were gathered from the patient's record files. Results The median BUN, mean total protein, mean albumin, median BAR, median creatinine, median CRP, and median D-dimer were recorded. CT-SS were utilized in categorizing the patient as mild, moderate, and severe. In-hospital mortality occurred in 42 (32.06%) patients (non-survivor group) and did not occur in 89 (67.94%) patients (survivor group). The median BUN (mg/dL) and BAR (mg/gm) values were significantly raised in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group [BUN: 23.48 (7.51–62.75) and 20.66 (4.07–74.67), respectively (p = 0.009); BAR: 8.33 mg/g (2.07–21.86) and 6.11 mg/g (1.26–23.33); (p = 0.0003)]. The mean albumin levels (gm/dL) in the non-survivor group were significantly lower than in the survivor group [2.96 ± 0.35 and 3.27 ± 0.35, respectively (p <0.0001)]. Albumin with an odd's ratio of 6.14 performed the best in predicting in-hospital mortality, followed by D-dimer (4.98). BAR and CRP had similar outcome of 3.75; BUN showed an OR of 3.13 at the selected cutoff value. Conclusion The BUN, albumin, and BAR were found to be dependable predictors of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients, with albumin (hypoalbuminemia) performing even better. How to cite this article Singh S, Singh K. Blood Urea Nitrogen/Albumin Ratio and Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(5):626–631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
- Swarnima Singh, Department of Biochemistry, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India, e-mail:
| | - Kunal Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
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Farrugia A, Mori F. Therapeutic solutions of human albumin - The possible effect of process-induced molecular alterations on clinical efficacy and safety. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1292-1308. [PMID: 35276228 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human albumin solutions were developed as therapeutic during the Second World War to address blood loss due to battlefield injury. This indication was based on the recognition that albumin provided most of the oncotic capacity of human plasma. For the succeeding sixty years, this formed the basis for the use of albumin in traumatology and emergency medicine. In more recent times, the pharmacological properties arising from albumin's complex structure have become a focus of attention by clinical researchers. In particular, albumin, through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, has been proposed as an agent for the treatment of sepsis, cirrhosis and other inflammatory states. Some evidence for these indications has accrued from a number of small clinical trials and observational studies. These studies have not been confirmed in other large trials. Together with other investigators, we have shown that the process of plasma fractionation results in alterations in the structure of albumin, including those parts of the molecule involved in anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Albumin products from diverse manufacturers show heterogeneity in their ability to address these effects. In this article, we review the historical development of albumin solutions, pointing out the variations in fractionation chemistries which different manufacturers have adopted. We suggest ways by which the manufacturing processes have contributed to variations in the physico-chemical properties of molecule. We review the outcomes of clinical studies assessing the role of albumin in ameliorating conditions such as sepsis and cirrhosis, and we speculate as to the extent which heterogeneity in the products may have contributed to variable clinical outcomes. Finally, we argue for a change in the perception of the plasma product industry and its regulatory overseers. Historically, albumin has been viewed as a generic commodity, with different preparations being interchangeable in their clinical application. We suggest that this implied biosimilarity is not necessarily applicable for different albumin solutions. The use of albumin, in indications other than its historical role as a plasma expander, can only be validated by clinical investigation of each separate albumin product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Farrugia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Perth, Australia.
| | - Filippo Mori
- Kedrion S.p.A., Research and Innovation Department, Via di Fondovalle, Loc., Bolognana 55027, Gallicano (LU), Italy
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11
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Dang DX, Zhou H, Lou Y, Li D. Effects of in ovo feeding of disaccharide and/or methionine on hatchability, growth performance, blood hematology, and serum antioxidant parameters in geese. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6517535. [PMID: 35094079 PMCID: PMC8867591 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A completely randomized design employing a 2 × 2 factorial experiment was designed in this study to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of disaccharide (DS) and/or methionine (Met) on hatchability, growth performance, blood hematology, and serum antioxidant parameters in geese. A total of 600 fertilized geese's eggs containing live embryo were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 6 replicates and 25 eggs per replicate. Factors in four groups comprised noninjection, DS injection (25 g/L maltose + 25 g/L sucrose + 7.5 g/L NaCl), Met injection (5 g/L Met + 7.5 g/L NaCl), or DS plus Met injection (25 g/L maltose + 25 g/L sucrose + 5 g/L Met + 7.5 g/L NaCl), respectively. We found that the administration of DS in embryo increased hatching time, yolk sac-free carcass weight, yolk sac-free carcass indexes and decreased assisted hatching ratio, yolk sac weight, yolk sac indexes, but did not affect hatchability and mortality. Moreover, higher body weight and serum glucose concentrations in DS injection group compared with noninjection group were observed on day of hatching. The body weight and average daily gain (ADG) of geese in DS injection group were higher than noninjection group after incubation. In ovo injection of Met increased hatching time and yolk sac-free carcass indexes, but decreased yolk sac indexes. In addition, the strategy of in ovo feeding of Met led to higher body weight, ADG, serum uric acid, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase concentrations, as well as lower GSSG/GSH ratio, serum glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations than the noninjection group on day of hatching. The post-hatching body weight, ADG, serum total protein, albumin, and uric acid concentrations increased, whereas post-hatching serum GSSG and MDA concentrations and GSSG/GSH ratio decreased when injected with Met. In addition, synergistic effects of in ovo injection of DS plus Met on hatching time as well as post-hatching body weight and ADG were observed. Therefore, in ovo injection of DS plus Met was demonstrated to be a way to improve the development of geese during early incubation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China,Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Haizhu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Desheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China,Corresponding author:
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12
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Al-Samarrai RFM, Jassim AA, Abd-AlWahab WIA. Effect of Asian jerry fish oil silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843) on some biochemical and physiological variables in male rabbits with induced asthma. 1ST SAMARRA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES (SICPS2021): SICPS2021 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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13
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Zhang J, Wang T, Fang Y, Wang M, Liu W, Zhao J, Wang B, Wu Z, Lv Y, Wu R. Clinical Significance of Serum Albumin/Globulin Ratio in Patients With Pyogenic Liver Abscess. Front Surg 2021; 8:677799. [PMID: 34917645 PMCID: PMC8669143 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.677799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) remains a significant challenge for modern clinicians. Serum albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) can reflect the progress of many diseases. However, the clinical significance of AGR in PLA has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of AGR on the clinical characteristic and prognosis in PLA patients. This retrospective study included 392 PLA patients who admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January, 2007 to December, 2016. The medical records on admission were collected. Compared with the healthy controls and the patients with extraperitoneal infection or non-infectious liver disease, PLA patients had lower levels of AGR. The mean level of AGR in PLA patients was 1.02 ± 0.25. There were 179 (45.4%) patients with AGR > 1.02 and 213 (54.6%) patients with AGR ≤ 1.02. The baseline data and treatment plans of PLA patients with high or low AGR were comparative. However, PLA patients with a low AGR had higher body temperature, leukocytes and neutrophils, lower hemoglobin, poorer liver and coagulation function, larger abscess diameter, higher positive rate of pus culture and proportion of Escherichia coli, and were more susceptible to multiple bacteria. Moreover, PLA patients with a low AGR had more complications, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), peritoneal effusion and pleural effusion. And it also needs longer time for temperature normalization and hospital stay. In conclusion, PLA patients have lower AGR and lower AGR is associated with worse clinical manifestations, more complications and poorer prognosis. Thus, monitoring of AGR is of great clinical significance for evaluating the progress of PLA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Fang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wuming Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junzhou Zhao
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Wada Y, Ehara T, Tabata F, Komatsu Y, Izumi H, Kawakami S, Noshiro K, Umazume T, Takeda Y. Maternal Serum Albumin Redox State Is Associated with Infant Birth Weight in Japanese Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061764. [PMID: 34067270 PMCID: PMC8224550 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasma albumin (ALB) reflects protein nutritional status in rats, but it is not clear whether it is associated with dietary protein insufficiency in pregnant women and/or their risk of low birth weight delivery. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal serum ALB redox state reflects maternal protein nutritional status and/or is associated with infant birth weights. Methods: The relationship between the serum reduced ALB ratio and infant birth weight was examined in an observational study of 229 Japanese pregnant women. A rat model simulating fetal growth restriction, induced by protein-energy restriction, was used to elucidate the relationship between maternal nutritional status, maternal serum ALB redox state, and birth weight of the offspring. Results: In the human study, serum reduced ALB ratio in the third trimester was significantly and positively correlated with infant birth weight. In the rat study, serum reduced ALB ratio and birth weight in the litter decreased as the degree of protein-energy restriction intensified, and a significant and positive correlation was observed between them in late pregnancy. Conclusions: Maternal serum reduced ALB ratio in the third trimester is positively associated with infant birth weight in Japanese pregnant women, which would be mediated by maternal protein nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (T.E.); (F.T.); (Y.K.); (H.I.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-46-252-3046 (ext. 3055)
| | - Tatsuya Ehara
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (T.E.); (F.T.); (Y.K.); (H.I.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Fuka Tabata
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (T.E.); (F.T.); (Y.K.); (H.I.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yosuke Komatsu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (T.E.); (F.T.); (Y.K.); (H.I.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Izumi
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (T.E.); (F.T.); (Y.K.); (H.I.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Satomi Kawakami
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (T.E.); (F.T.); (Y.K.); (H.I.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Noshiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan; (K.N.); (T.U.)
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan; (K.N.); (T.U.)
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (T.E.); (F.T.); (Y.K.); (H.I.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
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15
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Zheng H, Jin S, Li T, Ying W, Ying B, Chen D, Ning J, Zheng C, Li Y, Li C, Chen C, Li X, Gao H. Metabolomics reveals sex-specific metabolic shifts and predicts the duration from positive to negative in non-severe COVID-19 patients during recovery process. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1863-1873. [PMID: 33841749 PMCID: PMC8021501 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling in COVID-19 patients has been associated with disease severity, but there is no report on sex-specific metabolic changes in discharged survivors. Herein we used an integrated approach of LC-MS-and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics to analyze plasma metabolic characteristics in men and women with non-severe COVID-19 at both acute period and 30 days after discharge. The results demonstrate that metabolic alterations in plasma of COVID-19 patients during the recovery and rehabilitation process were presented in a sex specific manner. Overall, the levels of most metabolites were increased in COVID-19 patients after the cure relative to acute period. The major plasma metabolic changes were identified including fatty acids in men and glycerophosphocholines and carbohydrates in women. In addition, we found that women had shorter length of hospitalization than men and metabolic characteristics may contribute to predict the duration from positive to negative in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Collectively, this study shed light on sex-specific metabolic shifts in non-severe COVID-19 patients during the recovery process, suggesting a sex bias in prognostic and therapeutic evaluations based on metabolic profiling.
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Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AP, Acute period (AP)
- APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
- BCAAs, Branched‐chain amino acids
- BP, Blood platelet
- CA, Carbamide
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Novel coronavirus disease 2019
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DAA, Dehydroascorbic acid
- DD, D-dimer
- DP, Diastolic pressure
- FIB, Fibrinogen
- FP, Follow-up period
- Fatty acid
- GPCs, Glycerophosphocholines
- HGB, Hemoglobin
- LY, Lymphocyte
- Metabolism
- NG, Neutrophilic granulocyte
- NK, Natural killer
- PCT, Procalcitonin
- PLS-DA, Partial least squares-discriminant analysis
- PLSR, Partial least squares regression
- PT, Prothrombin time
- PTC, Phosphatidylcholine
- RDW, Red cell distribution width
- RR, Respiratory rate
- S1P, Sphingosine-1-phosphate
- SARS-CoV
- Sex difference
- TBL, Total B lymphocyte
- TTL, Total T lymphocyte
- WBC, White blood cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ting Li
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Weiyang Ying
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binyu Ying
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Jie Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chanfan Zheng
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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16
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Serum Albumin Redox States: More Than Oxidative Stress Biomarker. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040503. [PMID: 33804859 PMCID: PMC8063786 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin is the most abundant circulating protein in mammals including humans. It has three isoforms according to the redox state of the free cysteine residue at position 34, named as mercaptalbumin (reduced albumin), non-mercaptalbumin-1 and -2 (oxidized albumin), respectively. The serum albumin redox state has long been viewed as a biomarker of systemic oxidative stress, as the redox state shifts to a more oxidized state in response to the severity of the pathological condition in various diseases such as liver diseases and renal failures. However, recent ex vivo studies revealed oxidized albumin per se could aggravate the pathological conditions. Furthermore, the possibility of the serum albumin redox state as a sensitive protein nutrition biomarker has also been demonstrated in a series of animal studies. A paradigm shift is thus ongoing in the research field of the serum albumin. This article provides an updated overview of analytical techniques for serum albumin redox state and its association with human health, focusing on recent findings.
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17
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Williamson-Reisdorph CM, Quindry TS, Tiemessen KG, Cuddy J, Hailes W, Slivka D, Ruby BC, Quindry JC. Blood oxidative stress and post-exercise recovery are unaffected byhypobaric and hypoxic environments. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1356-1365. [PMID: 33423613 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1872960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypobaria and hypoxia exert independent effects on oxidative stress during exercise, while combined effectson the post-exercise recovery period remain unclear.Accordingly, this study examined the recovery period during lab-simulated hypoxic and hypobaric conditions following exercise-induced oxidative stress. Participants (n=13) performed 60-minutes of cycling (70% watts max) in a normobaric normoxic environment followed by a four-hour recovery under three conditions; 1000m normobaric normoxia (NN, 675mmHg), 4400m normobaric hypoxia (NH, 675mmHg), or 4400m hypobaric hypoxia (HH, 440mmHg). Blood samples collected at Pre, Post, 2-Hours (2-HR), and 4-Hours (4-HR) post-exercise were analyzed fora potential increase in biochemical modifications of proteins(protein carbonyls, PC; 3-nitrotyrosines, 3NT) lipids (lipid hydroperoxides, LOOH; 8-isoprostanes, 8-ISO), and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, TEAC). Gene transcripts (EPAS, HMOX1, SOD2, NFE2L2) were quantified by qRT-PCR from muscle biopsies taken Pre and Post exercise. Hypoxia and hypobaria had no effect throughout recovery. Post-exercise TEAC (p=0.041), FRAP (p=0.013), and 8-ISO (p=0.044) increased, while PC (p=0.002) and 3-NT (p=0.032) were decreased. LOOH was lower in Post (p=0.018) NH trial samples. Exercise-dependent increases occurred in NFE2L2 (p=0.003), HMXO1 (p<0.001), SOD2 (p=0.046), and EPAS (p=0.038). Exercise recovery under conditions of NH and HH did not impact blood oxidative stress or redox-sensitive gene transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany S Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Kathryn G Tiemessen
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - John Cuddy
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Walter Hailes
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Dustin Slivka
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska - Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brent C Ruby
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - John C Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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18
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Ghavi S, Zarghi H, Golian A. Effect of dietary digestible sulphur amino acids level on growth performance, blood metabolites and liver functional enzymes of broilers 1–11 days of age. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1847606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghavi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Heydar Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Golian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Protein anabolism is key to long-term survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100885. [PMID: 33045680 PMCID: PMC7557892 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the biological processes associated with long-term survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). HGSOC cases obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer (TCGA-OV) database were divided into long-term survivors (LTS) and normal-term survivors (NTS) based on survival cutoffs defined by the HGSOC cohort in the SEER database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the generalized linear modeling (GLM) method. Gene Ontology (GO) functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. DEG-related protein-protein interactions (PPI) were extracted from the STRING database and hub genes were identified using CytoHubba in the Cytoscape program. In total, 157 DEGs, including 155 upregulated and 2 downregulated genes, were identified. Upregulated genes were statistically enriched in 80 GO terms and 11 KEGG pathways related to energy and substrate metabolism, such as protein absorption, digestion, and metabolism as well as signaling pathways, including chromatin silencing, regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, and regulation of MAPKKK. ALB and POMC were the common hub genes. These findings reveal that protein anabolism is crucial to long-term survival, regulated by activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and chromatin silencing. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms via further exploration may contribute toward an effective treatment for ovarian cancer.
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20
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Ambade V. Biochemical rationale for hypoalbuminemia in COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol 2020; 93:1207-1209. [PMID: 32966656 PMCID: PMC7537253 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ambade
- Department of Biochemistry, Defence Research Development Organization, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ueno SI, Hatano T, Okuzumi A, Saiki S, Oji Y, Mori A, Koinuma T, Fujimaki M, Takeshige-Amano H, Kondo A, Yoshikawa N, Nojiri T, Kurano M, Yasukawa K, Yatomi Y, Ikeda H, Hattori N. Nonmercaptalbumin as an oxidative stress marker in Parkinson's and PARK2 disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:307-317. [PMID: 32059082 PMCID: PMC7086006 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the oxidized albumin ratio, which is the redox ratio of human nonmercaptalbumin (HNA) to serum albumin (%HNA), as a biomarker in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. Methods This prospective study enrolled 216 iPD patients, 15 patients with autosomal recessive familial PD due to parkin mutations (PARK2), 30 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, 32 progressive nuclear palsy (PSP) patients, and 143 healthy controls. HNA was analyzed using modified high‐performance liquid chromatography and was evaluated alongside other parameters. Results iPD and PARK2 patients had a higher %HNA than controls (iPD vs. controls: odds ratio (OR) 1.325, P < 0.001; PARK2 vs. controls: OR 1.712, P < 0.001). Even iPD patients at an early Hoehn & Yahr stage (I and II) showed a higher %HNA than controls. iPD patients had a higher %HNA than MSA and PSP patients (iPD vs. MSA: OR 1.249, P < 0.001, iPD vs. PSP: OR 1.288, P < 0.05). When discriminating iPD patients from controls, %HNA corrected by age achieved an AUC of 0.750; when discriminating iPD patients from MSA and PSP patients, an AUC of 0.747 was achieved. Furthermore, uric acid, an antioxidant compound, was decreased in iPD patients, similar to the change in %HNA. Interpretation %HNA was significantly increased in iPD and PARK2 patients compared with controls, regardless of disease course and severity. Oxidative stress might be increased from the early stages of iPD and PARK2 and play an important role in their pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oji
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Mori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koinuma
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Fujimaki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nojiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yasukawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Wada Y, Izumi H, Shimizu T, Takeda Y. A More Oxidized Plasma Albumin Redox State and Lower Plasma HDL Particle Number Reflect Low-Protein Diet Ingestion in Adult Rats. J Nutr 2020; 150:256-266. [PMID: 31552421 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma albumin (ALB) redox state reflects protein nutritional status, but how it differs from other protein nutrition biomarkers remains to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to delineate the characteristics of plasma ALB redox state as a protein nutrition biomarker. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were maintained on an AIN-93 M [14% casein, control (CT)] diet or an AIN-93 M-based 5% casein [low protein (LP)] diet ad libitum for 4 wk. Plasma samples were repeatedly obtained from the same rats at weeks 0-4, ALB redox state was determined by HPLC, and the concentrations of conventional protein nutrition biomarkers, ALB and transthyretin (TTR), were compared between the groups by Student t test. Body mass, relative muscle masses, plasma proteome, and plasma lipids at week 4 were also compared. RESULTS Plasma ALB redox state shifted to a more oxidized state in the LP diet group compared with the CT diet group at weeks 1-4. The LP diet group also showed significantly lower plasma ALB concentrations at weeks 1 and 2 (13% and 11% lower, respectively) and significantly lower TTR concentration at week 1 (21% lower) compared with the CT diet group, but these concentrations did not differ significantly at weeks 3 and 4. After 4 wk, body mass and relative soleus and gastrocnemius muscle masses did not differ, but the relative plantaris muscle mass tended to be 4% lower (1.75 compared with 1.68 g/kg body mass) in the LP diet group compared with the CT group (P = 0.06). The LP diet group also had a significantly lower HDL particle number than the CT group (30% lower). CONCLUSIONS A more oxidized plasma ALB redox state and lower plasma HDL particle number reflect LP diet ingestion in adult rats, which did not exhibit changes of plasma ALB and TTR concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Izumi
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
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23
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Wada Y, Xijier, Seto N, Komatsu Y, Tsuda M, Kitamura Y, Izumi H, Shimizu T, Takeda Y. Plasma Albumin Redox State Is Responsive to the Amino Acid Balance of Dietary Proteins in Rats Fed a Low Protein Diet. Front Nutr 2019; 6:12. [PMID: 30828577 PMCID: PMC6385526 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that plasma albumin redox state, which correlates with albumin synthesis rate, could be associated with the quality of dietary protein. Aiming to elucidate the association between them, plasma albumin redox state was investigated in rats fed various kinds of AIN-93G-based low protein diets. Plasma albumin redox state was shifted to a more oxidized state in rats fed 3% casein (CN) diet than those fed 3% whey protein or 3% wheat gluten diet, while supplementing 3% CN diet with cystine reversed it to a more reduced state, indicating that cystine would complement the shortage of cysteine in CN, thereby increasing albumin synthesis rate. Supplementation with glutathione, a cysteine-containing antioxidative tripeptide, normalized hepatic glutathione redox state modulated by ingestion of 3% CN diet, but it only reversed the oxidized shift of plasma albumin redox state to an extent similar to cystine alone or the constituting amino acid mixture of glutathione (i.e., glutamic acid, cystine, and glycine), indicating that glutathione would primarily serve as a source of cysteine rather than exert its antioxidative activity. Plasma albumin would thus be influenced by amino acid balance in dietary proteins, and it could be useful as a biomarker that contributes to prevention of protein under-nutriton, caused by not only insufficient protein intake but also ingestion of poor-quality protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Xijier
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Namiko Seto
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Komatsu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Muneya Tsuda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yohei Kitamura
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Izumi
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Japan
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24
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Oosthuyse T, Bosch AN, Millen AME. Effect of ingesting carbohydrate only or carbohydrate plus casein protein hydrolysate during a multiday cycling race on left ventricular function, plasma volume expansion and cardiac biomarkers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:697-711. [PMID: 30610443 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-04060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiday racing causes mild left ventricular (LV) dysfunction from day 1 that persists on successive days. We evaluated ingesting casein protein hydrolysate-carbohydrate (PRO) compared with carbohydrate-only (CHO) during a 3-day mountain bike race. METHODS Eighteen male cyclists were randomly assigned to ingest 6.7% carbohydrate without (CHO) or with 1.3% casein hydrolysate (PRO) during racing (~ 4-5 h/day; 68/71/71 km). Conventional LV echocardiography, plasma albumin content, plasma volume (PV) and blood biomarkers were measured before day 1 and post race on day 3. RESULTS Fourteen cyclists (n = 7 per group) completed the race. PV increased in CHO (mean increase (95% CI), 10.2% (0.1 to 20.2)%, p = 0.045) but not in PRO (0.4% (- 6.1 to 6.9)%). Early diastolic transmitral blood flow (E) was unchanged but deceleration time from peak E increased post race (CHO: 46.7 (11.8 to 81.6) ms, p = 0.019; PRO: 24.2 (- 0.5 to 48.9) ms, p = 0.054), suggesting impaired LV relaxation. Tissue Doppler mitral annular velocity was unchanged in CHO, but in PRO septal early-to-late diastolic ratio decreased (p = 0.016) and was compensated by increased lateral early (p = 0.034) and late (p = 0.012) velocities. Systolic function was preserved in both groups; with increased systolic lateral wall velocity in PRO (p = 0.002). Effect size increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, CK-MB and C-reactive protein concentrations was less in PRO than CHO (Cohen's d mean ± SD, PRO: 2.91 ± 2.07; CHO: 7.56 ± 4.81, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Ingesting casein hydrolysate with carbohydrate during a 3-day race prevented secondary hypervolemia and failed to curb impaired LV relaxation despite reducing tissue damage and inflammatory biomarkers. Without PV expansion, systolic function was preserved by lateral wall compensating for septal wall dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Oosthuyse
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Andrew N Bosch
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aletta M E Millen
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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25
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Wada Y, Komatsu Y, Izumi H, Shimizu T, Takeda Y, Kuwahata M. Increased Ratio of Non-mercaptalbumin-1 Among Total Plasma Albumin Demonstrates Potential Protein Undernutrition in Adult Rats. Front Nutr 2018; 5:64. [PMID: 30090810 PMCID: PMC6068262 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox state of plasma albumin shifts in response to dietary protein intake in growing rats, and the shift is more sensitive than that of plasma albumin level, a classical marker of protein nutritional status. While it has been suggested that plasma albumin redox state could be useful as a novel marker of protein nutritional status, the above animal model is highly sensitive to dietary protein intake and the observation may not be extrapolated widely to humans. This study aimed to investigate whether albumin redox state also reflects protein nutritional status in adult rats, which have a lower dietary protein requirement and are less responsive to protein intake. Male adult rats were placed on AIN-93M diet (14% casein), or AIN-93M-based low protein diets (10 or 5% casein) ad libitum for 24 weeks. Whereas there was no significant difference in body weight between the groups at the end of the experimental period, the 5% casein diet group had the smallest gastrocnemius muscle weight among the groups, which was significantly lower than that of the 10% casein diet group. Plasma albumin level was also lower in the 5% casein diet group compared with the other groups, but the differences were limited and inconsistent during the experimental period. Among the albumin redox isoforms such as mercaptalbumin, non-mercaptalbumin-1, and non-mercaptalbumin-2, the ratio of non-mercaptalbumin-1 among total albumin was significantly higher in the 5% casein diet group, and the increase remained constant throughout the experimental period. Increased non-mercaptalbumin-1 ratio would thus demonstrate the presence of potential protein undernutrition in adult rats, as manifested only by a decreased gain in a specific type of skeletal muscle; non-mercaptalbumin-1 among total albumin ratio could be useful as a robust marker of protein nutritional status, contributing to prevention of protein undernutrition-related diseases such as frailty and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Komatsu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Izumi
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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