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Rosalia L, Ozturk C, Wang SX, Quevedo-Moreno D, Saeed MY, Mauskapf A, Roche ET. Soft robotics-enabled large animal model of HFpEF hemodynamics for device testing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.26.550654. [PMID: 37547009 PMCID: PMC10402006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major challenge in cardiovascular medicine, accounting for approximately 50% of all cases of heart failure. Due to the lack of effective therapies for this condition, the mortality associated with HFpEF remains higher than that of most cancers. Despite the ongoing efforts, no medical device has yet received FDA approval. This is largely due to the lack of an in vivo model of the HFpEF hemodynamics, resulting in the inability to evaluate device effectiveness in vivo prior to clinical trials. Here, we describe the development of a highly tunable porcine model of HFpEF hemodynamics using implantable soft robotic sleeves, where controlled actuation of a left ventricular and an aortic sleeve can recapitulate changes in ventricular compliance and afterload associated with a broad spectrum of HFpEF hemodynamic phenotypes. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model in preclinical testing by evaluating the hemodynamic response of the model post-implantation of an interatrial shunt device, which was found to be consistent with findings from in silico studies and clinical trials. This work addresses several of the limitations associated with previous models of HFpEF, such as their limited hemodynamic fidelity, elevated costs, lengthy development time, and low throughput. By showcasing exceptional versatility and tunability, the proposed platform has the potential to revolutionize the current approach for HFpEF device development and selection, with the goal of improving the quality of life for the 32 million people affected by HFpEF worldwide.
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Liver-Derived Exosomes Induce Inflammation and Lipogenesis in Mice Fed High-Energy Diets. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235124. [PMID: 36501154 PMCID: PMC9739891 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an endocrine organ and is the first organ exposed to nutrients when they are absorbed into the body before being metabolized by the distal organs. Although the liver plays an essential role in the interactions between the metabolic organs, their regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. Exosomes mediate communication between cells and primarily enable the transport of lipids, mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins between cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipid metabolism on the liver and adipose tissue between mice fed high-fat (HF) and high-fat/sucrose (HFS) diets and determined the effects of liver tissue-derived exosomes on adipocytes to understand the underlying mechanisms associated with obesity-related metabolic diseases. Normal, HF, and HFS diets were fed to the mice for 12 weeks to compare differences based on dietary patterns. We showed different lipid metabolism effects on the liver and adipose tissue between HF- and HFS-fed mice. In the liver, fibrosis, inflammation, and lipogenesis were activated at higher levels in the HFS than in the HF group, and lipolysis was activated at higher levels in the HF than in the HFS group. In adipose tissue, adipogenesis, fatty acid transport, and lipolysis were activated at higher levels in the HF than in the HFS group, and inflammation and lipogenesis were activated at higher levels in the HFS than in the HF group. This result followed a similar trend reported in 3T3-L1 cells treated with liver-derived exosomes. In addition, the TG content of the liver-derived exosomes was significantly higher, and lipid accumulation was accelerated in the HFS than in the HF group. Based on these results, continuous exposure to HF and HFS diets induces lipid accumulation mediated by liver-derived exosomes; however, there is a difference in lipid metabolism. These results contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms of exosome function in relation to obesity-related metabolic diseases and the metabolic relationship between tissues.
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Khalid M, Alqarni MH, Shoaib A, Wahab S, Foudah AI, Aljarba TM, Akhtar J, Alamri MA, Ahmad S. Anti-Obesity Action of Boerhavia diffusa in Rats against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Blocking the Cannabinoid Receptors. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091158. [PMID: 35567159 PMCID: PMC9105516 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses have known risk factors in the pathophysiology of an unhealthy diet. Obesity now affects almost a third of the world’s population and is widely seen as a side effect of the Industrial Revolution. The current study aimed to determine natural phytoconstituents that have a significant role in the management of obesity. In this view, we have selected the plant Boerhavia diffusa which has different pharmacological actions and is traditionally used to treat sickness caused by lifestyle modification. The methanolic extract of the plant material was prepared and then further fractionated by means of solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol, and water). The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis was done by taking the active constituent of the plant (Punarnavine, Boeravinone B, and Eupalitin). The molecular docking analysis of these compounds is also performed by targeting the cannabinoid receptor (CR). Structural analysis of the best complex was done using the Discovery Studio visualizer tool. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was done by using a solvent system (chloroform and methanol in a ratio of 8:2). The in vivo study was done on the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats treated with a high-fat diet to induce obesity and different parameters such as body weight, behavioral activity, organ fat pad weight, lipid profile, and liver biomarkers (AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine) were estimated. The result of the study suggested that the phytoconstituents of B. diffusa upon molecular docking revealed the possible binding mechanisms with the CR and thus show potent anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.A.); (A.I.F.); (T.M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.A.); (A.I.F.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.A.); (A.I.F.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Tariq M. Aljarba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.A.); (A.I.F.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Mubarak A. Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (S.A.)
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de Alencar AKN, Wang H, de Oliveira GMM, Sun X, Zapata-Sudo G, Groban L. Crossroads between Estrogen Loss, Obesity, and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:1191-1201. [PMID: 34644788 PMCID: PMC8757160 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) increases significantly in postmenopausal women. Although obesity is a risk factor for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), the mechanisms that link the cessation of ovarian hormone production, and particularly estrogens, to the development of obesity, LVDD, and HFpEF in aging females are unclear. Clinical, and epidemiologic studies show that postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity (defined by waist circumference) are at greater risk for developing HFpEF than men or women without abdominal obesity. The study presents a review of clinical data that support a mechanistic link between estrogen loss plus obesity and left ventricular remodeling with LVDD. It also seeks to discuss potential cell and molecular mechanisms for estrogen-mediated protection against adverse adipocyte cell types, tissue depots, function, and metabolism that may contribute to LVDD and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Wang
- Wake Forest School of MedicineDepartments of AnesthesiologyWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Departments of Anesthesiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
- Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Internal Medicine-Section of Molecular Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
| | - Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroDepartamento de Clínica MédicaFaculdade de MedicinaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Xuming Sun
- Wake Forest School of MedicineDepartments of AnesthesiologyWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Departments of Anesthesiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroInstituto de Ciências BiomédicasRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroInstituto de Cardiologia Edson SaadFaculdade de MedicinaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Instituto de Cardiologia Edson Saad, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Leanne Groban
- Wake Forest School of MedicineDepartments of AnesthesiologyWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Departments of Anesthesiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
- Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Internal Medicine-Section of Molecular Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
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Alves PHR, Ferron AJT, Costa MR, Hasimoto FK, Gregolin CS, Garcia JL, Campos DHSD, Cicogna AC, Mattei LD, Moreto F, Bazan SGZ, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Corrêa CR. Relationship between Innate Immune Response Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) and the Pathophysiological Process of Obesity Cardiomyopathy. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:91-99. [PMID: 34320076 PMCID: PMC8294729 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento A obesidade é uma condição inflamatória crônica de baixo grau relacionada a distúrbios cardíacos. No entanto, o mecanismo responsável pela inflamação cardíaca relacionada à obesidade não é claro. O receptor do tipo toll 4 (TLR-4) pertence a um receptor da família das transmembranas, responsável pela resposta imune, cuja ativação estimula a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Objetivo Testar se a ativação do receptor TLR-4 participa do processo de cardiomiopatia da obesidade, devido à produção de citocinas por meio da ativação do NF-ĸB. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos foram randomizados em dois grupos: o grupo controle (C, n = 8 animais) que recebeu dieta padrão/água e o grupo obeso (OB, n = 8 animais) que foi alimentado com dieta rica em açúcar e gordura e água mais 25% de sacarose por 30 semanas. Análise nutricional: peso corporal, índice de adiposidade, alimentos, água e ingestão calórica. Análise de distúrbios relacionados à obesidade: glicose plasmática, ácido úrico e triglicerídeos, HOMA-IR, pressão arterial sistólica, TNF-α no tecido adiposo. A análise cardíaca incluiu: expressão das proteínas TLR-4 e NF-ĸB, níveis de TNF-α e IL-6. Comparação pelo teste t de
Student
não pareado ou teste de Mann-Whitney com um valor de p <0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados O grupo OB apresentou obesidade, glicose elevada, triglicerídeos, ácido úrico, HOMA, pressão arterial sistólica e TNF-α no tecido adiposo. O grupo OB apresentou remodelação cardíaca e disfunção diastólica. A expressão de TLR-4 e NF-ĸB e os níveis de citocinas foram maiores em OB. Conclusão Nossos achados concluem que, em uma condição obesogênica, a inflamação derivada da ativação do TLR-4 cardíaco pode ser um mecanismo capaz de levar à remodelação e disfunção cardíaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Rizzi Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Mariane Róvero Costa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Fabiana Kurokawa Hasimoto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Cristina Schmitt Gregolin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Sinop , MT - Brasil
| | - Jéssica Leite Garcia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Antônio Carlos Cicogna
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Letícia de Mattei
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Fernando Moreto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
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Oliveira SMD, Garcia JL, Vileigas DF, Campos DHSD, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Ferron AJT, Silva-Bertani DCTD, Padovani CR, Corrêa CR, Cicogna AC. Cardiac Remodeling in Obesity-Resistance Model is not Related to Collagen I and III Protein Expression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Vileigas DF, de Souza SLB, Corrêa CR, Silva CCVDA, de Campos DHS, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. The effects of two types of Western diet on the induction of metabolic syndrome and cardiac remodeling in obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108625. [PMID: 33705955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) include obesity as a critical feature and is strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insights into mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these clinical manifestations are essential for the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, Western diets (WD) have been widely employed in diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. However, there are variations in fat and sugar proportions of such diets, making comparisons challenging. We aimed to assess the impact of two types of the WD on metabolic status and cardiac remodeling, to achieve a DIO model that better mimics the human pathogenesis of MetS-induced CVD. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control diet, Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters and cardiac changes were characterized. WDF and WDS feeding promoted higher serum triglycerides, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, while just WDF presented inflammation in adipose tissue. WDF-fed rats showed increased catalase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein levels, suggesting cardiac oxidative stress, while WDS-fed rats only raised MDA. Both WD equally elevated protein expressions involved in lipid metabolism, but only WDF downregulated the glycolysis pathway. Furthermore, the mechanical myocardial function was impaired in obese rats, being more relevant in WDF. In conclusion, both WD effectively triggered MetS features, although inflammation was detected just on the WDF-fed animals. Moreover, the WDF promoted a more pronounced functional, metabolic, and oxidative cardiac disorder, suggesting to be an adequate model for studying CVD in the scenario of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Department of Patology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Moreto F, Ferron AJT, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, D'Amato A, Garcia JL, Costa MR, Silva CCVA, Altomare A, Correa CR, Aldini G, Ferreira ALA. Differentially expressed proteins obtained by label-free quantitative proteomic analysis reveal affected biological processes and functions in Western diet-induced steatohepatitis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-11. [PMID: 33729641 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a pathological manifestation with a progressive incidence in response to the epidemic of hepatic steatosis caused primarily by excessive energy intake. The present study unravels affected biological processes and functions by the presence of NASH in rats using a label-free quantitative proteomic strategy. NASH was induced by a Western high-sugar and high-fat diet for 20 weeks. The liver tissue was collected for histology and for a mass spectrometry-based proteomic protocol. The NASH group showed severe lipidosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and the presence of collagen deposition. Among upregulated proteins in NASH perilipin-2 (Plin-2; F6QBA3; difference [diff]: 2.29), ferritin heavy (Fth1; Q66HI5; diff: 2.19) and light (Ftl1; P02793; diff: 1.75) chains, macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 (Mif; P30904; diff: 1.69), and fibronectin (Fn1; F1LST1; diff: 0.35) were observed, whereas among downregulated proteins, plectin (Q6S399; diff: -3.34), some Cyp2 family proteins of the cytochrome P450 complex, glutathione S-transferases, flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (Fmo1; P36365; diff: -2.08), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (Acat2; Q5XI22; diff: -2.25), acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (Acox2; F1LNW3; diff: -1.59), and acyl-CoA oxidase 3 (Acox3; F1M9A7; diff: -2.41) were observed. Also, biological processes and functions such as LPS/IL-1 inhibition of RXR, fatty acid metabolism, Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response, xenobiotic metabolism, and PXR/RXR and CAR/RXR activations were predicted to be affected. In conclusion, the liver of rats with NASH induced by Western diet shows a decreased capacity of metabolizing lipids, fatty acids, and xenobiotic compounds that predispose fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alfonsina D'Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mariane R Costa
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Werida R, Khairat I, Khedr NF. Effect of atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin on inflammatory biomarkers and LV function in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111179. [PMID: 33401219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are potential drugs for decreasing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. PURPOSE To examine the efficacy of both rosuvastatin (ROSUVA) and atorvastatin (ATORVA) on LV function and markers of inflammation in T2D patients with dyslipidemia. METHODS One hundred-sixty T2D patients were assigned to receive either atorvastatin (ATORVA group, n = 80, 40 mg) or rosuvastatin (ROSUVA group, n = 80, 10 mg), daily for 6 months. Blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The prevalence of left ventricular abnormalities was determined by echocardiography and two-dimensional Speckle-Strain to assess Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS). RESULTS ROSUVA vs. ATORVA resulted in significant (p < 0.001) reduction in HbA1c % (9.13 vs 2.35%), LDL-C (22.23% vs. 14.75%), triglycerides (13.56 % vs. 8.21 %), total cholesterol (16.10 % vs. 10.81 %), atherogenic index (18.08. % vs. 10.97%), hs-CRP (23.51 % vs.18.96%), sortilin (33.33 % % vs. 15.08 %), and leptin (31.81 % vs. 23.17 %) but increased adiponectin (97.99 % vs.76.47.1 %) and HDL-C (76.47 % vs. 0.21 %) compared with baseline, respectively. Negative correlations between adiponectin and each of hs-CRP, HbA1c%, total cholesterol, LDL-C, atherogenic index and leptin were found. Also, left ventricular functions were correlated with adiponectin, lipids, HbA1c% and hs-CRP. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) showed that hs-CRP, leptin, sortlin, leptin, and adiponectin were good predictors for cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION ROSUVA is more efficacious in improving lipid profile, atherogenic index and modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in dyslipidemic T2D patients compared with ATROVA. However, both statins are equivalent as cardioprotective agents in dyslipidemic T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Werida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Damanhur University, El- Bahiara, Egypt.
| | - Ibtsam Khairat
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Tanta University, El-Gharbia, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa F Khedr
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Tanta University, El-Gharbia, Egypt.
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da Silva-Bertani DCT, Vileigas DF, Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, Sant'Ana PG, Freire PP, de Tomasi LC, Corrêa CR, Padovani CR, Fernandes T, de Oliveira EM, Cicogna AC. Increased angiotensin II from adipose tissue modulates myocardial collagen I and III in obese rats. Life Sci 2020; 252:117650. [PMID: 32294475 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been described that the cardiac dysfunction in the obesity model is because of collagen imbalance and that angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to myocardial fibrosis. However, it remains undefined if changes in collagen I and III metabolism in obesity is due to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation from myocardium or excessive adipose tissue. AIM This study aimed to verify whether the changes in myocardial collagen metabolism result from RAS deregulation of cardiac or adipose tissue in an obesity model. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were fed with control (CD) and high-fat (HFD) diets for 30 weeks. After the dietary intervention, animals were assigned to be treated with losartan at the 30 mg/kg/day dosage or kept untreated for an additional five weeks. KEY FINDINGS HFD induced obesity, comorbidities, and cardiac collagen overexpression. The HFD group presented an increase in Ang II levels in both adipose tissue and plasma, as well as AT1 receptor expression in cardiac tissue. Of note, the myocardial Ang II was not changed in the HFD group. Losartan administration reduced some obesity-induced comorbidities regardless of weight loss. The AT1 receptor blockade also decreased the release of Ang II from adipose tissue and myocardial AT1 receptor and collagen. SIGNIFICANCE It was seen that excessive adipose tissue is responsible for the exacerbated circulating Ang II, which induced cardiac fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Paula Grippa Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618970, Brazil
| | - Loreta Casquel de Tomasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618970, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil.
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Vileigas DF, Marciano CLDC, Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, Sant’Ana PG, Okoshi K, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Temporal Measures in Cardiac Structure and Function During the Development of Obesity Induced by Different Types of Western Diet in a Rat Model. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010068. [PMID: 31888029 PMCID: PMC7019835 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized worldwide as a complex metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions and is often associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. To study this pathology and evaluate cardiac function, several models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) have been developed. The Western diet (WD) is one of the most widely used models; however, variations in diet composition and time period of the experimental protocol make comparisons challenging. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different types of Western diet on cardiac remodeling in obese rats with sequential analyses during a long-term follow-up. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups fed with control diet (CD), Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. The animal nutritional profile and cardiac histology were assessed at the 41st week. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiogram at four different moments: 17, 25, 33, and 41 weeks. A noninvasive method was performed to assess systolic blood pressure at the 33rd and 41st week. The animals fed with WD (WDF and WDS) developed pronounced obesity with an average increase of 86.5% in adiposity index at the end of the experiment. WDF and WDS groups also presented hypertension. The echocardiographic data showed no structural differences among the three groups, but WDF animals presented decreased endocardial fractional shortening and ejection fraction at the 33rd and 41st week, suggesting altered systolic function. Moreover, WDF and WFS animals did not present hypertrophy and interstitial collagen accumulation in the left ventricle. In conclusion, both WD were effective in triggering severe obesity in rats; however, only the WDF induced mild cardiac dysfunction after long-term diet exposure. Further studies are needed to search for an appropriate DIO model with relevant cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Cecília Lume de Carvalho Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Paula Grippa Sant’Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618970, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-1618
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Ferron AJT, Aldini G, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Silva CCVDA, Bazan SGZ, Garcia JL, Campos DHSD, Ghiraldeli L, Kitawara KAH, Altomare A, Correa CR, Moreto F, Ferreira ALA. Protective Effect of Tomato-Oleoresin Supplementation on Oxidative Injury Recoveries Cardiac Function by Improving β-Adrenergic Response in a Diet-Obesity Induced Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090368. [PMID: 31480719 PMCID: PMC6770924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The system redox imbalance is one of the pathways related to obesity-related cardiac dysfunction. Lycopene is considered one of the best antioxidants. The aim of this study was to test if the tomato-oleoresin would be able to recovery cardiac function by improving β-adrenergic response due its antioxidant effect. A total of 40 animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups to receive either the control diet (Control, n = 20) or a high sugar-fat diet (HSF, n = 20) for 20 weeks. Once cardiac dysfunction was detected by echocardiogram in the HSF group, animals were re- divided to begin the treatment with Tomato-oleoresin or vehicle, performing four groups: Control (n = 6); (Control + Ly, n = 6); HSF (n = 6) and (HSF + Ly, n = 6). Tomato oleoresin (10 mg lycopene/kg body weight (BW) per day) was given orally every morning for a 10-week period. The analysis included nutritional and plasma biochemical parameters, systolic blood pressure, oxidative parameters in plasma, heart, and cardiac analyses in vivo and in vitro. A comparison among the groups was performed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The HSF diet was able to induce obesity, insulin-resistance, cardiac dysfunction, and oxidative damage. However, the tomato-oleoresin supplementation improved insulin-resistance, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction by improving the β-adrenergic response. It is possible to conclude that tomato-oleoresin is able to reduce the oxidative damage by improving the system’s β-adrenergic response, thus recovering cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Ghiraldeli
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
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