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Wang F, Gao S, Peng Q, Tan L, Chen S, Xia Z. Effects of Heat-Treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 Combined with Fibersol-2 on the Intestinal Health of Cats Submitted to an Abrupt Dietary Change: A Randomized Controlled Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2179. [PMID: 39123705 PMCID: PMC11311022 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abrupt dietary change can disrupt the intestinal balance in felines. This study aimed to assess the impact of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 on the intestinal health of adult cats before and after dietary change. We selected 24 British shorthair cats, dividing them into two groups. From day 1 to day 14, the control group received a lower protein (33%) concentration (LPF) diet, while the treated group received the same LPF diet supplemented with 0.16% functional additives, consisting of Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2. Subsequently, from day 15 to day 28, the control group transitioned to a higher protein (40%) concentration (HPF) diet, while the treated group received the same HPF diet supplemented with 0.16% functional additives. Blood and fresh feces were collected on day 0, 14, 17, 21, and 28 of the experiment. The results suggest that the use of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 may improve gastrointestinal function in cats by reducing serum LPS levels and fecal pH, while increasing fecal sIgA levels. In addition, the functional additive regulates the fecal microbiota and its function, promoting intestinal homeostasis and colonization with beneficial bacteria such as Blautia. Furthermore, on day 28, there was a significant difference in fecal microbiota beta diversity between the two groups. In summary, the addition of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 contributes to improving the intestinal health of adult cats affected by abrupt dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Siyuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Qianqian Peng
- ADM (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China; (Q.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Lili Tan
- ADM (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China; (Q.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.W.); (S.G.)
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Luzzi A, Briata IM, Di Napoli I, Giugliano S, Di Sabatino A, Rescigno M, Cena H. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics to adolescents in metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1433-1446. [PMID: 38704983 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has globally reached alarming dimensions and many adolescents affected by obesity already present one or more obesity-related comorbidities. In recent years, emerging evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases has been reported and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics as a strategy to manipulate gut microbiota has become popular. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome in adolescents and to discuss the potential use of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics for the prevention and treatment of this clinical picture in adolescence. According to the most recent literature, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics have no clear effect on MetS, but a possible modulation of anthropometric parameters has been observed after synbiotic supplementation. Only one study has examined the role of postbiotics in alleviating metabolic complications in children with obesity but not in adolescents. More extensive research is needed to support the conclusions drawn so far and to develop effective microbiome-based interventions that may help improving the quality of life of children and adolescents exposed to the increasing prevalence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Luzzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Post Graduate Course in Food Science and Human Nutrition, Università Statale di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of General Medicine, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Irene Maria Briata
- Post Graduate Course in Food Science and Human Nutrition, Università Statale di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Di Napoli
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Giugliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, 20072, Italy.
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; First Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, 20072, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of General Medicine, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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3
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Ma S, Wang Y, Ji X, Dong S, Wang S, Zhang S, Deng F, Chen J, Lin B, Khan BA, Liu W, Hou K. Relationship between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1364545. [PMID: 38868299 PMCID: PMC11168118 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1364545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of gestational diabetes mellitus characterized by insulin resistance and abnormal function of pancreatic beta cells. In recent years, genomic association studies have revealed risk and susceptibility genes associated with genetic susceptibility to GDM. However, genetic predisposition cannot explain the rising global incidence of GDM, which may be related to the increased influence of environmental factors, especially the gut microbiome. Studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of GDM. This paper reviews the relationship between gut microbiota and the pathological mechanism of GDM, in order to better understand the role of gut microbiota in GDM, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of gut microbiota in the treatment of related diseases. Methods The current research results on the interaction between GDM and gut microbiota were collected and analyzed through literature review. Keywords such as "GDM", "gut microbiota" and "insulin resistance" were used for literature search, and the methodology, findings and potential impact on the pathophysiology of GDM were systematically evaluated. Results It was found that the composition and diversity of gut microbiota were significantly associated with the occurrence and development of GDM. Specifically, the abundance of certain gut bacteria is associated with an increased risk of GDM, while other changes in the microbiome may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity. In addition, alterations in the gut microbiota may affect blood glucose control through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of short-chain fatty acids, activation of inflammatory pathways, and metabolism of the B vitamin group. Discussion The results of this paper highlight the importance of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of GDM. The regulation of the gut microbiota may provide new directions for the treatment of GDM, including improving insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control through the use of probiotics and prebiotics. However, more research is needed to confirm the generality and exact mechanisms of these findings and to explore potential clinical applications of the gut microbiota in the management of gestational diabetes. In addition, future studies should consider the interaction between environmental and genetic factors and how together they affect the risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ma
- Anhui Province Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ji
- Nursing Department, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sunjuan Dong
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiying Deng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxian Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Benwei Lin
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Weiting Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaijian Hou
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Di Vincenzo F, Del Gaudio A, Petito V, Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F. Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:275-293. [PMID: 37505311 PMCID: PMC10954893 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is the largest interface between the internal body and the external environment. The intestinal barrier is a dynamic system influenced by the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the activity of intercellular connections, regulated by hormones, dietary components, inflammatory mediators, and the enteric nervous system (ENS). Over the years, it has become increasingly evident that maintaining a stable intestinal barrier is crucial to prevent various potentially harmful substances and pathogens from entering the internal environment. Disruption of the barrier is referred to as 'leaky gut' or leaky gut wall syndrome and seems to be characterized by the release of bacterial metabolites and endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into the circulation. This condition, mainly caused by bacterial infections, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, exposure to alcohol or chronic allergens, and dysbiosis, appear to be highly connected with the development and/or progression of several metabolic and autoimmune systemic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In this review, starting from a description of the mechanisms that enable barrier homeostasis and analyzing the relationship between this complex ecosystem and various pathological conditions, we explore the role of the gut barrier in driving systemic inflammation, also shedding light on current and future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Vincenzo
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Del Gaudio
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
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Apalowo OE, Adegoye GA, Obuotor TM. Microbial-Based Bioactive Compounds to Alleviate Inflammation in Obesity. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1810-1831. [PMID: 38534735 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of obesity with several other metabolic disorders, including diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, has reached global pandemic proportions. Lifestyle changes may result in a persistent positive energy balance, hastening the onset of these age-related disorders and consequently leading to a diminished lifespan. Although suggestions have been raised on the possible link between obesity and the gut microbiota, progress has been hampered due to the extensive diversity and complexities of the gut microbiota. Being recognized as a potential biomarker owing to its pivotal role in metabolic activities, the dysregulation of the gut microbiota can give rise to a persistent low-grade inflammatory state associated with chronic diseases during aging. This chronic inflammatory state, also known as inflammaging, induced by the chronic activation of the innate immune system via the macrophage, is controlled by the gut microbiota, which links nutrition, metabolism, and the innate immune response. Here, we present the functional roles of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as bioactive compounds by underscoring their putative contributions to (1) the reduction in gut hyperpermeability due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inactivation, (2) increased intestinal barrier function as a consequence of the upregulation of tight junction proteins, and (3) inhibition of proinflammatory pathways, overall leading to the alleviation of chronic inflammation in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladayo Emmanuel Apalowo
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Grace Adeola Adegoye
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
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6
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Zhou S, Yang L, Hu L, Qin W, Cao Y, Tang Z, Li H, Hu X, Fang Z, Li S, Huang Z, Chen H. Blueberry extract alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation responses in mice through activating the FXR/TGR5 signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4638-4648. [PMID: 36935348 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberry extract (BE) is rich in phenols, especially anthocyanins. Anthocyanins regulate the inflammatory response in mice and may be related to gut microbiota and bile acid receptors. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of BE on the inflammatory response by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid receptors in mice administered Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHOD Thirty male KM mice were randomly divided into three groups: CON (control diet) group; LPS (LPS stimulation) group; and LPS + BE (LPS stimulation, 5% BE intervention) group. RESULTS our results showed that, compared with the LPS group, the addition of BE decreased the level of inflammatory factors in serum and tissues, inhibited the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, protected the intestinal barrier and activated FXR/TGR5, which was related to gut microbiota (especially Akkermansia). The active component (e.g., cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, C3G) in BE may be an important factor in regulating gut microbiota. CONCLUSION BE alleviated the inflammatory response mainly by activating bile acid receptor expression and regulating the gut microbiota; this effect may be related to the composition of bioactive substances in BE. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinjie Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
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7
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Liu Y, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Lepp D, Tsao R, Sadakiyo T, Zhang H, Mine Y. Regulatory Effect of Isomaltodextrin on a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model with LPS-Induced Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11258-11273. [PMID: 36041062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effects of isomaltodextrin (IMD) on sustaining the gut integrity and microbiota composition in a high-fat diet (HFD) with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced low-grade inflammation mouse model. The homeostasis of the immune response is important to reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndromes. The results of this study showed that pre-treatment of IMD at 5% (w/v) suppressed the concentration of endotoxin and pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 while increasing the adiponectin level in the plasma. Subsequently, IMD supplementation maintained the structural integrity and intestinal permeability by upregulating the tight junction protein expressions, leading to reducing D-mannitol concentration in the blood. In addition, dysbiosis was observed in mice induced by HFD plus LPS, suggesting that unhealthy dietary factors elicit metabolic endotoxemia and associated dysbiosis to impair the barrier function. However, IMD supplementation was shown to restore the microbial diversity, promote the growth of Bacteroides-Prevotella, and upregulate the related d-glucarate and d-galactarate degradation pathways, together demonstrating the benefits of IMD as a prebiotic able to promote energy homeostasis. Our results also showed that the blood lipid profile and glucose level in the low-grade inflammation mouse model were modulated by IMD. Moreover, IMD supplementation effectively prevented the metabolic disorder and modulated immune responses in inflamed white adipose tissues by inhibiting the macrophage infiltration and restoring the adiponectin, PPAR-γ, and IRS-1 expression. These findings provide strong evidence for IMD to be a potential prebiotic that acts to sustain a healthy gut microbiota composition and barrier function. By protecting against an unhealthy diet-impaired metabolic balance and maintaining immune homeostasis, IMD may affect the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuhan Zeng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Tsuyoshi Sadakiyo
- Food System Solutions Division, Hayashibara CO., LTD., 525-3 Kuwano, Naka-ku, Okayama 702-8002, Japan
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
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Wang X, Tang L, Ping W, Su Q, Ouyang S, Su J. Progress in Research on the Alleviation of Glucose Metabolism Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cyclocarya paliurus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153169. [PMID: 35956345 PMCID: PMC9370411 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of diabetes is increasing annually, and China has the largest number of patients with diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes need lifelong medication, with severe cases requiring surgery. Diabetes treatment may cause complications, side-effects, and postoperative sequelae that could lead to adverse health problems and significant social and economic burdens; thus, more efficient hypoglycemic drugs have become a research hotspot. Glucose metabolism disorders can promote diabetes, a systemic metabolic disease that impairs the function of other organs, including the heart, liver, and kidneys. Cyclocarya paliurus leaves have gathered increasing interest among researchers because of their effectiveness in ameliorating glucose metabolism disorders. At present, various compounds have been isolated from C. paliurus, and the main active components include polysaccharides, triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. C. paliurus mainly ameliorates glucose metabolism disorders by reducing glucose uptake, regulating blood lipid levels, regulating the insulin signaling pathway, reducing β-cell apoptosis, increasing insulin synthesis and secretion, regulating abundances of intestinal microorganisms, and exhibiting α-glucosidase inhibitor activity. In this paper, the mechanism of glucose metabolism regulation by C. paliurus was reviewed to provide a reference to prevent and treat diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Songying Ouyang
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (J.S.); Tel./Fax: +86-0591-22868199 (S.O.); +86-0591-22868830 (J.S.)
| | - Jingqian Su
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (J.S.); Tel./Fax: +86-0591-22868199 (S.O.); +86-0591-22868830 (J.S.)
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9
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Kocot AM, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Drabińska N. Overview of the Importance of Biotics in Gut Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052896. [PMID: 35270039 PMCID: PMC8911280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased gut permeability is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of a growing number of disorders. The altered intestinal barrier and the subsequent translocation of bacteria or bacterial products into the internal milieu of the human body induce the inflammatory state. Gut microbiota maintains intestinal epithelium integrity. Since dysbiosis contributes to increased gut permeability, the interventions that change the gut microbiota and correct dysbiosis are suggested to also restore intestinal barrier function. In this review, the current knowledge on the role of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics) in maintaining the intestinal barrier function is summarized. The potential outcome of the results from in vitro and animal studies is presented, and the need for further well-designed randomized clinical trials is highlighted. Moreover, we indicate the need to understand the mechanisms by which biotics regulate the function of the intestinal barrier. This review is concluded with the future direction and requirement of studies involving biotics and gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maria Kocot
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Jarocka-Cyrta
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Regional Specialized Children’s Hospital, Żołnierska St. 18A, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Fang F, Diatta A, Simsek S, Torres‐Aguilar P, Watanabe H, Higashiyama T, Campanella OH, Hamaker BR. Effect of isomaltodextrin on dough rheology and bread quality. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
- Department of Food Science Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | - Aminata Diatta
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
- Department of Food Science Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58108 USA
| | - Pablo Torres‐Aguilar
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
- Department of Food Science Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Hayashibara Co., Ltd. 675‐1 Fujisaki, Naka‐ku Okayama 702‐8006 Japan
| | | | - Osvaldo H. Campanella
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology The Ohio State University 2015 Fyffe Road Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Bruce R. Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
- Department of Food Science Purdue University 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
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Mokwena MAM, Engwa GA, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Sewani-Rusike CR. Athrixia phylicoides tea infusion (bushman tea) improves adipokine balance, glucose homeostasis and lipid parameters in a diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:292. [PMID: 34844584 PMCID: PMC8628465 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central obesity and insulin resistance are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) which is aggravated by diet and sedentary lifestyle. Athrixia phylicoides (AP) is reported by rural communities to have medicinal benefits associated with MetS such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of AP on diet-induced MetS in Wistar rats to validate its ethnopharmacological use. METHODS AP was profiled for phytochemicals by LC-MS. After induction of MetS with high energy diet (HED), 30 male rats were divided into five treatment groups (n = 6): normal diet control, HED control, HED + AP 50 mg/Kg BW, HED + AP 100 mg/Kg BW and HED + 50 mg/Kg BW metformin. The rats were treated daily for 8 weeks orally after which weight gain, visceral fat, total cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs) and adipokine regulation; leptin: adiponectin ratio (LAR) were assessed. Also, glucose homeostatic parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4), insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. RESULTS Findings showed that AP was rich in polyphenols. The HED control group showed derangements of the selected blood parameters of MetS. AP reversed diet-induced weight gain by reducing visceral fat, total blood cholesterol and circulating FFAs (p ≤ 0.05). Treatment with AP improved adipokine regulation depicted by reduced LAR (p<0.05). Treatment with AP improved parameters of glucose homeostasis as demonstrated by reduced FBG and HOMA-IR (p ≤ 0.05) and increased GLUT 4 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Athrixia phylicoides tea infusion was shown to possess anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties, improved glucose uptake and reduce insulin resistance in diet-induced MetS in rats which could be attributed to its richness in polyphenols. Therefore, AP could have potential benefits against type 2 diabetes and obesity which are components of MetS validating its ethnopharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madigoahle A M Mokwena
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Godwill Azeh Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Constance R Sewani-Rusike
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa.
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Li HY, Zhou DD, Gan RY, Huang SY, Zhao CN, Shang A, Xu XY, Li HB. Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on Metabolic Diseases Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093211. [PMID: 34579087 PMCID: PMC8470858 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are serious threats to public health and related to gut microbiota. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics (PPSP) are powerful regulators of gut microbiota, thus possessing prospects for preventing metabolic diseases. Therefore, the effects and mechanisms of PPSP on metabolic diseases targeting gut microbiota are worth discussing and clarifying. Generally, PPSP benefit metabolic diseases management, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The underlying gut microbial-related mechanisms are mainly the modulation of gut microbiota composition, regulation of gut microbial metabolites, and improvement of intestinal barrier function. Moreover, clinical trials showed the benefits of PPSP on patients with metabolic diseases, while the clinical strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus, optimal formula of synbiotics and health benefits of postbiotics need further study. This review fully summarizes the relationship between probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and metabolic diseases, presents promising results and the one in dispute, and especially attention is paid to illustrates potential mechanisms and clinical effects, which could contribute to the next research and development of PPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8733-2391
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Quality Evaluation, Storage Stability, and Sensory Characteristics of Wheat Noodles Incorporated with Isomaltodextrin. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030578. [PMID: 33803775 PMCID: PMC8003340 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat noodles incorporated with isomaltodextrin were assessed in relation to physicochemical properties (color), microstructure features, biochemical composition (fiber profile), cooking properties, textural attributes, and sensory evaluations during different storage temperatures (25, 4, −20 °C) and periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 months). Meanwhile, an accelerated study was also carried out at 40 °C storage conditions for 12 months to evaluate the fiber profile changes. Under different conditions, the overall quality of both raw and cooked noodle samples depended slightly on both the type and amount of added fiber isomaltodextrin, resistant starch (RS), insoluble high-molecular-weight dietary fiber (IHMWDF), and soluble high-molecular-weight dietary fiber (SHMWDF). However, this significantly changed for the fiber profile under 40 °C of storage for 12 months. Cooking quality, fiber profile, and color parameter did not differ by storage at −20 °C after 24 months than at 0 months, and noodles only slightly differed in texture and sensory characteristics. On sensory analysis, noodle samples were acceptable by panelists, with an acceptability score >5. In short, storage temperature is one of the most important factors in preserving food stability and retail properties. Isomaltodextrin noodles samples should be stored at low temperature to preserve the product functionality.
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Resistant Maltodextrin Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Intestinal Inflammatory Injury by Increasing Butyric Acid to Inhibit Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7694734. [PMID: 33015180 PMCID: PMC7519446 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7694734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one kind of intestinal chronic inflammatory disease, is characterized by colonic epithelial barrier injury, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, and fewer short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present study is aimed at testing the hypothesis that resistant maltodextrin (RM), a soluble dietary fiber produced by starch debranching, alleviated dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis in mice. Female C57BL/6 mice with or without oral administration of 50 mg/kg RM for 19 days were challenged with 3% DSS in drinking water to induce colitis (from day 14 to day 19). Although RM could not reverse DSS-induced weight loss or colon shortening, it reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial damage in colon tissue, as well as the transfer of intestinal permeability indicators including serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (D-LA). ELISA analysis indicated that RM significantly suppressed the increase of Th1 cytokines induced by DSS in the colon such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-17, and IL-8 in the DSS group were significantly higher than those in the control group and RM group, but no significant difference was observed in the RM-DSS group compared with the RM group. Interestingly, IL-10 levels of the DSS group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. With respect to SCFAs, DSS administration significantly decreased the concentration of faecal butyric acid while the RM-DSS group showed a tendency to increase (P = 0.08). In general, RM alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced intestinal inflammation through increasing the level of butyric acid and subsequently inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Sex-Specific Differences in the Gut Microbiome in Response to Dietary Fiber Supplementation in IL-10-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072088. [PMID: 32679670 PMCID: PMC7400915 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in studying dietary fiber to stimulate microbiome changes that might prevent or alleviate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, dietary fiber effects have shown varying degrees of efficacy, for reasons that are unclear. This study examined whether the effects of isomaltodextrin on gut microbiota and IBD were dependent on dose or host sex, using an Interleukin (IL)-10 deficient murine colitis model. After 12 weeks, colonic IL-12p70 was depressed in male mice receiving high-dose isomaltodextrin supplementation compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Male mice receiving high-dose isomaltodextrin exhibited changes in microbial alpha-diversity, including enhanced richness and evenness (p = 0.01) and limited reduction in the relative abundance of Coprococcus (q = 0.08), compared to the control group. These microbial compositional changes were negatively associated with IL-12p70 levels in the male group (rs ≤ −0.51, q ≤ 0.08). In contrast, female mice receiving isomaltodextrin displayed a reduction in alpha-diversity and Coprococcus abundance and a high level of IL-12p70, as did the control group. Together, these results indicate that isomaltodextrin altered the gut microbial composition linking specific immune-regulatory cytokine responses, while the interactions among fiber, microbiota and immune response were dose dependent and largely sex specific. The results further indicate that interactions between environmental and host factors can affect microbiome manipulation in the host.
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