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Zhang Y, Zhan L, Zhang L, Shi Q, Li L. Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Liver Diseases: Complexity and Controversy. Nutrients 2024; 16:1875. [PMID: 38931228 PMCID: PMC11206364 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), as essential amino acids, engage in various physiological processes, such as protein synthesis, energy supply, and cellular signaling. The liver is a crucial site for BCAA metabolism, linking the changes in BCAA homeostasis with the pathogenesis of a variety of liver diseases and their complications. Peripheral circulating BCAA levels show complex trends in different liver diseases. This review delineates the alterations of BCAAs in conditions including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatitis C virus infection, and acute liver failure, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these changes. A significant amount of clinical research has utilized BCAA supplements in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, the efficacy of BCAA supplementation in clinical practice remains uncertain and controversial due to the heterogeneity of studies. This review delves into the complicated relationship between BCAAs and liver diseases and tries to untangle what role BCAAs play in the occurrence, development, and outcomes of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Luqi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
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Ray AK, Shukla A, Yadav A, Kaur U, Singh AK, Mago P, Bhavesh NS, Chaturvedi R, Tandon R, Shalimar, Kumar A, Malik MZ. A Comprehensive Pilot Study to Elucidate the Distinct Gut Microbial Composition and Its Functional Significance in Cardio-Metabolic Disease. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10847-w. [PMID: 38839647 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardio-metabolic disease is a significant global health challenge with increasing prevalence. Recent research underscores the disruption of gut microbial balance as a key factor in disease susceptibility. We aimed to characterize the gut microbiota composition and function in cardio-metabolic disease and healthy controls. For this purpose, we collected stool samples of 18 subjects (12 diseased, 6 healthy) and we performed metagenomics analysis and functional prediction using QIIME2 and PICRUSt. Furthermore, we carried out assessments of microbe-gene interactions, gene ontology, and microbe-disease associations. Our findings revealed distinct microbial patterns in the diseased group, particularly evident in lower taxonomic levels with significant variations in 14 microbial features. The diseased cohort exhibited an enrichment of Lachnospiraceae family, correlating with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disturbances. Conversely, reduced levels of Clostridium, Gemmiger, and Ruminococcus genera indicated a potential inflammatory state, linked to compromised butyrate production and gut permeability. Functional analyses highlighted dysregulated pathways in amino acid metabolism and energy equilibrium, with perturbations correlating with elevated branch-chain amino acid levels-a known contributor to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These findings were consistent across biomarker assessments, microbe-gene associations, and gene ontology analyses, emphasizing the intricate interplay between gut microbial dysbiosis and cardio-metabolic disease progression. In conclusion, our study unveils significant shifts in gut microbial composition and function in cardio-metabolic disease, emphasizing the broader implications of microbial dysregulation. Addressing gut microbial balance emerges as a crucial therapeutic target in managing cardio-metabolic disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Ray
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Avaneesh Shukla
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Payal Mago
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Campus of Open Learning, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, India
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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李 雨, 王 瑗, 袁 泉. [Latest Findings on the Role of α-Ketoglutarate in Metabolic Syndrome]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:783-792. [PMID: 38948289 PMCID: PMC11211801 DOI: 10.12182/20240560302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an endogenous intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is involved in a variety of cellular metabolic pathways. It serves as an energy donor, a precursor of amino acid biosynthesis, and an epigenetic regulator. α-KG plays physiological functions in immune regulation, oxidative stress, and anti-aging as well. In recent years, it has been reported that the level of α-KG in the body is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and other pathological factors. Exogenous supplementation of α-KG improves obesity, blood glucose levels, and cardiovascular disease risks associated with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, α-KG regulates the common pathological mechanisms of metabolic syndrome, suggesting the potential application prospect of α-KG in metabolic syndrome. In order to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the application of α-KG in metabolic syndrome, we focused on α-KG and metabolic syndrome in this article and summarized the latest research progress in the role of α-KG in improving the pathological condition and disease progression of metabolic syndrome. For the next step, researchers may focus on the co-pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and investigate whether α-KG can be used to achieve the therapeutic goal of "homotherapy for heteropathy" in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- 雨含 李
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 瑗 王
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 泉 袁
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 种植科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Implant, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Tinkov AA, Korobeinikova TV, Morozova GD, Aschner M, Mak DV, Santamaria A, Rocha JBT, Sotnikova TI, Tazina SI, Skalny AV. Association between serum trace element, mineral, and amino acid levels with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult women. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127397. [PMID: 38290269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is assessment of serum trace element and amino acid levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with subsequent evaluation of its independent associations with markers of liver injury and metabolic risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS 140 women aged 20-90 years old with diagnosed NAFLD and 140 healthy women with a respective age range were enrolled in the current study. Analysis of serum and hair levels of trace elements and minerals was performed with inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Serum amino acid concentrations were evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection. In addition, routine biochemical parameters including liver damage markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), were assessed spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that patients with NAFLD were characterized by higher ALT, GGT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (CE) activity, as well as increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid. NAFLD patients were characterized by reduced serum and hair Co, Se, and Zn levels, as well as hair Cu content and serum Mn concentrations in comparison to controls. Circulating Ala, Cit, Glu, Gly, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Tyr levels in NAFLD patients exceeded those in the control group. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that serum and hair trace element levels were significantly associated with circulating amino acid levels after adjustment for age, BMI, and metabolic parameters including liver damage markers. CONCLUSION It is proposed that altered trace element handling may contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis through modulation of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina D Morozova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daria V Mak
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Faculty of Sciencies, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana I Sotnikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; City Clinical Hospital n. a. S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Serafima Ia Tazina
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; City Clinical Hospital n. a. S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Luo W, Xiao Z, Yang X, Wu R, Li J, Yu Z, Guo S, Nie B, Liu D. Liver fat as a dietary target by Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) diet for treating type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081263. [PMID: 38684277 PMCID: PMC11086286 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often coexist and increase risk for developing liver fibrosis and diabetes complications if no effective measures are taken. Dietary intervention is known to be able to achieve diabetes remission, while evidence regarding the long-term effect on liver fat is limited for comorbidity management of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. This study aims to investigate the long-term effect of a Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) diet accompanied by intermittent energy restriction on reducing liver fat and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a multicentre two-armed parallel randomised controlled trial study. 120 participants with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD will be recruited from the physical examination centres of multiple hospitals in China. Participants will be randomly allocated 1:1 to either the CMNT group or the usual care group. The CMNT group will be instructed to consume the provided specific meal replacement Chinese medicinal foods consisting of 6 cycles of 5 consecutive days followed by 10 days of regular food intake. The usual care group will be given standard dietary advice. Primary outcomes are changes in the controlled attenuation parameter value by transient elastography and HbA1c level. Secondary outcomes include differences in anthropometrics, clinical blood markers, questionnaires, gut microbiota and metabolomics. Further follow-up will be performed at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Hunan Agricultural University (BRECHAU20200235).The results will be disseminated via relevant peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05439226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Luo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Nutrition Intervention Technology for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiyu Wu
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Nutrition Intervention Technology for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Nutrition Intervention Technology for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengxiang Guo
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beibei Nie
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Fotakis C, Amanatidou AI, Kafyra M, Andreou V, Kalafati IP, Zervou M, Dedoussis GV. Circulatory Metabolite Ratios as Indicators of Lifestyle Risk Factors Based on a Greek NAFLD Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1235. [PMID: 38674925 PMCID: PMC11055137 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An ensemble of confounding factors, such as an unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking, have been linked to a lifestyle that increases one's susceptibility to chronic diseases and early mortality. The circulatory metabolome may provide a rational means of pinpointing the advent of metabolite variations that reflect an adherence to a lifestyle and are associated with the occurrence of chronic diseases. Data related to four major modifiable lifestyle factors, including adherence to the Mediterranean diet (estimated on MedDietScore), body mass index (BMI), smoking, and physical activity level (PAL), were used to create the lifestyle risk score (LS). The LS was further categorized into four groups, where a higher score group indicates a less healthy lifestyle. Drawing on this, we analyzed 223 NMR serum spectra, 89 MASLD patients and 134 controls; these were coupled to chemometrics to identify "key" features and understand the biological processes involved in specific lifestyles. The unsupervised analysis verified that lifestyle was the factor influencing the samples' differentiation, while the supervised analysis highlighted metabolic signatures. Τhe metabolic ratios of alanine/formic acid and leucine/formic acid, with AUROC > 0.8, may constitute discriminant indexes of lifestyle. On these grounds, this research contributed to understanding the impact of lifestyle on the circulatory metabolome and highlighted "prudent lifestyle" biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Fotakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (C.F.); (V.A.)
| | - Athina I. Amanatidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.I.A.); (M.K.); (I.P.K.)
| | - Maria Kafyra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.I.A.); (M.K.); (I.P.K.)
| | - Vasiliki Andreou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (C.F.); (V.A.)
| | - Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.I.A.); (M.K.); (I.P.K.)
| | - Maria Zervou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (C.F.); (V.A.)
| | - George V. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.I.A.); (M.K.); (I.P.K.)
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Ni Y, Yu Y, Guo F, Lu Y, Wang X, Hao H, Li S, Wei P, Yu W, Hu W. Branched-chain amino acids promote occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease dependent on triglyceride metabolism via activation of the mTOR/SREBP-1/betatrophin pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112164. [PMID: 38262527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is associated with triglyceride (TG) metabolism and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. This study included 1302 subjects and followed for 4-5 years. A hyperbranched-chain aminoacidemia rat model was induced by high fructose diet (HFTD). The relationship between BCAAs and TG level and its regulatory mechanism was investigated in vitro. As results, as baseline BCAA percentile increased, subjects had higher prevalence and incidence of T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD risk (P < 0.05). In animal model, the accumulation of BCAAs and TG and betatrophin expression were significantly elevated in the HFTD group when comparing with those in the SD group(P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence and Masson's trichrome staining revealed that the area of interstitial fibrosis was significantly increased in the HFTD group compared with control group. Met treatment significantly decreased TG levels and betatrophin expression and reversed myocardial fibrosis (P < 0.05). In vitro, LO2 cells, stimulated with 0.1-5 mM BCAAs, displayed a significant dose-dependent increase in betatrophin expression (P < 0.05). And 5 mM BCAAs stimulation significantly increased the p-mTOR and SREBP-1 expression (P < 0.05). However, this effect could be reversed by using the corresponding inhibitor or siRNAs. In conclusions, BCAAs promote occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease dependent on TG metabolism via activation of the mTOR/SREBP-1/betatrophin pathway. The study provides a new theory for the pathogenesis of CVD caused by amino acid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Yaojun Ni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical College and Huai'an First People's Hospital, No. 6, Beijing West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai'an, 223021, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Yanwen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Hairong Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Shayan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Pan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Weinan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an, 223002, China.
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8
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Lu X, Yang R, Chen Y, Chen D. NAD metabolic therapy in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Possible roles of gut microbiota. iScience 2024; 27:109174. [PMID: 38405608 PMCID: PMC10884928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly named non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is induced by alterations of hepatic metabolism. As a critical metabolites function regulator, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) nowadays has been validated to be effective in the treatment of diet-induced murine model of MASLD. Additionally, gut microbiota has been reported to have the potential to prevent MASLD by dietary NAD precursors metabolizing together with mammals. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we hypothesized that NAD enhancing mitochondrial activity might reshape a specific microbiota signature, and improve MASLD progression demonstrated by fecal microbiota transplantation. Here, this review especially focused on the mechanism of Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis together with NAD metabolism for the MASLD progress. Notably, we found significant changes in Prevotella associated with NAD in a gut microbiome signature of certain MASLD patients. With the recent researches, we also inferred that Prevotella can not only regulate the level of NAD pool by boosting the carbon metabolism, but also play a vital part in regulating the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-related fatty acid metabolism pathway. Altogether, our results support the notion that the gut microbiota contribute to the dietary NAD precursors metabolism in MASLD development and the dietary NAD precursors together with certain gut microbiota may be a preventive or therapeutic strategy in MASLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
- Department of Laboratory, Haidong Second People’s Hospital, Haidong 810699, China
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Chan KE, Ong EYH, Chung CH, Ong CEY, Koh B, Tan DJH, Lim WH, Yong JN, Xiao J, Wong ZY, Syn N, Kaewdech A, Teng M, Wang JW, Chew N, Young DY, Know A, Siddiqui MS, Huang DQ, Tamaki N, Wong VWS, Mantzoros CS, Sanyal A, Noureddin M, Ng CH, Muthiah M. Longitudinal Outcomes Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Meta-analysis of 129 Studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:488-498.e14. [PMID: 37775028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been found to manifest in a series of hepatic and extrahepatic complications. A comprehensive meta-analysis of the longitudinal outcomes associated with MASLD has yet to be conducted. METHODS To investigate the longitudinal outcomes associated with MASLD, Medline and Embase databases were searched to identify original studies that evaluated the longitudinal risks of incident clinical outcomes among MASLD patients compared with non-MASLD individuals. DerSimonian Laird random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Pooled effect estimates were calculated, and heterogeneity among studies was evaluated. RESULTS One hundred twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.60; P < .01), various metabolic outcomes such as incident hypertension (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.46-2.08; P < .01), diabetes (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 2.10-3.13; P < .01), pre-diabetes (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.22-2.35; P < .01), metabolic syndrome (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.13-5.85; P = .02), chronic kidney disease (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.27-1.50; P < .01), as well as all cancers (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.35-1.76; P < .01) among MASLD patients compared with non-MASLD individuals. By subgroup analysis, MASLD patients with advanced liver disease (HR, 3.60; 95% CI, 2.10-6.18; P < .01) were also found to be associated with a significantly greater risk (P = .02) of incident diabetes than those with less severe MASLD (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.0-2.45; P = .02) when compared with non-MASLD. CONCLUSIONS The present study emphasizes the association between MASLD and its clinical outcomes including cardiovascular, metabolic, oncologic, and other outcomes. The multisystemic nature of MASLD found in this analysis requires treatment targets to reduce systemic events and end organ complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai En Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elden Yen Hng Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlotte Hui Chung
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christen En Ya Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Ning Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieling Xiao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Yu Wong
- Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Syn
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Apichat Kaewdech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Margaret Teng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Chew
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Dan Yock Young
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Alfred Know
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Cheng Han Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore.
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10
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Kaneva AM, Bojko ER. Fatty liver index (FLI): more than a marker of hepatic steatosis. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:11-26. [PMID: 37875710 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver index (FLI) was developed as a simple and accurate marker of hepatic steatosis. FLI is derived from an algorithm based on body mass index, waist circumference, and levels of triglycerides and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and it is widely used in clinical and epidemiological studies as a screening tool for discriminating between healthy and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects. However, a systematic review of the literature regarding FLI revealed that this index has more extensive relationships with biochemical and physiological parameters. FLI is associated with key parameters of lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, hormones, vitamins and markers of inflammation, or oxidative stress. FLI can be a predictor or risk factor for a number of metabolic and nonmetabolic diseases and mortality. FLI is also used as an indicator for determining the effects of health-related prevention interventions, medications, and toxic substances on humans. Although in most cases, the exact mechanisms underlying these associations have not been fully elucidated, they are most often assumed to be mediated by insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thus, FLI may be a promising marker of metabolic health due to its multiple associations with parameters of physiological and pathological processes. In this context, the present review summarizes the data from currently available literature on the associations between FLI and biochemical variables and physiological functions. We believe that this review will be of interest to researchers working in this area and can provide new perspectives and directions for future studies on FLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya M Kaneva
- Institute of Physiology of Кomi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 50 Pervomayskaya str., 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia.
| | - Evgeny R Bojko
- Institute of Physiology of Кomi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 50 Pervomayskaya str., 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia
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11
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Association between circulating biomarkers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An integrative Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:404-417. [PMID: 37973425 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Circulating biomarkers provide potential diagnostic or prognostic information on disease presentation, progression or both. Early detection of circulating risk biomarkers is critical for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevention. We aimed to systematically assess the potential causal relationship of genetically predicted 60 circulatory biomarkers with NAFLD using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. METHODS AND RESULTS We extracted instrumental variables for 60 circulating biomarkers, and obtained genome-wide association data for NAFLD from 3 sources [(including Anstee, FinnGen and UK Biobank (N ranges: 19264-377988)] among individuals of European ancestry. Our primary method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR, with a series of additional and sensitivity analyses to test the hypothesis of MR. MR results showed that genetically predicted higher density lipoprotein-cholesterol (odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77-0.96) and vitamin D (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19-0.78) levels decreased the risk of NAFLD, whereas genetically predicted higher alanine (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.21-2.33), histidine (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00-1.46), lactate (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.09-6.39), triglycerides (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13), ferritin (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.37), serum iron (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07-1.41) and transferrin saturation (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05-1.29), component 4 (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21) and interleukin-6 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.14-2.30) levels increased the risk of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The findings might aid in elucidating the underlying processes of these causal relationships and provide strong evidence for focusing on high-risk populations and the therapeutic management of specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China.
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12
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Sosnowski K, Przybyłkowski A. Ethanol-induced changes to the gut microbiome compromise the intestinal homeostasis: a review. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2393272. [PMID: 39224006 PMCID: PMC11376419 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2393272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the largest organ in terms of surface area in the human body. It is responsible not only for absorbing nutrients but also for protection against the external world. The gut microbiota is essential in maintaining a properly functioning intestinal barrier, primarily through producing its metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives. Ethanol overconsumption poses a significant threat to intestinal health. Not only does it damage the intestinal epithelium, but, maybe foremostly, it changes the gut microbiome. Those ethanol-driven changes shift its metabolome, depriving the host of the protective effect the physiological gut microbiota has. This literature review discusses the impact of ethanol consumption on the gut, the gut microbiota, and its metabolome, providing a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms through which ethanol disrupts intestinal homeostasis and discussing potential avenues for new therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Sosnowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Przybyłkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Masson HO, Samoudi M, Robinson CM, Kuo CC, Weiss L, Shams Ud Doha K, Campos A, Tejwani V, Dahodwala H, Menard P, Voldborg BG, Robasky B, Sharfstein ST, Lewis NE. Inferring secretory and metabolic pathway activity from omic data with secCellFie. Metab Eng 2024; 81:273-285. [PMID: 38145748 PMCID: PMC11177574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein secretion has considerable importance in biotechnology and important implications in a broad range of normal and pathological conditions including development, immunology, and tissue function. While great progress has been made in studying individual proteins in the secretory pathway, measuring and quantifying mechanistic changes in the pathway's activity remains challenging due to the complexity of the biomolecular systems involved. Systems biology has begun to address this issue with the development of algorithmic tools for analyzing biological pathways; however most of these tools remain accessible only to experts in systems biology with extensive computational experience. Here, we expand upon the user-friendly CellFie tool which quantifies metabolic activity from omic data to include secretory pathway functions, allowing any scientist to infer properties of protein secretion from omic data. We demonstrate how the secretory expansion of CellFie (secCellFie) can help predict metabolic and secretory functions across diverse immune cells, hepatokine secretion in a cell model of NAFLD, and antibody production in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O Masson
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chih-Chung Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linus Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Km Shams Ud Doha
- Proteomics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex Campos
- Proteomics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Tejwani
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hussain Dahodwala
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Patrice Menard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjorn G Voldborg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; National Biologics Facility, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Susan T Sharfstein
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Jiang S, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang L, Wang M, Rong Y, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Wang H, Li T, Si N, Bian B, Zhao H. Biotransformed bear bile powder ameliorates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through modulating arginine biosynthesis via FXR/PXR-PI3K-AKT-NOS3 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115640. [PMID: 37806086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
NASH is a highly prevalent metabolic syndrome that has no specific approved agents up to now. BBBP, which mainly contains bile acids, possess various pharmacological properties and some bile acids are available for NASH treatment. Herein, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of BBBP against NASH were systemically evaluated. In this study, mice received an HFHS diet over a 20-week period to induce NASH with or without BBBP intervention were used to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanisms of BBBP against NASH. Our results demonstrated that BBBP attenuated hepatic steatosis, reduced body weight gain and lipid concentrations, and improved sensitivity to insulin and tolerance to glucose in mice fed an HFHS diet. Metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis revealed that BBBP suppressed the arginine biosynthesis by up-regulating NOS3 expression and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was also regulated by BBBP, as indicated by 55 DEGs. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the regulatory effect of the FXR/PXR-PI3K-AKT-NOS3 axis on arginine biosynthesis-related metabolites. These results were further confirmed by the significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of NOS3, PI3K (Pik3r2), and AKT1. And the increased levels of arginine biosynthesis related-metabolites, such as urea, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, citrulline, arginine, and ornithine, were confirmed accurately based on targeted metabolomics analysis. Together, our study uncoded the complicated mechanisms of anti-NASH activities of BBBP, and provided critical evidence inspiring the discovery of innovative therapies based on BBBP in the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Linna Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Rong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tao Li
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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15
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Xu J, Jin Y, Song C, Chen G, Li Q, Yuan H, Wei S, Yang M, Li S, Jin S. Comparative analysis of the synergetic effects of Diwuyanggan prescription on high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using untargeted metabolomics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22151. [PMID: 38045182 PMCID: PMC10692813 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver disorders worldwide and had no approved pharmacological treatments. Diwuyanggan prescription (DWYG) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation composed of 5 kinds of herbs, which has been used for treating chronic liver diseases in clinic. Whereas, the synergistic mechanism of this prescription for anti-NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the synergetic effect of DWYG by using the disassembled prescriptions and untargeted metabolomics research strategies. The therapeutic effects of the whole prescription of DWYG and the individual herb were divided into six groups according to the strategy of disassembled prescriptions, including DWYG, Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (AC), Curcuma longa L. (CL), Schisandra chinensis Baill. (SC), Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (RG) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GU) groups. The high fat diets-induced NAFLD mice model was constructed to evaluate the efficacy effects of DWYG. An untargeted metabolomics based on the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS approach was carried out to make clear the synergetic effect on the regulation of metabolites dissecting the united mechanisms. Experimental results on animals revealed that the anti-NAFLD effect of DWYG prescription was better than the individual herb group in reducing liver lipid deposition and restoring the abnormality of lipidemia. In addition, further metabolomics analysis indicated that 23 differential metabolites associated with the progression of NAFLD were identified and 19 of them could be improved by DWYG. Compared with five single herbs, DWYG showed the most extensive regulatory effects on metabolites and their related pathways, which were related to lipid and amino acid metabolisms. Besides, each individual herb in DWYG was found to show different degrees of regulatory effects on NAFLD and metabolic pathways. SC and CL possessed the highest relationship in the regulation of NAFLD. Altogether, these results provided an insight into the synergetic mechanisms of DWYG from the metabolic perspective, and also supported a scientific basis for the rationality of clinical use of this prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou 436000, China
| | - Yuehui Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guangya Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou 436000, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou 436000, China
| | - Sha Wei
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuna Jin
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
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16
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Yu Y, Hao H, Kong L, Zhang J, Bai F, Guo F, Wei P, Chen R, Hu W. A metabolomics-based analysis of the metabolic pathways associated with the regulation of branched-chain amino acids in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230079. [PMID: 37522853 PMCID: PMC10503218 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the elevated levels of circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with the development of insulin resistance and its complications, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. However, animal models that can mimic the metabolic state of chronically elevated BCAAs in humans are rare. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the above animal model and analyse the metabolic changes associated with high BCAA levels. Sixteen 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups and given either a high fructose diet or a normal diet. BCAA levels as well as blood glucose and lipid levels were measured at different time points of feeding. The mRNA expression levels of two key enzymes of BCAA catabolism, ACAD (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) and BCKDH (branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase), were measured by qPCR, and the protein expression levels of these two enzymes were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the metabolite expression differences between the two groups were analysed by Q300 metabolomics technology. Our study confirms that defects in the catabolic pathways of BCAAs lead to increased levels of circulating BCAAs, resulting in disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism characterized by insulin resistance by affecting metabolic pathways associated with amino acids and bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hairong Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghui Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Chen CY, Ho HC. Roles of gut microbes in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Tzu Chi Med J 2023; 35:279-289. [PMID: 38035063 PMCID: PMC10683521 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_86_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Gut dysbiosis is considered a significant contributing factor in disease development. Increased intestinal permeability can be induced by gut dysbiosis, followed by the entry of lipopolysaccharide into circulation to reach peripheral tissue and result in chronic inflammation. We reviewed how microbial metabolites push host physiology toward MAFLD, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites. The effects of SCFAs are generally reported as anti-inflammatory and can improve intestinal barrier function and restore gut microbiota. Gut microbes can influence intestinal barrier function through SCFAs produced by fermentative bacteria, especially butyrate and propionate producers. This is achieved through the activation of free fatty acid sensing receptors. Bile is directly involved in lipid absorption. Gut microbes can alter bile acid composition by bile salt hydrolase-producing bacteria and bacterial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-producing bacteria. These bile acids can affect host physiology by activating farnesoid X receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. Gut microbes can also induce MAFLD-associated symptoms by producing tryptophan metabolites kynurenine, serotonin, and indole-3-propionate. A summary of bacterial genera involved in SCFAs production, bile acid transformation, and tryptophan metabolism is provided. Many bacteria have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating MAFLD in animal models and are potential therapeutic candidates for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Ling ZN, Jiang YF, Ru JN, Lu JH, Ding B, Wu J. Amino acid metabolism in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:345. [PMID: 37699892 PMCID: PMC10497558 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein synthesis. They are structural elements and energy sources of cells necessary for normal cell growth, differentiation and function. Amino acid metabolism disorders have been linked with a number of pathological conditions, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases, and cancer. In the case of tumors, alterations in amino acid metabolism can be used not only as clinical indicators of cancer progression but also as therapeutic strategies. Since the growth and development of tumors depend on the intake of foreign amino acids, more and more studies have targeted the metabolism of tumor-related amino acids to selectively kill tumor cells. Furthermore, immune-related studies have confirmed that amino acid metabolism regulates the function of effector T cells and regulatory T cells, affecting the function of immune cells. Therefore, studying amino acid metabolism associated with disease and identifying targets in amino acid metabolic pathways may be helpful for disease treatment. This article mainly focuses on the research of amino acid metabolism in tumor-oriented diseases, and reviews the research and clinical research progress of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and immune-related diseases related to amino acid metabolism, in order to provide theoretical basis for targeted therapy of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Nan Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Nan Ru
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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Amjad W, Shalaurova I, Garcia E, Gruppen EG, Dullaart RPF, DePaoli AM, Jiang ZG, Lai M, Connelly MA. Circulating Citrate Is Associated with Liver Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13332. [PMID: 37686138 PMCID: PMC10487511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with mitochondrial damage. Circulating mitochondrial metabolites may be elevated in NAFLD but their associations with liver damage is not known. This study aimed to assess the association of key mitochondrial metabolites with the degree of liver fibrosis in the context of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cross-sectional analyses were performed on two cohorts of biopsy-proven NAFLD and/or NASH subjects. The association of circulating mitochondrial metabolite concentrations with liver fibrosis was assessed using linear regression analysis. In the single-center cohort of NAFLD subjects (n = 187), the mean age was 54.9 ±13.0 years, 40.1% were female and 86.1% were White. Type 2 diabetes (51.3%), hypertension (43.9%) and obesity (72.2%) were prevalent. Those with high citrate had a higher proportion of moderate/significant liver fibrosis (stage F ≥ 2) (68.4 vs. 39.6%, p = 0.001) and advanced fibrosis (stage F ≥ 3) (31.6 vs. 13.6%, p = 0.01). Citrate was associated with liver fibrosis independent of age, sex, NAFLD activity score and metabolic syndrome (per 1 SD increase: β = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.03-0.35, p = 0.02). This association was also observed in a cohort of NASH subjects (n = 176) (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07-0.36, p = 0.005). The association of citrate with liver fibrosis was observed in males (p = 0.005) but not females (p = 0.41). In conclusion, circulating citrate is elevated and associated with liver fibrosis, particularly in male subjects with NAFLD and NASH. Mitochondrial function may be a target to consider for reducing the progression of liver fibrosis and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Amjad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (W.A.); (Z.G.J.); (M.L.)
| | | | - Erwin Garcia
- Labcorp, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (I.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Eke G. Gruppen
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.G.G.); (R.P.F.D.)
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.G.G.); (R.P.F.D.)
| | | | - Z. Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (W.A.); (Z.G.J.); (M.L.)
| | - Michelle Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (W.A.); (Z.G.J.); (M.L.)
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20
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Amanatidou AI, Mikropoulou EV, Amerikanou C, Milanovic M, Stojanoski S, Bjelan M, Cesarini L, Campolo J, Thanopoulou A, Banerjee R, Kurth MJ, Milic N, Medic-Stojanoska M, Trivella MG, Visvikis-Siest S, Gastaldelli A, Halabalaki M, Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GV. Plasma Amino Acids in NAFLD Patients with Obesity Are Associated with Steatosis and Fibrosis: Results from the MAST4HEALTH Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:959. [PMID: 37623902 PMCID: PMC10456787 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been linked to changes in amino acid (AA) levels. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between MRI parameters that reflect inflammation and fibrosis and plasma AA concentrations in NAFLD patients. Plasma AA levels of 97 NAFLD patients from the MAST4HEALTH study were quantified with liquid chromatography. Medical, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics were collected and biochemical parameters, as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, were measured. In total, subjects with a higher MRI-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) exhibited higher plasma AA levels compared to subjects with lower PDFF. The concentrations of BCAAs (p-Value: 0.03), AAAs (p-Value: 0.039), L-valine (p-Value: 0.029), L-tyrosine (p-Value: 0.039) and L-isoleucine (p-Value: 0.032) were found to be significantly higher in the higher PDFF group compared to lower group. Plasma AA levels varied according to MRI-PDFF. Significant associations were also demonstrated between AAs and MRI-PDFF and MRI-cT1, showing the potential utility of circulating AAs as diagnostic markers of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina I. Amanatidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (G.V.D.)
| | - Eleni V. Mikropoulou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.V.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (G.V.D.)
| | - Maja Milanovic
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Stefan Stojanoski
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
- Center for Diagnostic Imaging, Oncology Institute of Vojvodine, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Mladen Bjelan
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Lucia Cesarini
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jonica Campolo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anastasia Thanopoulou
- Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Mary Jo Kurth
- Clinical Studies Group, Randox Laboratories Ltd., Crumlin BT29 4RN, UK;
| | - Natasa Milic
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Milica Medic-Stojanoska
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (N.M.); (M.M.-S.)
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivella
- Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.T.); (A.G.)
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- INSERM UMR U1122, IGE-PCV, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, 30 Rue Lionnois, 54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.V.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Andriana C. Kaliora
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (G.V.D.)
| | - George V. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (G.V.D.)
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Pagano S, Bakker SJL, Juillard C, Dullaart RPF, Vuilleumier N. Serum Level of Cytokeratin 18 (M65) as a Prognostic Marker of High Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1128. [PMID: 37509164 PMCID: PMC10377236 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in apoptosis, as reflected by circulating Cytokeratin 18 (CK18), are involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherogenesis. We aimed to explore the discriminant accuracy of Cytokeratin 18 (CK18, including M65 and M30 forms) for an elevated fatty liver index (FLI) as a validated proxy of NAFLD, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the general population. Both serum CK18 forms were measured using a commercial immunoassay in randomly selected samples from 312 participants of the PREVEND general population cohort. FLI ≥ 60 was used to indicate NAFLD. Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and the SCORE2 were used to estimate the 10-year risk of CVD. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, linear/logistic regression models, and Spearman's correlations were used. Intricate associations were found between CK18, FLI, and CVD risk scores. While M30 was the only independent predictor of FLI ≥ 60, M65 best discriminated NAFLD individuals at very-high 10-year CVD risk according to SCORE2 (AUC: 0.71; p = 0.001). Values above the predefined manufacturer cutoff (400 U/L) were associated with an independent 5-fold increased risk (adjusted odds ratio: 5.44, p = 0.01), with a negative predictive value of 93%. Confirming that NAFLD is associated with an increased CVD risk, our results in a European general population-based cohort suggest that CK18 M65 may represent a candidate biomarker to identify NAFLD individuals at low CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pagano
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostics Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Catherine Juillard
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostics Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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22
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Dolce A, Della Torre S. Sex, Nutrition, and NAFLD: Relevance of Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102335. [PMID: 37242221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and represents an increasing public health issue given the limited treatment options and its association with several other metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The epidemic, still growing prevalence of NAFLD worldwide cannot be merely explained by changes in diet and lifestyle that occurred in the last few decades, nor from their association with genetic and epigenetic risk factors. It is conceivable that environmental pollutants, which act as endocrine and metabolic disruptors, may contribute to the spreading of this pathology due to their ability to enter the food chain and be ingested through contaminated food and water. Given the strict interplay between nutrients and the regulation of hepatic metabolism and reproductive functions in females, pollutant-induced metabolic dysfunctions may be of particular relevance for the female liver, dampening sex differences in NAFLD prevalence. Dietary intake of environmental pollutants can be particularly detrimental during gestation, when endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with the programming of liver metabolism, accounting for the developmental origin of NAFLD in offspring. This review summarizes cause-effect evidence between environmental pollutants and increased incidence of NAFLD and emphasizes the need for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dolce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Masson HO, Samoudi M, Robinson CM, Kuo CC, Weiss L, Doha KSU, Campos A, Tejwani V, Dahodwala H, Menard P, Voldborg BG, Sharfstein ST, Lewis NE. Inferring secretory and metabolic pathway activity from omic data with secCellFie. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.04.539316. [PMID: 37205389 PMCID: PMC10187314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein secretion has considerable importance in the biotechnology industry and important implications in a broad range of normal and pathological conditions including development, immunology, and tissue function. While great progress has been made in studying individual proteins in the secretory pathway, measuring and quantifying mechanistic changes in the pathway's activity remains challenging due to the complexity of the biomolecular systems involved. Systems biology has begun to address this issue with the development of algorithmic tools for analyzing biological pathways; however most of these tools remain accessible only to experts in systems biology with extensive computational experience. Here, we expand upon the user-friendly CellFie tool which quantifies metabolic activity from omic data to include secretory pathway functions, allowing any scientist to infer protein secretion capabilities from omic data. We demonstrate how the secretory expansion of CellFie (secCellFie) can be used to predict metabolic and secretory functions across diverse immune cells, hepatokine secretion in a cell model of NAFLD, and antibody production in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O. Masson
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chih-Chung Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linus Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Km Shams Ud Doha
- Proteomics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex Campos
- Proteomics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Tejwani
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hussain Dahodwala
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
- Present address: National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Patrice Menard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjorn G. Voldborg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- National Biologics Facility, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zhu Y, Hu H, Wu Y, Rao Y, Li Q, Duan X, Yao G, Yin H, Luo Z. The association between fatty liver index and onset of diabetes: secondary analysis of a population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:679. [PMID: 37041534 PMCID: PMC10091632 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to research, the fatty liver index (FLI) is associated with diabetes. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between FLI and diabetes risk from various perspectives. This study comprehensively investigated the relationship between FLI and incident diabetes in a large Japanese population. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 14,280 participants from Murakami Memorial Hospital in Japan from 2004 to 2015. The independent and dependent variables are FLI and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. To examine the link between FLI and incident T2DM, Cox proportional-hazards regression was employed. In addition, we performed a number of sensitivity studies to guarantee the validity of the results. Moreover, we conducted subgroup analyses. RESULTS After adjusting covariates, the results showed that FLI was positively associated with the risk of T2DM (HR = 1.019, 95%CI: 1.012, 1.025). Additionally, the sensitivity analysis showed how reliable the outcomes were. And a stronger association between FLI and incident T2DM was observed in the regular exercisers (HR = 1.036, 95%CI: 1.019-1.053, P < 0.0001) and the population without ethanol consumption (HR = 1.028, 95%CI: 1.017-1.039, P < 0.0001). Besides, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that FLI was better than waist circumference, triglycerides, body mass index, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in predicting incident T2DM. CONCLUSION FLI is positively associated with incident T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, No.23 Haibang Street, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No.29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinhua Rao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Longhua Branch, Guangdong Province, 518000, China
| | - Qixiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, No.23 Haibang Street, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuehui Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, No.23 Haibang Street, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guopeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, No.23 Haibang Street, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hekun Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, No.23 Haibang Street, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Ziyi Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No.29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
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25
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Sideris GA, Tsaramanidis S, Vyllioti AT, Njuguna N. The Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation in Combination with Locoregional Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:926. [PMID: 36765884 PMCID: PMC9913329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been linked with favorable outcomes in patients undergoing surgical or palliative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, there has been no systematic review investigating the value of BCAA supplementation in HCC patients undergoing locoregional therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of the literature was performed across five databases/registries using a detailed search algorithm according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The search was conducted on March 23, 2022. RESULTS Sixteen studies with a total of 1594 patients were analyzed. Most patients were male (64.6%) with a mean age of 68.2 ± 4.1 years, Child-Pugh score A (67.9%) and stage II disease (40.0%). Locoregional therapy consisted of radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization or hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. BCAA supplementation was in the form of BCAA granules or BCAA-enriched nutrient. Most studies reported improved albumin levels, non-protein respiratory quotient and quality of life in the BCAA group. Results pertaining to other outcomes including overall survival, recurrence rate, and Child-Pugh score were variable. Meta-analysis showed significantly higher levels of post-treatment serum albumin in the BCAA group (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.20-0.87) but no significant differences in mortality rate (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65-1.02) and AST (SMD = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.43-0.18). CONCLUSION BCAA supplementation is associated with higher post-treatment albumin levels. There are currently not sufficient data to support additional benefits. Further studies are needed to elucidate their value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A. Sideris
- Baystate Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
- Radiology Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Savvas Tsaramanidis
- Radiology Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Surgery, Ippokrateio General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Njogu Njuguna
- Baystate Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
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Association of Fatty Liver Index with Incident Diabetes Risk in Patients Initiating Statin-Therapy: A 6-Year Retrospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030503. [PMID: 36766607 PMCID: PMC9913972 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are associated with new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D), mainly in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The fatty liver index (FLI) is used as a prognostic score for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is common in patients with MetS. We aimed to investigate the association of FLI with new-onset T2D in patients initiating statin therapy. METHODS A retrospective observational study including 1241 individuals with dyslipidemia and followed up for ≥3 years. Patients with T2D and those receiving lipid-lowering treatment at the baseline visit were excluded. Models with clinical and laboratory parameters were used to assess the association of FLI with incident T2D. RESULTS Among the 882 eligible subjects, 11% developed T2D during the follow-up (6 years; IQR: 4-10 years). After adjusting for sex, age and MetS parameters, a multivariate analysis revealed that age (HR:1.05; 95%CI: 1.01-1.09, p < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose (HR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.06-1.13, p < 0.001) and FLI (HR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.04, p < 0.01) were independently associated with T2D risk. The subjects with probable NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) had a three-fold increased T2D risk compared with the subjects with FLI < 60 (HR: 3.14; 95%CI: 1.50-6.59, p = 0.001). A ROC curve analysis showed that FLI had a significant, although poor, predictive value for assessing T2D risk (C-Statistic: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.58-0.77, p = 0.001). Higher FLI values were associated with reduced T2D-free survival (log-rank = 15.46, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FLI is significantly and independently associated with new-onset T2D risk in patients initiating statin therapy.
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Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Insulin Resistance, from Protein Supply to Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010068. [PMID: 36615726 PMCID: PMC9824001 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, there has been a wide debate about the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, valine, and isoleucine, with, on the one hand, the supporters of their anabolic effects and, on the other hand, those who suspect them of promoting insulin resistance. Indeed, the role of leucine in the postprandial activation of protein synthesis has been clearly established, even though supplementation studies aimed at taking advantage of this property are rather disappointing. Furthermore, there is ample evidence of an association between the elevation of their plasma concentrations and insulin resistance or the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, although there are many confounding factors, starting with the level of animal protein consumption. After a summary of their metabolism and anabolic properties, we analyze in this review the factors likely to increase the plasma concentrations of BCAAs, including insulin-resistance. After an analysis of supplementation or restriction studies in search of a direct role of BCAAs in insulin resistance, we discuss an indirect role through some of their metabolites: branched-chain keto acids, C3 and C5 acylcarnitines, and hydroxyisobutyrate. Overall, given the importance of insulin in the metabolism of these amino acids, it is very likely that small alterations in insulin sensitivity are responsible for a reduction in their catabolism long before the onset of impaired glucose tolerance.
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Stachowska E, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Palma J, Mielko KA, Qasem B, Kozłowska-Petriczko K, Ufnal M, Sokolowska KE, Hawryłkowicz V, Załęska P, Jakubczyk K, Wunsch E, Ryterska K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Młynarz P. Precision Nutrition in NAFLD: Effects of a High-Fiber Intervention on the Serum Metabolome of NAFD Patients-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245355. [PMID: 36558512 PMCID: PMC9787857 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dysfunction of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. We aimed to assess whether replacing bread with high-fiber buns beneficially changes the metabolome in NAFLD patients. This study involved 27 adult patients with NAFLD validated by FibroScan® (CAP ≥ 234 dB/m). Patients were asked to replace their existing bread for two meals with high-fiber buns. In this way, the patients ate two rolls every day for 2 months. The following parameters were analysed (at the beginning and after 2 months): the anthropometric data (BIA), eating habits (24 h food recalls), gut barrier markers (lipopolysaccharide S and liposaccharide binding protein (LPS, LBP)), serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) by GC/MS chromatography, as well as serum metabolites (by 1H NMR spectroscopy). After 2 months of high-fiber roll consumption, the reduction of liver steatosis was observed (change Fibroscan CAP values from 309-277 dB/m). In serum propionate, acetate, isovaleric, and 2-methylbutyric decrease was observed. Proline, choline and one unknown molecule had higher relative concentration in serum at endpoint. A fiber-targeted dietary approach may be helpful in the treatment of patients with NAFLD, by changing the serum microbiota metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department of Biochemical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Anna Mielko
- Department Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Ufnal
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ewa Sokolowska
- Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Victoria Hawryłkowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Załęska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karina Ryterska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.S.-Ż.); (P.M.)
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.S.-Ż.); (P.M.)
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Tong C, Li Q, Kong L, Ni X, Halengbieke A, Zhang S, Wu Z, Tao L, Han Y, Zheng D, Guo X, Yang X. Sex-specific metabolic risk factors and their trajectories towards the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease incidence. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2233-2245. [PMID: 35896944 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease. This study examined sex-specific associations between NAFLD and metabolic factors and investigated the trajectory of risk factors. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 16,140 individuals from Beijing Health Management Cohort. Univariate and multivariate time-dependent Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for new-onset NAFLD. The trajectory of risk factors was investigated using the latent growth curve model and growth mixture model. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 3.15 years, 2,450 (15.18%) participants developed NAFLD. The risk factors for NAFLD in men were increased body mass index (BMI); waist circumference (WC); triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), haemoglobin (Hb), and serum uric acid (SUA) levels; and platelet (PLT) count and decreased serum creatinine-to-body weight (sCr/bw) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. In women, the risk factors were increased BMI, WC, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), TG, LDL-C, SUA, white blood cell (WBC), and PLT and decreased sCr/bw and HDL-C levels. In addition, BMI, LDL-C, sCr/bw and PLT changing trajectories were associated with NAFLD in men; BMI, WC, TG, LDL-C, SUA and sCr/bw trends was associated with NAFLD risk in women. CONCLUSIONS Development of NAFLD is associated with BMI, LDL-C, sCr/bw and PLT changing trajectories in men; BMI, WC, TG, LDL-C, SUA and sCr/bw trends are associated an increased risk of NAFLD in women. Deterioration of metabolic risk factors status can be a predictor of NAFLD many years before its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tong
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Q Li
- Science and Education Section, Beijing Physical Examination Center, No. 59, Beiwei Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - L Kong
- Information Center, Beijing Physical Examination Center, No. 59, Beiwei Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - X Ni
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - A Halengbieke
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - S Zhang
- Medical Records Statistics Office, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Z Wu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - L Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Y Han
- Science and Education Section, Beijing Physical Examination Center, No. 59, Beiwei Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - D Zheng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - X Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - X Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Puppala S, Spradling-Reeves KD, Chan J, Birnbaum S, Newman DE, Comuzzie AG, Mahaney MC, VandeBerg JL, Olivier M, Cox LA. Hepatic transcript signatures predict atherosclerotic lesion burden prior to a 2-year high cholesterol, high fat diet challenge. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271514. [PMID: 35925965 PMCID: PMC9352111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify molecular mechanisms by which the liver influences total lesion burden in a nonhuman primate model (NHP) of cardiovascular disease with acute and chronic feeding of a high cholesterol, high fat (HCHF) diet. Baboons (47 females, 64 males) were fed a HCHF diet for 2 years (y); liver biopsies were collected at baseline, 7 weeks (w) and 2y, and lesions were quantified in aortic arch, descending aorta, and common iliac at 2y. Unbiased weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed several modules of hepatic genes correlated with lesions at different time points of dietary challenge. Pathway and network analyses were performed to study the roles of hepatic module genes. More significant pathways were observed in males than females. In males, we found modules enriched for genes in oxidative phosphorylation at baseline, opioid signaling at 7w, and EIF2 signaling and HNF1A and HNF4A networks at baseline and 2y. One module enriched for fatty acid β oxidation pathway genes was found in males and females at 2y. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a large NHP cohort to identify hepatic genes that correlate with lesion burden. Correlations of baseline and 7w module genes with lesions at 2y were observed in males but not in females. Pathway analyses of baseline and 7w module genes indicate EIF2 signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and μ-opioid signaling are possible mechanisms that predict lesion formation induced by HCHF diet consumption in males. Our findings of coordinated hepatic transcriptional response in male baboons but not female baboons indicate underlying molecular mechanisms differ between female and male primate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Puppala
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimberly D. Spradling-Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shifra Birnbaum
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deborah E. Newman
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Michael C. Mahaney
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - John L. VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Zhang R, Mu H, Li Z, Zeng J, Zhou Q, Li H, Wang S, Li X, Zhao X, Sun L, Chen W, Dong J, Yang R. Oral administration of branched-chain amino acids ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease via gut microbiota-associated mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:920277. [PMID: 35935188 PMCID: PMC9354786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.920277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), essential amino acids for the human body, are mainly obtained from food. High levels of BCAAs in circulation are considered as potential markers of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in humans. However, there are conflicting reports about the effects of supplement of BCAAs on MAFLD, and research on BCAAs and gut microbiota is not comprehensive. Here, C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet with or without BCAAs to elucidate the effects of BCAAs on the gut microbiota and metabolic functions in a mouse model of MAFLD. Compared to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, BCAA supplementation significantly reduced the mouse body weight, ratio of liver/body weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the expressions of the lipogenesis-related enzymes Fas, Acc, and Scd-1 and increased expressions of the lipolysis-related enzymes Cpt1A and Atgl in the liver. BCAAs supplementation also counteracted HFD-induced elevations in serum BCAAs levels by stimulating the enzymatic activity of BCKDH. Furthermore, BCAAs supplementation markedly improved the gut bacterial diversity and altered the gut microbiota composition and abundances, especially those of genera, in association with MAFLD and BCAAs metabolism. These data suggest that BCAA treatment improves HFD-induced MAFLD through mechanisms involving intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongna Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruiyue Yang,
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Grenier-Larouche T, Coulter Kwee L, Deleye Y, Leon-Mimila P, Walejko JM, McGarrah RW, Marceau S, Trahan S, Racine C, Carpentier AC, Lusis AJ, Ilkayeva O, Vohl MC, Huertas-Vazquez A, Tchernof A, Shah SH, Newgard CB, White PJ. Altered branched-chain α-keto acid metabolism is a feature of NAFLD in individuals with severe obesity. JCI Insight 2022; 7:159204. [PMID: 35797133 PMCID: PMC9462486 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic de novo lipogenesis is influenced by the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) kinase (BCKDK). Here, we aimed to determine whether circulating levels of the immediate substrates of BCKDH, the branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs), and hepatic BCKDK expression are associated with the presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Eighty metabolites (3 BCKAs, 14 amino acids, 43 acylcarnitines, 20 ceramides) were quantified in plasma from 288 patients with bariatric surgery with severe obesity and scored liver biopsy samples. Metabolite principal component analysis factors, BCKAs, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and the BCKA/BCAA ratio were tested for associations with steatosis grade and presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Of all analytes tested, only the Val-derived BCKA, α-keto-isovalerate, and the BCKA/BCAA ratio were associated with both steatosis grade and NASH. Gene expression analysis in liver samples from 2 independent bariatric surgery cohorts showed that hepatic BCKDK mRNA expression correlates with steatosis, ballooning, and levels of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1. Experiments in AML12 hepatocytes showed that SREBP1 inhibition lowered BCKDK mRNA expression. These findings demonstrate that higher plasma levels of BCKA and hepatic expression of BCKDK are features of human NAFLD/NASH and identify SREBP1 as a transcriptional regulator of BCKDK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grenier-Larouche
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Lydia Coulter Kwee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Yann Deleye
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Paola Leon-Mimila
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Simon Marceau
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Trahan
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Racine
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andre Tchernof
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
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Coker MS, Barati Z, Murphy CJ, Bateman T, Newcomer BR, Wolfe RR, Coker RH. Essential amino acid enriched meal replacement improves body composition and physical function in obese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:104-111. [PMID: 36184194 PMCID: PMC10162659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are threatened by the risk of muscle atrophy and excess accumulation of adipose tissue. The objective of this study was to determine whether an essential amino acid enriched meal replacement would reduce excess fat and foster skeletal muscle retention, potentially improving physical function in this cohort. METHODS Using a double blind, randomized controlled trial, we compared the influence of an experimental meal replacement enriched with essential amino acids (EMR) to a commercially available, widely used meal replacement (Optifast®) provided once/day (q.d.) for four weeks on body composition, skeletal muscle and physical function in obese older participants. Twenty-eight individuals completed either EMR (n = 13) or Optifast® (n = 15) supplementation protocols. Measurements of body composition, thigh skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), blood panels, intrahepatic lipid, and physical function were completed pre- and post-supplementation. RESULTS Body fat mass, visceral fat mass and volume, and intrahepatic lipid were reduced with EMR but not with Optifast®. Thigh muscle CSA increased (Δ 2.4 ± 3.0 cm2) with EMR but not Optifast® (Δ -1.8 ± 6.0 cm2). There was a significant increase in the distance covered during the 6-min walk test with EMR (Δ 23 ± 27 m) but no change in Optifast® (Δ 11 ± 37 m). CONCLUSIONS Beneficial alterations in fat and muscle support the use of EMR-based meal replacements in obese older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry under Reference Number ISRCTN15814848.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melynda S Coker
- Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Zeinab Barati
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Carl J Murphy
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Terry Bateman
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | | | - Robert R Wolfe
- Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert H Coker
- Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
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The Emerging Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Liver Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061444. [PMID: 35740464 PMCID: PMC9220261 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases pose a substantial health burden worldwide, with approximately two million deaths each year. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-valine, leucine, and isoleucine-are a group of essential amino acids that are essential for human health. Despite the necessity of a dietary intake of BCAA, emerging data indicate the undeniable correlation between elevated circulating BCAA levels and chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, circulatory BCAAs were positively associated with a higher cholesterol level, liver fat content, and insulin resistance (IR). However, BCAA supplementation was found to provide positive outcomes in cirrhosis and HCC patients. This review will attempt to address the contradictory claims found in the literature, with a special focus on BCAAs' distribution, key signaling pathways, and the modulation of gut microbiota. This should provide a better understanding of BCAAs' possible contribution to liver health.
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Dimou A, Tsimihodimos V, Bairaktari E. The Critical Role of the Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Catabolism-Regulating Enzymes, Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCAT) and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase (BCKD), in Human Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074022. [PMID: 35409380 PMCID: PMC8999875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are essential amino acids widely studied for their crucial role in the regulation of protein synthesis mainly through the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and their emerging recognition as players in the regulation of various physiological and metabolic processes, such as glucose homeostasis. BCAA supplementation is primarily used as a beneficial nutritional intervention in chronic liver and kidney disease as well as in muscle wasting disorders. However, downregulated/upregulated plasma BCAAs and their defective catabolism in various tissues, mainly due to altered enzymatic activity of the first two enzymes in their catabolic pathway, BCAA aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), have been investigated in many nutritional and disease states. The current review focused on the underlying mechanisms of altered BCAA catabolism and its contribution to the pathogenesis of a numerous pathological conditions such as diabetes, heart failure and cancer. In addition, we summarize findings that indicate that the recovery of the dysregulated BCAA catabolism may be associated with an improved outcome and the prevention of serious disease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dimou
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-07620
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van den Berg EH, Flores-Guerrero JL, Gruppen EG, Garcia E, Connelly MA, de Meijer VE, Bakker SJL, Blokzijl H, Dullaart RPF. Profoundly Disturbed Lipoproteins in Cirrhotic Patients: Role of Lipoprotein-Z, a Hepatotoxic LDL-like Lipoprotein. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051223. [PMID: 35268313 PMCID: PMC8910943 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed information regarding lipoprotein concentrations and subfractions in cirrhotic patients before and after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is lacking. Lipoprotein-Z (LP-Z) is a recently characterised abnormal, hepatotoxic free cholesterol-rich low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like lipoprotein. We determined the lipoprotein profiles, including LP-Z, in cirrhotic patients and OLT recipients and assessed the prognostic significance of LP-Z on the OLT waiting list. We performed analyses in cirrhotic transplant candidates and non-cirrhotic OLT recipients. A population-based cohort was used as reference. The setting was a University hospital. Lipoprotein particle concentrations and subfractions were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the cirrhotic patients (N = 130), most measures of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), LDL, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were much lower compared to the OLT recipients (N = 372) and controls (N = 6027) (p < 0.01). In the OLT recipients, many lipoprotein variables were modestly lower, but HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and TRL and HDL size were greater vs. the control population. LP-Z was measurable in 40 cirrhotic patients and 3 OLT recipients (30.8% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001). The cirrhotic patients with measurable LP-Z levels had profoundly lower HDL-cholesterol and particle concentrations (p < 0.001), and worse Child Pugh Turcotte classifications and MELD scores. The presence of LP-Z (adjusted for age, sex, and MELD score) predicted worse survival in cirrhotic patients (HR per 1 LnSD increment: 1.11, 95%CI 1.03−1.19, p = 0.003). In conclusion, cirrhotic patients have considerably lower plasma concentrations of all major lipoprotein classes with changes in lipoprotein subfraction distribution. After OLT, these lipoprotein abnormalities are in part reversed. LP-Z is associated with cirrhosis. Its presence may translate in disturbed HDL metabolism and worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline H. van den Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-3610426
| | - Jose L. Flores-Guerrero
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.L.F.-G.); (E.G.G.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Eke G. Gruppen
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.L.F.-G.); (E.G.G.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (E.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Margery A. Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (E.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Vincent E. de Meijer
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.L.F.-G.); (E.G.G.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Böhler M, van den Berg EH, Almanza MCT, Connelly MA, Bakker SJL, de Meijer VE, Dullaart RPF, Blokzijl H. Branched Chain Amino Acids are associated with Metabolic Complications in Liver Transplant Recipients. Clin Biochem 2022; 102:26-33. [PMID: 35143831 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) contribute substantially to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). Elevated plasma branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are linked to metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles in several non-OLTx populations. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of liver transplant recipients from TransplantLines, a single-center biobank and cohort study. BCAA plasma levels were measured by means of nuclear-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CVD and cardiometabolic factors were collected by using data from electronic patient records. Associations were determined between BCAA plasma levels and T2D, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), CVD as well as mTOR inhibition in liver transplant recipients. RESULTS 336 Patients were divided into sex-stratified tertiles of total BCAA. MetS (P<0.001) and T2D (P=0.002) were significantly more frequent in subjects in the highest BCAA tertile. In logistic regression analyses, the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) per 1 standard deviation increase in BCAA was 1.68 (95%CI: 1.18-2.20, P=0.003) for MetS and 1.60 (95%CI: 1.14-2.23, P=0.006) for T2D. Use of Sirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) was significantly associated with higher BCAA plasma levels, independent of age, sex, time after OLTx, MetS and other immunosuppressive medication (adjusted P=0.002). CONCLUSION Elevated BCAA plasma levels are associated with T2D, MetS and use of Sirolimus in liver transplant recipients. BCAA plasma levels may represent a valuable biomarker for cardiometabolic complications after OLTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Böhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline H van den Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C T Almanza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, United States of America
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent E de Meijer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Post A, Kremer D, Swarte JC, Sokooti S, Vogelpohl FA, Groothof D, Kema I, Garcia E, Connelly MA, Wallimann T, Dullaart RP, Franssen CF, Bakker SJ. Plasma creatine concentration is associated with incident hypertension in a cohort enriched for the presence of high urinary albumin concentration: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease study. J Hypertens 2022; 40:229-239. [PMID: 34371517 PMCID: PMC8728759 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE : Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and premature death. Increased levels of creatine kinase are associated with development of hypertension. However, it is unknown if creatine, a substrate of CK, is associated with the development of hypertension. We therefore, aimed to investigate the association between plasma creatine concentration and incident hypertension. METHODS We measured fasting plasma creatine concentrations by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in participants of the population-based PREVEND study. The study outcome was incident hypertension, defined as either a SBP of at least 140 mmHg, a DBP of at least 90 mmHg, or the new usage of antihypertensive drugs. Participants with hypertension at baseline were excluded. RESULTS We included 3135 participants (46% men) aged 49 ± 10 years. Mean plasma creatine concentrations were 36.2 ± 17.5 μmol/l, with higher concentrations in women than in men (42.2 ± 17.6 versus 29.2 ± 17.6 μmol/l; P < 0.001). During a median of 7.1 [interquartile range: 3.6-7.6] years of follow-up, 927 participants developed incident hypertension. Higher plasma creatine concentrations were associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension [HR per doubling of plasma creatine: 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.34); P < 0.001], which remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. Sex-stratified analyses demonstrated higher plasma creatine that was independently associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension in men [hazard ratio: 1.26 (95% CI 1.11-1.44); P < 0.001], but not in women (hazard ratio: 1.13 (95% CI 0.96-1.33); P = 0.14]. Causal pathway analyses demonstrate that the association was not explained by sodium or protein intake. CONCLUSION Higher plasma creatine is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in men. Future studies are warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ido.P. Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margery A. Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
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Post A, Garcia E, van den Berg EH, Flores-Guerrero JL, Gruppen EG, Groothof D, Westenbrink BD, Connelly MA, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, circulating ketone bodies and all-cause mortality in a general population-based cohort. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13627. [PMID: 34120339 PMCID: PMC9285047 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent, paralleling the obesity epidemic. Ketone bodies are produced in the liver, but it is currently uncertain whether circulating ketone bodies are increased in the context of NAFLD. We investigated the association between NAFLD and circulating ketone bodies and determined the extent to which NAFLD and circulating ketone bodies are associated with all-cause mortality. METHODS Plasma ketone bodies were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in participants of the general population-based PREVEND study. A fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60 was regarded as a proxy of NAFLD. Associations of an elevated FLI and ketone bodies with all-cause mortality were investigated using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The study included 6,297 participants aged 54 ± 12 years, of whom 1,970 (31%) had elevated FLI. Participants with elevated FLI had higher total ketone bodies (194 [153-259] vs 170 [133-243] µmol/L; P < .001) than participants without elevated FLI. During 7.9 [7.8-8.9] years of follow-up, 387 (6%) participants died. An elevated FLI was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.34 [1.06-1.70]; P = .02). Higher total ketone bodies were also associated with an increased mortality risk (HR per doubling: 1.29 [1.12-1.49]; P < .001). Mediation analysis suggested that the association of elevated FLI with all-cause mortality was in part mediated by ketone bodies (proportion mediated: 10%, P < .001). CONCLUSION Circulating ketone bodies were increased in participants with suspected NAFLD. Both suspected NAFLD and higher circulating ketone bodies are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Eline H van den Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose L Flores-Guerrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eke G Gruppen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dion Groothof
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lefebvre P, Staels B. Hepatic sexual dimorphism - implications for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:662-670. [PMID: 34417588 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver is often thought of as a single functional unit, but both its structural and functional architecture make it highly multivalent and adaptable. In any given physiological situation, the liver can maintain metabolic homeostasis, conduct appropriate inflammatory responses, carry out endobiotic and xenobiotic transformation and synthesis reactions, as well as store and release multiple bioactive molecules. Moreover, the liver is a very resilient organ. This resilience means that chronic liver diseases can go unnoticed for decades, yet culminate in life-threatening clinical complications once the adaptive capacity of the liver is overwhelmed. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) predisposes individuals to cirrhosis and increases liver-related and cardiovascular disease-related mortality. This Review discusses the accumulating evidence of sexual dimorphism in NAFLD, which is currently rarely considered in preclinical and clinical studies. Increased awareness of the mechanistic causes of hepatic sexual dimorphism could lead to improved understanding of the biological processes that are dysregulated in NAFLD, to the identification of relevant therapeutic targets and to improved risk stratification of patients with NAFLD undergoing therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lefebvre
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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Feng L, Liang X, Mao X, Wan H, Wu Y, Han Q. Study on the preparation of molecular imprinted polymer for analysis of N-phenylglycine in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1182:122918. [PMID: 34537499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
N-phenylglycine (NPG) in human urine could be an important biomarker for predicting cancers, but its detection has difficulty due to its low abundance in urine. Herein, we report a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) method to efficiently recognize NPG in urine. The MIP was prepared by precipitation polymerization, adopting NPG as the template, acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer, trimethylpropane triacrylate (TRIM) as crosslinking agent, and acetonitrile as porogen. The specificity and selectivity of MIP towards NPG in human urine were determined by comparing MIP's adsorption to the NPG and N-crotonylglycine (NTG) under the same conditions. The result β = QMIP-NPG/QMIP-NTG = 4.7 indicated the satisfactory specificity and selectivity. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were further optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range, limit of detection, and limit of quantification of NPG were 0.5-100 mg∙L-1, 1.6 × 10-2 mg∙L-1, and 5.5 × 10-2 mg∙L-1, respectively. Recoveries of NPG in human urine were in the range of 84.7-100.0% with RSDS of 3.8-10.8%. The developed method demonstrated superior selectivity to the target analyte, which can be applied to separate and enrich the NPG from urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianyu Liang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuejin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Quanbin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Flores‐Guerrero JL, Post A, van Dijk PR, Connelly MA, Garcia E, Navis G, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with all-cause mortality in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2021; 41:2371-2382. [PMID: 33993608 PMCID: PMC8518486 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-liver metabolite, has been associated with cardiometabolic disease. However, whether TMAO is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD-related health outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of TMAO with NAFLD and to assess the extent to which the association of TMAO with all-cause mortality is dependent on the presence of NAFLD in the general population. METHODS We included 5292 participants enrolled in the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort study. Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were performed to study the association of TMAO with all-cause mortality in subjects with and without a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60, which was used as a proxy of NAFLD. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 307 subjects died, of whom 133 were classified with NAFLD. TMAO was positively and independently associated with baseline FLI (Std β 0.08, 95% CI 0.05, 0.11, P < .001). Higher TMAO was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in subjects with NAFLD, in crude analysis (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD, 2.55, 95% CI 1.60, 4.05, P < .001) and after full adjustment (adj HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.18, 3.04, P = .008). Such an association was not present in subjects without NAFLD (crude HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.81, 1.71, P = .39; adj HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.65, 1.39, P = .78). CONCLUSION This prospective study revealed that plasma concentrations of TMAO were associated with all-cause mortality in subjects with NAFLD, independently of traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Flores‐Guerrero
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of NephrologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Adrian Post
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of NephrologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter R. van Dijk
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of EndocrinologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp)MorrisvilleNCUSA
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of NephrologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of NephrologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of EndocrinologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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The Association between Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Caucasian Women Stratified According to Glycemic Status. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103307. [PMID: 34684308 PMCID: PMC8538048 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the glycemic status-stratified relationships between total serum branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged Caucasian women. The study included 349 women divided into 2 subgroups: a normoglycemic group (NG, n = 184) and a dysglycemic group (DG, n = 165). Blood samples, anthropometric parameters, and blood pressure were measured. HOMA-IR, albumin-corrected calcium (CCa), and fatty liver index (FLI) were calculated. BCAA concentrations were higher in the women with dysglycemia. BCAAs moderately correlated with BMI and FLI in the NG group and with BMI, FLI, total calcium (TCa), CCa, HbA1c, TG/HDL-C, and HDL-C in the DG group. After adjusting for age and BMI, correlations for TCa, CCa, HbA1c, HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C remained significant. The coexistence of increased BCAAs with dysglycemic status was associated with markedly higher concentrations of TCa, CCa, HbA1c, and TG, which were not observed in the DG women with low level of BCAAs. Multiple regression showed that TCa or CCa, age and BCAAs were significantly associated with HbA1c independently of BMI only in the DG group. We conclude that dysglycemia in particular predisposes women to a significant relationship between total BCAAs and circulating calcium and HbA1c, and that these relationships are independent of BMI and may reflect the pathophysiological calcium-dependent mechanisms connecting BCAAs with metabolic disturbances.
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Gottlieb A, Leven AS, Sowa JP, Borucki K, Link A, Yilmaz E, Aygen S, Canbay A, Porsch-Özcürümez M. Lipoprotein and Metabolic Profiles Indicate Similar Cardiovascular Risk of Liver Steatosis and NASH. Digestion 2021; 102:671-681. [PMID: 33080603 DOI: 10.1159/000510600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 25% of the global population, with no reliable noninvasive tests to diagnose nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and to differentiate between NASH and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) (steatosis alone). It is unclear if NAFL and NASH differ in cardiovascular risk for patients. Here, we compared obese NAFLD patients with a healthy cohort to test whether cholesterol compounds could represent potential noninvasive markers and to estimate associated risks. METHOD Serum samples of 46 patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD (17 NAFL, 29 NASH) who underwent bariatric surgery were compared to 32 (9 males, 21 females) healthy controls (HCs). We analyzed epidemiological data, liver enzymes, cholesterol and lipid profile, and amino acids. The latter were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Total serum and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were significantly lower in the NAFLD group than in HCs, with a stronger reduction in NASH. Similar observations were made for sub-specification of HDL-p, HDL-s, SHDL-p, and LHDL-p cholesterols. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-s and LLDL-p cholesterol were significantly reduced in NAFLD groups. Interestingly, SLDL-p cholesterol was significantly higher in the NAFL group with a stronger elevation in NASH than in HCs. The amino acids alanine, leucin, and isoleucine were significantly higher in the NAFL and NASH groups than in HCs. CONCLUSION We show in this study that cholesterol profiles, apolipoproteins, and amino acids could function as a potential noninvasive test to screen for NAFLD or even NASH in larger populations. However, few differences in cholesterol profiles were identified between the NAFL and NASH groups, indicating similar cardiovascular risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gottlieb
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophia Leven
- Department for General- and Visceral Surgery, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,
| | - Mustafa Porsch-Özcürümez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Yoo T, Joo SK, Kim HJ, Kim HY, Sim H, Lee J, Kim HH, Jung S, Lee Y, Jamialahmadi O, Romeo S, Jeong WI, Hwang GS, Kang KW, Kim JW, Kim W, Choi M. Disease-specific eQTL screening reveals an anti-fibrotic effect of AGXT2 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2021; 75:514-523. [PMID: 33892010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses an increasing clinical burden. Genome-wide association studies have revealed a limited contribution of genomic variants to the disease, requiring alternative but robust approaches to identify disease-associated variants and genes. We carried out a disease-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) screen to identify novel genetic factors that specifically act on NAFLD progression on the basis of genotype. METHODS We recruited 125 Korean patients (83 with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 42 without NAFLD) and performed eQTL analyses using 21,272 transcripts and 3,234,941 genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms. We then selected eQTLs that were detected only in the NAFLD group, but not in the control group (i.e., NAFLD-eQTLs). An additional cohort of 162 Korean individuals with NAFLD was used for replication. The function of the selected eQTL toward NAFLD development was validated using HepG2, primary hepatocytes and NAFLD mouse models. RESULTS The NAFLD-specific eQTL screening yielded 242 loci. Among them, AGXT2, encoding alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, displayed decreased expression in patients with NAFLD homozygous for the non-reference allele of rs2291702, compared to no-NAFLD individuals with the same genotype (p = 4.79 × 10-6). This change was replicated in an additional 162 individuals, yielding a combined p value of 8.05 × 10-8 from a total of 245 patients with NAFLD and 42 controls. Knockdown of AGXT2 induced palmitate-overloaded hepatocyte death by increasing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and exacerbated NAFLD diet-induced liver fibrosis in mice, while overexpression of AGXT2 attenuated liver fibrosis and steatosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified a new molecular role for AGXT2 in NAFLD. Our overall approach will serve as an efficient tool for uncovering novel genetic factors that contribute to liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. LAY SUMMARY Elucidating causal genes for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been challenging due to limited tissue availability and the polygenic nature of the disease. Using liver and blood samples from 125 Korean individuals (83 with NAFLD and 42 without NAFLD), we devised a new analytic method to identify causal genes. Among the candidates, we found that AGXT2-rs2291702 protects against liver fibrosis in a genotype-dependent manner with the potential for therapeutic interventions. Our approach enables the discovery of causal genes that act on the basis of genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyeong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtai Sim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Salhgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Salhgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Cardiology Department, Sweden; Department of Medical and Clinical Science, Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ren H, Hu F, Wang D, Kang X, Feng X, Zhang L, Zhou B, Liu S, Yuan G. Sirtuin 2 Prevents Liver Steatosis and Metabolic Disorders by Deacetylation of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α. Hepatology 2021; 74:723-740. [PMID: 33636024 PMCID: PMC8453713 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), an NAD+ -dependent deacetylase, is involved in various cellular processes regulating metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory responses; however, its role in hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorders is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Integrating the published genomic data on NAFLD samples from humans and rodents available in the Gene Expression Omnibus, we found that SIRT2 was significantly down-regulated in livers from patients with advanced NAFLD and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice. This study further revealed that SIRT2 was markedly decreased in obese (ob/ob) mice and in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. Restoration of hepatic SIRT2 expression in ob/ob or HFD-fed mice largely alleviated insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and systematic inflammation, whereas SIRT2 liver-specific ablation exacerbated these metabolic dysfunctions in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Mechanistically, SIRT2 stabilized the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) protein by binding to and deacetylating HNF4α on lysine 458. Furthermore, HNF4α was sufficient to mediate SIRT2 function, and SIRT2-HNF4α interaction was required for SIRT2 function both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the present study provided evidence that SIRT2 functions as a crucial negative regulator in NAFLD and related metabolic disorders and that targeting the SIRT2-HNF4α pathway may be a promising strategy for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ren
- Department of EndocrinologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseaseHubeiP.R. China
| | - Fuqing Hu
- Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Kang
- Department of EndocrinologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- Department of EndocrinologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Department of EndocrinologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China
| | - Siyue Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of EndocrinologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP.R. China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseaseHubeiP.R. China
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Haam JH, Lee YK, Suh E, Choi SW, Chun H, Kim YS. Urine organic acids may be useful biomarkers for metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean adults. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1824-1831. [PMID: 34331849 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are defined clinically, those with MetS may have various derangements in metabolic pathways. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the traits of urine organic acid metabolites indicating the metabolic intermediates of the pathways in the subjects with MetS. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 246 men and 283 women in a hospital health check-up setting. Urine organic acid metabolites were assayed via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. A high level of each metabolite was defined as the fifth quintile of the distribution. RESULTS The subjects with MetS had high levels of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-ketoisocaproate, formiminoglutamate, and quinolinate (odds ratios from 1.915 to 2.809 in logistic models adjusted for age and sex). Among the metabolites, pyruvate, formiminoglutamate, and quinolinate were not independent of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Several metabolites were associated with one or more components of MetS and HOMA2-IR. CONCLUSIONS Urine organic acid metabolites in MetS are characterized in altered carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. MetS shared some traits in insulin resistance. These findings may promote the understanding of the pathophysiology of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Haam
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Hyejin Chun
- Department of Family medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Circulating branch chain amino acids and improvement in liver fat content in response to exercise interventions in NAFLD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13415. [PMID: 34183740 PMCID: PMC8238945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is likely to be associated with increased circulating branched-chain amino acids. We investigated the relationship between changes in branched-chain amino acids levels in the serum and improvement in liver fat content caused by exercise intervention in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The exploratory study included 208 central obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease individuals from an exercise intervention randomized clinical trial for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The participants were randomly assigned to control, moderate, and vigorous-moderate exercise groups for 12 months. Changes in total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine levels from baseline to 6 months were calculated. Liver fat content was determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Reductions in circulating levels of total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, and valine levels from baseline to 6 months were significantly associated with the improvement of liver fat content at 6 months and 12 months (p < 0.01 for all) after adjustments for age, sex, total energy intake, protein intake, intervention groups, HOMA-IR, BMI, liver fat content, total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, and valine at baseline, respectively. These associations were still significant after further adjustments for changes in HOMA-IR and BMI from baseline to 6 months (p < 0.05 for all). Our findings indicated that reductions in circulating branched-chain amino acids levels were associated with an improvement in liver fat content by exercise intervention among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which was independent of changes in BMI or HOMA-IR.
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The effect of physical activity level and exercise training on the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids and intrahepatic lipid content in participants with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1510-1520. [PMID: 33935282 PMCID: PMC8236400 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate whether the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) was affected by physical activity level. Furthermore, to investigate if a conventional exercise training program, a subcategory of physical activity, could lower plasma BCAA along with alterations in IHL content in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and people with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Methods To investigate the effect of physical activity on the association between plasma BCAA and IHL content, linear regression analyses were performed in 1983 individuals from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) stratified by physical activity frequency. Furthermore, the effect of a 12-week supervised combined aerobic resistance-exercise program on plasma BCAA, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp), and IHL (proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)) was investigated in seven patients with T2DM, seven individuals with NAFL and seven BMI-matched control participants (CON). Results We observed positive associations between plasma valine, isoleucine and leucine level, and IHL content (1.29 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.38), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.61), and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.64) times IHL, respectively, per standard deviation of plasma amino acid level). Similar associations were observed in less active versus more active individuals. Exercise training did not change plasma BCAA levels among groups, but reduced IHL content in NAFL (from 11.6 ± 3.0% pre-exercise to 8.1 ± 2.0% post exercise, p < 0.05) and CON (from 2.4 ± 0.6% pre-exercise to 1.6 ± 1.4% post exercise, p < 0.05), and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity in NAFL as well by ~23% (p < 0.05). Conclusions The association between plasma BCAA levels and IHL is not affected by physical activity level. Exercise training reduced IHL without affecting plasma BCAA levels in individuals with NAFL and CON. We conclude that exercise training-induced reduction in IHL content is not related to changes in plasma BCAA levels. Trial registration Trial registry number: NCT01317576.
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50
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Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Yu W, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Liu S, Xin Y, Lv K. Diagnostic accuracy assessment of molecular prediction model for the risk of NAFLD based on MRI-PDFF diagnosed Chinese Han population. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:88. [PMID: 33632126 PMCID: PMC7908643 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several molecular prediction models based on the clinical parameters had been constructed to predict and diagnosis the risk of NAFLD, but the accuracy of these molecular prediction models remains need to be verified based on the most accurate NAFLD diagnostic method. The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of three molecular prediction models Fatty liver index (FLI), NAFLD liver fat score system (NAFLD LFS), and Liver fat (%) in the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD in MRI-PDFF diagnosed Chinese Han population. Patients and methods MRI-PDFF was used to diagnose the hepatic steatosis of all the subjects. Information such as name, age, lifestyle, and major medical histories were collected and the clinical parameters were measured by the standard clinical laboratory techniques. The cut-off values of each model for the risk of NAFLD were calculated based on the MRI-PDFF results. All data were analyzed using the statistical analysis software SPSS 23.0. Results A total of 169 subjects were recruited with the matched sex and age. The ROC curves of FLI, NAFLD LFS, and Liver fat (%) models were plotted based on the results of MRI-PDFF. We founded that the accuracy of FLI, NAFLD LFS, and Liver fat (%) models for the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD were comparative available in Chinese Han population as well as the validity of them in other ethnics and regions. Conclusions The molecular prediction models FLI, NAFLD LFS, and Liver fat (%) were comparative available for the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD in Chinese Han population. MRI-PDFF could be used as the golden standard to develop the new molecular prediction models for the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yueli Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wanjiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongning Xin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Kuirong Lv
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China.
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