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Teixeira F, Silva AM, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Ramos OL, Ribeiro AB, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Rodrigues F. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from goji berries: Optimization, bioactivity, and intestinal permeability assessment. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114502. [PMID: 38823845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. berries have a remarkable chemical composition and extensive biological activities, being a valuable component of health and nutraceutical practices. Nevertheless, a deep insight on the intestinal permeation of the pro-healthy bioactive compounds is urgently needed to predict the real effects on human body. This study attempted, for the first time, to optimize the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of goji berries using a Response Surface Methodology approach and establish the intestinal permeation of the principal pro-healthy compounds. The optimal extraction conditions were a solid:liquid ratio of 8.75 % for 56.21 min, using an intensity of 59.05 W/m2. The optimal extract displayed a remarkable antioxidant capacity, with LC/DAD-ESI-MS analysis unveiled a diverse phytochemical profile, encompassing different compounds (e.g. glu-lycibarbarspermidine F, 2-glu-kukoamine, rutin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). The intestinal co-culture model demonstrated that glu-lycibarbarspermidine F (isomer 2) (73.70 %), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (52.66 %), and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (49.31 %) traversed the intestinal cell layer, exerting beneficial health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Oscar L Ramos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra B Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Gomez-Molina M, Albaladejo-Marico L, Yepes-Molina L, Nicolas-Espinosa J, Navarro-León E, Garcia-Ibañez P, Carvajal M. Exploring Phenolic Compounds in Crop By-Products for Cosmetic Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5884. [PMID: 38892070 PMCID: PMC11172794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds represent a group of secondary metabolites that serve essential functions in plants. Beyond their positive impact on plants, these phenolic metabolites, often referred to as polyphenols, possess a range of biological properties that can promote skin health. Scientific research indicates that topically using phenolics derived from plants can be advantageous, but their activity and stability highly depend on storage of the source material and the extraction method. These compounds have the ability to relieve symptoms and hinder the progression of different skin diseases. Because they come from natural sources and have minimal toxicity, phenolic compounds show potential in addressing the causes and effects of skin aging, skin diseases, and various types of skin damage, such as wounds and burns. Hence, this review provides extensive information on the particular crops from which by-product phenolic compounds can be sourced, also emphasizing the need to conduct research according to proper plant material storage practices and the choice of the best extracting method, along with an examination of their specific functions and the mechanisms by which they act to protect skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomez-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Lorena Albaladejo-Marico
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Lucia Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Eloy Navarro-León
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
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Colombo R, Moretto G, Pellicorio V, Papetti A. Globe Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) By-Products in Food Applications: Functional and Biological Properties. Foods 2024; 13:1427. [PMID: 38790727 PMCID: PMC11119529 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean area and Italy is one of the largest producers. A great issue is represented by its high amount of by-product, mainly consisting of external bracts and stems, but also of residual leaves, stalks, roots, and seeds. Artichoke by-products are rich in nutrients (carbohydrates and proteins) and bioactive compounds (polyphenols and terpenes) and represent potential ingredients for foodstuffs, functional foods, and food supplements, due to their functional and biological properties. In fact, artichoke by-products' components exhibit many beneficial effects, such as dyspeptic, prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiglycative, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, and hypolipidemic properties. Therefore, they can be considered potential food ingredients useful in reducing the risk of developing metabolic and age-related disorders. This work summarizes the economic and environmental impact of the recovery and valorization of artichoke by-products, focusing on rheological, physical, and biological properties of the different components present in each by-product and their different food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Giulia Moretto
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Vanessa Pellicorio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.P.)
- C.S.G.I., University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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4
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Laghezza Masci V, Alicandri E, Antonelli C, Paolacci AR, Marabottini R, Tomassi W, Scarascia Mugnozza G, Tiezzi A, Garzoli S, Vinciguerra V, Vettraino AM, Ovidi E, Ciaffi M. Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Landrace "Carciofo Ortano" as a Source of Bioactive Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:761. [PMID: 38592769 PMCID: PMC10976138 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The preservation of agricultural biodiversity and socioeconomic development are relevant both to enhance domestic production and to support innovation. In the search for new biomolecules, we have focused on the "Carciofo Ortano" landrace, growth in the northern part of the Lazio region. Artichoke cultivation generates substantial by-products, including leaves, stems, and roots, which could serve as valuable sources of biomolecules and prebiotic dietary fiber. To valorize the leaf waste of the "Carciofo Ortano" landrace, a multidisciplinary approach was applied. Chemical analysis using HPLC-DAD identified mono-O- and di-O-caffeoylquinic acids and the sesquiterpene cynaropicrin in all artichoke leaf extracts. SPME-GC/MS analyses detected aliphatic alcohols in the fresh leaf samples. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic studies on cancer (SH-SY5Y, MCF-7, MDA) and normal (MCF-10A) human cell lines revealed that leaf extracts induced a selective dose and time-dependent biological effect. While showing slight activity against environmental bacterial strains, artichoke leaf extracts exhibited significant antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata. Overall, the results highlight the potential of "Carciofo Ortano" cultivation by-products as a rich source of biomolecules with versatile applications in humans, animals, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Laghezza Masci
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Enrica Alicandri
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Chiara Antonelli
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Anna Rita Paolacci
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Rosita Marabottini
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - William Tomassi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Antonio Tiezzi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Vinciguerra
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Anna Maria Vettraino
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Elisa Ovidi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
| | - Mario Ciaffi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (E.A.); (C.A.); (A.R.P.); (R.M.); (W.T.); (G.S.M.); (A.T.); (V.V.); (A.M.V.); (E.O.)
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Khazaei R, Seidavi A, Bouyeh M, Ogbuagu NE, González DNT, Elghandour MMMY, Salem AZM. Effects of varying levels of Cynara scolymus powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiota, immune and haemato-biochemical parameters in female quails. Res Vet Sci 2024; 169:105162. [PMID: 38301341 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying levels of dietary Cynara scolymus (CS) powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiota, immune and haemato-biochemical parameters in female quails. A total of 120-day-old female quails used for the research were divided into 3 treatment groups: 0% CS, 0.75% CS and 1.50% CS having 4 replicates (n = 10). Blood samples collected were analyzed for differential leukocyte count, red blood cell count and its indices, uric acid, lipid profile, liver enzymes, calcium, phosphorous, creatinine, thyroid hormone, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and antibody titres. Quails were euthanized for evaluation of carcass and microbial bacteria and sensory characteristics of the breast and thigh meat. Supplementation of CS at 0.75% and 1.50% increased (P < 0.05) wing, drumstick, ileum, jejunum and spleen lengths, high-density lipoprotein, and decreased (P < 0.05) low-density lipoprotein: high-density lipoprotein ratio. Diets supplemented with 0.75% CS increased (P < 0.05) albumin while 1.50% decreased (P < 0.05) abdominal fat and increased (P < 0.05) corpuscular volume, red blood cell count, lactobacillus population, and color of thigh meat. Both CS levels (0.75% and 1.50%) may improve intestinal morphology, quality of meat, immunity, erythropoiesis, intestinal microbial population, and decrease bad cholesterol in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Khazaei
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ngozi Ejum Ogbuagu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Deli Nazmín Tirado González
- Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico el Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), Carr. Ags.-SLP km 18.5, El Llano, C.P. 20330 Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Feiden T, Valduga E, Zeni J, Steffens J. Bioactive Compounds from Artichoke and Application Potential. Food Technol Biotechnol 2023; 61:312-327. [PMID: 38022879 PMCID: PMC10666951 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.61.03.23.8038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus, known as the artichoke, originated in the Mediterranean region and is now cultivated in several countries. The artichoke has leaves, a stem, and a head, also called a floral capitulum, covered with green and pointed bracts. It is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, inulin, coumarins, terpenes, dietary fibre, enzymes, polysaccharides, minerals and vitamins, and therefore has a wide range of uses, including in the food industry, medicine and biofuels. Several studies have shown that artichokes have properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, hypocholesterolaemic, anti-HIV, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects. The aim of this study is to provide a literature review on the phytochemical composition, bioactivity and applications, focusing on the methods of extraction, purification and concentration of enzymes present in artichoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Feiden
- Food Engineering Department, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Eunice Valduga
- Food Engineering Department, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- Food Engineering Department, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Steffens
- Food Engineering Department, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, 99709-910 Erechim, RS, Brazil
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Melini V, Melini F, Comendador FJ. Response Surface Methodology as an Experimental Strategy for Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Artichoke Heads. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1360. [PMID: 37507900 PMCID: PMC10376278 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate quantification of phenolic compounds (PCs) in foods has become mandatory for a reliable estimation of PCs dietary intake. However, the extraction step of these molecules from the food matrix is a challenging and complex task. To manage the current lack of an official or generally accepted procedure for the recovery of phenolics, the application of statistical and mathematical tools, such as the response surface methodology (RSM), that allow the optimization of extraction parameters and the acquisition of the best output, has become the analytical approach of choice. The aim of this study was to apply an RSM-optimized ultrasound-assisted procedure to extract phenolic compounds from artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Hegi, cultivar "Campagnano") heads. The effect of extraction time, temperature, and solvent-to-sample ratio on the profile and content of phenolic acids and flavonoids was investigated. The total phenolic content was 488.13 ± 0.56 mg GAE 100 g-1 dry matter (dm) and total flavonoid content was 375.03 ± 1.49 mg CATeq 100 g-1 dm when the optimum extraction conditions were set. The HPLC analysis showed that caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (i.e., cynarin and 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid) were the main compounds in globe artichokes. Caffeic and p-coumaric acids were also identified. In regard to flavonoids, only the flavone luteolin-7-O-glucoside was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Roma, Italy
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Vacca M, Pinto D, Annunziato A, Ressa A, Calasso M, Pontonio E, Celano G, De Angelis M. Gluten-Free Bread Enriched with Artichoke Leaf Extract In Vitro Exerted Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040845. [PMID: 37107220 PMCID: PMC10135093 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high nutritional value and broad beneficial effects, the artichoke plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) is an excellent healthy food candidate. Additionally, the artichoke by-products are usually discarded even though they still contain a huge concentration of dietary fibers, phenolic acids, and other micronutrients. The present work aimed to characterize a laboratory-made gluten-free bread (B) using rice flour supplemented with a powdered extract from artichoke leaves (AEs). The AE, accounting for the 5% of titratable chlorogenic acid, was added to the experimental gluten-free bread. Accounting for different combinations, four different bread batches were prepared. To evaluate the differences, a gluten-free type-II sourdough (tII-SD) was added in two doughs (SB and SB-AE), while the related controls (YB and YB-AE) did not contain the tII-SD. Profiling the digested bread samples, SB showed the lowest glycemic index, while SB-AE showed the highest antioxidant properties. The digested samples were also fermented in fecal batches containing viable cells from fecal microbiota samples obtained from healthy donors. Based on plate counts, no clear tendencies emerged concerning the analyzed microbial patterns; by contrast, when profiling volatile organic compounds, significant differences were observed in SB-AE, exhibiting the highest scores of hydrocinnamic and cyclohexanecarboxylic acids. The fecal fermented supernatants were recovered and assayed for healthy properties on human keratinocyte cell lines against oxidative stress and for effectiveness in modulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. While the first assay emphasized the contribution of AE to protect against stressor agents, the latter enlightened how the combination of SB with AE decreased the cellular TNF-α and IL1-β expression. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that the combination of AE with sourdough biotechnology could be a promising tool to increase the nutritional and healthy features of gluten-free bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project-HMPA, Giuliani SpA, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Annunziato
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Arianna Ressa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Calasso
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Pontonio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Brahmi-Chendouh N, Piccolella S, Gravina C, Fiorentino M, Formato M, Kheyar N, Pacifico S. Ready-to-Use Nutraceutical Formulations from Edible and Waste Organs of Algerian Artichokes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243955. [PMID: 36553698 PMCID: PMC9777799 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible, plant-derived foodstuffs are recognized as precious sources of polyphenol compounds, whose consumption has proven to have multiple beneficial effects on human health. However, the awareness that cooking processes are able to induce quali-quantitatively changes in their native occurrence and that their bioavailability after food ingestion is poor led the research to move toward the preparation of nutraceutical supplements aimed at maximizing their content by effective extractive techniques and protecting them from degradation. The present work fits into this context, proposing a green, ready-to-use formulation of capitula, stems, and leaves of Algerian artichokes, in which natural deep eutectic solvents were exploited as extracting solvents but not removed at the end of the process. MTT test on the Caco-2 cell line highlighted that mitochondrial redox activity inhibition was absent below the 50 µg/mL tested dose. Simulated in vitro digestion was used as a predictive model for formulation bioaccessibility, where the joint approach with UHPLC-HRMS techniques allowed to define the release of each polyphenol from the investigated matrices. The capitula-based sample was the richest one in flavonoids, especially luteolin and apigenin glycosides, which survived in the intestinal digesta. On the contrary, simple phenols characterized the stem sample, whose release was mainly in the gastric chyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Brahmi-Chendouh
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biochemistry, Biophysics and Scientometry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Gravina
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marika Fiorentino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Naoual Kheyar
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Mediterranean Food Industry By-Products as a Novel Source of Phytochemicals with a Promising Role in Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248655. [PMID: 36557789 PMCID: PMC9784942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is recognized as a sustainable dietary approach with beneficial health effects. This is highly relevant, although the production of typical Mediterranean food, i.e., olive oil or wine, processed tomatoes and pomegranate products, generates significant amounts of waste. Ideally, this waste should be disposed in an appropriate, eco-friendly way. A number of scientific papers were published recently showing that these by-products can be exploited as a valuable source of biologically active components with health benefits, including anticancer effects. In this review, accordingly, we elaborate on such phytochemicals recovered from the food waste generated during the processing of vegetables and fruits, typical of the Mediterranean diet, with a focus on substances with anticancer activity. The molecular mechanisms of these phytochemicals, which might be included in supporting treatment and prevention of various types of cancer, are presented. The use of bioactive components from food waste may improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of the food processing industry in the Mediterranean region and can provide a new strategy to approach prevention of cancer.
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11
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Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122012. [PMID: 36556233 PMCID: PMC9781370 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventually, cell death such as NDs can be induced by nitrosamine-related compounds, leading to neurodegeneration. A limited number of studies have reported that exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), which is commonly found in processed/preserved foods, causes biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Artichoke leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a beneficial source of bioactive components such as hydroxycinnamic acids, cynarine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin). The aim of this study is to investigate the favorable effects of exogenous artichoke (Cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract supplementation in ameliorating DEN-induced deleterious effects in BALB/c mouse brains. (2) Methods: This study was designed to evaluate DEN (toxicity induction by 100 mg/kg) and artichoke (protective effects of 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg treatment) for 14 days. All groups underwent a locomotor activity test to evaluate motor activity. In brain tissue, oxidative stress indicators (TAC, TOS, and MDA), Klotho and PPARγ levels, and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Brain slices were also examined histopathologically. (3) Results: Artichoke effectively ameliorated DEN-induced toxicity with increasing artichoke dose. Impaired motor function and elevated oxidative stress markers (decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAC level) induced by DEN intoxication were markedly restored by high-dose artichoke treatment. Artichoke significantly improved the levels of Klotho and PPARγ, which are neuroprotective factors, in mouse brain tissue exposed to DEN. In addition, caspase-3 and Bax levels were reduced, whereas the Bcl-2 level was elevated with artichoke treatment. Furthermore, recovery was confirmed by histopathological analysis. (4) Conclusions: Artichoke exerted neuroprotective effects against DEN-induced brain toxicity by mitigating oxidant parameters and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully identify the favorable impact of artichoke supplementation on all aspects of DEN brain intoxication.
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12
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By-products of dates, cherries, plums and artichokes: A source of valuable bioactive compounds. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Neuroprotective Effect of Artichoke-Based Nanoformulation in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Amyloidogenic Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101202. [PMID: 36297313 PMCID: PMC9610800 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast socio-economic impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has prompted the search for new neuroprotective agents with good tolerability and safety profile. With its outstanding role as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, alongside its anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, the artichoke can be implemented in a multi-targeted approach in AD therapy. Moreover, artichoke agricultural wastes can represent according to the current United Nations Sustainable Development goals an opportunity to produce medicinally valuable phenolic-rich extracts. In this context, the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS phytochemical characterization of artichoke bracts extract revealed the presence of mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids and apigenin, luteolin, and kaempferol O-glycosides with remarkable total phenolics and flavonoids contents. A broad antioxidant spectrum was established in vitro. Artichoke-loaded, chitosan-coated, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared and characterized for their size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, release, and ex vivo permeation and showed suitable colloidal characteristics, a controlled release profile, and promising ex vivo permeation, indicating possibly better physicochemical and biopharmaceutical parameters than free artichoke extract. The anti-Alzheimer potential of the extract and prepared SLNs was assessed in vivo in streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer mice. A great improvement in cognitive functions and spatial memory recovery, in addition to a marked reduction of the inflammatory biomarker TNF-α, β-amyloid, and tau protein levels, were observed. Significant neuroprotective efficacy in dentate Gyrus sub-regions was achieved in mice treated with free artichoke extract and to a significantly higher extent with artichoke-loaded SLNs. The results clarify the strong potential of artichoke bracts extract as a botanical anti-AD drug and will contribute to altering the future medicinal outlook of artichoke bracts previously regarded as agro-industrial waste.
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A. Vaz A, Odriozola-Serrano I, Oms-Oliu G, Martín-Belloso O. Physicochemical Properties and Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds of Dietary Fibre Concentrates from Vegetable By-Products. Foods 2022; 11:2578. [PMID: 36076764 PMCID: PMC9455628 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The agro-food industry generates a large volume of by-products, whose revaluation is essential for the circular economy. From these by-products, dietary fibre concentrates (DFCs) can be obtained. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterise (a) the proximal composition by analysing soluble, insoluble and total Dietary Fibre (DF), (b) the physicochemical properties, and (c) the phenolic profile of artichoke, red pepper, carrot, and cucumber DFCs. In addition, the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was also evaluated after in vitro gastrointestinal and colonic digestions. The results showed that the DFCs had more than 30 g/100 g dw. The water holding and retention capacity of the DFCs ranges from 9.4 to 18.7 g of water/g. Artichoke DFC presented high concentration of phenolic compounds (8340.7 mg/kg) compared to the red pepper (304.4 mg/kg), carrot (217.4 mg/kg) and cucumber DFCs (195.7 mg/kg). During in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, soluble phenolic compounds were released from the food matrix, chlorogenic acid, the principal compound in artichoke and carrot DFCs, and hesperetin-7-rutinoside in red pepper cucumber DFCs. Total phenolic content decreased after in vitro colonic digestion hence the chemical transformation of the phenolic compounds by gut microbiota. Based on the results, DFCs could be good functional ingredients to develop DF-enriched food, reducing food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olga Martín-Belloso
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida—Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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15
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Carpentieri S, Augimeri G, Ceramella J, Vivacqua A, Sinicropi MS, Pataro G, Bonofiglio D, Ferrari G. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts from Pulsed Electric Field-Treated Artichoke By-Products in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human THP-1 Macrophages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152250. [PMID: 35954020 PMCID: PMC9368542 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, pulsed electric field (PEF—3 kV/cm; 5 kJ/kg) pretreatment was used to intensify the extractability of valuable intracellular compounds from artichoke by-products during a subsequent aqueous extraction (solid–liquid ratio = 1:10 g/mL, T = 20 °C; t = 120 min). Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) and HPLC–PDA analysis of the artichoke extract (AE) and the biological effects on human cell lines were determined. Chlorogenic acid was found to be the most abundant phenolic compound (53% of the TPC) in the AE. The extract showed good antioxidant properties in a concentration-dependent manner. The potential biological effects of AE were investigated using THP-1 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as an in vitro model system of oxidative stress. Reduced reactive oxygen species production upon treatment with AE was found. Moreover, AE was able to reduce the secretion of the pro-inflammatory mediators Interleukin-6 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in LPS-stimulated macrophages, as determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA assays. These results highlighted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the extracts from PEF-treated artichoke by-products, corroborating their potential application as a source of functional ingredients obtained through a feasible and sustainable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carpentieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.S.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Gianpiero Pataro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.S.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (G.F.); Tel.: +390-984496208 (D.B.); +390-89964134 (G.F.)
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.)
- ProdAl Scarl, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (G.F.); Tel.: +390-984496208 (D.B.); +390-89964134 (G.F.)
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16
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Food Industry Byproducts as Starting Material for Innovative, Green Feed Formulation: A Sustainable Alternative for Poultry Feeding. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154735. [PMID: 35897911 PMCID: PMC9332232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Rising global populations and enhanced standards of living in so-called developing countries have led to an increased demand of food, in particular meat, worldwide. While increasing the production of broiler meat could be a potential solution to this problem, broiler meat is plagued by health concerns, such as the development of antimicrobial resistance and lower meat quality. For this reason, the supplementation of poultry feed with vitamins and antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, has become an attractive prospect for research in this sector. Such supplements could be obtained by extraction of agricultural byproducts (in particular, grape pomaces and artichoke leaves and bracts), thus contributing to reductions in the total amount of waste biomass produced by the agricultural industry. In this review, the effects of poultry feed supplementation with bioactive extracts from grape pomace (skins and/or seeds), as well as extracts from artichoke leaves and bracts, were explored. Moreover, the various methods that have been employed to obtain extracts from these and other agricultural byproducts were listed and described, with a particular focus on novel, eco-friendly extraction methods (using, for example, innovative and biocompatible solvents like Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)) that could reduce the costs and energy consumption of these procedures, with similar or higher yields compared to standard methods.
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17
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Mandim F, Petropoulos SA, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira IC, Barros L. Chemical composition of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) petioles as affected by plant growth stage. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Chen Q, Yu M, Tian Z, Cui Y, Deng D, Rong T, Liu Z, Song M, Li Z, Ma X, Lu H. Exogenous Glutathione Protects IPEC-J2 Cells against Oxidative Stress through a Mitochondrial Mechanism. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082416. [PMID: 35458611 PMCID: PMC9028222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers oxidative stress in cells by oxidizing and modifying various cellular components, preventing them from performing their inherent functions, ultimately leading to apoptosis and autophagy. Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous intracellular peptide with multiple functions. In this study, a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage model in IPEC-J2 cells was used to investigate the cellular protection mechanism of exogenous GSH against oxidative stress. The results showed that GSH supplement improved the cell viability reduced by H2O2-induced oxidative damage model in IPEC-J2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, supplement with GSH also attenuated the H2O2-induced MMP loss, and effectively decreased the H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the content of mtDNA and upregulating the expression TFAM. Exogenous GSH treatment significantly decreased the ROS and MDA levels, improved SOD activity in H2O2-treated cells and reduced H2O2-induced early apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. This study showed that exogenous GSH can protect IPEC-J2 cells against apoptosis induced by oxidative stress through mitochondrial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ting Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Qingyuan Longfa Pig Breeding Co., Ltd., Yingde 511500, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Qingyuan Longfa Pig Breeding Co., Ltd., Yingde 511500, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (H.L.)
| | - Huijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestockand Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.Y.); (Z.T.); (Y.C.); (D.D.); (T.R.); (Z.L.); (M.S.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (H.L.)
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Speciale A, Muscarà C, Molonia MS, Toscano G, Cimino F, Saija A. In Vitro Protective Effects of a Standardized Extract From Cynara Cardunculus L. Leaves Against TNF-α-Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:809938. [PMID: 35222027 PMCID: PMC8874283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.809938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of progressive disorders characterized by recurrent chronic inflammation of the gut. New unconventional therapies based on plant derived compounds capable of preventing and/or reducing acute or chronic inflammation could represent a valid alternative for the treatment or prevention of IBDs. Cynara cardunculus L. leaves, considered a food-waste suitable as a rich source of bioactive polyphenols including luteolin and chlorogenic acid, has been reported for its positive effects in digestive tract. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of a standardized polyphenol-rich extract obtained from the leaves of Cynara cardunculus L (CCLE) against acute intestinal inflammation induced by TNF-α on intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. CCLE prevented TNF-α-induced NF-κB inflammatory pathway and the overexpression of IL-8 and COX-2. In addition, CCLE was able to improve basal intracellular antioxidant power in both TNF-α-unexposed or -exposed Caco-2 cells and this effect was associated to the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a master regulator of redox homeostasis affecting antioxidant and phase II detoxifying genes, stimulating an adaptive cellular response. In conclusion, our data clearly evidenced that, although considered a waste, Cynara cardunculus leaves may be used to obtain extracts rich in bioactive polyphenols potentially useful for prevention and treatment of inflammatory intestinal diseases.
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Cano-Lamadrid M, Artés-Hernández F. By-Products Revalorization with Non-Thermal Treatments to Enhance Phytochemical Compounds of Fruit and Vegetables Derived Products: A Review. Foods 2021; 11:59. [PMID: 35010186 PMCID: PMC8750753 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information about non-thermal technologies applied in fruit and vegetables (F&V) by-products to enhance their phytochemicals and to obtain pectin. Moreover, the potential use of such compounds for food supplementation will also be of particular interest as a relevant and sustainable strategy to increase functional properties. The thermal instability of bioactive compounds, which induces a reduction of the content, has led to research and development during recent decades of non-thermal innovative technologies to preserve such nutraceuticals. Therefore, ultrasounds, light stresses, enzyme assisted treatment, fermentation, electro-technologies and high pressure, among others, have been developed and improved. Scientific evidence of F&V by-products application in food, pharmacologic and cosmetic products, and packaging materials were also found. Among food applications, it could be mentioned as enriched minimally processed fruits, beverages and purees fortification, healthier and "clean label" bakery and confectionary products, intelligent food packaging, and edible coatings. Future investigations should be focused on the optimization of 'green' non-thermal and sustainable-technologies on the F&V by-products' key compounds for the full-utilization of raw material in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Food Quality and Safety Group, Department of Agrofood Technology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel, Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Artés-Hernández
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agronomical Engineering and Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, 30203 Murcia, Spain;
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21
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Recovery of Chlorogenic Acids from Agri-Food Wastes: Updates on Green Extraction Techniques. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154515. [PMID: 34361673 PMCID: PMC8347003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The agri-food sector produces a huge amount of agri-food wastes and by-products, with a consequent great impact on environmental, economic, social, and health aspects. The reuse and recycling of by-products represents a very important issue: for this reason, the development of innovative recovery and extraction methodologies must be mandatory. In this context of a circular economy, the study of green extraction techniques also becomes a priority in substitution of traditional extraction approaches. This review is focused on the recovery of chlorogenic acids from agri-food wastes, as these compounds have an important impact on human health, exhibiting several different and important healthy properties. Novel extraction methodologies, namely microwave and ultrasound-assisted extractions, supercritical fluid extraction, and pressurized-liquid extraction, are discussed here, in comparison with conventional techniques. The great potentialities of these new innovative green and sustainable approaches are pointed out. Further investigations and optimization are mandatory before their application in industrial processes.
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22
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Órbenes G, Rodríguez-Seoane P, Torres MD, Chamy R, Zúñiga ME, Domínguez H. Valorization of Artichoke Industrial By-Products Using Green Extraction Technologies: Formulation of Hydrogels in Combination with Paulownia Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:4386. [PMID: 34299659 PMCID: PMC8306175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The integral valorization of artichoke bracts generated during industrial canning of artichoke was assessed. The extraction of bioactive compounds was addressed with pressurized hot water under subcritical conditions. The performance of this stage on the extraction of phenolics with antioxidant properties and the saccharidic fraction using conventional and microwave heating was compared. The microwave assisted process was more efficient than the conventional one regarding extraction yields of total solubles, and glucose and fructose oligomers and phenolics, because lower operational temperatures and shorter times were needed. Degradation of fructose oligomers was observed at temperatures higher than 160 °C, whereas the maximal phenolic content occurred at 220 °C. Both the extracts and the residual solids, obtained at conditions leading to maximum phenolics yields, were evaluated for the production of starch-based hydrogels, supplemented with Paulownia leaves' aqueous extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Órbenes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2340950, Chile; (G.Ó.); (R.C.)
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, CREAS, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2340950, Chile;
| | - Paula Rodríguez-Seoane
- Departamento de Enxeñería Quimica, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.D.T.); (H.D.)
| | - María Dolores Torres
- Departamento de Enxeñería Quimica, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.D.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Rolando Chamy
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2340950, Chile; (G.Ó.); (R.C.)
| | - María Elvira Zúñiga
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, CREAS, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2340950, Chile;
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Departamento de Enxeñería Quimica, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.D.T.); (H.D.)
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23
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Mármol I, Quero J, Ibarz R, Ferreira-Santos P, Teixeira JA, Rocha CM, Pérez-Fernández M, García-Juiz S, Osada J, Martín-Belloso O, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Valorization of agro-food by-products and their potential therapeutic applications. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Zazzali I, Gabilondo J, Peixoto Mallmann L, Rodrigues E, Perullini M, Santagapita PR. Overall evaluation of artichoke leftovers: Agricultural measurement and bioactive properties assessed after green and low-cost extraction methods. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Ferreira-Santos P, Ibarz R, Fernandes JM, Pinheiro AC, Botelho C, Rocha CMR, Teixeira JA, Martín-Belloso O. Encapsulated Pine Bark Polyphenolic Extract during Gastrointestinal Digestion: Bioaccessibility, Bioactivity and Oxidative Stress Prevention. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020328. [PMID: 33557122 PMCID: PMC7913864 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic extracts from pine bark have reported different biological actions and promising beneficial effects on human health. However, its susceptibility to environmental stresses (temperature, storage, etc.) and physiological human conditions prequires the development of efficient protection mechanisms to allow effective delivering of functionality. The aim of this work was to encapsulate pine bark extract rich phenolic compounds by spray-drying using maltodextrin, and understand the influence of encapsulation on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds during gastrointestinal digestion. The optimized process conditions allowed good encapsulation efficiency of antioxidant phenolic compounds. The microencapsulation was effective in protecting those compounds during gastrointestinal conditions, controlling their delivery and enhancing its health benefits, decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species implicated in the process of oxidative stress associated with some pathologies. Finally, this encapsulation system was able to protect these extracts against acidic matrices, making the system suitable for the nutritional enrichment of fermented foods or fruit-based beverages, providing them antimicrobial protection, because the encapsulated extract was effective against Listeria innocua. Overall, the designed system allowed protecting and appropriately delivering the active compounds, and may find potential application as a natural preservative and/or antioxidant in food formulations or as bioactive ingredient with controlled delivery in pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (P.F.-S.); (J.-M.F.); (A.C.P.); (C.B.); (C.M.R.R.)
| | - Raquel Ibarz
- Agrotecnio Center, Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (R.I.); (O.M.-B.)
| | - Jean-Michel Fernandes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (P.F.-S.); (J.-M.F.); (A.C.P.); (C.B.); (C.M.R.R.)
| | - Ana Cristina Pinheiro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (P.F.-S.); (J.-M.F.); (A.C.P.); (C.B.); (C.M.R.R.)
| | - Cláudia Botelho
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (P.F.-S.); (J.-M.F.); (A.C.P.); (C.B.); (C.M.R.R.)
| | - Cristina M. R. Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (P.F.-S.); (J.-M.F.); (A.C.P.); (C.B.); (C.M.R.R.)
| | - José António Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (P.F.-S.); (J.-M.F.); (A.C.P.); (C.B.); (C.M.R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253604406
| | - Olga Martín-Belloso
- Agrotecnio Center, Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (R.I.); (O.M.-B.)
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26
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Zayed A, Farag MA. Valorization, extraction optimization and technology advancements of artichoke biowastes: Food and non-food applications. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) bracts and receptacles ethanolic extract. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Dilucia F, Lacivita V, Conte A, Del Nobile MA. Sustainable Use of Fruit and Vegetable By-Products to Enhance Food Packaging Performance. Foods 2020; 9:E857. [PMID: 32630106 PMCID: PMC7404480 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable by-products are the most abundant food waste. Industrial processes such as oil, juice, wine or sugar production greatly contribute to this amount. These kinds of residues are generally thrown away in form of leftover and used as feed or composted, but they are a great source of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, vitamins or minerals. The amount of residue with potential utilization after processing has been estimated in millions of tons every year. For this reason, many researchers all around the world are making great efforts to valorize and reuse these valuable resources. Of greatest importance is the by-product potential to enhance the properties of packaging intended for food applications. Therefore, this overview collects the most recent researches dealing with fruit and vegetable by-products used to enhance physical, mechanical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of packaging systems. Recent advances on synthetic or bio-based films enriched with by-product components are extensively reviewed, with an emphasis on the role that by-product extracts can play in food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amalia Conte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia, Italy; (F.D.); (V.L.); (M.A.D.N.)
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29
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Cynara cardunculus L.: Outgoing and potential trends of phytochemical, industrial, nutritive and medicinal merits. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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30
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Panzella L, Moccia F, Nasti R, Marzorati S, Verotta L, Napolitano A. Bioactive Phenolic Compounds From Agri-Food Wastes: An Update on Green and Sustainable Extraction Methodologies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:60. [PMID: 32457916 PMCID: PMC7221145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are broadly represented in plant kingdom, and their occurrence in easily accessible low-cost sources like wastes from agri-food processing have led in the last decade to an increase of interest in their recovery and further exploitation. Indeed, most of these compounds are endowed with beneficial properties to human health (e.g., in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases), that may be largely ascribed to their potent antioxidant and scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species generated in settings of oxidative stress and responsible for the onset of several inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Apart from their use as food supplements or as additives in functional foods, natural phenolic compounds have become increasingly attractive also from a technological point of view, due to their possible exploitation in materials science. Several extraction methodologies have been reported for the recovery of phenolic compounds from agri-food wastes mostly based on the use of organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or acetone. However, there is an increasing need for green and sustainable approaches leading to phenolic-rich extracts with low environmental impact. This review addresses the most promising and innovative methodologies for the recovery of functional phenolic compounds from waste materials that have appeared in the recent literature. In particular, extraction procedures based on the use of green technologies (supercritical fluid, microwaves, ultrasounds) as well as of green solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nasti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Nouri Z, Fakhri S, El-Senduny FF, Sanadgol N, Abd-ElGhani GE, Farzaei MH, Chen JT. On the Neuroprotective Effects of Naringenin: Pharmacological Targets, Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspective. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E690. [PMID: 31684142 PMCID: PMC6920995 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a group of progressive, chronic, and disabling disorders, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and are on the rise. NDs are known as the gradual loss of neurons; however, their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been precisely revealed. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind the neurodegeneration, investigating effective and multi-target treatments has remained a clinical challenge. Besides, appropriate neuroprotective agents are still lacking, which raises the need for new therapeutic agents. In recent years, several reports have introduced naturally-derived compounds as promising alternative treatments for NDs. Among natural entities, flavonoids are multi-target alternatives affecting different pathogenesis mechanisms in neurodegeneration. Naringenin is a natural flavonoid possessing neuroprotective activities. Increasing evidence has attained special attention on the variety of therapeutic targets along with complex signaling pathways for naringenin, which suggest its possible therapeutic applications in several NDs. Here, in this review, the neuroprotective effects of naringenin, as well as its related pharmacological targets, signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and clinical perspective, are described. Moreover, the need to develop novel naringenin delivery systems is also discussed to solve its widespread pharmacokinetic limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student's Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran.
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Fardous F El-Senduny
- Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 7383198616, Iran.
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Ghada E Abd-ElGhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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