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Aslan MN, Sukan-Karaçağıl B, Acar-Tek N. Roles of citrus fruits on energy expenditure, body weight management, and metabolic biomarkers: a comprehensive review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1292-1307. [PMID: 37702528 PMCID: PMC11317776 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are widely consumed for their nutritional and health benefits. They belong to the Rutaceae and have many varieties, such as sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), which is the most popular. Citrus fruits are rich in water (>80%), dietary fiber, and vitamins. They also contain bioactive components, which may modulate energy metabolism and lipid oxidation through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include stimulating β3-adrenergic receptors, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis, activating AMP kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α pathways, inhibiting lipogenesis and lipid accumulation, and inducing browning of white adipose tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms and outcomes of citrus fruits and their metabolites on energy metabolism and body weight in different experimental models. The literature was searched for in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies that investigated the effects of citrus consumption on energy expenditure, thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation. Citrus fruits and their metabolites have shown promising effects on energy metabolism and lipid oxidation in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, the evidence from human studies is limited and inconsistent. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are briefly discussed, and knowledge gaps and research needs are identified for future studies. Citrus fruits may have beneficial effects on energy metabolism and body weight, but more rigorous and well-designed human trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Aslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Sukan-Karaçağıl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Acar-Tek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Valdés A, Sánchez-Martínez JD, Gallego R, Ibáñez E, Herrero M, Cifuentes A. In vivo neuroprotective capacity of a Dunaliella salina extract - comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics study. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:4. [PMID: 38200022 PMCID: PMC10782027 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, an exhaustive chemical characterization of a Dunaliella salina (DS) microalga extract obtained using supercritical fluids has been performed, and its neuroprotective capacity has been evaluated in vivo using an Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic model of Caenorhabditis elegans (strain CL4176). More than 350 compounds were annotated in the studied DS extract, with triacylglycerols, free fatty acids (FAs), carotenoids, apocarotenoids and glycerol being the most abundant. DS extract significantly protects C. elegans in a dose-dependent manner against Aβ-peptide paralysis toxicity, after 32 h, 53% of treated worms at 50 µg/mL were not paralyzed. This concentration was selected to further evaluate the transcriptomics and metabolomics changes after 26 h by using advanced analytical methodologies. The RNA-Seq data showed an alteration of 150 genes, mainly related to the stress and detoxification responses, and the retinol and lipid metabolism. The comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomics analyses allowed the identification of 793 intracellular metabolites, of which 69 were significantly altered compared to non-treated control animals. Among them, different unsaturated FAs, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, nucleosides, dipeptides and modified amino acids that have been previously reported as beneficial during AD progression, were assigned. These compounds could explain the neuroprotective capacity observed, thus, providing with new evidences of the protection mechanisms of this promising extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José David Sánchez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Hwang CY, Cho ES, Yoon DJ, Seo MJ. Probiotic and antioxidant properties of C 30 carotenoid-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from kimchi. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:543-552. [PMID: 36911323 PMCID: PMC9992479 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the development of functional probiotics using caroteonid-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antioxidant properties. Thirty LAB strains were evaluated for their probiotic properties. Carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster (crtMN operon) was detected using polymer chain reaction (PCR). The carotenoid identified as 4,4'-diaponeurosporene was analyzed via UV visible absorption spectra and HPLC. Five carotenoid-producing strains showed antioxidant activities. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MGB0112, which showed the highest carotenoid production measuring at 470 nm of absorbance per ml of culture broth (0.014 A470nm/ml), showed low pH (56.5%) and bile salt (97.8%) tolerance with high adhesion properties (55.1% for toluene). Furthermore, this strain and 4,4'-diaponeurosporene extract exhibited antioxidant activity (99.5 and 40.1%, respectively) against DPPH free radicals in vitro. Their antioxidant properties were confirmed in vivo (45.6 and 55.2% survival rates in Caenorhabditis elegans). Therefore, C30 carotenoid-producing strain MGB0112 demonstrates outstanding antioxidant effects and can be a potential functional probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sang Cho
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jun Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bio Materials & Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
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Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome by Phytochemicals and Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032627. [PMID: 36768946 PMCID: PMC9917154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, attention has focused on the roles of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables in maintaining and improving the intestinal environment and preventing metabolic syndrome. A high-fat and high-sugar diet, lack of exercise, and excess energy accumulation in the body can cause metabolic syndrome and induce obesity, diabetes, and disorders of the circulatory system and liver. Therefore, the prevention of metabolic syndrome is important. The current review shows that the simultaneous intake of phytochemicals contained in citruses and grapes together with vitamin D improves the state of gut microbiota and immunity, preventing metabolic syndrome and related diseases. Phytochemicals contained in citruses include polyphenols such as hesperidin, rutin, and naringin; those in grapes include quercetin, procyanidin, and oleanolic acid. The intake of these phytochemicals and vitamin D, along with prebiotics and probiotics, nurture good gut microbiota. In general, Firmicutes are obese-prone gut microbiota and Bacteroidetes are lean-prone gut microbiota; good gut microbiota nurture regulatory T cells, which suppress inflammatory responses and upregulate immunity. Maintaining good gut microbiota suppresses TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine that is also considered to be a pathogenic contributor adipokine, and prevents chronic inflammation, thereby helping to prevent metabolic syndrome. Maintaining good gut microbiota also enhances adiponectin, a protector adipokine that prevents metabolic syndrome. For the prevention of metabolic syndrome and the reduction of various disease risks, the intake of phytochemicals and vitamin D will be important for human health in the future.
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Reconnoitring the Usage of Agroindustrial Waste in Carotenoid Production for Food Fortification: a Sustainable Approach to Tackle Vitamin A Deficiency. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Exploring the potential of antioxidants from fruits and vegetables and strategies for their recovery. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Datta S, Dutta D. WITHDRAWN: An in-silico study to investigate the role of β-cryptoxanthin on obesity. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sun WW, Yan XM, Qiao AJ, Zhang YJ, Yang L, Huang HC, Shi HF, Yan BL. Upregulated galectin-1 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis L5 reduces body fat and increases oxidative stress tolerance. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:46. [PMID: 35123560 PMCID: PMC8817484 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiostrongylus cantonensis L5, parasitizing human cerebrospinal fluid, causes eosinophilic meningitis, which is attributed to tissue inflammatory responses caused primarily by the high percentage of eosinophils. Eosinophils are also involved in killing helminths, using the peroxidative oxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by dismutation of superoxide produced during respiratory burst. In contrast, helminthic worms have evolved to attenuate eosinophil-mediated tissue inflammatory responses for their survival. In previous study, we demonstrated the extracellular function of Acan-Gal-1 in inducing the apoptosis of macrophages. Here, the intracellular functions of Acan-Gal-1 were investigated, aiming to further reveal the mechanism involved in A. cantonensis L5 worms surviving inflammatory responses in the human central nervous system. Methods In this study, a model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, was used as a surrogate to investigate the intracellular functions of Acan-Gal-1 in protecting the worm from its host’s immune attacks. First, structural characterization of Acan-Gal-1 was analyzed using bioinformatics; second, qRT-PCR was used to monitor the stage specificity of Acan-gal-1 expression in A. cantonensis. Microinjections were performed to detect the tissue specificity of lec-1 expression, the homolog of Acan-gal-1 in C. elegans. Third, microinjection was performed to develop Acan-gal-1::rfp transgenic worms. Then, oxidative stress assay and Oil Red O fat staining were used to determine the functions of Acan-Gal-1 in C. elegans. Results The results of detecting the stage specificity of Acan-gal-1 expression showed that Acan-Gal-1 was upregulated in both L5 and adult worms. Detection of the tissue specificity showed that the homolog of Acan-gal-1 in C. elegans, lec-1 was expressed ubiquitously and mainly localized in cuticle. Investigating the intracellular functions of Acan-Gal-1 in the surrogate C. elegans showed that N2 worms expressing pCe-lec-1::Acan-gal-1::rfp, with lipid deposition reduced, were significantly resistant to oxidative stress; lec-1 mutant worms, where lipid deposition increased, showed susceptible to oxidative stress, and this phenotype could be rescued by expressing pCe-lec-1::Acan-gal-1::rfp. Expressing pCe-lec-1::Acan-gal-1::rfp or lec-1 RNAi in fat-6;fat-7 double-mutant worms, where fat stores were reduced, had no significant effect on the oxidative stress tolerance. Conclusion In C. elegans worms, upregulated Acan-Gal-1 plays a defensive role against damage due to oxidative stress for worm survival by reducing fat deposition. This might indicate the mechanism by which A. cantonensis L5 worms, with upregulated Acan-Gal-1, survive the immune attack of eosinophils in the human central nervous system. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05171-4.
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Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Sahin E, Sahin N, Ozercan IH, Namjoshi T, Srivastava V, Morde A, Rai D, Padigaru M, Sahin K. Different Doses of β-Cryptoxanthin May Secure the Retina from Photooxidative Injury Resulted from Common LED Sources. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6672525. [PMID: 33628377 PMCID: PMC7895591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6672525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal damage associated with loss of photoreceptors is a hallmark of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Potent nutritional antioxidants were previously shown to abate the degenerative process in AMD. β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) is an essential dietary carotenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and provitamin A activity. It is a potential candidate for developing intervention strategies to delay the development/progression of AMD. In the current study, the effect of a novel, highly purified BCX oral formulation on the rat retinal damage model was evaluated. Rats were fed with BCX for four weeks at the doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight in the form of highly bioavailable oil suspension, followed by retinal damage by exposing to the bright light-emitting diode (LED) light (750 lux) for 48 hrs. Animals were sacrificed after 48 hours, and eyes and blood samples were collected and analyzed. BCX supplementations (2 and 4 mg/kg) showed improvements in the visual condition as demonstrated by histopathology of the retina and measured parameters such as total retinal thickness and outer nuclear layer thickness. BCX supplementation helped reduce the burden of oxidative stress as seen by decreased serum and retinal tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and restored the antioxidant enzyme activities in BCX groups. Further, BCX supplementation modulated inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB), apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 3), growth proteins and factors (GAP43, VEGF), glial and neuronal proteins (GFAP, NCAM), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), along with the mitochondrial stress markers (ATF4, ATF6, Grp78, Grp94) in the rat retinal tissue. This study indicates that oral supplementation of BCX exerts a protective effect on light-induced retinal damage in the rats via reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, also protected against mitochondrial DNA damage and cellular death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Hasan Gencoglu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Emre Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | | | - Tejas Namjoshi
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Biotechnology Park, Pune 411057, India
| | | | - Abhijeet Morde
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Wagle Estate, Thane 400604, India
| | - Deshanie Rai
- OmniActive Health Technologies Inc, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
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Rey F, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ. Carotenoids, Vitamin C, and Antioxidant Capacity in the Peel of Mandarin Fruit in Relation to the Susceptibility to Chilling Injury during Postharvest Cold Storage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121296. [PMID: 33348913 PMCID: PMC7766470 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilling injury (CI) is a postharvest disorder occurring in the fruit of cold-sensitive Citrus species during storage at low temperatures. This study investigated the involvement of carotenoids and vitamin C, two major antioxidants of citrus peel, and the antioxidant capacity in the CI susceptibility of mandarin fruit. To that end, the fruit of three commercial varieties, Fortune, Nova, and Nadorcott, with significant differences in CI susceptibility, were selected. By on-tree fruit bagging, carotenoids and vitamin C contents were modified, and a differential effect of each cultivar on CI was observed. Carotenoid analysis in the peel revealed a strong negative correlation between total carotenoid concentration (TCC) at harvest, and specifically of β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin, and CI index at the end of storage. In contrast, vitamin C content was significantly and positively correlated with CI susceptibility. The antioxidant activity assessed by the DPPH• and FRAP reflected the contribution of vitamin C to the antioxidant system, while the SOAC assay correlated positively with TTC, β-cryptoxanthin, and violaxanthin. Collectively, the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids at harvest, as efficient singlet oxygen quenchers, suggests a protective role against the development of CI in mandarin fruit, while vitamin C is not likely playing a critical role.
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Villa-Rivera MG, Ochoa-Alejo N. Chili Pepper Carotenoids: Nutraceutical Properties and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2020; 25:E5573. [PMID: 33260997 PMCID: PMC7729576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili pepper is a prominent cultivated horticultural crop that is traditionally used for food seasoning and is applied for the treatment and prevention of multiple diseases. Its beneficial health properties are due to its abundance and variety of bioactive components, such as carotenoids, capsaicinoids, and vitamins. In particular, carotenoids have important nutraceutical properties, and several studies have focused on their potential in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. In this article, we reviewed the state of knowledge of general aspects of chili pepper carotenoids (biosynthesis pathway, types and content in Capsicum spp., and the effects of processing on carotenoid content) and recent findings on the effects of carotenoid nutraceuticals, such as antioxidant, cancer preventive, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disorder preventive, and anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico;
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Cilla A, Rodrigo MJ, De Ancos B, Sánchez-Moreno C, Cano MP, Zacarías L, Barberá R, Alegría A. Impact of high-pressure processing on the stability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in Clementine mandarin juice and its cytoprotective effect on Caco-2 cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:8951-8962. [PMID: 33001074 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mandarin juice is a rich source of antioxidant bioactive compounds. While the content and profile of bioactives are known, the impact of high-pressure processing (HPP) on their stability and bioaccessibility (BA) is unknown, but may allow obtaining safe, nutritious, and fresh-tasting juices with highly extractable bioactive compounds. The stability and BA of bioactive antioxidant compounds in untreated and HPP-treated (400 MPa/40 °C/1 min) Clementine mandarin juices, and the cytoprotective effect of its bioaccessible fractions (BF) obtained after simulated gastrointestinal digestion against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in differentiated Caco-2 cells were investigated. The BF of HPP-treated juices showed a better retention of carotenoids, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and FRAP value, and slightly higher cytoprotection (mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS) than untreated juices. Therefore, HPP can be recommended as a suitable technology to retain or indeed increase antioxidant bioactives and their cytoprotective activity in mandarin juices after gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, ES-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Rodrigo
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña De Ancos
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, ES-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, ES-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Zacarías-García J, Rey F, Gil JV, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarías L. Antioxidant capacity in fruit of Citrus cultivars with marked differences in pulp coloration: Contribution of carotenoids and vitamin C. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 27:210-222. [PMID: 32727209 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220944018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specific contribution of carotenoids and vitamin C to the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity, respectively, of the pulp of citrus fruits using the genetic diversity in pigmentation and in the carotenoid complement. To this end, six citrus varieties were selected: two mandarins, Clemenules (Citrus clementina) and Nadorcott (C. reticulata); two grapefruits (C. paradisi), Marsh and Star Ruby; and two sweet oranges (C. sinensis), Valencia late and Valencia Ruby. Total carotenoid content and composition in the pulp of fruits were very different, in relation to their color singularities. Valencia Ruby and Nadorcott had the highest carotenoid content, accumulating the former large amounts of linear carotenes (phytoene, phytofluene, and lycopene) and Nadorcott of β-cryptoxanthin. Orange fruits contained the highest amount of vitamin C while in Nadorcott mandarin it was substantially lower. Analysis of antioxidant capacity, evaluated by 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, in the pulp of the different fruit varieties indicated a high and positive correlation between vitamin C content and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, a weak correlation was observed between carotenoids content and lipophilic antioxidant capacity in the pulp extracts assayed by ABTS. Overall, vitamin C in the pulp of citrus fruit had an important contribution to the hydrophilic antioxidant capacity, whereas that of carotenoids to lipophilic antioxidant capacity was very variable, being the highest that of Valencia Ruby orange, with large concentrations of lycopene and phytoene, followed by Nadorcott mandarin, with high β-cryptoxanthin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Zacarías-García
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Florencia Rey
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Vicente Gil
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain.,Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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López-García G, Cilla A, Barberá R, Genovés S, Martorell P, Alegría A. Effect of plant sterol and galactooligosaccharides enriched beverages on oxidative stress and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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15
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Martorell P, Llopis S, Gil JV, Genovés S, Ramón D, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ. Evaluation of Carotenoids Protection Against Oxidative Stress in the Animal Model Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2083:387-401. [PMID: 31745937 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9952-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a versatile and powerful model organism for animal experimental research and, despite being an invertebrate, displays remarkably similar molecular bases and conserved cellular pathways to those of humans. Oxidative stress is an etiological factor that influences numerous diseases, degenerative processes and aging. C. elegans has revealed as an opportune and feasible organism to investigate the antioxidant effects of different bioactives or complex food matrices, and a number of protocols have been developed by using different oxidative stressors. Carotenoids are recognized as quenchers and scavengers of reactive oxygen species, and many of their related health benefits attributed in the diet are tightly linked to their antioxidant properties. In this chapter, we report a simple and rapid assay to evaluate the protection capacity of pure carotenoids or complex carotenoid extracts against oxidative stress in the model system C. elegans. The protocol describes a representative feeding experiment by adding carotenoids to the nematode growth medium and after an incubation period, the C. elegans populations fed with carotenoids are exposed to an acute oxidative stress by using H2O2 as oxidative agent. The protection against oxidative stress is evaluated as the survival rate of the nematodes fed with the carotenoid prior to receiving oxidative treatment compared with the survival rate of control nematode population. In order to confirm the carotenoid intake by the nematodes during the feeding experiment a bioassimilation experiment is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martorell
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL/Archer Daniels Midland, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL/Archer Daniels Midland, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Vicente Gil
- Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Genovés
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL/Archer Daniels Midland, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL/Archer Daniels Midland, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids in Human Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102388. [PMID: 31590443 PMCID: PMC6835724 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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