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Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Tafreshi AS, Doost AH, Tabesh M, Abolhasani M, Amini A, Saidpour A. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation Added to a Weight Loss Program on Anthropometric Measures, Body Composition, Eating Behavior, and Related Hormone Levels in Patients with Food Addiction and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Obes Surg 2024; 34:3181-3194. [PMID: 39117856 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery is a common problem. Food addiction is an eating disorder that can be one of the reasons for weight regain in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation with a weight loss program and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, food addiction, and related hormone levels, in patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery. Participants (n = 50) received a weight loss program and CBT plus probiotic, or placebo for 12 weeks. Then, anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, eating behavior, and food addiction were assessed. RESULTS Weight and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the probiotic group compared to placebo (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, respectively). Fat mass was significantly decreased in the probiotic group (p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant improvement was observed in the probiotic group's eating behavior and food addiction compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Serum levels of leptin decreased significantly (p = 0.02), and oxytocin serum levels increased significantly (p = 0.008) in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION Adding probiotic supplements to the weight loss program and CBT is superior to the weight loss program and CBT alone in improving weight loss, eating behavior, and food addiction in patients with food addiction and weight regain after metabolic bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghafouri-Taleghani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | | | - Azita Hekmat Doost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Tabesh
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1136746911, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1136746911, Iran
| | - Amin Amini
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1971653313, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
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Hu S, Gearhardt AN, LaFata EM. Development of the modified Highly Processed Food Withdrawal Scale (mProWS). Appetite 2024; 198:107370. [PMID: 38653374 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The Highly Processed Food Withdrawal Scale (ProWS) is a 29-item measure that operationalizes physical and psychological indicators of withdrawal symptoms associated with cutting down on the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The current study developed a briefer 7-item version of the ProWS (modified ProWS; mProWS) using the participant sample from the ProWS validation paper (n = 231). Then, in an independent sample recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, 244 participants (55.3% females) completed the mProWS, the ProWS, and measures of eating-related constructs in order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the mProWS, relative to the ProWS. The mProWS and the ProWS performed similarly on indexes of reliability, convergent validity with addictive-like eating behavior (e.g., Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 symptom count), discriminant validity with distinct measures (e.g., cognitive desire to restrict food consumption), and incremental validity evidenced by associations with weight cycling above and beyond body mass index (BMI) and YFAS 2.0 symptoms. The mProWS may be an appropriate choice for studies with higher participant burden (e.g., ecological momentary assessment) to assess withdrawal symptoms in real-time when they occur in response to cutting down on ultra-processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Hu
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Erica M LaFata
- Center for Weight, Eating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zielińska M, Łuszczki E, Szymańska A, Dereń K. Food addiction and the physical and mental health status of adults with overweight and obesity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17639. [PMID: 38952972 PMCID: PMC11216192 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity now affect more than a third of the world's population. They are strongly associated with somatic diseases, in particular increasing the risk of many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but also with mental disorders. In particular, there is a strong association between obesity and depression. As a result, more attention is paid to the neurobiological, behavioural, and psychological mechanisms involved in eating. One of these is food addiction (FA). Research comparing lifestyle elements, physical and mental health problems of excess body weight and individuals with FA is limited and has focused on younger people, mainly students. There is also a lack of studies that relate actual metabolic parameters to FA. To better understand the problem of FA also in older adults, it is important to understand the specific relationships between these variables. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 172 adults with overweight and obesity (82% female) aged 23-85 years. The mean age of all subjects was M = 59.97 years (SD = 11.93), the mean BMI was M = 32.05 kg/m2 (SD = 4.84), and the mean body fat was M = 39.12% (SD = 6.48). The following questionnaires were used: Food Frequency Questionnaire-6 (FFQ-6), Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18), Yale Food Addiction Scale 2. 0 (YFAS 2.0), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Body composition, anthropometry, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. Results A total of 22.7% of participants with overweight and obesity had symptoms of depression according to the SDS, and 18.6% met the criteria for FA according to YFAS 2.0. FA was statistically significantly more common among people up to 50 years. BMI, body fat mass, diastolic blood pressure and sedentary behaviour were statistically significantly higher in people with FA symptoms. Those who were sedentary for 301-450 min per day were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms, and those who were sedentary for more than 450 min per day were significantly more likely to have FA symptoms. Conclusions Our findings complement the current literature on FA, particularly in older adults and metabolic parameters, and suggest further research directions. Although our cross-sectional study design does not allow causal interpretations, increasing physical activity appears to be particularly important in the management of people with overweight or obesity and FA. This may be even more important than for people with depression alone, but future research is needed to explore these relationships further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Szymańska
- Rzeszów Association for Disabled and Autistic Children SOLIS RADIUS, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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Freichel R, Christensen E, Mrkonja L, de Jong PJ, Cousijn J, Franken I, Yücel M, Lee R, Veer IM, Albertella L, Wiers RW. Attentional Biases and Their Association with Substance-Use-Related Problems and Addictive Behaviors: The Utility of a Gamified Value-Modulated Attentional Capture Task. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100534. [PMID: 38404750 PMCID: PMC10885317 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attentional biases towards reward stimuli have been implicated in substance use-related problems. The value-modulated attentional capture (VMAC) task assesses such reward-related biases. The VMAC task widely used in lab studies tends to be monotonous and susceptible to low effort. We therefore tested a gamified online version of the VMAC that aimed to increase participant engagement. Our goal was to examine how VMAC is associated with substance use-related problems and addictive behaviors, and whether this association is moderated by cognitive control. Methods We recruited 285 participants from an online community, including heavy alcohol users. All participants completed a novel gamified version of the VMAC task, measures of substance use and addictive behaviors (addictive-like eating behavior, problematic smartphone use), the WebExec measure of problems with executive functions, and the Stroop Adaptive Deadline Task (SDL) as a measure of cognitive control. Results The gamified VMAC task successfully identified value-modulated attentional capture effects towards high-reward stimuli. We found no significant associations between VMAC scores, problematic alcohol or cannabis use, addictive behaviors, or any moderation by a behavioral measure of cognitive control. Exploratory analyses revealed that self-reported cognitive problems were associated with more alcohol-, and cannabis-related problems, and addictive behaviors. Greater attentional capture (VMAC) was associated with more cannabis use-related problems among individuals with higher levels of self-reported cognitive problems. Conclusions Our study is one of the first to demonstrate the utility of the gamified version of the VMAC task in capturing attentional reward biases. Self-reported problems with cognitive functions represent a key dimension associated with substance use-related problems and addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Freichel
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia BrainPark, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lana Mrkonja
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J. de Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Center for Substance Use and Addiction Research (CESAR), Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Franken
- Center for Substance Use and Addiction Research (CESAR), Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia BrainPark, Clayton, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rico Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia BrainPark, Clayton, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia BrainPark, Clayton, Australia
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Constant A, Som M, Val-Laillet D, Moirand R, Thibault R. Exploring sub-threshold food addiction in adult patients with severe obesity: a cross-sectional analysis. J Addict Dis 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38504415 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2024.2327721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on Food Addiction (FA) used the strict classical diagnosis approach without quantifying sub-threshold symptoms (i.e. uncontrolled/excessive food intake, negative affect, craving, tolerance, withdrawal, and continued use despite harm) nor indicating where they stand on the "three-stage addiction cycle" modeling the transition from substance use to addiction. OBJECTIVES (1) to estimate the proportion of clinically significant episodes of distress/impairment in severely obese patients without FA, and (2) to assess their associations with FA symptoms at the subthreshold level. METHODS The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) assesses 11 symptoms (diagnostic criteria) plus clinically significant impairment and distress (clinical significance criterion). We used this tool to diagnose FA (≥ 2 criteria plus clinical significance) in adult patients with severe obesity, but included only those below the threshold in the analyses. Demographics, clinical features, and obesity complications were collected. RESULTS Only 18% of the 192 participants (women n = 148, 77.1%; mean age: 43.0 ± 13.2) reported a total absence of FA symptoms, while one in four reported recurrent episodes of clinically significant distress (24%) or impairment (25%) in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The most common recurrent symptoms were first-stage symptoms (binge/intoxication), while second- (withdrawal/negative affect) and third-stage (preoccupation/anticipation) symptoms affected nearly one patient in five for tolerance and craving, and one in ten for withdrawal. In multivariate analysis, impairment was positively related to withdrawal and tolerance, while distress was positively related to failure in role obligations. CONCLUSION Many patients with severe obesity experience recurrent episodes of FA symptoms at the subthreshold level. Prospective studies will examine whether these symptoms may play a causal role in symptoms progression toward a full-blown FA and obesity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymery Constant
- EHESP, School of Public Health, Rennes, France
- Inrae, Inserm, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Mickaël Som
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CHU Rennes, univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- Inrae, Inserm, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Moirand
- Inrae, Inserm, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
- Addictology Unit, CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Thibault
- Inrae, Inserm, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CHU Rennes, univ Rennes, Rennes, France
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6
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Christensen E, Albertella L, Chamberlain SR, Brydevall M, Suo C, Grant JE, Yücel M, Lee RSC. The neurocognitive correlates of non-substance addictive behaviors. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107904. [PMID: 37984220 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits have been implicated as transdiagnostic risk markers of substance use disorders. However, these have yet to be comprehensively evaluated in other, non-substance addictions. In a large, general community sample (N = 475) the present study evaluated the neurocognitive correlates of problem alcohol use and three non-substance-related addictive behaviors: addictive eating (AE), problematic pornography use (PPU), and problematic use of the internet (PUI), to identify potential shared and distinct neurocognitive correlates. A sample of Australian residents (54.4 % female M[SD] age = 32.4[11.9] years) completed a comprehensive online assessment of neurocognitive tasks tapping into eight distinct expert-endorsed domains purportedly associated with addiction. Multiple linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to examine associations among each addictive behavior of interest and neurocognition, trait impulsivity, and compulsivity, as well as key covariates. Neurocognition was differentially associated with each addictive behavior. None of the neurocognitive domains were significantly associated with problematic alcohol use or AE (p >.05), poorer performance monitoring was significantly associated with higher levels of PPU and PUI (β = -0.10, p =.049; β = -0.09, p =.028), and a preference for delayed gratification was associated with more severe PUI (β = -0.10, p =.025). Our findings have theoretical implications for how we understand non-substance addiction and suggest the need for a more nuanced approach to studying addictive behaviors that take into account the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms associated with each type of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, Southampton, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Maja Brydevall
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Rico Sze Chun Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Schiestl ET, Gearhardt AN, Wolfson J. The qualitative evaluation of food addiction across the lifespan. Appetite 2024; 194:107170. [PMID: 38147964 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Although it remains controversial, food addiction (FA) research has expanded substantially and empirical evidence for FA is growing. While quantitative studies have explored the prevalence and correlates of FA during childhood and adolescence, little is known about the perceived lived experience of FA across the lifespan, nor how experiences and perceptions of FA may change over time. For this study, 16 participants who met symptom threshold criteria for FA on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 completed in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews focused on their perceptions of the development of FA overtime, and perceived risk and protective factors. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes about the lived experience of FA in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Overall, highly palatable foods were viewed as the most problematic, while minimally processed foods were less associated with impairment and distress. Themes in childhood included a strong desire for highly processed foods and the perception that parental control over food choices could be either protective or risky for the later development of FA depending on which foods were available at home. In adolescence and young adulthood, increasing autonomy over food choices and the high availability of highly processed foods in the college environment were viewed as risk factors. Additionally, weight gain was a prominent theme. Finally, adulthood was characterized by more severe manifestations of FA, and the stress of adult responsibilities (e.g., work, parenting) contributed to this perception. This research sets the stage for future quantitative studies to explore these novel findings at the population level.
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Salazar J, Duran P, Garrido B, Parra H, Hernández M, Cano C, Añez R, García-Pacheco H, Cubillos G, Vasquez N, Chacin M, Bermúdez V. Weight Regain after Metabolic Surgery: Beyond the Surgical Failure. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1143. [PMID: 38398456 PMCID: PMC10888585 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing metabolic surgery have factors ranging from anatomo-surgical, endocrine metabolic, eating patterns and physical activity, mental health and psychological factors. Some of the latter can explain the possible pathophysiological neuroendocrine, metabolic, and adaptive mechanisms that cause the high prevalence of weight regain in postbariatric patients. Even metabolic surgery has proven to be effective in reducing excess weight in patients with obesity; some of them regain weight after this intervention. In this vein, several studies have been conducted to search factors and mechanisms involved in weight regain, to stablish strategies to manage this complication by combining metabolic surgery with either lifestyle changes, behavioral therapies, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic interventions, or finally, surgical revision. The aim of this revision is to describe certain aspects and mechanisms behind weight regain after metabolic surgery, along with preventive and therapeutic strategies for this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Duran
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Bermary Garrido
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Heliana Parra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Marlon Hernández
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Roberto Añez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Quirónsalud, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henry García-Pacheco
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad del Zulia, Hospital General del Sur, Dr. Pedro Iturbe, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- Unidad de Cirugía para Obesidad y Metabolismo (UCOM), Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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Fan S, Guo W, Xiao D, Guan M, Liao T, Peng S, Feng A, Wang Z, Yin H, Li M, Chen J, Xiong W. Microbiota-gut-brain axis drives overeating disorders. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2011-2027.e7. [PMID: 37794596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Overeating disorders (ODs), usually stemming from dieting history and stress, remain a pervasive issue in contemporary society, with the pathological mechanisms largely unresolved. Here, we show that alterations in intestinal microbiota are responsible for the excessive intake of palatable foods in OD mice and patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). Stress combined with a history of dieting causes significant changes in the microbiota and the intestinal metabolism, which disinhibit the vagus nerve terminals in the gut and thereby lead to a subsequent hyperactivation of the gut-brain axis passing through the vagus, the solitary tract nucleus, and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The transplantation of a probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii or dietary supplement of key metabolites restores the activity of the gut-to-brain pathway and thereby alleviates the OD symptoms. Thus, our study delineates how the microbiota-gut-brain axis mediates energy balance, unveils the underlying pathogenesis of the OD, and provides potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Mengyuan Guan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tiepeng Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Sufang Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Airong Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Hefei 230026, China.
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10
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Bartschi JG, Greenwood LM. Food addiction as a mediator between depressive symptom severity and body mass index. Appetite 2023; 190:107008. [PMID: 37625647 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Depression is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease linked to weight gain driven by complex interactions between multiple risk factors, including overeating behaviours. However, risk factors that mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and weight gain remain to be fully elucidated. This study examined food addiction symptoms as a potential mediator on the relationship between depressive symptom severity and adiposity as measured by body mass index (BMI), and evaluated whether this relationship was contingent on appetite symptom profile and sex. In a sample of 628 adults, depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and food addiction symptoms were measured using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS, version 2). Participant demographics, including BMI, appetite presentations and sex, were assessed using self-report questions. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed to determine relationships between variables. The prevalence of depressogenic food addiction in the present sample was 21.7%. After accounting for age and averaged amount of exercise, food addiction symptoms fully mediated the relationship between depressive symptom severity and BMI. Appetite symptom profile was a significant moderator of this relationship, with effects more pronounced in those with increased appetite compared to decreased or unchanged appetite. While sex was not a significant moderator, being male or female was associated with higher food addiction scores. This study supports food addiction symptoms as an important behavioural risk factor for increased adiposity linked to greater depressive symptom severity, particularly in those experiencing increased appetite during a depressive episode. Assessment and monitoring of food addiction symptoms may have utility in reducing the risk of increased BMI and adverse health outcomes in those experiencing more severe depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Bartschi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Lisa-Marie Greenwood
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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11
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Fico BG, Maharaj A, Pena GS, Huang CJ. The Effects of Obesity on the Inflammatory, Cardiovascular, and Neurobiological Responses to Exercise in Older Adults. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:865. [PMID: 37372149 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity with advancing age leads to increased health complications that are involved in various complex physiological processes. For example, inflammation is a critical cardiovascular disease risk factor that plays a role in the stages of atherosclerosis in both aging and obesity. Obesity can also induce profound changes to the neural circuitry that regulates food intake and energy homeostasis with advancing age. Here we discuss how obesity in older adults impacts inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurobiological functions with an emphasis on how exercise mediates each topic. Although obesity is a reversible disorder through lifestyle changes, it is important to note that early interventions are crucial to prevent pathological changes seen in the aging obese population. Lifestyle modifications such as physical activity (including aerobic and resistance training) should be considered as a main intervention to minimize the synergistic effect of obesity on age-related conditions, such as cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Fico
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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12
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Associations among SNPs in two addictive genes, food addiction, and antioxidant markers in recreationally active young women. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:332-339. [PMID: 36926997 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION food addiction is associated with genetic polymorphisms and decreased antioxidant intake. OBJECTIVES this study determined the associations among food addiction, dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) and toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP rs625413) gene polymorphisms, antioxidant capacities, and zinc levels among recreationally active Turkish women. METHODS the Yale Food Addiction Scale was used to evaluate the food addiction status. Serum antioxidant capacities and zinc levels were evaluated by blood analyses. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was performed using peripheral blood leukocytes, and the polymorphism status of the DRD2 Taq 1A and TIRAP genes was investigated using a commercial kit. RESULTS the frequencies of the heterozygous genotypes of DRD2 Taq 1A and TIRAP were 23.1 % and 31.4 %, respectively, and the frequency of risk allele homozygous genotypes was 3.2 %. Most participants (94.4 %) had a nonpolymorphic/wild (CC) genotype in both genes; however, 11.5 % of the participants had a food addiction. The differences between serum antioxidant capacities, zinc levels, and body mass indices of those with and without food addiction were statistically significant. However, there were no differences in the serum zinc and antioxidant levels among the different genotypes. CONCLUSION food addiction in young Turkish women was not associated with DRD2 Taq 1A or TIRAP polymorphisms but was associated with serum antioxidant capacities and zinc levels. Further studies on different loci of the same genes or genotypes of different genes with larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Monteleone AM, Cascino G, Salerno L, Albano G, Barone E, Cardi V, Lo Coco G. The interplay between emotion regulation, interpersonal problems and eating symptoms in individuals with obesity: A network analysis study. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:61-67. [PMID: 36565965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A complex and bidirectional relationship between eating and psychological symptoms in individuals with obesity has been proposed. This study aims to identify the specific processes playing a role in this association, using a data-driven approach. METHODS Two hundred ninety-four adults with obesity, including 106 (36 %) with binge-eating disorder, were consecutively admitted to a specialized public center. They completed self-report questionnaires to assess emotion regulation, interpersonal problems, self-esteem, binge-eating symptoms, and expectancies regarding eating behaviors. To assess the interplay among eating and psychological variables, a network analysis was used. The bridge function analysis was also performed to identify the bridge nodes among three communities (eating symptoms, interpersonal and emotional problems). RESULTS The network was stable. Limited access to emotion regulation strategies, eating helps manage negative affect, and non-assertiveness were the nodes with the highest strength centrality. Lack of emotional clarity, non-assertiveness, socially inhibition, and binge-eating were the nodes with the highest bridge strength. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of the study is the cross-sectional nature of the findings which prevents to infer causality regarding the association between symptoms in the network. DISCUSSION An interplay between eating symptoms and affective and interpersonal factors characterizes individuals with obesity. Across the variety of psychological problems associated with obesity, the present study suggests specific psychological variables and their connections that could be addressed to improve treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Laura Salerno
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaia Albano
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eugenia Barone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Wang D, Zhou H, Hu Y, Che Y, Ye X, Chen J, Fu J, Xu H. Prediction of body fat increase from food addiction scale in school-aged children and adolescents: A longitudinal cross-lagged study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1056123. [PMID: 36684883 PMCID: PMC9853519 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1056123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Food addiction (FA) is associated with a higher body mass index z-score (BMIZ) in children and adolescents; however, whether these two aspects evolve interdependently remains unknown. This study aimed to address this question using a cross-lagged study. Methods Weight status, including BMIZ, fat content (FC), and visceral fat level (VFL), was determined in 880 children and adolescents (mean age = 14.02 years [range = 8.83-17.52 years]) at two-time points with an interval of 6 months. FA was characterized using the Chinese version of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0. Furthermore, FC and VFL were measured using direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis at each time point. Results Higher FA was associated with increased BMIZ, FC, and VFL (P < 0.05). FA at T0 could predict increased FC at T1 (P < 0.05). The characteristics of females, primary students, and living in urban areas may aggravate the adverse effect of FA on weight status over time and age, particularly the increased VFL in participants aged > 14 years. Conclusion Children and adolescents with a high FA level were at risk for weight gain attributed to increased FC, and the adverse effect could be aggravated with time and age. Novel FA-targeting interventions may help mitigate the risk of getting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfen Che
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Ye
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junqing Chen
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhen Xu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Mueller-Stierlin AS, Peisser A, Cornet S, Jaeckle S, Lehle J, Moerkl S, Teasdale SB. Exploration of Perceived Determinants of Disordered Eating Behaviors in People with Mental Illness-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:442. [PMID: 36612764 PMCID: PMC9819820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating behaviors are common in people with a serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. This study employed qualitative exploration to understand the perceived determinants of eating behaviors, in particular those connected to disordered eating patterns, in people with SMI. In total, 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted in a consecutive sample of people with SMI under treatment in local mental health services in Australia (n = 12), Germany (n = 8) and Austria (n = 8) (mean age: 43.3 years, proportion of female participants: 61%, proportion of participants with ICD-10 F2 diagnosis: 57%, proportion of participants with ICD-10 F3 diagnosis: 64%). A thematic analysis approach, the framework method, was applied using MAXQDA 2020. Three main themes of determinants were derived: (i) impacts to daily functioning, (ii) disrupted physical hunger cues and (iii) emotional hunger. For impacts to daily functioning, the following themes emerged: lack of daily structure, time and drive, and difficulty planning ahead. For physical hunger, themes emerged for disrupted hunger and satiety cues, and mindless eating. All motives listed in the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), i.e., coping, reward, social and conformity, have been reported by participants to be drivers for their emotional eating behavior. Subsequent reported behaviors were eating too much or too little, binge eating, night eating and food cravings. We conclude that interprofessional approaches should target daily functioning, disrupted physical hunger cues and emotional eating to reduce disordered eating behaviors in people with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel S. Mueller-Stierlin
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Ulm University Hospital, 89070 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Peisser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Cornet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Selina Jaeckle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jutta Lehle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Moerkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Scott B. Teasdale
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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16
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Appetitive Motivation and Associated Neurobiology Change Differentially across the Life Course of Mouse Offspring Exposed to Peri- and Postnatal High Fat Feeding. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235161. [PMID: 36501191 PMCID: PMC9735866 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in neural pathways that regulate appetitive motivation may contribute to increased obesity risk in offspring born to mothers fed a high fat (HF) diet. However, current findings on the impact of maternal obesity on motivation in offspring are inconclusive, and there is no information about the long-lasting effects in aged animals. This study examined the longitudinal effect of perinatal and chronic postnatal HF intake on appetitive motivation in young and aged offspring. Female C57Bl/6 were fed either a control (C) or HF diet before mating through to lactation. At weaning, offspring were maintained on the C or HF diet, generating the following four diet groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C, and HF/HF based on the pre/post weaning diet. At 6 months, motivation was higher in HF/C females, but lower in male and female C/HF and HF/HF mice. By 12 months, this difference was lost, as C-fed animals became less motivated, while motivation increased in HF-fed mice. The mRNA levels of dopamine receptor 1 and 2 increased with age, while cannabinoid receptor 1 and μ-opioid receptor expression remained stable or decreased in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. Results from this study suggest that perinatal and chronic postnatal HF feeding produced opposite effects on appetitive motivation in young adult offspring mice, which was also reflected in the shift in motivation over time. These results have significant implications for patterns of hedonic eating across the life course and the relative risk of obesity at different time points.
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17
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Response inhibition training and measures of explicit and implicit food valuation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Factors Associated with Functional Constipation among Students of a Chinese University: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214590. [PMID: 36364851 PMCID: PMC9655017 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC) is prevalent worldwide and is an increasingly prominent problem among university students. However, there is a paucity of research on FC in university students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of FC among Chinese university students by the Rome III criteria and investigate its associated factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted by online questionnaires among 929 university students at a Chinese university. Food consumption was assessed with the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) and dietary patterns were analyzed using factor analysis. A binary logistic regression model was applied to clarify FC-associated factors. The prevalence of FC among university students was 5.1%. Interestingly, among university students, the prevalence of FC with “complex” dietary pattern was significantly higher than those with “vegetable, fruit, egg and milk-based” and “livestock and aquatic product-based” dietary pattern (9.9% vs. 3.1% vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of FC was significantly higher among university students with moderate to severe sleep disorders than those with the other sleep status (χ2 = 18.100, p < 0.001). Furthermore, after adjusting the covariates, “complex” dietary pattern (OR = 4.023, p < 0.001), moderate to severe sleep disorders (OR = 3.003, p = 0.006), overeating (OR = 2.502, p = 0.032), long mealtime (>30 min) (OR = 6.001, p = 0.007), and poor defecation habits (OR = 3.069, p = 0.042) were positively associated with FC among university students. Based on the above-associated factors for FC, improving dietary patterns and sleep status and developing good bowel and dietary habits are essential to prevent and alleviate university students’ FC.
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Hallit S, Brytek-Matera A, Malaeb D, Obeid S. Validation of the Arabic version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale in the general population in Lebanon. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:112. [PMID: 35927764 PMCID: PMC9354308 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the definition of food addiction is not agreed upon, it is characterized by eating more than expected without being hungry, not being able to visit certain places associated with overeating or unsuccessfully trying to cut down on the consumption of certain foods. The modified YFAS (mYFAS 2.0) version, instrument available to evaluate food addiction, was shown to have good psychometric properties. Our objective was to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the mYFAS (mYFAS-Ar-Leb) in the Lebanese population. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 1268 persons residing in Lebanon (September-November 2020). The mean age of the participants was 26.18 years (SD = 11.17; min: 18; max: 85), with 65.1% females. The percentage of participants with food addiction was 226 (17.8%) in the total sample. A confirmatory factor analysis was run on the one-factor structure among the total sample. RESULTS The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis of the scale were excellent. The Cronbach's alpha value was good for the total scale. The mYFAS-Ar-Leb score was positively and strongly associated with stress, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Our study findings highlighted that the use of the mYFAS-Ar-Leb in Lebanese population might help estimate food addiction prevalence and stress on the need for effective treatment and preventive measures to craving for addictive foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
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20
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De Almeida R, Kamath G, Cabandugama P. Food Addiction in Application to Obesity Management. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2022; 119:372-378. [PMID: 36118809 PMCID: PMC9462897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nascent and rapidly growing research into defining the concept of "food addiction" (FA) in relation to obesity is currently underway. Food addiction is present in a subset of patients who are overweight or have obesity, and its presence is associated with other psychosocial disorders such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, impulse control disorders, and lower quality of life. Food addiction is associated with higher intake of and preference for highly processed foods that have addictive-like properties such as cravings, reward sensitivity, and impaired control. Food addiction is associated with less weight loss in patients with obesity utilizing diet and lifestyle-related interventions. In clinical practice, identifying the subset of patients with obesity with FA-related psychosocial constraints and continued emphasis on avoiding highly processed foods may improve obesity and weight management outcomes. Food addiction is thought to be an addictive-like phenotype.Food addiction is noted to have significant overlap with substance use disorder (SUD) and other eating disorders, but is currently not classified a diagnosis by DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria.Food addiction has similarities to SUD, such as cravings, reduced control over intake, increased impulsivity and altered reward-sensitivity.The Yale Food Addiction Scale, which is a clinical scale modeled by the DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria for SUD, has been used to quantify and study FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben De Almeida
- Internal Medicine Resident, University of Missouri-Kansas City-School of Medicine (UMKC-SOM), Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Geetha Kamath
- Assistant Professor of Medicine and Faculty Member of the Endocrinology Fellowship Program at the UMKC-SOM, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Peminda Cabandugama
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University Health Weight Management Clinic, UMKCSOM, Kansas City, Missouri
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21
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Santiago VA, Cassin SE. Social and Occupational Impairment Among Individuals with Ultra-processed Food Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Volume and Connectivity Differences in Brain Networks Associated with Cognitive Constructs of Binge Eating. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0080-21.2021. [PMID: 35064023 PMCID: PMC8856709 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0080-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are characterized by episodes of eating large amounts of food while experiencing a loss of control. Recent studies suggest that the underlying causes of BN/BED consist of a complex system of environmental cues, atypical processing of food stimuli, altered behavioral responding, and structural/functional brain differences compared with healthy controls (HC). In this narrative review, we provide an integrative account of the brain networks associated with the three cognitive constructs most integral to BN and BED, namely increased reward sensitivity, decreased cognitive control, and altered negative affect and stress responding. We show altered activity in BED/BN within several brain networks, specifically in the striatum, insula, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and cingulate gyrus. Numerous key nodes in these networks also differ in volume and connectivity compared with HC. We provide suggestions for how this integration may guide future research into these brain networks and cognitive constructs.
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Hussenoeder FS, Pabst A, Conrad I, Löbner M, Engel C, Zeynalova S, Reyes N, Glaesmer H, Hinz A, Witte V, Schroeter ML, Wirkner K, Kirsten T, Löffler M, Villringer A, Riedel-Heller SG. Anxiety and Food Addiction in Men and Women: Results From the Longitudinal LIFE-Adult-Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:914358. [PMID: 35774094 PMCID: PMC9239341 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.914358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a widespread phenomenon, and it is connected to disordered eating and obesity. We want to analyze the connection between anxiety and food addiction (FA) over two points in time to better understand the directionality of the association. Since there are gender differences with regard to anxiety and eating, we are also interested in differences between men and women. METHODS We used data from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study (N = 1,474) at time 1 (baseline) and time 2 (first follow-up) to analyze the connections between anxiety (GAD-7) and FA (YFAS) using a multiple group latent cross-lagged panel model with female and male participants as groups. We controlled for age, marital status, socioeconomic status and social support. RESULTS Anxiety (women: β = 0.50, p ≤ 0.001; men: β = 0.59, p ≤ 0.001) as well as FA (women: β = 0.37, p ≤ 0.001; men: β = 0.58, p ≤ 0.001) exhibited stability over time for both genders. We found a significant association between anxiety at time 1 and FA at time 2 for women (β = 0.25, p ≤ 0.001) but not for men (β = 0.04, p = 0.10), and significant associations between FA at time 1 and anxiety at time 2 for women (β = 0.23, p ≤ 0.001) as well as men (β = 0.21, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Food addiction longitudinally affects anxiety, independent of gender and other sociodemographic variables. In addition, anxiety affects subsequent FA as well, but only in women. Interventions that address FA could reduce anxiety in men and women, while interventions that mitigate anxiety could help prevent FA in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Hussenoeder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Pabst
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Löbner
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samira Zeynalova
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigar Reyes
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Witte
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department for Medical Data Science, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Neurobiology of food addiction. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Rudner T, Hume DJ, Larmuth K, Atterbury E, Rauch HGL, Kroff J. Substance use disorder and obesogenic eating: Does working memory training strengthen ability to abstain from unwanted behaviors? A systematic review. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 137:108689. [PMID: 34952746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abstaining from unwanted behaviors requires a sufficient balance between the executive and impulsive cognitive systems. Working memory (WM) is a vital component of both systems, identified in a wide range of research as the central and dominant component of executive function. WM potentially modulates the desires, tendencies, and behaviors specific to and seen in individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) and obesogenic eating (OE). Compared to healthy populations, research has shown individuals with SUD, as well as those who display OE, to have some degree of executive dysfunction, and both conditions have far-reaching health care implications. Additionally, these deficits are associated with impulsive behavior. Research has proposed that impulsive and so-called reward-driven responses could be altered through cognitive therapy and that both SUD and OE could benefit from working memory training (WMT). METHOD In this narrative review, we systematically align extant empirical reasoning and evidence with these assumptions. Our main aim is to ascertain and summarize the value of WMT for the treatment of both SUD and food reward consummatory behaviors. As a means to include detailed narrative accounts of all papers of potential value, our thresholds for meaningful improvements in both WM and unwanted behaviors are broad. RESULTS The results from the eleven qualifying studies are as follows: Nine of ten studies show a significant positive training effect of WMT on one or more components of WM capacity; three of six eligible papers (two on alcohol and one on opioid addiction) deliver notable improvements in SUD in response to WMT. One of two suitable studies showed WMT to be a moderately efficacious form of therapy for OE. Conversely, WMT appears to have negligible therapeutic benefit for cognitive function deficits or psychopathology unrelated to WM, suggesting that WMT has unique treatment efficacy for impulsive human behaviors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, more rigorous and uniform studies on WMT and impulsive harmful behaviors are required to give proof of the benefits of this potential useful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinity Rudner
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David J Hume
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Larmuth
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Atterbury
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - H G Laurie Rauch
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacolene Kroff
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Characteristics of individuals seeking addictive eating treatment. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2779-2786. [PMID: 33646515 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing interest in food addiction and its potential treatment. However, little is known about the characteristics of people seeking addictive eating treatment, which is important to develop appropriate treatment and referral pathways. The aim was to describe the characteristics of individuals seeking addictive eating treatment and examine differences between eligible participants who did and did not engage in treatment. METHODS Participants interested in an addictive eating treatment were recruited to an online screening survey. The 55-item survey included demographic questions, body satisfaction; weight-loss attempts; the modified Yale Food Addiction Survey (mYFAS); the Binge Eating Scale and mental health outcomes (DASS-21). RESULTS Individuals seeking addictive eating treatment (n = 309) were predominantly female (61%), from the obese BMI category (67%) and had accessed a range of services for weight loss (97%). Using multiple logistic regression, participants with higher mYFAS scores were more likely to engage in treatment (AOR 1.68; 95% CI 1.12-2.52), while participants with higher DASS total scores were less likely to engage in treatment (AOR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95-0.99). CONCLUSION This study indicates considerable interest from consumers in seeking addictive eating treatment. Individuals who did not engage in treatment displayed higher mental health comorbidity, suggesting that higher mental health symptomatology may be a barrier to treatment. Future qualitative research is needed to provide an in-depth understanding of the reasons for seeking and engaging in addictive eating treatment, as well as to identify the optimal treatments and referral pathways. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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de Almeida VBP, Filgueiras AR, Nogueira PCK, Sesso RC, Sawaya AL, Domene SMÁ. The impact of food addiction behaviours on the treatment of overweight students. Br J Nutr 2021; 129:1-8. [PMID: 34657642 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the association of food addiction (FA), the change of the BMI/age z-score and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in overweight students undergoing a 16-month, multicomponent intervention in the school environment. FA was investigated using the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children, and the dietary assessment was estimated using the semi-quantitative FFQ in overweight 9-11-year-old students (BMI/age z-score ≥ 1) of both sexes at their baseline and after the intervention (n 120). Among the schoolchildren, 33·4 % had FA in at least one of the two assessments. The analysis of mixed-effects models to assess the effect of the intervention and the change of the BMI/age z-score between evaluations showed that the occurrence of FA influenced the maintenance of weight (time#FA, β = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·54, P = 0·016). Weight loss was observed only in individuals who did not present FA (BMI/age z-score = -0·3). When evaluating the effect of the intervention and the dietary variables, we verified a reduction in the consumption of sugary milk-based drinks -71·13 kJ (-17 kcal), P = 0·04 only in non-FA students at the end of the study. FA has been identified as an underlying factor with therapeutic relevance, and an enhanced understanding of FA can open new paths for the prevention and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Cintra Sesso
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lydia Sawaya
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Aguirre T, Meier N, Koehler A, Bowman R. Highly processed food addiction: A concept analysis. Nurs Forum 2021; 57:152-164. [PMID: 34657289 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This concept analysis aims to clarify the highly processed food addiction (HPFA) concept and discuss its implications for treating obesity. BACKGROUND Emerging empirical evidence suggests addictive-like eating may contribute to obesity in some individuals, increasing interest in HPFA's role in obesity. Clarifying the HPFA concept will aid in developing individualized interventions for patients with obesity and HPFA. DESIGN This concept analysis followed Walker and Avant's approach. The case studies are of participants in a study that included individuals with and without HPFA (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0-diagnosed). DATA SOURCE We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Ebscohost databases. Keywords were "food addiction" and "food addiction concept." REVIEW METHODS Criteria included recent reviews and empirical studies that measured HPFA and focused on HPFA characteristics and/or treatment implications. RESULTS The model case displayed all 11-substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms and clinical significance, supporting a severe HPFA diagnosis. The contrary case was negative for all YFAS 2.0 symptoms and clinical significance and did not eat compulsively or experience cravings. The borderline case met the minimum symptom criteria for severe HPFA but not clinical significance. Clinical interviews may help determine whether such individuals truly exhibit addictive-like eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Growing empirical evidence and our case studies support the HPFA concept and the utility of the YFAS/YFAS 2.0 for identifying a distinct subset of individuals with overweight/obesity who may benefit from interventions developed to treat established SUDs. Future research should examine HPFA separately and in relation to obesity and eating disorders and include longitudinal studies and gender-balanced samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Aguirre
- College of Nursing-West Nebraska Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nancy Meier
- College of Nursing-West Nebraska Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ann Koehler
- College of Nursing-West Nebraska Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, USA
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Al-Hammouri MM, Rababah JA, Shawler C. A Review of the Concept of Impulsivity: An Evolutionary Perspective. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2021; 44:357-367. [PMID: 34718256 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a central concept for many psychological models and interventions. Despite extensive research, the concept of impulsivity lacks clarity due to the diversity of definitions provided. The aims of this study were to conduct a concept analysis of impulsivity to provide a clear and workable definition of impulsivity for future nursing research. This study used Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis approach to analyze 37 articles from various disciplines. Our analysis offers promising direction in refining the concept. The findings can drive future research and enhance nurse researchers' ability to attend and explore health-related issues associated with the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Munther Al-Hammouri
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan (Drs Al-Hammouri and Rababah); and University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Shawler)
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Kidd C, Loxton NJ. A narrative review of reward sensitivity, rash impulsivity, and food addiction in adolescents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110265. [PMID: 33545225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a neurodevelopmental period characterised by heightened reward drive and weaker inhibitory control that may increase vulnerability to compulsive overconsumption of highly-palatable foods and food addiction. This narrative review aimed to summarise research investigating the presence of food addiction in adolescents and establish the role that impulsivity traits (i.e., reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity), previously linked to substance and behavioural addictions, play in contributing to food addiction in this cohort. It was found that the prevalence of food addiction was typically higher in studies that recruited adolescents who were overweight/obese or from clinical populations. Overall, impulsivity was found to be more consistently associated with food addiction, while the relationships between measures of reward sensitivity and food addiction were mixed. Findings of this review suggest trait impulsivity may contribute to food addiction in adolescents, however, further longitudinal and prospective research is recommended to confirm these findings and to investigate the potential interactive effects of reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Kidd
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Takgbajouah M, Buscemi J. Applying the developmental model of use disorders to hedonic hunger: a narrative review. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:47-55. [PMID: 34002675 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1926881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hedonic hunger (HH) occurs when individuals are driven to consume highly palatable food for pleasure, rather than to satisfy a caloric need. Currently, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) does not recognize HH as a use disorder. Previous research has noted physiological, neurobiological, and treatment similarities between HH, binge eating behavior and substance use, leading to the speculation of the existence of food addiction (FA). The purpose of the current review was to explore the literature on the developmental similarities between substance use, HH, binge eating behavior, and other use disorders to provide more evidence for the recognition of FA as an official use disorder, to add to the evidence in favor of a developmental model of use disorders, and to inform the development of interventions that target modifiable symptoms associated with use disorders. METHODS We provide a narrative review of the literature on developmental factors associated with both HH and substance use. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Adverse childhood experiences and attachment have been previously linked to both substance use and maladaptive eating behaviors. Adverse childhood experiences are linked with insecure attachment and emotion dysregulation, which is linked with compulsive behaviors and substance use. Clinical and research implications are discussed in terms of a developmental model of use disorders and the formal recognition of FA in the next edition of the DSM.
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Lifestyle Changes and Body Mass Index during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: An Italian Online-Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041117. [PMID: 33805291 PMCID: PMC8066204 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a period of contingency measures, including total or partial lockdowns all over the world leading to several changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours. This retrospective cohort study aimed at investigating Italian adult population lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic “Phase 1” lockdown (8 March–4 May 2020) and discriminate between positive and negative changes and BMI (body mass index) variations (ΔBMI). Methods. A multiple-choice web-form survey was used to collect retrospective data regarding lifestyle/eating behaviours during “Phase 1” in the Italian adult population. According to changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours, the sample was divided into three classes of changes: “negative change”, “no change”, “positive change”. For each class, correlations with ΔBMI were investigated. Results. Data were collected from 1304 subjects (973F/331M). Mean ΔBMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between classes, and was significantly related to water intake, alcohol consumption, physical activity, frequency of “craving or snacking between meals”, dessert/sweets consumption at lunch. Conclusions. During “Phase 1”, many people faced several negative changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours with potential negative impact on health. These findings highlight that pandemic exacerbates nutritional issues and most efforts need to be done to provide nutrition counselling and public health services to support general population needs.
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Nicolau J, Dotres K, Ayala L, Rodríguez I, Pascual S, Sanchís P, Bonet A, Tamayo MI, Arteaga M, Fortuny R, Cifuentes A, Masmiquel L. Long-Term Prevalence of Food Addiction Among Bariatric Surgery Patients: Influence on Metabolic and Psychological Outcomes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:152-158. [PMID: 33601956 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We wanted to assess the prevalence of individuals with food addiction (FA) among bariatric surgery (BS) patients at long term and to determine if there was any relationship between FA and both clinical and psychological outcomes at the time of the evaluation. Methods: Participants were evaluated for the presence of FA with the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Results: Of 134 subjects, 32 (23.9%) included met criteria for FA. The frequency of patients with depression at the time of the evaluation was greater among subjects with FA (34.4% vs. 11.8%; P = 0.006). The score obtained with the Beck Depression Inventory at the time of the evaluation was greater among subjects with FA (14.8 ± 11.5 vs. 6 ± 6.5; P < 0.0001). The frequency of subjects with FA who had criteria for binge eating disorder at the time of the evaluation was significantly greater (56.3% vs. 20.5%; P < 0.001). Patients with FA scored higher in the Lattinen index for chronic pain at the time of the evaluation (8.7 ± 5.9 vs. 5.8 ± 5.4; P = 0.014). However, clinical outcomes were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Routine screening for FA at long term postoperatively should be recommended to improve psychological outcomes of BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nicolau
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Keyla Dotres
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Luisa Ayala
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Irene Rodríguez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Salvador Pascual
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchís
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Aina Bonet
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - María Isabel Tamayo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Magdalena Arteaga
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Regina Fortuny
- Hormonal Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Andrés Cifuentes
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Lluís Masmiquel
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
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Hebebrand J, Gearhardt AN. The concept of "food addiction" helps inform the understanding of overeating and obesity: NO. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:268-273. [PMID: 33448280 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overeating is a complex behavioral phenotype in terms of both physiology and psychology. The mere transference of the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders to define food addiction is too simplistic, for the following reasons: 1) a range of somatic and mental disorders require exclusion; 2) food addiction requires distinction from the physiological need to ingest sufficient calories to maintain a high body weight; 3) intentional weight loss can induce an eating behavior mimicking food addiction; 4) the concept lacks validation, especially in light of the high prevalence of "food addiction" in patients with anorexia nervosa; and 5) this construct has not led to novel and successful treatments for overeating and obesity. The concept of food addiction has the potential to distract from the need for focus on environmental influencers to combat the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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Mazokopakis EE. Food addiction in the Christian Patristic Tradition. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:405-406. [PMID: 31955386 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elias E Mazokopakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Hospital of Crete, Souda, 73 200, Chania, Crete, Greece. .,Department of Theology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Salles J, Lacassagne E, Eddiry S, Franchitto N, Salles JP, Tauber M. What can we learn from PWS and SNORD116 genes about the pathophysiology of addictive disorders? Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:51-59. [PMID: 33082508 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Addictive disorders have been much investigated and many studies have underlined the role of environmental factors such as social interaction in the vulnerability to and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Research on addiction pathophysiology now suggests that certain behavioral disorders are addictive, one example being food addiction. Yet, despite the growing body of knowledge on addiction, it is still unknown why only some of the individuals exposed to a drug become addicted to it. This observation has prompted the consideration of genetic heritage, neurodevelopmental trajectories, and gene-environment interactions in addiction vulnerability. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in which children become addicted to food and show early social impairment. PWS is caused by the deficiency of imprinted genes located on the 15q11-q13 chromosome. Among them, the SNORD116 gene was identified as the minimal gene responsible for the PWS phenotype. Several studies have also indicated the role of the Snord116 gene in animal and cellular models to explain PWS pathophysiology and phenotype (including social impairment and food addiction). We thus present here the evidence suggesting the potential involvement of the SNORD116 gene in addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Salles
- Université de Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,CHU de Toulouse, Service de psychiatrie et psychologie, psychiatrie Toulouse, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,CHU de Toulouse, Institut des Handicaps Neurologiques, Psychiatriques et Sensoriels, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lacassagne
- Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Sanaa Eddiry
- Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Franchitto
- Université de Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,CHU de Toulouse, Service d'addictologie clinique, urgences réanimation médecine, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Maithé Tauber
- Université de Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France. .,Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France. .,CHU de Toulouse, Institut des Handicaps Neurologiques, Psychiatriques et Sensoriels, F-31000, Toulouse, France. .,CHU de Toulouse, Centre de référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres syndromes avec troubles du comportement alimentaire, Unité d'endocrinologie, obésités, maladies osseuses, génétique et gynécologie médicale, F-31000, Toulouse, France.
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Vasiliu O. Current Status of Evidence for a New Diagnosis: Food Addiction-A Literature Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:824936. [PMID: 35082706 PMCID: PMC8784968 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.824936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food addiction is considered an important link for a better understanding of psychiatric and medical problems triggered by dysfunctions of eating behaviors, e. g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, binge eating disorder, or bulimia nervosa. At behavioral level, food addiction has high degrees of similarity with other eating disorders, a phenomenon that creates difficulties in finding specific diagnostic criteria. Food addiction has been also described as "eating addiction" or "eating dependence" by several researchers, who placed the emphasis on the behavior and not on the food itself. High-sodium foods, artificially flavored-foods, rich carbohydrate- and saturated fats-containing foods are triggers for the activation of the same neural pathways, therefore they act similarly to any drug of abuse. Food addiction is considered a disorder based on functional negative consequences, associated distress and potential risks to both psychological well-being and physical health. A clinical scale was validated for the quantification of the eating addiction severity, namely the Yale Food Addiction Severity Scale (YFAS), constructed to match DSM IV criteria for substance dependence. Using this instrument, a high prevalence of food addiction was found in the general population, up to 20% according to a meta-analytic research. The pathogenesis of this entity is still uncertain, but reward dysfunction, impulsivity and emotion dysregulation have been considered basic mechanisms that trigger both eating dysfunctions and addictive behaviors. Genetic factors may be involved in this dependence, as modulators of higher carbohydrate and saturate fat craving. Regarding the existence of potential therapeutic solutions, lorcaserin, antiepileptic drugs, opioid antagonists, antiaddictive agents are recommended for obesity and eating disorders, and they may be intuitively used in food addiction, but clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy. In conclusion, a better understanding of food addiction's clinical profile and pathogenesis may help clinicians in finding prevention- and therapeutic-focused interventions in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Vasiliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Constant A, Moirand R, Thibault R, Val-Laillet D. Meeting of Minds around Food Addiction: Insights from Addiction Medicine, Nutrition, Psychology, and Neurosciences. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113564. [PMID: 33233694 PMCID: PMC7699750 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review, focused on food addiction (FA), considers opinions from specialists with different expertise in addiction medicine, nutrition, health psychology, and behavioral neurosciences. The concept of FA is a recurring issue in the clinical description of abnormal eating. Even though some tools have been developed to diagnose FA, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) questionnaire, the FA concept is not recognized as an eating disorder (ED) so far and is even not mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11). Its triggering mechanisms and relationships with other substance use disorders (SUD) need to be further explored. Food addiction (FA) is frequent in the overweight or obese population, but it remains unclear whether it could articulate with obesity-related comorbidities. As there is currently no validated therapy against FA in obese patients, FA is often underdiagnosed and untreated, so that FA may partly explain failure of obesity treatment, addiction transfer, and weight regain after obesity surgery. Future studies should assess whether a dedicated management of FA is associated with better outcomes, especially after obesity surgery. For prevention and treatment purposes, it is necessary to promote a comprehensive psychological approach to FA. Understanding the developmental process of FA and identifying precociously some high-risk profiles can be achieved via the exploration of the environmental, emotional, and cognitive components of eating, as well as their relationships with emotion management, some personality traits, and internalized weight stigma. Under the light of behavioral neurosciences and neuroimaging, FA reveals a specific brain phenotype that is characterized by anomalies in the reward and inhibitory control processes. These anomalies are likely to disrupt the emotional, cognitive, and attentional spheres, but further research is needed to disentangle their complex relationship and overlap with obesity and other forms of SUD. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment must rely on a multidisciplinary coherence to adapt existing strategies to FA management and to provide social and emotional support to these patients suffering from highly stigmatized medical conditions, namely overweight and addiction. Multi-level interventions could combine motivational interviews, cognitive behavioral therapies, and self-help groups, while benefiting from modern exploratory and interventional tools to target specific neurocognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymery Constant
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- EHESP, School of Public Health, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Romain Moirand
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Unité d’Addictologie, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Thibault
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Obesity and Related Type 2 Diabetes: A Failure of the Autonomic Nervous System Controlling Gastrointestinal Function? GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic spread of obesity and type 2 diabetes is a serious health problem that cannot be contained with common therapies. At present, the most effective therapeutic tool is metabolic surgery, which substantially modifies the gastrointestinal anatomical structure. This review reflects the state of the art research in obesity and type 2 diabetes, describing the probable reason for their spread, how the various brain sectors are involved (with particular emphasis on the role of the vagal system controlling different digestive functions), and the possible mechanisms for the effectiveness of bariatric surgery. According to the writer’s interpretation, the identification of drugs that can modulate the activity of some receptor subunits of the vagal neurons and energy-controlling structures of the central nervous system (CNS), and/or specific physical treatment of cortical areas, could reproduce, non-surgically, the positive effects of metabolic surgery.
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Perzia B, Ying GS, Dunaief JL, Dunaief DM. Once-Daily Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday (LIFE) Smoothie or the Full LIFE Diet Lowers C-Reactive Protein and Raises Plasma Beta-Carotene in 7 Days. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 16:753-764. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827620962458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is associated with increased risk for numerous inflammation-driven chronic diseases. A prior longitudinal study showed that the Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday (LIFE) diet, which is rich in dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), lowered CRP over a mean follow-up period of 6 months. In this retrospective study, we investigate whether patients who consume the LIFE diet or their regular diet plus one component of the LIFE diet (LIFE smoothie), experience reductions in high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in 7 days. Sixteen patients in a community practice met inclusion criteria. Patient compliance was assessed by patient interviews and measurements of beta-carotene, which is abundant in DGLV. Following the interventions, CRP decreased in both the LIFE diet (−0.47 mg/L, P = .02) and smoothie groups (−1.2 mg/L, P = .04). No statistically significant difference in reduction was observed between groups ( P = .18). Plasma beta-carotene increased in both groups (+23.2, P = .02; +20.6, P = .006, respectively). These findings suggest that the LIFE diet or a regular American diet supplemented with the LIFE smoothie may quickly reduce systemic inflammation and the risk of many chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Perzia
- Renaissance Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York (BP)
- Department of Ophthalmology (GSY), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology (JLD), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Medical Compass MD, Brooklyn, New York (DMD)
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Renaissance Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York (BP)
- Department of Ophthalmology (GSY), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology (JLD), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Medical Compass MD, Brooklyn, New York (DMD)
| | - Joshua L. Dunaief
- Renaissance Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York (BP)
- Department of Ophthalmology (GSY), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology (JLD), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Medical Compass MD, Brooklyn, New York (DMD)
| | - David M. Dunaief
- Renaissance Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York (BP)
- Department of Ophthalmology (GSY), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology (JLD), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Medical Compass MD, Brooklyn, New York (DMD)
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Carter A, Hardman CA, Burrows T. Food Addiction and Eating Addiction: Scientific Advances and Their Clinical, Social and Policy Implications. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051485. [PMID: 32443731 PMCID: PMC7284368 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Carter
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9902-9431
| | | | - Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
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Mazokopakis EE. Eating disorders are described as "psychosomatic passions" in the Christian Patristic Tradition. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 42:225-226. [PMID: 32159718 PMCID: PMC7115445 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias E Mazokopakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Hospital of Crete, Chania, Greece. Department of Theology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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O’Brien KS, Puhl RM, Latner JD, Lynott D, Reid JD, Vakhitova Z, Hunter JA, Scarf D, Jeanes R, Bouguettaya A, Carter A. The Effect of a Food Addiction Explanation Model for Weight Control and Obesity on Weight Stigma. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020294. [PMID: 31978983 PMCID: PMC7071011 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing scientific and public support for the notion that some foods may be addictive, and that poor weight control and obesity may, for some people, stem from having a food addiction. However, it remains unclear how a food addiction model (FAM) explanation for obesity and weight control will affect weight stigma. In two experiments (N = 530 and N = 690), we tested the effect of a food addiction explanation for obesity and weight control on weight stigma. In Experiment 1, participants who received a FAM explanation for weight control and obesity reported lower weight stigma scores (e.g., less dislike of ‘fat people’, and lower personal willpower blame) than those receiving an explanation emphasizing diet and exercise (F(4,525) = 7.675, p = 0.006; and F(4,525) = 5.393, p = 0.021, respectively). In Experiment 2, there was a significant group difference for the dislike of ‘fat people’ stigma measure (F(5,684) = 5.157, p = 0.006), but not for personal willpower weight stigma (F(5,684) = 0.217, p = 0.81). Participants receiving the diet and exercise explanation had greater dislike of ‘fat people’ than those in the FAM explanation and control group (p values < 0.05), with no difference between the FAM and control groups (p > 0.05). The FAM explanation for weight control and obesity did not increase weight stigma and resulted in lower stigma than the diet and exercise explanation that attributes obesity to personal control. The results highlight the importance of health messaging about the causes of obesity and the need for communications that do not exacerbate weight stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry S. O’Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rebecca M. Puhl
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Janet D. Latner
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI 96822, USA
| | - Dermot Lynott
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Jessica D. Reid
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Zarina Vakhitova
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - John A. Hunter
- Division of Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Damian Scarf
- Division of Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Jeanes
- Curriculum & Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Ayoub Bouguettaya
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian Carter
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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García-García I, Morys F, Michaud A, Dagher A. Food Addiction, Skating on Thin Ice: a Critical Overview of Neuroimaging Findings. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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