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Kerdiles O, Oye Mintsa Mi-Mba MF, Coulombe K, Tremblay C, Émond V, Saint-Pierre M, Rouxel C, Berthiaume L, Julien P, Cicchetti F, Calon F. Additive neurorestorative effects of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid intake in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:574-586. [PMID: 38819068 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00033/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease after diagnosis. Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, and exercise in Parkinson's disease, we investigated whether both could synergistically interact to induce recovery of the dopaminergic pathway. First, mice received a unilateral stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum to establish an animal model of nigrostriatal denervation. Four weeks after lesion, animals were fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched or a control diet for the next 8 weeks. During this period, the animals had access to a running wheel, which they could use or not. Docosahexaenoic acid treatment, voluntary exercise, or the combination of both had no effect on (i) distance traveled in the open field test, (ii) the percentage of contraversive rotations in the apomorphine-induction test or (iii) the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta. However, the docosahexaenoic acid diet increased the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive terminals and induced a rise in dopamine concentrations in the lesioned striatum. Compared to docosahexaenoic acid treatment or exercise alone, the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and exercise (i) improved forelimb balance in the stepping test, (ii) decreased the striatal DOPAC/dopamine ratio and (iii) led to increased dopamine transporter levels in the lesioned striatum. The present results suggest that the combination of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically in the striatum of mice with a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic system and provide support for clinical trials combining nutrition and physical exercise in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Kerdiles
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Optinutribrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro, France; INAF, Canada), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Méryl-Farelle Oye Mintsa Mi-Mba
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Optinutribrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro, France; INAF, Canada), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Optinutribrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro, France; INAF, Canada), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Émond
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Optinutribrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro, France; INAF, Canada), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Saint-Pierre
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Clémence Rouxel
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Line Berthiaume
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Optinutribrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro, France; INAF, Canada), Quebec, QC, Canada
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Hu J, Wang Y, Ji X, Zhang Y, Li K, Huang F. Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:827-841. [PMID: 38765795 PMCID: PMC11102744 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s455736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on a range of non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in chronic diseases, including exercise, dietary supplements, traditional Chinese exercise, intestinal microecology, and rehabilitation therapies for individuals with limited limb movement. By analyzing multiple studies, the article aims to summarize the available evidence to manage sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. The results strongly emphasize the role of resistance training in addressing chronic diseases and secondary sarcopenia. Maintaining the appropriate frequency and intensity of resistance training can help prevent muscle atrophy and effectively reduce inflammation. Although aerobic exercise has limited ability to improve skeletal muscle mass, it does have some positive effects on physical function. Building upon this, the article explores the potential benefits of combined training approaches, highlighting their helpfulness for overall quality of life. Additionally, the article also highlights the importance of dietary supplements in combating muscle atrophy in chronic diseases. It focuses on the importance of protein intake, supplements rich in essential amino acids and omega-3, as well as sufficient vitamin D to prevent muscle atrophy. Combining exercise with dietary supplements appears to be an effective strategy for preventing sarcopenia, although the optimal dosage and type of supplement remain unclear. Furthermore, the article explores the potential benefits of intestinal microecology in sarcopenia. Probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial products are suggested as new treatment options for sarcopenia. Additionally, emerging therapies such as whole body vibration training, blood flow restriction, and electrical stimulation show promise in treating sarcopenia with limited limb movement. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic and integrated approach that incorporates exercise, nutrition, and multidisciplinary interventions, which have the potential to promote health in the elderly population. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials and utilize wearable devices, smartphone applications, and other advanced surveillance methods to investigate the most effective intervention strategies for sarcopenia associated with different chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yan Z, Xu Y, Li K, Zhang W, Liu L. The relationship between dietary intake of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and frailty risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study from NHANES. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1377910. [PMID: 38784137 PMCID: PMC11111862 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1377910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by a decline in the functioning of multiple body systems and reduced adaptability to external stressors. Dietary ω-3 fatty acids are considered beneficial dietary nutrients for preventing frailty due to their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. However, previous research has yielded conflicting results, and the association between ω-6 fatty acids, the ω-6: ω-3 ratio, and frailty remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between these factors using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Materials and methods Specialized weighted complex survey design analysis software was employed to analyze data from the 2005-2014 NHANES, which included 12,315 participants. Multivariate logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to assess the relationship between omega intake and frailty risk in all participants. Additionally, a nomogram model for predicting frailty risk was developed based on risk factors. The reliability of the clinical model was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results In dietary ω-3 intake, compared to the T1 group (≤1.175 g/d), the T3 group's intake level (>2.050 g/d) was associated with approximately 17% reduction in frailty risk in model 3, after rigorous covariate adjustments (odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.70, 0.99)). In dietary ω-6 intake, the T2 group's intake level (>11.423, ≤19.160 g/d) was associated with a 14% reduction in frailty risk compared to the T1 group (≤11.423 g/d) (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00, p = 0.044). RCS results indicated a non-linear association between ω-3 and ω-6 intake and frailty risk. Both ROC and DCA curves demonstrated the stability of the constructed model and the effectiveness of an omega-rich diet in reducing frailty risk. However, we did not find a significant association between the ω-6: ω-3 ratio and frailty. Conclusion This study provides support for the notion that a high intake of ω-3 and a moderate intake of ω-6 may contribute to reducing frailty risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Yan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Keke Li
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Liangji Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Chou SH, Cook NR, Kotler G, Kim E, Copeland T, Lee IM, Cawthon PM, Buring JE, Manson JE, LeBoff MS. Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D3, Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Physical Performance Measures in VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae150. [PMID: 38488491 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Declining muscle strength and performance in older adults are associated with falls, fractures, and premature death. OBJECTIVE To determine whether supplementation with vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acids vs. placebo for 2 years improves physical performance measures. DESIGN VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of supplemental vitamin D3 and/or omega-3 fatty acids vs. placebo in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease in 25,871 U.S. adults. This ancillary study was completed in a New England sub-cohort that had in-person evaluations at baseline and 2-year follow-up. SETTING Center for Clinical Investigations in Boston. PARTICIPANTS 1,054 participants (men ≥50 and women ≥55 years). INTERVENTIONS 2x2 factorial design of supplemental vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, 2000 IU/day) and/or marine omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/day). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 2-year changes in physical performance measures of grip strength, walking speed, standing balance, repeated chair stands, and Timed-up and Go (TUG). RESULTS At 2 years, all randomized groups showed worsening walking speeds and TUG. There were no differences in changes in grip strength, walking speeds, Short Physical Performance Battery (composite of walking speed, balance, and chair stands), and TUG between the vitamin D3-treated and the placebo-treated groups and between the omega-3-treated and the placebo-treated groups. Effects overall did not vary by sex, age, body mass index, or baseline measures of total or free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) or plasma n-3 index; TUG slightly worsened with vitamin D supplementation, compared to placebo, in participants with baseline total 25(OH)D levels above the median (p=0.01, p for interaction=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Neither supplemental vitamin D3 nor marine omega-3 fatty acids for 2 years improved physical performance in this generally healthy adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Gregory Kotler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - I-Min Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Julie E Buring
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Pan D, Yang L, Yang X, Xu D, Wang S, Gao H, Liu H, Xia H, Yang C, Lu Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Sun G. Potential nutritional strategies to prevent and reverse sarcopenia in aging process: Role of fish oil-derived ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, wheat oligopeptide and their combined intervention. J Adv Res 2024; 57:77-91. [PMID: 37061218 PMCID: PMC10918331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutritional support is potentially considered an essential step to prevent muscle loss and enhance physical function in older adults. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the role of potential nutritional strategies, i.e., fish oil-derived ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), wheat oligopeptide and their combined intervention, in preventing and reversing sarcopenia in aging process. METHODS One hundred 25-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 groups, and 10 newly purchased 6-month-old rats were included in young control group (n = 10). Fish oil (200, 400 or 800 mg/kg body weight), wheat oligopeptide (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight), fish oil + wheat oligopeptide (800 + 100, 400 + 200 or 200 + 400 mg/kg body weight) or the equal volume of solvent were administered daily by gavage for 10 weeks. The effects of these interventions on natural aging rats were evaluated. RESULTS All intervention groups had a significant increase in muscle mass and grip strength and reduction in perirenal fat weight when compared to the aged control group (P < 0.05). The results of biochemical parameters, magnetic resonance imaging, proteomics and western blot suggested that the combination of wheat oligopeptide and fish oil-derived ω-3 PUFA, especially group WFM 2 (400 + 200 mg/kg body weight fish oil + wheat oligopeptide), was found to be more effective against aging-associated muscle loss than single intervention. Additionally, the interventions ameliorated fatty infiltration, muscle atrophy, and congestion in the intercellular matrix, and inflammatory cell infiltration in muscle tissue. The interventions also improved oxidative stress, anabolism, hormone levels, and inflammatory levels of skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS The combination of fish oil-derived ω-3 PUFA and wheat oligopeptide was found to be a promising nutritional support to prevent and reverse sarcopenia. The potential mechanism involved the promotion of protein synthesis and muscle regeneration, as well as the enhancement of muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, 712082 Xianyang, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, PR China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jihan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, PR China.
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De Sá CA, Saretto CB, Cardoso AM, Remor A, Breda CO, da Silva Corralo V. Effects of a physical exercise or motor activity protocol on cognitive function, lipid profile, and BDNF levels in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:499-509. [PMID: 37186275 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of a physical exercise program compared to the complexity of the motor task on the cognitive function, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and lipid profile of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twenty-seven participants were randomized into three intervention groups: Physical Exercise (PE), Motor Task (MT), and Physical Exercise associated with Motor Task (PE + MT). Six months of intervention twice a week resulted in improvements in cognitive function, total cholesterol (TC), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in the PE (p < 0.05). In the PE + MT, in addition to improved cognitive capacity, there was also a reduction in non-HDL cholesterol (NHDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p < 0.05), while in the MT, the values of TC, NHDL-C, and LDL-C decreased as a result of the intervention. BDNF levels were not affected by the interventions. In conclusion, PE alone or combined with MT is effective in promoting improvements in overall cognitive function and lipid profile in older adults with MCI; and BDNF seems not to be a sensitive marker for people with mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodoaldo Antônio De Sá
- School of Heath, Graduate Program in Health Science, Unochapecó University, 295-D, Servidão Anjo da Guarda Street, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil.
| | - Chrystianne Barros Saretto
- Department of Physiotherapy, Center of Life and Health Sciences, University of West Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Remor
- Department of Physiotherapy, Center of Life and Health Sciences, University of West Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Christian Ouriques Breda
- Department of Physiotherapy, Center of Life and Health Sciences, University of West Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa da Silva Corralo
- School of Heath, Graduate Program in Health Science, Unochapecó University, 295-D, Servidão Anjo da Guarda Street, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
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Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Li A, Yan L, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Su KP, Su H. Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:335-355. [PMID: 37914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represent major public health challenges but effective therapeutic options are limited. Pathological brain aging is associated with microvascular changes and impaired clearance systems. The application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 or omega-3 PUFAs) is one of the most promising nutritional interventions in neurodegenerative disorders from epidemiological data, clinical and pre-clinical studies. As essential components of neuronal membranes, n-3 PUFAs have shown neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as modulatory effects through microvascular pathophysiology, amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and glymphatic pathways. This review meticulously explores these underlying mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs against AD and dementia, synthesizing evidence from both animal and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Ziai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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Jin T, Wang M, Zeng Z, He W, Zhang L, Mai Y, Cen H. Causal associations of plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with sarcopenia-related traits: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:19-26. [PMID: 37653236 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the causal effect of plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on sarcopenia-related traits (lean mass, grip strength and walking pace) utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, we performed two-sample MR applying the inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method, supplemented with four additional sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, multivariable MR (MVMR) was applied to assess these associations independent of alcohol drinking, type 2 diabetes (T2D), triglycerides (TG), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS In univariable MR, the IVW analysis suggested no significant causal effect of genetically determined plasma omega-3 PUFAs on fat-free mass (right leg: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.05, P = 0.375; left leg: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.04, P = 0.446; right arm: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.05, P = 0.376; left arm: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.04, P = 0.384; trunk:β = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.06, P = 0.283; whole: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.04, P = 0.631), grip strength (right hand: β = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.01, P = 0.387; left hand: β = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.01, P = 0.553) and walking pace (β = 0.00, 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.02, P = 0.575), and sensitive analysis generated similar non-significant results. Furthermore, the MVMR revealed no independent causal association. CONCLUSIONS Genetically determined plasma omega-3 PUFAs have no causal effect on sarcopenia-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengqiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenming He
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yifeng Mai
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Han Cen
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Su M, Zhang X, Hu W, Yang Z, Chen D, Yang Y, Xie K, Chen Y, Zhang Z. The associations of erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids with skeletal muscle loss: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2328-2337. [PMID: 37862819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may play a vital role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass in the aged population. This study investigated the longitudinal relationship between the concentrations of erythrocyte membrane PUFAs and age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass over an average 6.5 years of follow-up in a Chinese middle-aged and older adult population. METHODS A total of 1494 participants aged 57.4 ± 4.7 years were included in this study. Skeletal muscle mass was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Per year percent changes in the skeletal muscle index (Δ% SMI), appendicular skeletal muscle index (Δ% ASMI), and total body lean mass index (Δ% TBLMI) from baseline were calculated. Concentrations of total and individual cis-n-3 and cis-n-6 PUFAs of the erythrocyte membrane were determined using gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS Fully adjusted linear regression models showed that per unit increases in the concentrations of C18:2 n-6, C20:4 n-6, C22:4 n-6, and total n-6 PUFAs resulted in increases of 0.022%-0.155 % in the Δ% SMI (P for linearity: <0.001-0.006). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between the concentrations of C20:2 n-6, C22:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, and total n-3 PUFAs and the Δ% SMI (P for non-linearity: <0.001-0.036). In addition, an inverted U-shaped curve was also detected for the relationships of the linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid ratio (P for non-linearity = 0.010) and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (P for non-linearity = 0.013) with the Δ% SMI, with the Δ% SMI peaking at respective ratios of 124.96 and 3.69. Similar associations were revealed by the Bayesian kernel machine regression model. No interaction effect was detected between the individual PUFAs for the Δ% SMI in the bivariate exposure-response analysis. Overall, similar results were observed for the Δ% ASMI and Δ% TBLMI. CONCLUSIONS The associations between different individual PUFAs and age-related muscle loss in middle-aged and older adults may be different. Our results suggest that high concentrations of erythrocyte membrane n-6 PUFAs may be correlated with less skeletal muscle mass loss, whereas extremely high concentrations of n-3 PUFAs may be correlated with more muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanrui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingdi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Robb C, Carr PR, Ball J, Owen A, Beilin LJ, Newman AB, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Orchard SG, Neumann JT, Tonkin AM, Wolfe R, McNeil JJ. Association of a healthy lifestyle with mortality in older people. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:646. [PMID: 37821846 PMCID: PMC10568769 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, high alcohol consumption, poor diet or low physical activity are associated with morbidity and mortality. Public health guidelines provide recommendations for adherence to these four factors, however, their relationship to the health of older people is less certain. METHODS The study involved 11,340 Australian participants (median age 7.39 [Interquartile Range (IQR) 71.7, 77.3]) from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly study, followed for a median of 6.8 years (IQR: 5.7, 7.9). We investigated whether a point-based lifestyle score based on adherence to guidelines for a healthy diet, physical activity, non-smoking and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted models, compared to those in the unfavourable lifestyle group, individuals in the moderate lifestyle group (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.73 [95% CI 0.61, 0.88]) and favourable lifestyle group (HR 0.68 [95% CI 0.56, 0.83]) had lower risk of all-cause mortality. A similar pattern was observed for cardiovascular related mortality and non-cancer/non-cardiovascular related mortality. There was no association of lifestyle with cancer-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of initially healthy older people, reported adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Adherence to all four lifestyle factors resulted in the strongest protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Robb
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Prudence R Carr
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Jocasta Ball
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Mark R Nelson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Suzanne G Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Johannes T Neumann
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew M Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - John J McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road , Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
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11
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Moon GK, Bu SY. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Adults: A Systematic Review. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:304-319. [PMID: 37969938 PMCID: PMC10641326 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.4.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have several health benefits. However, their effect on changes in skeletal muscle mass and strength has not been established, owing to differences in study designs. This systematic review aimed to investigate the recent evidence regarding the role of dietary EPA and DHA in muscle mass changes and their association with muscle strength. Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials and single-arm interventions that investigated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and body composition in adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 18,521 studies were retrieved from the databases and manual searches; 21 studies were quality assessed, and the findings were summarized. Studies were categorized into 3 main categories according to the type of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: pure compounds such as oil tablets, formulated forms with protein, leucine, and vitamin D, and ingredients added to enteral nutrition support products. Overall, the majority of the study results appeared to indicate that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for muscle health. However, meta-analysis was not conducted because of the heterogeneity of the study participants, evaluation method of muscle indices, and intervention periods among the studies. High-quality studies are required to validate our conclusions. However, this systematic review of the effects of EPA and DHA on skeletal muscle and body composition provides evidence that can be applied in both clinical and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Kyoung Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
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12
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Huang T, Liu C, Cui C, Zhang N, Cheung WH, Wong RMY. Potential of Fatty Acids in Treating Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3613. [PMID: 37630803 PMCID: PMC10459935 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of fatty acid supplementation in potentially preventing and treating sarcopenia. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords 'fatty acid' and 'sarcopenia'. Results: A total of 14 clinical and 11 pre-clinical (including cell and animal studies) studies were included. Of the 14 clinical studies, 12 used omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as supplements, 1 study used ALA and 1 study used CLA. Seven studies combined the use of fatty acid with resistant exercises. Fatty acids were found to have a positive effect in eight studies and they had no significant outcome in six studies. The seven studies that incorporated exercise found that fatty acids had a better impact on elderlies. Four animal studies used novel fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid, trans-fatty acid, and olive leaf extraction as interventions. Three animal and four cell experiment studies revealed the possible mechanisms of how fatty acids affect muscles by improving regenerative capacity, reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunctions, and attenuating cell death. Conclusion: Fatty acids have proven their value in improving sarcopenia in pre-clinical experiments. However, current clinical studies show controversial results for its role on muscle, and thus the mechanisms need to be studied further. In the future, more well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to assess the effectiveness of using fatty acids in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (T.H.); (C.L.); (C.C.); (N.Z.); (W.H.C.)
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13
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Therdyothin A, Phiphopthatsanee N, Isanejad M. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Sarcopenia: Mechanism of Action and Potential Efficacy. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:399. [PMID: 37504930 PMCID: PMC10381755 DOI: 10.3390/md21070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a progressive disease characterized by a decline in muscle strength, quality, and mass, affects aging population worldwide, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Besides resistance exercise, various nutritional strategies, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation, have been sought to prevent this condition. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on the effect and mechanism of n-3 PUFA on musculoskeletal health. Despite conflicting evidence, n-3 PUFA is suggested to benefit muscle mass and volume, with more evident effects with higher supplementation dose (>2 g/day). n-3 PUFA supplementation likely improves handgrip and quadriceps strength in the elderly. Improved muscle functions, measured by walking speed and time-up-to-go test, are also observed, especially with longer duration of supplementation (>6 months), although the changes are small and unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Lastly, n-3 PUFA supplementation may positively affect muscle protein synthesis response to anabolic stimuli, alleviating age-related anabolic resistance. Proposed mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA supplementation improves muscle health include 1. anti-inflammatory properties, 2. augmented expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, 3. decreased intracellular protein breakdown, 4. improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function, 5. enhanced amino acid transport, and 6. modulation of neuromuscular junction activity. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs likely improve musculoskeletal health related to sarcopenia, with suggestive effect on muscle mass, strength, physical performance, and muscle protein synthesis. However, the interpretation of the findings is limited by the small number of participants, heterogeneity of supplementation regimens, and different measuring protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiporn Therdyothin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing and Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing and Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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14
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Liu S, Zhang L, Li S. Advances in nutritional supplementation for sarcopenia management. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1189522. [PMID: 37492597 PMCID: PMC10365293 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in muscular mass, strength, and function with advancing age. The risk of falls, fragility, hospitalization, and death is considerably increased in the senior population due to sarcopenia. Although there is no conclusive evidence for drug treatment, resistance training has been unanimously recognized as a first-line treatment for managing sarcopenia, and numerous studies have also pointed to the combination of nutritional supplementation and resistance training as a more effective intervention to improve quality of life for people with sarcopenia. People with both malnutrition and sarcopenia have a higher mortality rate, so identifying people at risk of malnutrition and intervening early is extremely important to avoid sarcopenia and its associated problems. This article provides important information for dietary interventions in sarcopenia by summarizing the discoveries and developments of nutritional supplements such as protein, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, inorganic nitrate, probiotics, minerals, collagen peptides, and polyphenols in the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Taheri M, Chilibeck PD, Cornish SM. A Brief Narrative Review of the Underlying Mechanisms Whereby Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Influence Skeletal Muscle: From Cell Culture to Human Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:2926. [PMID: 37447252 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential for human locomotion as well as maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function (i.e., sarcopenia) is a result of pathophysiological processes that include inflammation, alteration of molecular signaling for muscle protein synthesis and degradation, changes in insulin sensitivity, as well as altered skeletal muscle satellite cell activity. Finding strategies to mitigate skeletal muscle loss with age is deemed paramount as the percentage of the population continues to shift towards having more older adults with sarcopenia. Recent research indicates omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can influence anabolic or catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. Our brief review will provide a synopsis of some underlying mechanisms that may be attributed to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation's effects on skeletal muscle. We will approach this review by focusing on cell culture, animal (pre-clinical models), and human studies evaluating omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, with suggestions for future research. In older adults, omega-3 fatty acids may possess some potential to modify pathophysiological pathways associated with sarcopenia; however, it is highly likely that omega-3 fatty acids need to be combined with other anabolic interventions to effectively ameliorate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taheri
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Stephen M Cornish
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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16
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Vignaud J, Loiseau C, Hérault J, Mayer C, Côme M, Martin I, Ulmann L. Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051050. [PMID: 37237915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for a healthy life. Their composition of carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them a promising new source of antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is a tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, and its regular functioning consumes energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria. Under conditions of traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the origin of oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation and muscle atrophy, with life-long consequences. In this review, we describe the potential antioxidant effects of microalgae and their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions and skeletal muscular oxidative stress during exercises or in musculoskeletal diseases, as in sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through the increase in and regulation of antioxidant pathways and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vignaud
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Isabelle Martin
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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de Marco Castro E, Kampschulte N, Murphy CH, Schebb NH, Roche HM. Oxylipin status, before and after LC n-3 PUFA supplementation, has little relationship with skeletal muscle biology in older adults at risk of sarcopenia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 189:102531. [PMID: 36645979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxylipins form endogenously via the oxygenation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA). Several oxylipins are highly bioactive molecules and are believed to be key mediators of LC PUFA metabolism in the body. However, little is known in relation to whether oxylipins mediate alterations in skeletal muscle mass and function. The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the oxylipin profile and skeletal muscle biology in healthy older adults at risk of sarcopenia and determine if this changes in response to LC n-3 PUFA supplementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This exploratory study investigated the baseline correlations between LC n-3, n-6 and n-9 PUFA-derived oxylipins and markers of muscle biology. For this, the concentration of 79 free (i.e., non-esterified) oxylipins was quantified in human plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and retrospectively correlated to phenotypic outcomes obtained pre-intervention from the NUTRIMAL study (n = 49). After examining the baseline relationship, the potential effect of supplementation (LC n-3 PUFA or an isoenergetic control made of high-oleic sunflower and corn oil) was evaluated by correlating the change in oxylipins concentration and the change in markers of skeletal muscle biology. The relationship between oxylipins pre- and post-intervention and their parent PUFA were also examined. RESULTS At baseline, the hydroxy product of mead acid (n-9 PUFA), 5-HETrE, was negatively correlated to the phenotypic parameters appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) (p = 0.003, r=-0.41), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) (p = 0.001, r=-0.46), handgrip strength (HGS) (p<0.001, r = 0.48) and isometric knee extension (p<0.001, r=-0.48). Likewise, LC n-6 PUFA hydroxy‑PUFA were negatively correlated to HGS (i.e., 12-HETrE, p = 0.002, r=-0.42, and 5- and 11-HETE, p = 0.006, r=-0.47 and p<0.001, r=-0.50 respectively), single leg stand time (i.e., 12-HETrE, p = 0.006, r=-0.39 and 16-HETE, p = 0.002, r=-0.43), and five-time-sit-to-stand test (FTST) performance (16-HETE, p = 0.006, r = 0.39), and positively correlated to gait speed (i.e., 12-HETrE, p = 0.007, r = 0.38 and 16-HETE, p = 0.006, r = 0.39). LC n-3 PUFA supplementation increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived oxylipins and reduced n-6 PUFA derived oxylipins. Parameters of skeletal muscle mass and strength were not significantly altered in either LC n-3 PUFA or placebo groups. Changes in plasma oxylipins concentrations were closely related to changes in their parent PUFA, assessed in the erythrocyte membrane, but were not associated with any changes in skeletal muscle parameters. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION At baseline, the status n-9 (5-HETrE) and n-6 PUFA derivates [12-HETrE, and 5-, 11- and 16-HETE], but not n-3 PUFA derived oxylipins, were associated with poor skeletal muscle health parameters (i.e., mass and strength). However, these correlations were no longer present when correlating relative changes from pre to post timepoints. An independent cohort validation is needed to explore baseline correlations further. Further research is warranted to assess other biological mechanisms by which LC n-3 PUFA might affect muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Marco Castro
- UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C H Murphy
- Agrifood Business and Spatial Analysis, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, 15, Ireland
| | - N H Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H M Roche
- UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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18
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Increased Intake of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Reduced Odds of Low Hand Grip Strength in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020321. [PMID: 36678195 PMCID: PMC9862364 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status is thought to be one of the modifiable risk factors for muscle health. This study investigates the association between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake and hand grip strength (HGS) in Korean adults. The cross-sectional analysis was performed on 18,278 participants aged ≥19 years enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016-2019. Omega-3 PUFA consumption was positively linked to the dietary intake of nuts, fish, and shellfish in Korean adults. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results showed that increased omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with a decreased risk of low HGS (odds ratio (OR) for upper quartile (Q4) compared to Q1, men: OR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.72), women: OR = 1.61 (1.37-1.89)). This inverse association was reported in people who did no resistance exercise or had an insufficient protein intake. In contrast, this association was not evident in adults who did resistance exercise or had sufficient protein intake. Furthermore, participants with hypertension or type 2 diabetes showed stronger associations between dietary omega-3 PUFA intake and HGS compared with other subgroups. These results suggest that dietary omega-3 PUFA intake positively related with HGS in Korean adults.
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19
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Xu D, Lu Y, Yang X, Pan D, Wang Y, Yin S, Wang S, Sun G. Effects of fish oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in older people: a secondary analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6931849. [PMID: 36571774 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the effects regarding n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on sarcopenia have been explored by several clinical trials. Nonetheless, the use of n-3 PUFA for improving body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in older people is conflicting. OBJECTIVES our aim was to perform a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the effects of 6-month n-3 PUFA supplementation on body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in older Chinese people. METHODS in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 200 eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive 4 g/day fish oil capsules (1.34 g eicosapentaenoic [EPA] + 1.07 docosahexaenoic [DHA]) or 4 g/day corn oil capsules (EPA + DHA <0.05 g) for 6 months. The primary outcomes were the changes of body composition, muscle strength (hand grip strength) and physical performance (Timed Up and Go time). Secondary outcomes were the changes in serum lipid profiles. RESULTS compared with control group, fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in significant increases in thigh circumference (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001), total skeletal muscle mass (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001); the differences were still significant even after height correction. Muscle strength and physical performance including hand grip strength (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) and Timed Up and Go time (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001) were also improved after a 6-month fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA intervention. In terms of serum lipid profiles, fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation could significantly reduce serum level of triglyceride (interaction time × group effect P = 0.012) and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P < 0.001); while no significant improvement was found in serum concentrations of total cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P = 0.413) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (interaction time × group effect P = 0.089). CONCLUSIONS our present trial demonstrated that a 6-month fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation could beneficially affect the body composition, muscle strength, physical performance and serum lipid profiles in older people, which could be into considerations when making strategies aiming to the primary prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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20
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Georgescu B, Boaru AM, Muntean L, Sima N, Struți DI, Păpuc TA, Georgescu C. Modulating the Fatty Acid Profiles of Hermetia illucens Larvae Fats by Dietary Enrichment with Different Oilseeds: A Sustainable Way for Future Use in Feed and Food. INSECTS 2022; 13:801. [PMID: 36135502 PMCID: PMC9505549 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Edible insects such as the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens L. represent a potential and sustainable source of nutrients for food and feed due to their valuable nutritional composition, which can be modulated through dietary enrichment. The high content of saturated fatty acid (FA) of Hermetia illucens larvae fats can be modulated through dietary enrichment as a result of adding vegetable oils in the rearing substrate. Therefore, the present research aims to highlight the effects of a 10% addition of vegetable oils from five dietary fat sources (linseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and hempseed oil) on the growth, development, reproductive performance, and the fat and fatty acids profile of H. illucens. Oil inclusion in the larval diet improved (p < 0.05) the weight of larvae, prepupae, pupae, and imago without influencing (p > 0.05) the egg clutch weight and the number of eggs in the clutch. In addition, the larvae fatty acid profile was different (p < 0.001) according to the oil type, because the unsaturated FAs (UFA) increased from 11.23 to 48.74% of FAME, as well as according to the larvae age, because the saturated FAs decreased from 85.86 to 49.56% of FAME. Linseed oil inclusion led to the improvement of the FA profile at 10 days age of larvae, followed by hempseed and rapeseed oil. These three dietary treatments recorded the highest concentrations in UFA (29.94−48.74% of FAME), especially in polyunsaturated FA (18.91−37.22% of FAME) from the omega-3 series (3.19−15.55% of FAME) and the appropriate n−6/n−3 ratio. As a result, the degree of the lipid polyunsaturation index increased (17.76−41.44) and the value of the atherogenic (3.22−1.22) and thrombogenic (1.43−0.48) indices decreased. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that enriching the larval diet with these oils rich in UFA can modulate the larvae FA profile, making them suitable sources of quality fats for feed and indirectly for food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Georgescu
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Mihaela Boaru
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leon Muntean
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicușor Sima
- Department of Technological Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dănuț Ioan Struți
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Andrei Păpuc
- Department of Technological Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Georgescu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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21
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Bae YJ, Cui XS, Shin SH. Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated with Low Grip Strength in Elderly Korean Females. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122374. [PMID: 35745106 PMCID: PMC9231389 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have anti-inflammatory properties and have recently been considered essential factors for maintaining muscle health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intakes and sarcopenia by assessing grip strength in elderly Koreans who are at risk of sarcopenia. This study was conducted on 5529 individuals (2449 males and 3080 females) aged ≥65 years from the raw data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015−2019. In this study, we analyzed the association between EPA and DHA intake, calculated from a 24-h recall method data, and grip strength, a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. The cut-off values for low grip strength were <26 kg for males and <18 kg for females, which were set for the Asian population. The results indicated that elderly females consuming EPA and DHA below the adequate intake (AI) had significantly lower grip strength (p < 0.0001) and, had a higher percentage contribution from carbohydrates, but a significantly lower percentage contribution from protein (p < 0.0001), compared to elderly females consuming EPA and DHA at or above the AI. In addition, after adjusting for confounding factors, the odds of low grip strength were 0.777 times lower among elderly females consuming EPA and DHA at or above the AI than those consuming EPA and DHA below the AI (95% confidence interval: 0.616−0.979, p = 0.0322). These results suggest that sufficient intake of EPA and DHA is pivotal to mitigate a reduction in grip strength and to improve the quality of nutrient intake among elderly females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Bae
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
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22
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Cornish SM, Cordingley DM, Shaw KA, Forbes SC, Leonhardt T, Bristol A, Candow DG, Chilibeck PD. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:2221. [PMID: 35684018 PMCID: PMC9182791 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y). The data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. All the study types involving ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (without disease) were included. The mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Sixteen studies (1660 females, 778 males) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation did not impact lean tissue mass (SMD 0.09 [-0.10, 0.28]). Benefits were observed for lower body strength (SMD 0.54 [0.33, 0.75]), timed-up-and-go (MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s), and 30-s sit-to-stand performance (MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26] repetitions) but not walking performance (SMD -0.01 [-0.10, 0.07]) or upper body strength (SMD 0.05 [-0.04, 0.13]). Supplementing with ω-3 fatty acids may improve the lower-body strength and functionality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Cornish
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Dean M. Cordingley
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, MB R3M 3E4, Canada
| | - Keely A. Shaw
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.), (T.L.), (A.B.)
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
| | - Taylor Leonhardt
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.), (T.L.), (A.B.)
| | - Ainsley Bristol
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.), (T.L.), (A.B.)
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
| | - Philip D. Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.), (T.L.), (A.B.)
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23
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Chen Y, Hamidu S, Yang X, Yan Y, Wang Q, Li L, Oduro PK, Li Y. Dietary Supplements and Natural Products: An Update on Their Clinical Effectiveness and Molecular Mechanisms of Action During Accelerated Biological Aging. Front Genet 2022; 13:880421. [PMID: 35571015 PMCID: PMC9096086 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated biological aging, which involves the gradual decline of organ or tissue functions and the distortion of physiological processes, underlies several human diseases. Away from the earlier free radical concept, telomere attrition, cellular senescence, proteostasis loss, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, and epigenetic and genomic alterations have emerged as biological hallmarks of aging. Moreover, nutrient-sensing metabolic pathways are critical to an organism’s ability to sense and respond to nutrient levels. Pharmaceutical, genetic, and nutritional interventions reverting physiological declines by targeting nutrient-sensing metabolic pathways can promote healthy aging and increase lifespan. On this basis, biological aging hallmarks and nutrient-sensing dependent and independent pathways represent evolving drug targets for many age-linked diseases. Here, we discuss and update the scientific community on contemporary advances in how dietary supplements and natural products beneficially revert accelerated biological aging processes to retrograde human aging and age-dependent human diseases, both from the clinical and preclinical studies point-of-view. Overall, our review suggests that dietary/natural products increase healthspan—rather than lifespan—effectively minimizing the period of frailty at the end of life. However, real-world setting clinical trials and basic studies on dietary supplements and natural products are further required to decisively demonstrate whether dietary/natural products could promote human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sherif Hamidu
- Clinical Pathology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Xintong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Clinical Pathology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Yuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an updated overview of recent efficacy data on the use of muscle-targeted nutritional therapy, which should consider the optimization of protein and essential amino acids intakes, possibly in combination with supplementation with vitamin D (correction of deficiency/insufficiency status) and v-3 fatty acids. RECENT FINDINGS Intervention studies conducted in the last years in different healthcare settings and heterogeneous patient populations support the use of muscle-targeted oral nutritional supplementation to improve muscle mass, function and physical performance in patients with sarcopenia. Higher efficacy is likely to be achieved in combination with individually tailored resistance exercise training programs and when nutritional therapy and the provision of specific nutrients result in an adequate protein-calorie balance. However, not only a reactive but also a pro-active application of this therapy could be proposed as evidence exists on the maintenance of or improvement in the same outcome variables in patients at risk of losing skeletal muscle mass. SUMMARY Based on available efficacy data, both a reactive and pro-active use of muscle-targeted nutritional therapy are promising and should be proposed. However, future research should be directed toward the management of patient populations characterized by substantial muscle wasting, as these have been frequently excluded from previous trials, perhaps to avoid confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlínico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlínico San Matteo, Pavia
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25
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Gray M, Madero EN, Gills JL, Paulson S, Jones MD, Campitelli A, Myers J, Bott NT, Glenn JM. Intervention for a Digital, Cognitive, Multi-Domain Alzheimer Risk Velocity Study: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e31841. [PMID: 35119374 PMCID: PMC8857690 DOI: 10.2196/31841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the United States, more than 6 million adults live with Alzheimer disease (AD) that affects 1 out of every 3 older adults. Although there is no cure for AD currently, lifestyle-based interventions aimed at slowing the rate of cognitive decline or delaying the onset of AD have shown promising results. However, most studies primarily focus on older adults (>55 years) and use in-person interventions. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a 2-year digital lifestyle intervention on AD risk among at-risk middle-aged and older adults (45-75 years) compared with a health education control. Methods The lifestyle intervention consists of a digitally delivered, personalized health coaching program that directly targets the modifiable risk factors for AD. The primary outcome measure is AD risk as determined by the Australian National University-Alzheimer Disease Risk Index; secondary outcome measures are functional fitness, blood biomarkers (inflammation, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides), and cognitive function (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and Neurotrack Cognitive Battery). Screening commenced in January 2021 and was completed in June 2021. Results Baseline characteristics indicate no difference between the intervention and control groups for AD risk (mean −1.68, SD 7.31; P=.90). Conclusions The intervention in the Digital, Cognitive, Multi-domain Alzheimer Risk Velocity is uniquely designed to reduce the risk of AD through a web-based health coaching experience that addresses the modifiable lifestyle-based risk factors. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04559789; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04559789 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/31841
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gray
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Erica N Madero
- Neurotrack Technologies, Inc, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Joshua L Gills
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sally Paulson
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Megan D Jones
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anthony Campitelli
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jennifer Myers
- Neurotrack Technologies, Inc, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas T Bott
- Neurotrack Technologies, Inc, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Neurotrack Technologies, Inc, Redwood City, CA, United States
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26
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Lu WH, Giudici KV, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, Mangin JF, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Associations Between Nutritional Deficits and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:771470. [PMID: 34859035 PMCID: PMC8632557 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.771470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether multiple nutritional deficiencies have a synergic effect on mobility loss remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate associations between multi-nutritional deficits and physical performance evolution among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: We included 386 participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) (75.6 ± 4.5 years) not receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation and who had available data on nutritional deficits. Baseline nutritional deficits were defined as plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml, plasma homocysteine >14 μmol/L, or erythrocyte omega-3 PUFA index ≤ 4.87% (lower quartile). The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and chair rise time were used to assess physical performance at baseline and after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. We explored if nutrition-physical performance associations varied according to the presence of low-grade inflammation (LGI) and brain imaging indicators. Results: Within-group comparisons showed that physical function (decreased SPPB and gait speed, increased chair rise time) worsened over time, particularly in participants with ≥2 nutritional deficits; however, no between-group differences were observed when individuals without deficit and those with either 1 or ≥2 deficits were compared. Our exploratory analysis on nutritional deficit-LGI interactions showed that, among people with ≥2 deficits, chair rise time was increased over time in participants with LGI (adjusted mean difference: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.03, 5.91; p = 0.017), compared with individuals with no LGI. Conclusions: Accumulated deficits on vitamin D, homocysteine, and omega-3 PUFA were not associated with physical performance evolution in older adults, but they determined declined chair rise performance in subjects with low-grade inflammation. Clinical Trial Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00672685], identifier [NCT00672685].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsuan Lu
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Kelly Virecoulon Giudici
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,Maintain Aging Research Team, CERPOP, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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27
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Bird JK, Troesch B, Warnke I, Calder PC. The effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle mass and function in sarcopenia: A scoping systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:73-86. [PMID: 34857251 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which reduces mobility and quality of life. Risk factors for sarcopenia include advanced age, physical inactivity, obesity, and chronic diseases such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis. Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs) might be associated with a reduction in risk of sarcopenia due to their anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the effects of omega-3 LC PUFAs on muscle mass, volume and function parameters. The National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE/PubMed database was searched on 9th October 2020 for randomized controlled trials that used omega-3 LC PUFAs as an intervention with muscle-related endpoints. A snowballing search to identify additional studies was completed on 23rd April 2021. The meta-analysis was conducted using meta-essentials worksheet 3. Bias was assessed using the Jadad scale. RESULTS 123 studies were identified with the systematic searches. Most studies were performed in disease populations, such as cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or in healthy individuals after a fatiguing exercise bout. The endpoints lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, mid-arm muscle circumference, handgrip strength, quadriceps maximal voluntary capacity (MVC), and 1-repetition maximum chest press were selected for meta-analysis based on the number of available studies; thus 66 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Using a random effects model and 2-tailed p-value, there was a significant relationship in favor of omega-3 LC PUFA supplementation for lean body mass (effect size 0.27, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.51), skeletal muscle mass (effect size 0.31, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.60) and quadriceps MVC (effect size 0.47, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.93). CONCLUSION The results indicate that there is a positive effect of omega-3 LC PUFA supplementation on overall body muscle mass and strength. Small study size and heterogeneity limit the applicability of these findings for sarcopenia prevention. Larger trials in populations at risk of sarcopenia would strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Bird
- Bird Scientific Writing, Wassenaar, 2242, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Troesch
- Nutrition Science and Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Ines Warnke
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
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Businaro R, Vauzour D, Sarris J, Münch G, Gyengesi E, Brogelli L, Zuzarte P. Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease and Depression. Front Nutr 2021; 8:669846. [PMID: 34055858 PMCID: PMC8160227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.669846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence is showing nutrition as a crucial factor in the high prevalence and incidence of neurodegenerative mental disorders. Preventive interventions on neuroinflammation seem to be able to interfere with neurodegeneration. Supplementation of essential nutrients, such as long-chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and mineral elements, may minimize inflammation, enhancing antioxidative defense, and lowering the risk and incidence of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. This manuscript reviews the current evidence on the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and mental disorders, and preventive strategies for food supplementation in these neuropsychiatric diseases. Dietary supplementation-based strategies have been demonstrated to be effective in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, while weaker results have been obtained in patients with advance neurodegenerative disease. Adjunctive supplementation has also been demonstrated to improve depression, this being of marked benefit considering the comorbidity between cognitive impairment/dementia and depression. Further research is needed to improve the prescriptive precision of supplementation in patients, and to better understand potential interactions with clinical and pharmacokinetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Vauzour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pedro Zuzarte
- Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Neuropsychiatry Research Department, GNR Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
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29
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Murphy CH, Flanagan EM, De Vito G, Susta D, Mitchelson KAJ, de Marco Castro E, Senden JMG, Goessens JPB, Mikłosz A, Chabowski A, Segurado R, Corish CA, McCarthy SN, Egan B, van Loon LJC, Roche HM. Does supplementation with leucine-enriched protein alone and in combination with fish-oil-derived n-3 PUFA affect muscle mass, strength, physical performance, and muscle protein synthesis in well-nourished older adults? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1411-1427. [PMID: 33871558 PMCID: PMC8168361 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-enriched protein (LEU-PRO) and long-chain (LC) n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs have each been proposed to improve muscle mass and function in older adults, whereas their combination may be more effective than either alone. OBJECTIVE The impact of LEU-PRO supplementation alone and combined with LC n-3 PUFAs on appendicular lean mass, strength, physical performance and myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) was investigated in older adults at risk of sarcopenia. METHODS This 24-wk, 3-arm parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 107 men and women aged ≥65 y with low muscle mass and/or strength. Twice daily, participants consumed a supplement containing either LEU-PRO (3 g leucine, 10 g protein; n = 38), LEU-PRO plus LC n-3 PUFAs (0.8 g EPA, 1.1 g DHA; LEU-PRO+n-3; n = 38), or an isoenergetic control (CON; n = 31). Appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength, leg strength, physical performance, and circulating metabolic and renal function markers were measured pre-, mid-, and postintervention. Integrated rates of MyoPS were assessed in a subcohort (n = 28). RESULTS Neither LEU-PRO nor LEU-PRO+n-3 supplementation affected appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength, knee extension strength, physical performance or MyoPS. However, isometric knee flexion peak torque (treatment effect: -7.1 Nm; 95% CI: -12.5, -1.8 Nm; P < 0.01) was lower postsupplementation in LEU-PRO+n-3 compared with CON. Serum triacylglycerol and total adiponectin concentrations were lower, and HOMA-IR was higher, in LEU-PRO+n-3 compared with CON postsupplementation (all P < 0.05). Estimated glomerular filtration rate was higher and cystatin c was lower in LEU-PRO and LEU-PRO+n-3 postsupplementation compared with CON (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not observe a beneficial effect of LEU-PRO supplementation alone or combined with LC n-3 PUFA supplementation on appendicular lean mass, strength, physical performance or MyoPS in older adults at risk of sarcopenia. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03429491.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoileann H Murphy
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ellen M Flanagan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Susta
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Normal Physiology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kathleen A J Mitchelson
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena de Marco Castro
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joan M G Senden
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joy P B Goessens
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,UCD Centre for Support and Training in Analysis and Research (CSTAR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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30
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Rondanelli M, Perna S, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Di Paolo E, Gasparri C. Effects of n-3 EPA and DHA supplementation on fat free mass and physical performance in elderly. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111476. [PMID: 33781784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most studied n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), and their intake seem to have a positive effect on skeletal muscle. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the effect of n-3 EPA and DHA supplementation on fat free mass, and on different indexes of physical performance in the elderly. Eligible studies included RCT studies that investigated EPA and DHA intervention. Random-effects models have been used in order to estimate pooled effect sizes, the mean differences, and 95 % CIs. Findings from 14 studies (n = 2220 participants) lasting from 6 to 144 weeks have been summarized in this article. The meta-analyzed mean differences for random effects showed that daily n-3 EPA + DHA supplementation (from 0.7 g to 3.36 g) decreases the time of Time Up and Go (TUG) test of -0.28 s (CI 95 %-0.43, -0.13;). No statistically significant effects on physical performance indicators, such as 4-meter Walking Test, Chair Rise Test and Handgrip Strength, have been found. The fat free mass follows an improvement trend of +0.30 kg (CI 95 % -0.39, 0.99) but not statistically significant. N-3 EPA + DHA supplementation could be a promising strategy in order to enhance muscle quality and prevent or treat frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain.
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | | | - Enrica Di Paolo
- General Geriatric Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita'', Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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Yamazaki H, Nishimura M, Uehara M, Kuribara-Souta A, Yamamoto M, Yoshikawa N, Morohashi KI, Tanaka H. Eicosapentaenoic acid changes muscle transcriptome and intervenes in aging-related fiber type transition in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E346-E358. [PMID: 33225720 PMCID: PMC8260374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00184.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related sarcopenia is associated with a variety of changes in skeletal muscle. These changes are interrelated with each other and associated with systemic metabolism, the details of which, however, are largely unknown. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a promising nutrient against sarcopenia and has multifaceted effects on systemic metabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that the aging process in skeletal muscle can be intervened by the administration of EPA. Seventy-five-week-old male mice were assigned to groups fed an EPA-deprived diet (EPA-) or an EPA-enriched diet with 1 wt% EPA (EPA+) for 12 wk. Twenty-four-week-old male mice fed with normal chow were also analyzed. At baseline, the grip strength of the aging mice was lower than that of the young mice. After 12 wk, EPA+ showed similar muscle mass but increased grip strength compared with EPA-. EPA+ displayed higher insulin sensitivity than EPA-. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis of myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) revealed fast-to-slow fiber type transition in aging muscle, which was partially inhibited by EPA. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis suggested that EPA supplementation exerts pathway-specific effects in skeletal muscle including the signatures of slow-to-fast fiber type transition. In conclusion, we revealed that aging skeletal muscle in male mice shows lower grip strength and fiber type changes, both of which can be inhibited by EPA supplementation irrespective of muscle mass alteration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that the early phenotype of skeletal muscle in aging male mice is characterized by muscle weakness with fast-to-slow fiber type transition, which could be ameliorated by feeding with EPA-enriched diet. EPA induced metabolic changes such as an increase in systemic insulin sensitivity and altered muscle transcriptome in the aging mice. These changes may be related to the fiber type transition and influence muscle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Nishimura
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Uehara
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuribara-Souta
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritada Yoshikawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Skrzypczak D, Ratajczak AE, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Dobrowolska A, Eder P, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. A Vicious Cycle of Osteosarcopeniain Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Aetiology, Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020293. [PMID: 33498571 PMCID: PMC7909530 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disorder characterized by a loss of muscle mass which leads to the reduction of muscle strength and a decrease in the quality and quantity of muscle. It was previously thought that sarcopenia was specific to ageing. However, sarcopenia may affect patients suffering from chronic diseases throughout their entire lives. A decreased mass of muscle and bone is common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since sarcopenia and osteoporosis are closely linked, they should be diagnosed as mutual consequences of IBD. Additionally, multidirectional treatment of sarcopenia and osteoporosis including nutrition, physical activity, and pharmacotherapy should include both disorders, referred to as osteosarcopenia.
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Huang YH, Chiu WC, Hsu YP, Lo YL, Wang YH. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength and Muscle Performance among the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123739. [PMID: 33291698 PMCID: PMC7761957 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing the role of fatty acids and their derived lipid intermediates in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass synthesis and function. However, the role of omega-3 fatty acids remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on sarcopenia-related performances among the elderly. Eligible literature and reports of randomized controlled trials were comprehensively searched from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases until July 2018. A total of 10 articles were available for the meta-analysis. There were minor benefits for muscle mass gain (0.33 kg; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62) and timed up and go performance (−0.30 s; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.17). Subgroup analyses regarding muscle mass and walk speed indicated that omega-3 fatty acid supplements at more than 2 g/day may contribute to muscle mass gain (0.67 kg; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.18) and improve walking speed, especially for those receiving more than 6 months of intervention (1.78 m/sec; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.17). Our findings provide some insight into the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on muscle mass, especially for those taking supplements at more than 2 g/day. We also observed that a long period of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may improve walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10065, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Emergency Department, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Li Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7361661 (ext. 3232)
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Troesch B, Eggersdorfer M, Laviano A, Rolland Y, Smith AD, Warnke I, Weimann A, Calder PC. Expert Opinion on Benefits of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA) in Aging and Clinical Nutrition. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2555. [PMID: 32846900 PMCID: PMC7551800 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing and so is the prevalence of age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Consequently, older people and patients present with multi-morbidities and more complex needs, putting significant pressure on healthcare systems. Effective nutrition interventions could be an important tool to address patient needs, improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Inflammation plays a central role in NCDs, so targeting it is relevant to disease prevention and treatment. The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are known to reduce inflammation and promote its resolution, suggesting a beneficial role in various therapeutic areas. An expert group reviewed the data on omega-3 LCPUFAs in specific patient populations and medical conditions. Evidence for benefits in cognitive health, age- and disease-related decline in muscle mass, cancer treatment, surgical patients and critical illness was identified. Use of DHA and EPA in some conditions is already included in some relevant guidelines. However, it is important to note that data on the effects of omega-3 LCPUFAs are still inconsistent in many areas (e.g., cognitive decline) due to a range of factors that vary amongst the trials performed to date; these factors include dose, timing and duration; baseline omega-3 LCPUFA status; and intake of other nutrients. Well-designed intervention studies are required to optimize the effects of DHA and EPA in specific patient populations and to develop more personalized strategies for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Troesch
- Nutrition Science and Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (B.T.); (I.W.)
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, INSERM 1027, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - A. David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Ines Warnke
- Nutrition Science and Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (B.T.); (I.W.)
| | - Arved Weimann
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, St. Georg gGmbH Clinic, 04129 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Nutrition and Sarcopenia-What Do We Know? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061755. [PMID: 32545408 PMCID: PMC7353446 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle health is important for the functionality and independence of older adults, and certain nutrients as well as dietary patterns have been shown to offer protective effects against declines in strength and function associated with aging. In this paper, micronutrients, macronutrients, and food groups have been reviewed, along with their studied effects on the prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia, as well as their ability to preserve muscle mass and optimize physical performance. Randomized controlled trials appear to suggest a critical role for dietary intake of protein in preventing sarcopenia and muscle loss, although the optimal dose and type of protein is unknown. There are some promising data regarding the role of vitamin D and sarcopenia, but it is unclear whether the dose, frequency of dose, or length of treatment impacts the efficacy of vitamin D on improving muscle mass or function. Selenium, magnesium, and omega 3 fatty acids have been studied as supplements in clinical trials and in the diet, and they appear to demonstrate a potential association with physical activity and muscle performance in older individuals. Following the Mediterranean diet and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables have been associated with improved physical performance and protection against muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and frailty.
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Bullain S, Doody R. What works and what does not work in Alzheimer's disease? From interventions on risk factors to anti-amyloid trials. J Neurochem 2020; 155:120-136. [PMID: 32277473 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no approved disease-modifying therapy (DMT). In this review, we summarize the various past approaches taken in an attempt to find treatments capable of altering the long-term course for individuals with AD, including: translating epidemiological observations into potential treatment options; seeking a single-treatment approach across the continuum of AD severity; utilizing biomarkers for assessing target engagement; using biomarkers as early surrogates of clinical efficacy; and enriching study populations to demonstrate adequate placebo decline during the limited duration of clinical trials. Although targeting the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathway has been central to the search for an effective DMT, to date, trials of anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies have failed to consistently demonstrate significant clinical efficacy. Key learnings from these anti-Aβ trials, as well as the trials that came before them, have shifted the focus within clinical development programs to identifying target populations thought most likely to benefit from treatments (i.e., individuals at an earlier stage of disease). Other learnings include strategies to increase the likelihood of showing measurable improvements within the clinical trial setting by better predicting decline in placebo participants, as well as developing measures to quantify the needed treatment exposure (e.g., higher doses). Given the complexity associated with AD pathology and progression, treatments targeting non-amyloid AD pathologies in combination with anti-amyloid therapies may offer an alternative for the successful development of DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachelle Doody
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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37
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Di Miceli M, Bosch-Bouju C, Layé S. PUFA and their derivatives in neurotransmission and synapses: a new hallmark of synaptopathies. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-16. [PMID: 32299516 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PUFA of the n-3 and n-6 families are present in high concentration in the brain where they are major components of cell membranes. The main forms found in the brain are DHA (22 :6, n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6). In the past century, several studies pinpointed that modifications of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels in the brain through dietary supply or genetic means are linked to the alterations of synaptic function. Yet, synaptopathies emerge as a common characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropsychiatric diseases and some neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of action underlying the activity of PUFA at the level of synapses is thus of high interest. In this frame, dietary supplementation in PUFA aiming at restoring or promoting the optimal function of synapses appears as a promising strategy to treat synaptopathies. This paper reviews the link between dietary PUFA, synapse formation and the role of PUFA and their metabolites in synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Di Miceli
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine Bosch-Bouju
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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S. Stavrinou P, Andreou E, Aphamis G, Pantzaris M, Ioannou M, S. Patrikios I, D. Giannaki C. The Effects of a 6-Month High Dose Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Functional Capacity in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2020; 12:E325. [PMID: 31991898 PMCID: PMC7071310 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a high-dose omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids supplementation, in combination with antioxidant vitamins, on cognitive function and functional capacity of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), over a 6-month period in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six older adults with MCI (age: 78.8 ± 7.3 years) were randomized 1:1 to receive either a 20 mL dose of a formula containing a mixture of omega-3 (810 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid and 4140 mg Docosahexaenoic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (1800 mg gamma-Linolenic acid and 3150 mg Linoleic acid) (1:1 w/w), with 0.6 mg vitamin A, vitamin E (22 mg) plus pure γ-tocopherol (760 mg), or 20mL placebo containing olive oil. Participants completed assessments of cognitive function, functional capacity, body composition and various aspects of quality of life at baseline and following three and six months of supplementation. Thirty-six participants completed the study (eighteen from each group). A significant interaction between supplementation and time was found on cognitive function (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination -Revised (ACE-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Stroop Color and Word Test (STROOP) color test; p < 0.001, p = 0.011 and p = 0.037, respectively), functional capacity (6-min walk test and sit-to-stand-60; p = 0.028 and p = 0.032, respectively), fatigue (p < 0.001), physical health (p = 0.007), and daily sleepiness (p = 0.007)-showing a favorable improvement for the participants receiving the supplement. The results indicate that this nutritional modality could be promising for reducing cognitive and functional decline in the elderly with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi S. Stavrinou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.A.)
- University of Nicosia Research Foundation, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Andreou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.A.)
| | - George Aphamis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Melina Ioannou
- Noesis Cognitive Center, Materia Group, Nicosia 2221, Cyprus;
| | | | - Christoforos D. Giannaki
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.A.)
- University of Nicosia Research Foundation, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
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Fourteau M, Virecoulon Giudici K, Rolland Y, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Associations Between Multidomain Lifestyle Interventions and Intrinsic Capacity Domains During Aging: A Narrative Review. JAR LIFE 2020; 9:16-25. [PMID: 36922921 PMCID: PMC10002877 DOI: 10.14283/jarlife.2020.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, the World Health Organization defined five domains of intrinsic capacity (IC), composed of physical and mental capacities linked to body functions, and that contribute to healthy aging: locomotion, cognition, psychological, vitality and sensorial. In the past decade, studies investigating the effects of concomitant lifestyle interventions (also called multidomain interventions) on one or several IC domains have been developed. The aim of this study is to synthetize the scientific literature about the associations between multidomain lifestyle interventions and IC domains. Methods We conducted a narrative review of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of multidomain lifestyle interventions on at least one IC domain among older people. Multidomain intervention was defined as the presence of at least two of the following lifestyle interventions: physical activity/exercise, nutrition, cognitive stimulation, and management of cardiovascular risk factors (eg, smoking, alcohol consumption). Results Multidomain interventions were associated with improvements on locomotion (as measured by performance-based tests of lower-limb function) and vitality (as measured by handgrip strength); benefits on cognitive function were also found, in particular among populations at increased risk of dementia and when operationalizing strong multidomain interventions (eg, using regular exercise training instead of physical activity advices). No study investigated the effects of multidomain lifestyle interventions on the sensorial domain (hearing and/or vision). The modalities composing the multidomain interventions and intervention length, as well as study population, substantially varied across studies; the most common combination of interventions was physical activity- and nutritional-related interventions. Conclusion Available evidence is still limited, but literature suggests a positive effect of multidomain lifestyle interventions on IC domains, in particular locomotion. Further studies are still needed on this topic, in particular, studies exploring the effects of multidomain lifestyle interventions on the sensorial domain, as well as on a composite measurement of all IC domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fourteau
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - K Virecoulon Giudici
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Y Rolland
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,UPS/Inserm UMR1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - B Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,UPS/Inserm UMR1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - P de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,UPS/Inserm UMR1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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