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Knecht KT, Chiriac G, Guan HD. The potential impact of a vegetarian diet on glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has centered on the lowering of intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve; however, this strategy is not uniformly successful, especially in normal tension glaucoma, and there is interest in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other neuroprotective strategies. Vegetarian diets are known to be rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components and have a number of established health benefits. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that vegetarian diets would be beneficial in glaucoma, but this approach has not been well studied. We examine the possible role of vegetarian diets and their components in the incidence and progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Knecht
- Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiriac
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Howard D Guan
- Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA.
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2
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Wang R, Wang Y, Qin Y, Wei H. Antioxidative effects of ghrelin on human trabecular meshwork cells. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103746. [PMID: 37806937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells and visual field defects and is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the classifications of glaucoma. Oxidative stress in trabecular reticulated cells is one of the possible mechanisms of the development of glaucoma. At present, there is still a lack of effective methods to treat glaucoma. Ghrelin is characterized by its wide distribution and high potency and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects, which may be beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma. In this study, we investigated whether ghrelin can protect human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) from oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the possible mechanism of action. CCK8 and flow cytometry results revealed that treatment of HTMCs with ghrelin showed a dose-dependent protective effect against H2O2-induced damage. Ghrelin significantly decreased the rate of apoptosis and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in HTMCs. The difference was statistically significant compared with the H2O2 group. Ghrelin activated Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 signaling pathways and decreased HIF-1α level in H2O2-injured HTMCs as shown on qPCR and Western blot. In conclusion, ghrelin can protect HTMCs from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and reduce apoptosis in HTMCs, which can be a new approach to treating POAG. The underlying therapeutic mechanism may be related to Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 signaling pathways and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
| | - Y Wang
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Y Qin
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - H Wei
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
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3
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Rayner CL, Bottle SE, Martyn AP, Barnett NL. Preserving Retinal Structure and Function with the Novel Nitroxide Antioxidant, DCTEIO. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3402-3419. [PMID: 37450210 PMCID: PMC10514139 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major contributor to progressive neurodegenerative disease and may be a key target for the development of novel preventative and therapeutic strategies. Nitroxides have been successfully utilised to study changes in redox status (biological probes) and modulate radical-induced oxidative stress. This study investigates the efficacy of DCTEIO (5,6-dicarboxy-1,1,3,3-tetraethyllisoindolin-2-yloxyl), a stable, kinetically-persistent, nitroxide-based antioxidant, as a retinal neuroprotectant. The preservation of retinal function following an acute ischaemic/reperfusion (I/R) insult in the presence of DCTEIO was quantified by electroretinography (ERG). Inflammatory responses in retinal glia were analysed by GFAP and IBA-1 immunohistochemistry, and retinal integrity assessed by histology. A nitroxide probe combined with flow cytometry provided a rapid technique to assess oxidative stress and the mitigation offered by antioxidant compounds in cultured 661W photoreceptor cells. DCTEIO protected the retina from I/R-induced damage, maintaining retinal function. Histological analysis showed preservation of retinal integrity with reduced disruption and disorganisation of the inner and outer nuclear layers. I/R injury upregulated GFAP expression, indicative of retinal stress, which was significantly blunted by DCTEIO. The number of 'activated' microglia, particularly in the outer retina, in response to cellular stress was also significantly reduced by DCTEIO, potentially suggesting reduced inflammasome activation and cell death. DCTEIO mitigated oxidative stress in 661W retinal cell cultures, in a dose-dependent fashion. Together these findings demonstrate the potential of DCTEIO as a neuroprotective therapeutic for degenerative diseases of the CNS that involve an ROS-mediated component, including those of the retina e.g. age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie L Rayner
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Steven E Bottle
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Alexander P Martyn
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program (CARP), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Nigel L Barnett
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia.
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
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Sharif NA. Electrical, Electromagnetic, Ultrasound Wave Therapies, and Electronic Implants for Neuronal Rejuvenation, Neuroprotection, Axonal Regeneration, and IOP Reduction. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:477-498. [PMID: 36126293 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) of mammals and nervous systems of lower organisms possess significant regenerative potential. In contrast, although neural plasticity can provide some compensation, the central nervous system (CNS) neurons and nerves of adult mammals generally fail to regenerate after an injury or damage. However, use of diverse electrical, electromagnetic and sonographic energy waves are illuminating novel ways to stimulate neuronal differentiation, proliferation, neurite growth, and axonal elongation/regeneration leading to various levels of functional recovery in animals and humans afflicted with disorders of the CNS, PNS, retina, and optic nerve. Tools such as acupuncture, electroacupuncture, electroshock therapy, electrical stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, red light therapy, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy are demonstrating efficacy in treating many different maladies. These include wound healing, partial recovery from motor dysfunctions, recovery from ischemic/reperfusion insults and CNS and ocular remyelination, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) rejuvenation, and RGC axonal regeneration. Neural rejuvenation and axonal growth/regeneration processes involve activation or intensifying of the intrinsic bioelectric waves (action potentials) that exist in every neuronal circuit of the body. In addition, reparative factors released at the nerve terminals and via neuronal dendrites (transmitter substances), extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs and neurotrophins, and intercellular communication occurring via nanotubes aid in reestablishing lost or damaged connections between the traumatized tissues and the PNS and CNS. Many other beneficial effects of the aforementioned treatment paradigms are mediated via gene expression alterations such as downregulation of inflammatory and death-signal genes and upregulation of neuroprotective and cytoprotective genes. These varied techniques and technologies will be described and discussed covering cell-based and animal model-based studies. Data from clinical applications and linkage to human ocular diseases will also be discussed where relevant translational research has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam A Sharif
- Global Alliances and External Research, Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Inc., Emeryville, California, USA
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Insitute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Yadav M, Bhardwaj A, Yadav A, Dada R, Tanwar M. Molecular genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1739-1756. [PMID: 37203025 PMCID: PMC10391438 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2570_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a series of linked optic diseases resulting in progressive vision loss and total blindness due to the acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells. This harm to the optic nerve results in visual impairment and, ultimately, total blindness if left untreated. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most frequent variety within the large family of glaucoma. It is a multifaceted and heterogeneous condition with several environmental and genetic variables aiding in its etiology. By 2040, there will be 111.8 million glaucoma patients globally, with Asia and Africa accounting for the vast majority. The goal of this review is to elaborate on the role of genes (nuclear and mitochondrial) as well as their variants in the pathogenesis of POAG. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched online for papers until September 2022. Prevalence and inheritance patterns vary significantly across different ethnic and geographic populations. Numerous causative genetic loci may exist; however, only a few have been recognized and characterized. Further investigation into the genetic etiology of POAG is expected to uncover novel and intriguing causal genes, allowing for a more precise pathogenesis pattern of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Aarti Bhardwaj
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Anshu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
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Shen WC, Huang BQ, Yang J. Regulatory mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell death in normal tension glaucoma and potential therapies. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:87-93. [PMID: 35799514 PMCID: PMC9241424 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.344831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by normal intraocular pressure, progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, and glaucomatous visual field loss. Recent studies have described the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NTG. In addition to controlling intraocular pressure, neuroprotection and reduction of RGC degeneration may be beneficial therapies for NTG. In this review, we summarized the main regulatory mechanisms of RGC death in NTG, including autophagy, glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, immunity, and vasoconstriction. Autophagy can be induced by retinal hypoxia and axonal damage. In this process, ischemia can cause mutations of optineurin and activate the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Glutamate neurotoxicity is induced by the over-stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate membrane receptors by glutamate, which occurs in RGCs and induces progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Oxidative stress also participates in NTG-related glaucomatous optic neuropathy. It impairs the mitochondrial and DNA function of RGCs through the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-JUN N-terminal kinase pathway. Moreover, it increases inflammation and the immune response of RGCs. Endothelin 1 causes endothelial dysfunction and impairment of ocular blood flow, promoting vasospasm and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, as a result of NTG. In conclusion, we discussed research progress on potential options for the protection of RGCs, including TANK binding kinase 1 inhibitors regulating autophagy, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists inhibiting glutamate toxicity, ASK1 inhibitors regulating mitochondrial function, and antioxidants inhibiting oxidative stress. In NTG, RGC death is regulated by a network of mechanisms, while various potential targets protect RGCs. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of NTG and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Zhou Q. Meta-Analysis of the Comprehensive Efficacy of Intraocular Lens Implantation in Glaucoma Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5130416. [PMID: 36017382 PMCID: PMC9398797 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5130416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the efficacy of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients suffering from glaucoma through meta-analysis of the previously published research. For this purpose, different literature databases were searched for identification of clinical studies published between January 2000 and January 2022 on evaluating IOL's efficacy in treating glaucoma. RevMan 5.3 was used to conduct a meta-analysis of the pertinent data. The central anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal endothelial cell counts, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anti-glaucoma medications (AGM), and axial length (AL) changes were compared, and the incidence of postoperative complications was thoroughly evaluated. The Cochran chi-square test was used to examine the heterogeneity of the evaluation results. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies included 948 glaucomatous eyes. IOP was significantly lower than before treatment (MD = 8.64, 95 CI: 5.75-11.53; Z = 5.86, P < 0.0001), while ACD increased significantly (MD = -1.38, 95 percent CI: -1.74-1.02; Z = 7.49, P < 0.0001). The corneal endothelial cell counts were homogeneous (MD = 225.08, 95% CI: -64.17 to -514.33; Z = 1.53, P = 0.20). AGM utilisation decreased (MD = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.752.12, Z = 4.09, P < 0.0001). AL decreased significantly (MD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.09-0.54; Z = 2.71; P = 0.007). The incidence of complications remained insignificant after IOL treatment (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.42 to 2.60; Z = 0.10, P = 0.92; P = 0.92). These findings indicate that IOL treatment can significantly reduce intraocular pressure, glaucoma drug use, and aqueous level (AL) in glaucoma patients while increasing the depth of the central anterior chamber. This study offers a theoretical foundation for selecting glaucoma treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology. Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang, China
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Association of Exercise Intensity with the Prevalence of Glaucoma and Intraocular Pressure in Men: A Study Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164725. [PMID: 36012964 PMCID: PMC9409694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and preventing ageing-related diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between exercise and glaucoma, as well as exercise and intraocular pressure (IOP) levels. This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008–2012, which in total included 10,243 men aged ≥40 years. The presence of glaucoma and the higher IOP of each eye (IOPmax) taken from the health examination survey and the ophthalmic examination were used for analyses. A questionnaire was used to assess exercise activity, which was analysed regarding intensity, frequency, and duration. Regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of exercise parameters with the odds of glaucoma and IOPmax. The prevalence of glaucoma was significantly lower in men who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise compared to those who did not exercise (p = 0.012). The odds for glaucoma were the lowest in men engaged in vigorous intensity exercise (p = 0.009). However, IOPmax was highest in the vigorous intensity exercise group (p = 0.026) with no linear trend pattern. These results suggest that exercise decreased the odds of glaucoma via several factors including non-IOP mechanisms.
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Lu Y. Gut microbiota and derived metabolomic profiling in glaucoma with progressive neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:968992. [PMID: 36034713 PMCID: PMC9411928 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.968992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and host is involved in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, although little is known about its role in glaucoma. To investigated the alterations of the gut microbiota and derived metabolites in glaucomatous rats, and the interaction with RGCs, we performed 16S rRNA (V1-V9) sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analyses. The microbial composition differed significantly between the two groups, and the diversity of cecal bacteria was dramatically reduced in glaucomatous rats. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, Verrucomicrobia phylum, and some bacterial genera (Romboutsia, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides) were dramatically increased in the glaucomatous rat model compared with the control, which showed negative correlation with RGCs. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 284 differentially expressed metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed considerable enrichment mainly in bile secretion pathways. The relationships among the metabolites enriched in the bile secretion pathway, differentially expressed cecal microbiota, and RGCs were investigated, and glutathione (GSH) was found to be negatively correlated with Bacteroides and F/B and positively correlated with RGCs. Reduced GSH level in the blood of glaucoma rats is further established, and was negatively correlated with Romboutsia and the F/B ratio and positively correlated with RGCs. This finding suggests the potential role of the gut microbiota and derived metabolites in glaucoma, and GSH, a major antioxidant metabolite, was related to their effects, indicating the potential for the development of gut microbiota-targeted interventions for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xujiao Zhou, ; Yi Lu,
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xujiao Zhou, ; Yi Lu,
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Sharif NA. Degeneration of retina-brain components and connections in glaucoma: Disease causation and treatment options for eyesight preservation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100037. [PMID: 36685768 PMCID: PMC9846481 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eyesight is the most important of our sensory systems for optimal daily activities and overall survival. Patients who experience visual impairment due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are often those afflicted with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) which slowly robs them of their vision unless treatment is administered soon after diagnosis. The hallmark features of POAG and other forms of glaucoma are damaged optic nerve, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and atrophied RGC axons connecting to various brain regions associated with receipt of visual input from the eyes and eventual decoding and perception of images in the visual cortex. Even though increased IOP is the major risk factor for POAG, the disease is caused by many injurious chemicals and events that progress slowly within all components of the eye-brain visual axis. Lowering of IOP mitigates the damage to some extent with existing drugs, surgical and device implantation therapeutic interventions. However, since multifactorial degenerative processes occur during aging and with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, different forms of neuroprotective, nutraceutical and electroceutical regenerative and revitalizing agents and processes are being considered to combat these eye-brain disorders. These aspects form the basis of this short review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam A. Sharif
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore,Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College of Science and Technology, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK,Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA,Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Incorporated, 6401 Hollis Street (Suite #125), Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA,Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Incorporated, 6401 Hollis Street (Suite #125), Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
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11
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Lee J, Lim S, Shin JH, Lee Y, Seo JH. Differences in the eyelid and buccal microbiome between open-angle glaucoma and uveitic glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e770-e778. [PMID: 34233092 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microbiomes have immunoregulatory functions and may be involved in the pathophysiology of eye diseases. However, the effects of microbiomes on uveitic glaucoma (UG) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) have not been sufficiently investigated. This study analysed differences in eyelid and buccal microbiomes between UG and OAG using metagenomic technology. METHODS Eyelid and buccal specimens were collected from 34 UG and 62 OAG patients. The taxonomic composition of the microbiome was determined via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, operational taxonomic unit analysis and diversity analysis. Differential gene expression analysis (DEG) and principal component analyses (PCoA) determined taxon differences between the microbiomes of the UG and OAG patients. Subgroup analysis according to age and baseline IOP was performed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in alpha-diversity between the microbiomes of UG and OAG patients. Further, PCoA revealed no differences in eyelid microbiome between the UG and OAG groups, but significant differences were found in buccal microbiome between the groups, especially in a subgroup of OAG patients with normal IOP. DEG analysis of the eyelid microbiome revealed various taxa differences, including the enrichment of Rhodococcus in UG samples over OAG samples. Taxa such as Lactobacillus and Proteus were significantly depleted (q-value = 9.98e-6 and q-value = 1.38 × 10-4 , respectively) in the buccal microbiome of UG patients, whereas Enterococcus was enriched (q-value = 5.26e-5 ). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the buccal microbiome in UG differs from that in OAG; reduced Lactobacillus was observed in UG. These results suggest that apart than OAG, microbiome composition may be a factor in the pathogenesis of UG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Woong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology Pusan National University Hospital Busan Korea
| | - Su‐Ho Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology Daegu Veterans Health Service Medical Center Daegu Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute Veterans Health Service Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute Veterans Health Service Medical Center Seoul Korea
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Młynarczyk M, Falkowska M, Micun Z, Obuchowska I, Kochanowicz J, Socha K, Konopińska J. Diet, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Serum Nutrients in Various Types of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071421. [PMID: 35406033 PMCID: PMC9002851 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of irreversible vision loss worldwide. It is an insidious disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Despite progress in treatment methods, prevention and lifestyle modifications may be useful in slowing the progression of this disease. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the influence of diet, oxidative stress, and disturbances in blood serum levels of nutrients on the incidence and severity of glaucoma based on scientific reports on the role of nutrition in the pathogenesis and course of glaucoma. This paper presents an analysis of the above issues; however, further research is required to develop this topic. Future clinical trials are needed to assess the influence of nutrition and to develop nutritional management strategies for patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryla Młynarczyk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Martyna Falkowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Zuzanna Micun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Iwona Obuchowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.M.); (I.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-600471666
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Circulating fatty acids and risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: A mendelian randomization study. Gene 2022; 811:146078. [PMID: 34838945 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between fatty acids (FAs) and glaucoma remains controversial despite several observational studies. We organized a mendelian randomization (MR) study to determine the genetic causal association between circulating FAs and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS The two-sample MR method was used to acquire causal estimates. Fourteen distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ten FAs were chosen as instrumental variables (IVs) at a genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-8). Summary statistics for POAG were available from a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 216,257 individuals of European ancestry (16,677 cases, 199,580 controls). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was adopted to evaluate the causality of FAs and POAG. Multiple sensitivity analyses were applied to avoid pleiotropy. RESULTS The IVW method suggested no evidence to support causal effects of ten FAs on POAG. The odds ratio (OR) per one SD increment of each FA was ORALA = 1.64 (95% CI, 0.441-6.098, p = 0.46), OREPA = 0.815 (95% CI, 0.604-1.101, p = 0.182), ORDPA = 0.896 (95% CI, 0.669-1.198, p = 0.458), ORDHA = 1.014 (95% CI, 0.801-1.283, p = 0.91), ORLA = 1.008 (95% CI, 0.971-1.045, p = 0.683), ORAA = 0.993 (95% CI, 0.973-1.013, p = 0.483), ORPOA = 0.731 (95% CI, 0.261-2.048, p = 0.551), OROA = 1.048 (95% CI, 0.934-1.175, p = 0.425), ORPA = 1.039 (95% CI, 0.903-1.196, p = 0.593), ORSA = 0.967 (95% CI, 0.879-1.062, p = 0.477). Moreover, Sensitivity analysis indicated no pleiotropy. CONCLUSION This MR study does not support causal associations between ten FAs and POAG.
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Effects of Ultrasound Contrast Agent-Mediated Nerve Growth Factor on Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Mice with Glaucoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6084496. [PMID: 34873416 PMCID: PMC8643233 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6084496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing incidence in recent years, glaucoma (GL) has gradually become a global public health problem for humans of all ages. Nerve growth factor (NGF) eye drops, with well-documented stable effect in the treatment of GL, can be potentiated by the administration of NGF drugs via ultrasound contrast agent (UCA). This study analyzed the efficacy of NGF+UCA on GL mice and the influencing mechanism on retinal ganglion cells and further explored the pathological changes of GL mice under different UCA irradiation duration. In this study, we established GL mouse models and treated the mouse with NGF+UCA. The effect of NGF+UCA on intraocular pressure in mice was observed; the flash visual evoked potential of mice was compared; the changes of retinal structure, inflammation index, and oxidative stress index were observed, and autophagic protein levels were tested. Finally, the influence of UCA irradiation duration on GL symptoms was observed. The results showed that the intraocular pressure of mice decreased greatly, while their flash visual evoked potential and nervous layer of retina increased, and their ganglion cells showed stronger proliferation activity and weaker apoptosis and autophagy, indicating that UCA-mediated NGF can strongly improve the pathological condition of GL mice. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway-associated proteins were inhibited in retina under the intervention of NGF+UCA, which further suggests that the influence of UCA-mediated NGF on GL is achieved by inhibiting autophagy of retinal ganglion cells and enhancing their apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, we found that in the treatment of GL, three weeks of UCA irradiation and six weeks caused no significant difference in the pathological manifestations and ganglion cells of mice, while after six weeks of irradiation, the level of NLRP3 in mice increased. In conclusion, UCA-mediated NGF can significantly improve the pathological condition of GL mice and improve the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells by inhibiting autophagy, which is associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signal pathway. In terms of selection of UCA irradiation duration, three weeks of irradiation is enough to yield good clinical results.
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Sharif NA. Therapeutic Drugs and Devices for Tackling Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma, and Need for Neuroprotection and Cytoprotective Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729249. [PMID: 34603044 PMCID: PMC8484316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the optic nerve and the death of associated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), also known as glaucoma, is responsible for visual impairment and blindness in millions of people worldwide. The ocular hypertension (OHT) and the deleterious mechanical forces it exerts at the back of the eye, at the level of the optic nerve head/optic disc and lamina cribosa, is the only modifiable risk factor associated with glaucoma that can be treated. The elevated IOP occurs due to the inability of accumulated aqueous humor (AQH) to egress from the anterior chamber of the eye due to occlusion of the major outflow pathway, the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm’s canal (SC). Several different classes of pharmaceutical agents, surgical techniques and implantable devices have been developed to lower and control IOP. First-line drugs to promote AQH outflow via the uveoscleral outflow pathway include FP-receptor prostaglandin (PG) agonists (e.g., latanoprost, travoprost and tafluprost) and a novel non-PG EP2-receptor agonist (omidenepag isopropyl, Eybelis®). TM/SC outflow enhancing drugs are also effective ocular hypotensive agents (e.g., rho kinase inhibitors like ripasudil and netarsudil; and latanoprostene bunod, a conjugate of a nitric oxide donor and latanoprost). One of the most effective anterior chamber AQH microshunt devices is the Preserflo® microshunt which can lower IOP down to 10–13 mmHg. Other IOP-lowering drugs and devices on the horizon will be also discussed. Additionally, since elevated IOP is only one of many risk factors for development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, a treatise of the role of inflammatory neurodegeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells and appropriate neuroprotective strategies to mitigate this disease will also be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam A Sharif
- Global Alliances and External Research, Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Inc., Emeryville, CA, United States
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Cai ZY, Fu MD, Liu K, Duan XC. Therapeutic effect of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway-related drugs on age-related eye diseases through anti-oxidative stress. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1260-1273. [PMID: 34414093 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.08.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related eye diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are the leading causes of vision loss in the world. Several studies have shown that the occurrence and development of these diseases have an important relationship with oxidative stress in the eye. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway is a classical pathway that resists oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. This pathway is also active in the development of age-related eye diseases. A variety of drugs have been shown to treat age-related eye diseases through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE (Kelch-like ECH-Associating protein 1- nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2-antioxidant response element) pathway. This review describes the role of oxidative stress in the development of age-related eye diseases, the function and regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway, and the therapeutic effects of drugs associated with this pathway on age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng-Die Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuan-Chu Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Molinari C, Ruga S, Farghali M, Galla R, Fernandez-Godino R, Clemente N, Uberti F. Effects of a New Combination of Natural Extracts on Glaucoma-Related Retinal Degeneration. Foods 2021; 10:1885. [PMID: 34441662 PMCID: PMC8391439 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is currently the leading cause of irreversible blindness; it is a neuropathy characterized by structural alterations of the optic nerve, leading to visual impairments. The aim of this work is to develop a new oral formulation able to counteract the early changes connected to glaucomatous degeneration. The composition is based on gastrodin and vitamin D3 combined with vitamin C, blackcurrant, and lycopene. METHODS Cells and tissues of the retina were used to study biological mechanisms involved in glaucoma, to slow down the progression of the disease. Experiments mimicking the conditions of glaucoma were carried out to examine the etiology of retinal degeneration. RESULTS Our results show a significant ability to restore glaucoma-induced damage, by counteracting ROS production and promoting cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis. These effects were confirmed by the intracellular mechanism that was activated following administration of the compound, either before or after the glaucoma induction. In particular, the main results were obtained as a preventive action of glaucoma, showing a beneficial action on all selected markers, both on cells and on eyecup preparations. It is therefore possible to hypothesize both the preventive and therapeutic use of this formulation, in the presence of risk factors, and due to its ability to inhibit the apoptotic cycle and to stimulate cell survival mechanisms, respectively. CONCLUSION This formulation has exhibited an active role in the prevention or restoration of glaucoma damage for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Sara Ruga
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Mahitab Farghali
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Rebecca Galla
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosario Fernandez-Godino
- Ocular Genomics Institute-Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
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Valero-Vello M, Peris-Martínez C, García-Medina JJ, Sanz-González SM, Ramírez AI, Fernández-Albarral JA, Galarreta-Mira D, Zanón-Moreno V, Casaroli-Marano RP, Pinazo-Duran MD. Searching for the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Potential of Natural Food and Nutritional Supplements for Ocular Health in the Mediterranean Population. Foods 2021; 10:1231. [PMID: 34071459 PMCID: PMC8229954 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to a healthy diet offers a valuable intervention to compete against the increasing cases of ocular diseases worldwide, such as dry eye disorders, myopia progression, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, or age macular degeneration. Certain amounts of micronutrients must be daily provided for proper functioning of the visual system, such as vitamins, carotenoids, trace metals and omega-3 fatty acids. Among natural foods, the following have to be considered for boosting eye/vision health: fish, meat, eggs, nuts, legumes, citrus fruits, nuts, leafy green vegetables, orange-colored fruits/vegetables, olives-olive oil, and dairy products. Nutritional supplements have received much attention as potential tools for managing chronic-degenerative ocular diseases. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, hand-searched publications and historical archives were performed by the professionals involved in this study, to include peer-reviewed articles in which natural food, nutrient content, and its potential relationship with ocular health. Five ophthalmologists and two researchers collected the characteristics, quality and suitability of the above studies. Finally, 177 publications from 1983 to 2021 were enclosed, mainly related to natural food, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and nutraceutic supplementation. For the first time, original studies with broccoli and tigernut (chufa de Valencia) regarding the ocular surface dysfunction, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma were enclosed. These can add value to the diet, counteract nutritional defects, and help in the early stages, as well as in the course of ophthalmic pathologies. The main purpose of this review, enclosed in the Special Issue "Health Benefits and Nutritional Quality of Fruits, Nuts and Vegetables," is to identify directions for further research on the role of diet and nutrition in the eyes and vision, and the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of natural food (broccoli, saffron, tigernuts and walnuts), the Mediterranean Diet, and nutraceutic supplements that may supply a promising and highly affordable scenario for patients at risk of vision loss. This review work was designed and carried out by a multidisciplinary group involved in ophthalmology and ophthalmic research and especially in nutritional ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Valero-Vello
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía” Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.-V.); (J.J.G.-M.); (S.M.S.-G.); (M.D.P.-D.)
| | - Cristina Peris-Martínez
- Ophthalmic Medical Center (FOM), Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia (FISABIO), 46015 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46019 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.R.); (D.G.-M.); (R.P.C.-M.)
| | - José J. García-Medina
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía” Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.-V.); (J.J.G.-M.); (S.M.S.-G.); (M.D.P.-D.)
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.R.); (D.G.-M.); (R.P.C.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, General University Hospital “Morales Meseguer”, 30007 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia M. Sanz-González
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía” Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.-V.); (J.J.G.-M.); (S.M.S.-G.); (M.D.P.-D.)
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.R.); (D.G.-M.); (R.P.C.-M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.R.); (D.G.-M.); (R.P.C.-M.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorrinolaringology, Institute of Ophthalmic Research “Ramón Castroviejo”, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José A. Fernández-Albarral
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorrinolaringology, Institute of Ophthalmic Research “Ramón Castroviejo”, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Galarreta-Mira
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.R.); (D.G.-M.); (R.P.C.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology. University Clinic Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vicente Zanón-Moreno
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía” Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.-V.); (J.J.G.-M.); (S.M.S.-G.); (M.D.P.-D.)
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.R.); (D.G.-M.); (R.P.C.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of Valencia, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo P. Casaroli-Marano
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.R.); (D.G.-M.); (R.P.C.-M.)
- Departament of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María D. Pinazo-Duran
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía” Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.-V.); (J.J.G.-M.); (S.M.S.-G.); (M.D.P.-D.)
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.R.); (D.G.-M.); (R.P.C.-M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma remains a poorly understood disease, and identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis is critical to reducing the risk of glaucoma-related visual impairment and blindness. The aim of this review is to provide current metabolic profiles for glaucoma through a summary and analysis of reported metabolites associated with glaucoma. Methods We searched PubMed and Web of Science for metabolomics studies of humans on glaucoma published before November 11, 2020. Studies were included if they assessed the biomarkers of any types of glaucoma and performed mass spectrometry-based or nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabolomics approach. Pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis were performed to generate a global view of metabolic signatures related to glaucoma using the MetaboAnalyst 3.0. Results In total, 18 articles were included in this review, among which 13 studies were focused on open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Seventeen metabolites related to OAG were repeatedly identified, including seven amino acids (arginine, glycine, alanine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine), two phosphatidylcholine (PC aa C34:2, PC aa C36:4), three complements (acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine), carnitine, glutamine, hypoxanthine, spermine, and spermidine. The pathway analysis implied a major role of amino metabolism in OAG pathophysiology and revealed the metabolic characteristics between different biological samples. Conclusions In this review, we summarize existing metabolomic studies related to glaucoma biomarker identification and point out a series of metabolic disorders in OAG patients, providing information on the molecular mechanism changes in glaucoma. Additional studies are needed to validate existing findings, and future research will need to explore the potential overlap between different biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Hou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Tirendi S, Saccà SC, Vernazza S, Traverso C, Bassi AM, Izzotti A. A 3D Model of Human Trabecular Meshwork for the Research Study of Glaucoma. Front Neurol 2020; 11:591776. [PMID: 33335510 PMCID: PMC7736413 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.591776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial syndrome in which the development of pro-apoptotic signals are the causes for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Most of the research progress in the glaucoma field have been based on experimentally inducible glaucoma animal models, which provided results about RGC loss after either the crash of the optic nerve or IOP elevation. In addition, there are genetically modified mouse models (DBA/2J), which make the study of hereditary forms of glaucoma possible. However, these approaches have not been able to identify all the molecular mechanisms characterizing glaucoma, possibly due to the disadvantages and limits related to the use of animals. In fact, the results obtained with small animals (i.e., rodents), which are the most commonly used, are often not aligned with human conditions due to their low degree of similarity with the human eye anatomy. Although the results obtained from non-human primates are in line with human conditions, they are little used for the study of glaucoma and its outcomes at cellular level due to their costs and their poor ease of handling. In this regard, according to at least two of the 3Rs principles, there is a need for reliable human-based in vitro models to better clarify the mechanisms involved in disease progression, and possibly to broaden the scope of the results so far obtained with animal models. The proper selection of an in vitro model with a "closer to in vivo" microenvironment and structure, for instance, allows for the identification of the biomarkers involved in the early stages of glaucoma and contributes to the development of new therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the most recent findings in the glaucoma field through the use of human two- and three-dimensional cultures. In particular, it focuses on the role of the scaffold and the use of bioreactors in preserving the physiological relevance of in vivo conditions of the human trabecular meshwork cells in three-dimensional cultures. Moreover, data from these studies also highlight the pivotal role of oxidative stress in promoting the production of trabecular meshwork-derived pro-apoptotic signals, which are one of the first marks of trabecular meshwork damage. The resulting loss of barrier function, increase of intraocular pressure, as well the promotion of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are listed as the main features of glaucoma. Therefore, a better understanding of the first molecular events, which trigger the glaucoma cascade, allows the identification of new targets for an early neuroprotective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Ophthalmology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno Infantili, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Mutagenesis Unit, IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Martino University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Saccà SC, Izzotti A, Vernazza S, Tirendi S, Scarfì S, Gandolfi S, Bassi AM. Can Polyphenols in Eye Drops Be Useful for Trabecular Protection from Oxidative Damage? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113584. [PMID: 33172106 PMCID: PMC7694784 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, with anti-oxidant properties, counteract oxidative stress effects. Increasing evidence has found oxidative stressto be the main risk factor for trabecular meshwork (TM) damage, leading to high-tension glaucoma. Topical anti-oxidants could represent a new target for glaucoma treatment. Our aim is to investigate the protective mechanisms on a human TM culture of a patented polyphenol and fatty acid (iTRAB®)formulation in response to oxidative stress using an advanced invitromodel consisting of 3D-human TM cells, embedded in a natural hydrogel, and a milli-scaled multi-organ device model for constantdynamic conditions. The 3D-human TM cells(3D-HTMCs) were treated daily with 500 µM H2O2or 500 µM H2O2and 0.15% iTRAB®(m/v) for 72 h, and molecular differences in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), state of the cells, activation of the apoptosis pathway and NF-kB and the expression ofinflammatory and fibrotic markers wereanalyzed at different time-points.Concomitant exposure significantly reduced iROS and restored TM viability, iTRAB® having a significant inhibitory effect on the apoptotic pathway, activation of NF-κB, induction of pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1ß and TNFα) and pro-fibrotic (TGFβ) cytokines and the matrix metalloproteinase expressions. It is clear that this specific anti-oxidant provides a valid TM protection, suggesting iTRAB® could be an adjuvant therapy in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3473892160
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
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Aragonès G, Rowan S, G Francisco S, Yang W, Weinberg J, Taylor A, Bejarano E. Glyoxalase System as a Therapeutic Target against Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111062. [PMID: 33143048 PMCID: PMC7692619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a defining characteristic of diabetes, combined with oxidative stress, results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds that have adverse effects on many tissues including the retina and lens. AGEs promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, boost the production of AGEs, resulting in positive feedback loops, a vicious cycle that compromises tissue fitness. Oxidative stress and the accumulation of AGEs are etiologically associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is a devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. The onset and development of DR is multifactorial. Lowering AGEs accumulation may represent a potential therapeutic approach to slow this sight-threatening diabetic complication. To set DR in a physiological context, in this review we first describe relations between oxidative stress, formation of AGEs, and aging in several tissues of the eye, each of which is associated with a major age-related eye pathology. We summarize mechanisms of AGEs generation and anti-AGEs detoxifying systems. We specifically feature the potential of the glyoxalase system in the retina in the prevention of AGEs-associated damage linked to DR. We provide a comparative analysis of glyoxalase activity in different tissues from wild-type mice, supporting a major role for the glyoxalase system in the detoxification of AGEs in the retina, and present the manipulation of this system as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aragonès
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sarah G Francisco
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Wenxin Yang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jasper Weinberg
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.B.); Tel.: +617-556-3156 (A.T.)
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.B.); Tel.: +617-556-3156 (A.T.)
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Baudouin C, Kolko M, Melik-Parsadaniantz S, Messmer EM. Inflammation in Glaucoma: From the back to the front of the eye, and beyond. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 83:100916. [PMID: 33075485 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of glaucoma is complex, multifactorial and not completely understood. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or impaired retinal blood flow may cause initial optic nerve damage. In addition, age-related oxidative stress in the retina concurrently with chronic mechanical and vascular stress is crucial for the initiation of retinal neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress is closely related to cell senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation, which are involved in glaucoma progression. Accumulating evidence from animal glaucoma models and from human ocular samples suggests a dysfunction of the para-inflammation in the retinal ganglion cell layer and the optic nerve head. Moreover, quite similar mechanisms in the anterior chamber could explain the trabecular meshwork dysfunction and the elevated IOP in primary open-angle glaucoma. On the other hand, ocular surface disease due to topical interventions is the most prominent and visible consequence of inflammation in glaucoma, with a negative impact on filtering surgery failure, topical treatment efficacy, and possibly on inflammation in the anterior segment. Consequently, glaucoma appears as an outstanding eye disease where inflammatory changes may be present to various extents and consequences along the eye structure, from the ocular surface to the posterior segment, and the visual pathway. Here we reviewed the inflammatory processes in all ocular structures in glaucoma from the back to the front of the eye and beyond. Our approach was to explain how para-inflammation is necessary to maintain homoeostasis, and to describe abnormal inflammatory findings observed in glaucomatous patients or in animal glaucoma models, supporting the hypothesis of a dysregulation of the inflammatory balance toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Possible anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches in glaucoma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Baudouin
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU Foresight, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de La Vision, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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Saccà SC, Paluan F, Gandolfi S, Manni G, Cutolo CA, Izzotti A. Common aspects between glaucoma and brain neurodegeneration. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108323. [PMID: 33339584 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration can be defined as progressive cell damage to nervous system cells, and more specifically to neurons, which involves morphologic alterations and progressive loss of function until cell death. Glaucoma exhibits many aspects of neurodegenerative disease. This review examines the pathogenesis of glaucoma, comparing it with that of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting their common features. Indeed, in all three diseases there are not only the same types of pathogenic events, but also similarities of temporal cadences that determine neuronal damage. All three age-related illnesses have oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction as the first pathogenic steps. The consequence of these alterations is the death of visual neurons in glaucoma, cognitive neurons in AD and regulatory motor neurons (substantia nigra) in PD. The study of these common pathogenic events (oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein degradation, apoptosis and autophagy) leads us to consider common therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of these diseases. Also, examination of the genetic aspects of the pathways involved in neurodegenerative processes plays a key role in shedding light on the details of pathogenesis and can suggest new treatments. This review discusses the common molecular aspects involved in these three oxidative-stress and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Paluan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa., Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- Dept. of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS-Fondazione GB Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Izzotti
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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25
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Pinazo-Durán MD, Muñoz-Negrete FJ, Sanz-González SM, Benítez-Del-Castillo J, Giménez-Gómez R, Valero-Velló M, Zanón-Moreno V, García-Medina JJ. The role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of glaucoma neurodegeneration. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 256:99-124. [PMID: 32958217 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The chapter is a review enclosed in the volume "Glaucoma: A pancitopatia of the retina and beyond." No cure exists for glaucoma. Knowledge on the molecular and cellular alterations underlying glaucoma neurodegeneration (GL-ND) includes innovative and path-breaking research on neuroinflammation and neuroprotection. A series of events involving immune response (IR), oxidative stress and gene expression are occurring during the glaucoma course. Uveitic glaucoma (UG) is a prevalent acute/chronic complication, in the setting of chronic anterior chamber inflammation. Managing the disease requires a team approach to guarantee better results for eyes and vision. Advances in biomedicine/biotechnology are driving a tremendous revolution in ophthalmology and ophthalmic research. New diagnostic and imaging modalities, constantly refined, enable outstanding criteria for delimiting glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Moreover, biotherapies that may modulate or inhibit the IR must be considered among the first-line for glaucoma neuroprotection. This review offers the readers useful and practical information on the latest updates in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Pinazo-Durán
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO and Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-biology Group of the University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Researchers of the Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research "OFTARED" of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Net RD16/0008/0022, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Muñoz-Negrete
- Researchers of the Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research "OFTARED" of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Net RD16/0008/0022, Madrid, Spain; Ophthalmology Department at the University Hospital "Ramón y Cajal" (IRYCIS) and Surgery Department at the Faculty of Medicine, University Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia M Sanz-González
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO and Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-biology Group of the University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Researchers of the Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research "OFTARED" of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Net RD16/0008/0022, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez-Del-Castillo
- Researchers of the Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research "OFTARED" of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Net RD16/0008/0022, Madrid, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology at the Hospital of Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rafael Giménez-Gómez
- Researchers of the Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research "OFTARED" of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Net RD16/0008/0022, Madrid, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital "Reina Sofia", Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mar Valero-Velló
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO and Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-biology Group of the University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Zanón-Moreno
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO and Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-biology Group of the University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Researchers of the Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research "OFTARED" of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Net RD16/0008/0022, Madrid, Spain; International University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José J García-Medina
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO and Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-biology Group of the University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Researchers of the Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research "OFTARED" of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Net RD16/0008/0022, Madrid, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital "Morales Meseguer" and Department of Ophthalmology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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26
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Deng C, Yao K, Peng F, Zhao B, Chen Z, Chen W, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wang J. The Effect of Dietary Vitamin K1 Supplementation on Trabecular Meshwork and Retina in a Chronic Ocular Hypertensive Rat Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:40. [PMID: 32721021 PMCID: PMC7425704 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pathophysiologic relationship between vitamin K and glaucoma remains largely unknown. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of dietary vitamin K supplementation in a rat glaucoma model. Methods Rats were randomly divided into two groups: standard diet and high vitamin K1 (VitK1) diet (300 mg VitK1/kg diet). Induction of chronic ocular hypertension by episcleral vein cauterization was performed on the right eye. The left eye with sham operation served as controls. Rats received standard or high VitK1 diets for 5 weeks after surgery until the end of experiment. Immunohistochemistry analyses of the retina and trabecular meshwork were performed. The change in coagulation function and IOP were evaluated. Results We observed a significant declined IOP at 2 weeks after surgery in the high VitK1 group compared with the control group. High VitK1 showed no significant effect on the body weight, rat phenotypes, or coagulation function. High VitK1 significantly inhibited the loss of retinal ganglion cells in the retina and increased the expression of matrix gla protein. High VitK1 also ameliorated the collapsed trabecular meshwork structure and increased collagen staining in the trabecular meshwork. Conclusions High VitK1 intake inhibited the loss of retinal ganglion cells during glaucomatous injury, probably by increasing the expression of matrix gla protein. A transient decrease in the IOP was observed in the high VitK1 group, implying a potential effect of VitK1 on aqueous outflow. Retinal ganglion cells protection by high VitK1 supplementation may be due to the IOP-lowering effects as well as neuroprotective effect. Further research is required to delineate these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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27
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Saccà SC, Vernazza S, Iorio EL, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Gandolfi S, Izzotti A. Molecular changes in glaucomatous trabecular meshwork. Correlations with retinal ganglion cell death and novel strategies for neuroprotection. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 256:151-188. [PMID: 32958211 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. Although significant advances in ophthalmologic knowledge and practice have been made, some glaucoma mechanisms are not yet understood, therefore, up to now there is no effective treatment able to ensure healing. Indeed, either pharmacological or surgical approaches to this disease aim in lowering intraocular pressure, which is considered the only modifiable risk factor. However, it is well known that several factors and metabolites are equally (if not more) involved in glaucoma. Oxidative stress, for instance, plays a pivotal role in both glaucoma onset and progression because it is responsible for the trabecular meshwork cell damage and, consequently, for intraocular pressure increase as well as for glaucomatous damage cascade. This review at first shows accurately the molecular-derived dysfunctions in antioxidant system and in mitochondria homeostasis which due to both oxidative stress and aging, lead to a chronic inflammation state, the trabecular meshwork damage as well as the glaucoma neurodegeneration. Therefore, the main molecular events triggered by oxidative stress up to the proapoptotic signals that promote the ganglion cell death have been highlighted. The second part of this review, instead, describes some of neuroprotective agents such as polyphenols or polyunsaturated fatty acids as possible therapeutic source against the propagation of glaucomatous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Saccà
- Policlinico San Martino University Hospital, Department of Neuroscience and sense organs, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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28
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Lee JY, Kim JM, Lee KY, Kim B, Lee MY, Park KH. Relationships between Obesity, Nutrient Supply and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Koreans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030878. [PMID: 32214001 PMCID: PMC7146578 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between nutrient intake and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Koreans, a population-based, cross-sectional survey, the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, was analyzed. Glaucoma diagnosis was based on criteria established by the International Society of Geographic and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between dietary intake and the prevalence of POAG in all enrolled subjects. In the low Body mass index(BMI) group (BMI <18.5), females with POAG had significantly lower intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, B-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C than their non-glaucoma counterparts, based on a multivariate logistic regression analysis (all p < 0.05). In females with a medium BMI (18.5 ≤ BMI < 23), POAG showed a significant association with lower food intake, energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, thiamin and niacin. (all p < 0.05). Lower protein thiamine intake in medium BMI males was related to POAG. Low dietary intake of several nutrients showed an association with glaucoma in low BMI female subjects. An insufficient intake of certain nutrients may be associated with an increased risk of glaucoma in Koreans. Further large-scale cohort studies are needed to determine how specific nutrients alter the risk of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul 02500, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (K.Y.L.)
| | - Joon Mo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2001-2257; Fax: +82-2-2001-2262
| | - Kyoung Yong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul 02500, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (K.Y.L.)
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea;
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea;
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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Locri F, Cammalleri M, Dal Monte M, Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. Protective Efficacy of a Dietary Supplement Based on Forskolin, Homotaurine, Spearmint Extract, and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Injury. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122931. [PMID: 31816880 PMCID: PMC6950150 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial blinding disease with a major inflammatory component ultimately leading to apoptotic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Pharmacological treatments lowering intraocular pressure can help slow or prevent vision loss although the damage caused by glaucoma cannot be reversed. Recently, nutritional approaches have been evaluated for their efficacy in preventing degenerative events in the retina although mechanisms underlying their effectiveness remain to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a diet supplement consisting of forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract, and vitamins of the B group in counteracting retinal dysfunction in a mouse model of optic nerve crush (ONC) used as an in vivo model of glaucoma. After demonstrating that ONC did not affect retinal vasculature by fluorescein angiography, we determined the effect of the diet supplement on the photopic negative response (PhNR) whose amplitude is strictly related to RGC integrity and is therefore drastically reduced in concomitance with RGC death. We found that the diet supplementation prevents the reduction of PhNR amplitude (p < 0.001) and concomitantly counteracts RGC death, as in supplemented mice, RGC number assessed immunohistochemically is significantly higher than that in non-supplemented animals (p < 0.01). Major determinants of the protective efficacy of the compound are due to a reduction of ONC-associated cytokine secretion leading to decreased levels of apoptotic markers that in supplemented mice are significantly lower than in non-supplemented animals (p < 0.001), ultimately causing RGC survival and ameliorated visual dysfunction. Overall, our data suggest that the above association of compounds plays a neuroprotective role in this mouse model of glaucoma thus offering a new perspective in inflammation-associated neurodegenerative diseases of the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Locri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy (M.C.)
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (P.B.); Tel.: +39-050-2211426 (M.D.M.)
| | - Dario Rusciano
- Sooft Italia SpA, Contrada Molino 17, 63833 Montegiorgio (FM), Italy;
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (P.B.); Tel.: +39-050-2211426 (M.D.M.)
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30
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Guglielmi P, Carradori S, Campestre C, Poce G. Novel therapies for glaucoma: a patent review (2013-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:769-780. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1653279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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