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Chen M, Ye S, Deng M, Zhang L, Yu S. Enzyme-esterified grape seed proanthocyanidin derivatives as novel lipid-lowering agents. Food Res Int 2024; 193:114860. [PMID: 39160055 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP), as a natural antioxidant, has great potential to be developed into a lipid-lowering agent, but its low lipophilicity and stability greatly limit its application. In this study, an enzymatic esterification strategy was developed to introduce fatty acid chains into GSP, resulting in the successful synthesis of a series of new GSP derivatives. The results showed that up to 85% conversion of GSP and 35% TAG inhibition rate of GSP derivatives were achieved. The structures of GSP derivatives were identified by UPLC-MS/MS, and seven derivatives were confirmed as catechin-3'-O-laurate, epicatechin-3'-O-laurate, epicatechin gallate-3″,5″-di-O-laurate, epicatechin gallate-3',3″,5″-tri-O-laurate, procyanidin B1-3',3″-di-O-laurate, procyanidin B2-3',3″-di-O-laurate and procyanidin C1-3',3″,3‴-tri-O-laurate by NMR. GSP derivatives exhibited higher inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation, intracellular TAG and TC than parent GSP. These results indicate that GSP derivatives have potential as lipid-lowering agents for utilization in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshun Chen
- School of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Susu Ye
- National Research and Development Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Mei Deng
- National Research and Development Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Research and Development Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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2
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Baghel RS, Choudhary B, Pandey S, Pathak PK, Patel MK, Mishra A. Rehashing Our Insight of Seaweeds as a Potential Source of Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Pharmaceuticals. Foods 2023; 12:3642. [PMID: 37835294 PMCID: PMC10573080 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In a few Southeast Asian nations, seaweeds have been a staple of the cuisine since prehistoric times. Seaweeds are currently becoming more and more popular around the world due to their superior nutritional value and medicinal properties. This is because of rising seaweed production on a global scale and substantial research on their composition and bioactivities over the past 20 years. By reviewing several articles in the literature, this review aimed to provide comprehensive information about the primary and secondary metabolites and various classes of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and essential fatty acids, along with their bioactivities, in a single article. This review also highlights the potential of seaweeds in the development of nutraceuticals, with a particular focus on their ability to enhance human health and overall well-being. In addition, we discuss the challenges and potential opportunities associated with the advancement of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals derived from seaweeds, as well as their incorporation into different industrial sectors. Furthermore, we find that many bioactive constituents found in seaweeds have demonstrated potential in terms of different therapeutic attributes, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other properties. In conclusion, seaweed-based bioactive compounds have a huge potential to play an important role in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors. However, future research should pay more attention to developing efficient techniques for the extraction and purification of compounds as well as their toxicity analysis, clinical efficacy, mode of action, and interactions with regular diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S. Baghel
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Panaji 403004, Goa, India;
| | - Babita Choudhary
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonika Pandey
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Li Z, Wang Y, Liu J, Chen D, Feng G, Chen M, Feng Y, Zhang R, Yan X. The potential role of alfalfa polysaccharides and their sulphated derivatives in the alleviation of obesity. Food Funct 2023; 14:7586-7602. [PMID: 37526987 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated alfalfa polysaccharides (SAPs) as derivatives of alfalfa polysaccharides (APs) showed better in vitro antioxidant activity and potential obesity inhibition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanisms of APs and SAPs on obesity alleviation. Different concentrations of APs and SAPs were tested for effects on body conditions, gut flora, antioxidant capacity, and immunological factors. The results showed that APs and SAPs improved the physical conditions of obese mice, including organ weight, body weight, intraperitoneal fat ratio, and lipid levels. APs and SAPs increased the antioxidant capacity of the obese mice, enhanced the activity of SOD and CAT, and decreased the activity of MDA in the serum, liver, and colon. APs and SAPs upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and downregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the liver and colon. Meanwhile, APs and SAPs improved lipid absorption in the jejunum, upregulated LXR and GLP-2, and down-regulated the mRNA expression of NPC1L1. APs and SAPs also contributed to restoring short-chain fatty acid levels in the colon. APs and SAPs improved the structure of the intestinal flora, promoted the proliferation of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid metabolism, and inhibited the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. At the same concentration, the effect of SAPs on the antioxidant capacity was stronger than that of APs. In the AP group, high concentrations of APs showed the best anti-inflammatory effect, while in the SAP group, medium concentrations of SAPs showed the best inhibition of inflammation. Our results suggest that APs and SAPs alleviate obesity symptoms by relieving inflammation, improving the antioxidant capacity, and regulating intestinal flora and therefore could be used as potential probiotic products to alleviate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Guilan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Min Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Yuxi Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Xuebing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
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Begolli R, Chatziangelou M, Samiotaki M, Goutas A, Barda S, Goutzourelas N, Kevrekidis DP, Malea P, Trachana V, Liu M, Lin X, Kollatos N, Stagos D, Giakountis A. Transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals the anti-cancer properties of Hypnea musciformis marine macroalga extract in liver and intestinal cancer cells. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:71. [PMID: 37525271 PMCID: PMC10388463 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine seaweeds are considered as a rich source of health-promoting compounds by the food and pharmaceutical industry. Hypnea musciformis is a marine red macroalga (seaweed) that is widely distributed throughout the world, including the Mediterranean Sea. It is known to contain various bioactive compounds, including sulfated polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phlorotannins. Recent studies have investigated the potential anticancer effects of extracts from H. musciformis demonstrating their cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. The anticancer effects of these extracts are thought to be due to the presence of bioactive compounds, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, which have been shown to have anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie their anticancer effects and to determine their potential as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. METHODS H. musciformis was collected from the Aegean Sea (Greece) and used for extract preparation. Transcriptome and proteome analysis was performed in liver and colon cancer human cell lines following treatment with H. musciformis seaweed extracts to characterize its anticancer effect in detail at the molecular level and to link transcriptome and proteome responses to the observed phenotypes in cancer cells. RESULTS We have identified that treatment with the seaweed extract triggers a p53-mediated response at the transcriptional and protein level in liver cancer cells, in contrast to colon cancer cells in which the effects are more associated with metabolic changes. Furthermore, we show that in treated HepG2 liver cancer cells, p53 interacts with the chromatin of several target genes and facilitates their upregulation possibly through the recruitment of the p300 co-activator. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the available evidence suggests that extracts from H. musciformis have the potential to serve as a source of anticancer agents in liver cancer cells mainly through activation of a p53-mediated anti-tumor response that is linked to inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodiola Begolli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Myrto Chatziangelou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofia Barda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Phaedon Kevrekidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, 12 Binhai Rd, Qinzhou, 535011, Guangxi, China
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Antonis Giakountis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
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Lee HG, Jeon YJ, Kang MC. Fucoidan from Sargassum thunbergii obtained via step gradient ethanol precipitation indicate potential anti-obesity and anti-hepatic steatosis in vitro 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells and in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113686. [PMID: 36828168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential lipid inhibitory and anti-obesity effects of compounds derived from Sargassum thunbergii in vitro and in vivo. We prepared a Celluclast-assisted hydrolysate from Sargassum thunbergii (STC) and three fractional ethanol precipitates (STCF1, STCF2, STCF3). We investigated their proximate composition, and anti-obesity effects in vitro and in vivo. STC and STCFs all significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation in PA-treated 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells. STC, STCF1, and STCF3 had profound anti-obesity effects on high fat diet (HFD)-fed obesity model mice. Oral administration of STC, STCF1, and STCF3 significantly reduced body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. Furthermore, serum lipid levels were significantly decreased. Additionally, adipose specific hormone levels (adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21)) were significantly decreased, and serum insulin levels were also decreased by STC, STCF1, and STCF3 treatment. A mechanistic study revealed that the adipogenesis and lipolysis associated proteins in epididymal adipose tissue, and free fatty acid oxidation in liver tissues were effectively regulated by STC, STCF1, and STCF3. Overall, our findings show the potent anti-obesity effects of STC, STCF1, and STCF3, achieved by regulation of adipogenesis, lipolysis, and the fatty acid oxidation pathway in HFD-treated obesity model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Men X, Han X, Lee SJ, Park KT, Han JK, Choi SI, Lee OH. Anti-adipogenic Effects of Sulforaphane-rich Ingredient with Broccoli Sprout and Mustard Seed in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:526-538. [PMID: 35577064 DOI: 10.1055/a-1853-7101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA) is a precursor of sulforaphane (SFN), which can be synthesized by the enzyme myrosinase. In this study, we developed and validated HPLC analytical methods for the determination of GRA and SFN in mustard seed powder (MSP), broccoli sprout powder (BSP), and the MSP-BSP mixture powder (MBP), and evaluated their anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that the analysis methods were suitable for the determination of GRA and SFN in MSP, BSP, and MBP. The content of GRA in BSP was 131.11 ± 1.84 µmol/g, and the content of SFN in MBP was 162.29 ± 1.24 µmol/g. In addition, BSP and MBP effectively decreased lipid accumulation content without any cytotoxicity. Both BSP and MBP significantly inhibited the expression of adipogenic proteins and increased the expression of proteins related to lipolysis and lipid metabolism. BSP and MBP inhibited the expression of adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, BSP and MBP also increased the expression of the lipolysis-related proteins, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1). Moreover, MBP exerted anti-adipogenic to a greater extent than BSP in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresourece Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Han
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresourece Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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7
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Park MH, Kim HJ, Han JS. Pheophorbide A isolated from Gelidium amansii inhibits adipogenesis by regulating adipogenic transcription factors and AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2022; 107:187-194. [PMID: 36323192 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte lipid accumulation causes adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue increment, leading to obesity. As part of our efforts to isolate antiobesity agents from natural products, we first isolated the active compound from the extract of Gelidium amansii through bioassay-guided fractionation. We then hypothesized that pheophorbide A isolated from G amansii inhibits adipogenesis by downregulating adipogenic transcription factors; therefore, the antiadipogenic effects of pheophorbide A were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. On differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes, they were treated with pheophorbide A (0-83 µM). Pheophorbide A inhibited triglyceride accumulation (half maximal inhibitory concentration = 114.2 µM) and stimulated glycerol release in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, pheophorbide A significantly decreased leptin concentrations in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Pheophorbide A inhibited adipogenesis by suppressing the expression of adipogenic transcriptional factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCATT/enhancer binding protein α, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, and fatty acid synthase. It also induced the expression of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Therefore, these results suggest that pheophorbide A may be useful for preventing or treating obesity because of its inhibitory effect on adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hwa Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health and Welfare, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Ju Kim
- Seojin Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeoggi 17015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Prabhakar L, Davis G DJ. Computational study of potential inhibitors for fat mass and obesity-associated protein from seaweed and plant compounds. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14256. [PMID: 36299509 PMCID: PMC9590420 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past three decades, with substantial changes in lifestyle, the tendency to gain weight has increased, which is resulting in significant consequences affecting an individual's well-being. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is involved in food intake and energy expenditure and plays a crucial role in regulating homeostasis and controlling energy expenditure by hindering signals that generate from the brain. Edible seaweeds have been shown to enhance satiety owing to their health benefits. Methods Extensive screening of plant-derived anti-obesity compounds and seaweed compounds was conducted and validated for ADME properties and toxicity prediction. Further, the top ranked compounds were docked against the FTO protein to identify potential inhibitors and were subjected to molecular dynamic simulation studies to understand the binding stability of ligand protein complex. Finally, MM/PBSA studies were performed to calculate the binding free energy of the protein-ligand complexes. Results Through the virtual screening of 1,210 compounds, 443 compounds showed good docking scores less than -7.00 kcal/mol. Drug likeness screenings of 443 compounds showed that only 369 compounds were in accordance with these properties. Further toxicity prediction resulted in 30 non-toxic compounds. Molecular docking studies revealed four top ranked marine compounds. Finally, RL074 (2-hydroxyluzofuranone B) and RL442 (10-acetoxyangasiol) from marine red alga Laurencia sp showed good stability from molecular dynamic simulation studies. MM/PBSA results revealed that BT012 (24ε-hydroperoxy-6β-hydroxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,-28(29)-dien-3-one), an oxygenated fucosterol from brown alga Turbinaria conoides, possessed higher binding energy. Hence, with all the data obtained it could be concluded that three seaweed compounds, BT012, RL074 and RL442, may act as a potential anti-obesity lead compound in targeting FTO.
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Guo SS, Wang ZG. Glyceroglycolipids in marine algae: A review of their pharmacological activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1008797. [PMID: 36339569 PMCID: PMC9633857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1008797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceroglycolipids are major metabolites of marine algae and have a wide range of applications in medicine, cosmetics, and chemistry research fields. They are located on the cell surface membranes. Together with glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, known as the glycocalyx, they play critical roles in multiple cellular functions and signal transduction and have several biological properties such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, anti-viral activity, and anti-tumor immunity. This article focused on the sources and pharmacological effects of glyceroglycolipids, which are naturally present in various marine algae, including planktonic algae and benthic algae, with the aim to highlight the promising potential of glyceroglycolipids in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-sha Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-guo Wang,
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10
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Edible Vitalmelon Fruit Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2369650. [PMID: 36193302 PMCID: PMC9526598 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2369650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Conventional breeding of wild (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino (CM)) and cultivated (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus (CR)) melons is aimed at improving their biological traits. Here, we prepared a nontoxic, bioactive extract of vitalmelon (F1 hybrid) and evaluated its antiadipogenic and antiobesity effects in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese C57BL/6 mice. In fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the vitalmelon extract reduced the DMI- (dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and insulin-) induced increases in lipid droplet number and intracellular glucose and triglyceride levels. In addition, the extract inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by downregulating PPAR-γ and target genes LPL, CD36, HMGCR, and L-FABP. To investigate the inhibitory effects of the vitalmelon extract on lipid metabolism, we measured serum lipid, hormone, and cytokine concentrations; lipolytic activity; lipid accumulation; and adipogenesis in HFD-fed mice treated with the extract. The HFD+vitalmelon-fed mice showed lower blood cholesterol, free fatty acid, sugar, leptin, and insulin concentrations but higher blood adiponectin concentrations than the HFD-fed mice. Moreover, the HFD+vitalmelon-fed mice showed lower abdominal fat levels, smaller fat cells, lower weight, and fewer lipid droplets in the liver tissue than the HFD-fed mice. Therefore, in HFD-fed mice, vitalmelon regulated lipid metabolism through PPAR-γ, highlighting its potential as a promising antiobesity functional food.
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11
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Men X, Han X, Lee SJ, Oh G, Park KT, Han JK, Choi SI, Lee OH. Anti-Obesogenic Effects of Sulforaphane-Rich Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Sprouts and Myrosinase-Rich Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) Seeds in Vitro and in Vivo. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183814. [PMID: 36145190 PMCID: PMC9505190 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA), a glucosinolate particularly abundant in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) sprouts, can be converted to sulforaphane (SFN) by the enzyme myrosinase. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesogenic effects of broccoli sprout powder (BSP), mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed powder (MSP), and sulforaphane-rich MSP-BSP mixture powder (MBP) in bisphenol A (BPA)-induced 3T3-L1 cells and obese C57BL/6J mice. In vitro experiments showed that MBP, BSP, and MSP have no cytotoxic effects. Moreover, MBP and BSP inhibited the lipid accumulation in BPA-induced 3T3-L1 cells. In BPA-induced obese mice, BSP and MBP treatment inhibited body weight gain and ameliorated dyslipidemia. Furthermore, our results showed that BSP and MBP could activate AMPK, which increases ACC phosphorylation, accompanied by the upregulation of lipolysis-associated proteins (UCP-1 and CPT-1) and downregulation of adipogenesis-related proteins (C/EBP-α, FAS, aP2, PPAR-γ, and SREBP-1c), both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, MBP exerted a greater anti-obesogenic effect than BSP. Taken together, these findings indicate that BSP and MBP could inhibit BPA-induced adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis by increasing the expression of the proteins related to lipid metabolism and lipolysis, effectively treating BPA-induced obesity. Thus, BSP and MBP can be developed as effective anti-obesogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresourece Co., Ltd., Seoul 05542, Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Han
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresourece Co., Ltd., Seoul 05542, Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-I.C.); (O.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6454 (S.-I.C.); +82-33-250-6454 (O.-H.L.); Fax: +82-33-259-5561 (S.-I.C.); +82-33-259-5561 (O.-H.L.)
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-I.C.); (O.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6454 (S.-I.C.); +82-33-250-6454 (O.-H.L.); Fax: +82-33-259-5561 (S.-I.C.); +82-33-259-5561 (O.-H.L.)
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12
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Kim D, Yan J, Bak J, Park J, Lee H, Kim H. Sargassum thunbergii Extract Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating AMPK Activation and the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162529. [PMID: 36010531 PMCID: PMC9407432 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens ex Roth) Kuntze (ST) is a brown alga rich in indole-2-carboxaldehyde. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of ethanol extract from ST in in vitro and in vivo models. In 3T3-L1 cells, ST extract significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes while lowering adipogenic genes (C/epba and Pparg) and enhancing metabolic sensors (Ampk, Sirt1), thermogenic genes (Pgc-1a, Ucp1), and proteins (p-AMPK/AMPK and UCP1). During animal investigation, mice were administered a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HF), or an HF diet supplemented with ST extract (at dosages of 150 and 300 mg/kg bw per day) for 8 weeks (n = 10/group). ST extract administration decreased weight gain, white adipose tissue weight, LDL-cholesterol, and serum leptin levels while improving glucose intolerance. In addition, ST extract increased the expression of Ampk and Sirt1 in adipose tissue and in the liver, as well as p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in the liver, compared to HF-fed mice. The abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the feces increased in response to ST extract administration, although levels of Romboutsia ilealis decreased compared with those in HF-fed mice. ST extract could prevent obesity in HF-fed mice via the modulation of AMPK activation and gut microbiota composition.
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Chaves Filho GP, Batista LANC, de Medeiros SRB, Rocha HAO, Moreira SMG. Sulfated Glucan from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa sertularioides Inhibits Adipogenesis through Suppression of Adipogenic and Lipogenic Key Factors. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080470. [PMID: 35892938 PMCID: PMC9331110 DOI: 10.3390/md20080470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) from seaweeds have great biochemical and biotechnological potential. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SPS isolated from the seaweed Caulerpa sertularioides on adipogenic differentiation as a possible alternative treatment for obesity. The SPS-rich extract from the seaweed C. sertularioides was fractioned into three SPS-rich fractions (F0.5; F0.9; and F1.8) chemically characterized. Among these four samples, only F0.9 showed a significant inhibitory effect on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Ten SPS-rich fractions were isolated from F0.9 through ion-exchange chromatography. However, only the fraction (CS0.2) containing a sulfated glucan was able to inhibit adipogenesis. CS0.2 reduces lipid accumulation and inhibits the expression of key adipogenic (PPARγ, C/EBPβ, and C/EBPα) and lipogenic markers (SREBP-1c, Fabp4, and CD36). The data points to the potential of sulfated glucan from C. sertularioides for the development of functional approaches in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildacio Pereira Chaves Filho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Biology, Department of Biology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil; (G.P.C.F.); (S.R.B.d.M.)
- The Doctoral Program in Biotechnology—Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil;
| | - Lucas Alighieri Neves Costa Batista
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers, Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Biology, Department of Biology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil; (G.P.C.F.); (S.R.B.d.M.)
- The Doctoral Program in Biotechnology—Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil;
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- The Doctoral Program in Biotechnology—Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers, Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil;
| | - Susana Margarida Gomes Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Biology, Department of Biology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil; (G.P.C.F.); (S.R.B.d.M.)
- The Doctoral Program in Biotechnology—Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-900, RN, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-84-3211-9209; Fax: +55-84-3215-3346-29
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14
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Kang MC, Lee HG, Lee SH, Song KM, Kim HS, Kim S, Choi YS, Jeon YJ. Sargassum horneri inhibits fat accumulation via up-regulation of thermogenesis in obese mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Lee HG, Jayawardena TU, Song KM, Choi YS, Jeon YJ, Kang MC. Dietary fucoidan from a brown marine algae (Ecklonia cava) attenuates lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112862. [PMID: 35157925 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan from marine algae is used as a functional ingredient in the food. Here, we purified fucoidan fractions from a crude polysaccharide obtained after the crude polysaccharide of celluclast-assisted hydrolysate from Ecklonia cava (ECC). We evaluated the effect of ECC on lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and investigated its anti-obesity effects in vivo in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vitro Oil Red O staining revealed that treatment with ECC and its purified fucoidan fractions of celluclast assisted hydrolysate from Ecklonia cava (ECFs) remarkably reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. ECF3 contained the highest contents of polysaccharides and sulfate compared with other fucoidan fractions. ECF3 treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Oral administration of ECC significantly reduced body weight, body weight gain, serum lipid content, and total white adipose tissue mass. Histological analysis revealed that ECC reduced lipid accumulation in EAT and liver tissues. Our findings suggest that the anti-obesity effects of ECC are associated with suppressing lipid accumulation in white adipose tissues and increased energy expenditure by upregulating the expression of thermogenic UCP1 and UCP3 in BAT. These results indicate that ECC and its ECFs possess anti-obesity properties and can be used in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ma Z, Sun Q, Chang L, Peng J, Zhang M, Ding X, Zhang Q, Liu G, Liu X, Lan Y. A natural anti-obesity reagent derived from sea buckthorn polysaccharides: Structure characterization and anti-obesity evaluation in vivo. Food Chem 2021; 375:131884. [PMID: 34953239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn polysaccharide (SBP) has received increasing attention for its various bioactive functions. In this study, a novel polysaccharide SBP-1 was initially separated from crude SBP and further purified to obtain its main fraction SBP-1-A with a Mw of 9944 Da, consisting of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc, and GalA. The structure of SBP-1-A was characterized based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and 1D/2D NMR, and its backbone was composed of a repeated unit of → 3,4)-β-l-Rhap-(1 → 4)-α-d-GalAp-(1 → 4)-α-d-GalAp-(1 → with branches at C-4 position comprised of α-l-Araf, β-d-Galp, β-d-Glcp, α-d-Glcp. Besides, the anti-obesity effects of SBP-1 on high-fat diet mice were evaluated, indicating it could restrain the body weight gain and lipids accumulation by promoting the expression of PGC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM16 to activate the brown adipocyte and improve the thermogenesis. In summary, the results offered new supports for the structural information of SBP and its feasibility to be used as a natural anti-obesity reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qingyang Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lili Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xuechao Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Guoku Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ying Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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17
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Polat S, Trif M, Rusu A, Šimat V, Čagalj M, Alak G, Meral R, Özogul Y, Polat A, Özogul F. Recent advances in industrial applications of seaweeds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-30. [PMID: 34875930 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2010646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds have been generally utilized as food and alternative medicine in different countries. They are specifically used as a raw material for wine, cheese, soup, tea, noodles, etc. In addition, seaweeds are potentially good resources of protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids and dietary fiber. The quality and quantity of biologically active compounds in seaweeds depend on season and harvesting period, seaweed geolocation as well as ecological factors. Seaweeds or their extracts have been studied as innovative sources for a variety of bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, carrageenan, fucoidan, etc. These secondary metabolites have been shown to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-obesity and anti-tumour properties. They have been used in pharmaceutical/medicine, and food industries since bioactive compounds from seaweeds are regarded as safe and natural. Therefore, this article provides up-to-date information on the applications of seaweed in different industries such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics, dermatology and agriculture. Further studies on innovative extraction methods, safety issue and health-promoting properties should be reconsidered. Moreover, the details of the molecular mechanisms of seaweeds and their bioactive compounds for physiological activities are to be clearly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Polat
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Monica Trif
- Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (CENTIV) GmbH, Syke, Germany
| | - Alexandru Rusu
- CENCIRA Agrofood Research and Innovation Centre, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Raciye Meral
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Yesim Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Abdurahman Polat
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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18
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. Seaweed Components as Potential Modulators of the Gut Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:358. [PMID: 34201794 PMCID: PMC8303941 DOI: 10.3390/md19070358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a rich source of components which may exert beneficial effects on the mammalian gut microbiota through the enhancement of bacterial diversity and abundance. An imbalance of gut bacteria has been linked to the development of disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, hypertension, type-2-diabetes, obesity, and cancer. This review outlines current knowledge from in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the potential therapeutic application of seaweed-derived polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides to modulate the gut microbiota through diet. Polysaccharides such as fucoidan, laminarin, alginate, ulvan and porphyran are unique to seaweeds. Several studies have shown their potential to act as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota. Prebiotics enhance bacterial populations and often their production of short chain fatty acids, which are the energy source for gastrointestinal epithelial cells, provide protection against pathogens, influence immunomodulation, and induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. The oral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of seaweed components is also discussed, including the advantages and limitations of static and dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models versus ex vivo and in vivo methods. Seaweed bioactives show potential for use in prevention and, in some instances, treatment of human disease. However, it is also necessary to confirm these potential, therapeutic effects in large-scale clinical trials. Where possible, we have cited information concerning these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Michael Conlon
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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19
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González-Arceo M, Gómez-Zorita S, Aguirre L, Portillo MP. Effect of Microalgae and Macroalgae Extracts on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:2017. [PMID: 34208211 PMCID: PMC8230871 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to gather scientific evidence regarding the beneficial effects of microalgae and macroalgae extracts on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The described data show that both microalgae and macroalgae improved this alteration. The majority of the reported studies analysed the preventive effects because algae were administered to animals concurrent with the diet that induced NAFLD. The positive effects were demonstrated using a wide range of doses, from 7.5 to 300 mg/kg body weight/day or from 1 to 10% in the diet, and experimental periods ranged from 3 to 16 weeks. Two important limitations on the scientific knowledge available to date are that very few studies have researched the mechanisms of action underlying the preventive effects of microalgae on NAFLD and that, for the majority of the algae studied, a single paper has been reported. For these reasons, it is not possible to establish the best conditions in order to know the beneficial effects that these algae could bring. In this scenario, further studies are needed. Moreover, the beneficial effects of algae observed in rodent need to be confirmed in humans before we can start considering these products as new tools in the fight against fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane González-Arceo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.P.P.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.P.P.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.P.P.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Bhardwaj M, Yadav P, Vashishth D, Sharma K, Kumar A, Chahal J, Dalal S, Kataria SK. A Review on Obesity Management through Natural Compounds and a Green Nanomedicine-Based Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:3278. [PMID: 34071722 PMCID: PMC8198321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health complication in almost every corner of the world. Excessive weight gain results in the onset of several other health issues such as type II diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis), and cardiovascular diseases. As allopathic medications and derived pharmaceuticals are partially successful in overcoming this health complication, there is an incessant need to develop new alternative anti-obesity strategies with long term efficacy and less side effects. Plants harbor secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and other specific compounds that have been shown to have effective anti-obesity properties. Nanoencapsulation of these secondary metabolites enhances the anti-obesity efficacy of these natural compounds due to their speculated property of target specificity and enhanced efficiency. These nanoencapsulated and naive secondary metabolites show anti-obesity properties mainly by inhibiting the lipid and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, suppression of adipogenesis and appetite, and enhancing energy metabolism. This review focuses on the plants and their secondary metabolites, along with their nanoencapsulation, that have anti-obesity effects, with their possible acting mechanisms, for better human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Divya Vashishth
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Gaur Brahman Degree College, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Neempal Singh Government College, Bhiwani 127021, India;
| | - Jyoti Chahal
- Department of Zoology, Hindu Girls College, Sonipat 131001, India;
| | - Sunita Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India;
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kataria
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
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21
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Sahin K, Kucuk O, Orhan C, Erten F, Sahin N, Komorowski JR. Effects of supplementing different chromium histidinate complexes on glucose and lipid metabolism and related protein expressions in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126723. [PMID: 33508549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different chromium histidinate (CrHis) complexes added to the diet of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) on body weight changes, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, and changes in biomarkers such as PPAR-γ, IRS-1, GLUTs, and NF-κB proteins. METHODS Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into six groups and fed either a control, an HFD, or an HFD supplemented with either CrHis1, CrHis2, CrHis3, or a combination of the CrHis complexes as CrHisM. RESULTS Feeding an HFD to rats increased body weights, HOMA-IR values, fasting serum glucose, insulin, leptin, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and MDA concentrations as well as AST activities, and decreased serum and brain serotonin concentrations compared with rats fed a control diet (P < 0.0001). The levels of the PPAR-γ, IRS-1, and GLUTs in the liver and brain decreased, while NF-κB level increased, with feeding an HFD (P < 0.05). Although all the CrHis supplements reversed the negative effects of feeding an HFD (P < 0.05), the CrHis1 complex was most effective in changing the protein levels, while CrHisM was most effective in influencing certain parameters such as body weight and serum metabolites. CONCLUSION The results of the present work suggest that the CrHis1 complex is most potent for alleviating the negative effects of feeding an HFD. The efficacy of CrHisM is likely due to the presence of the CrHis1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Osman Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fusun Erten
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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22
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Lee HG, Kim HS, Je JG, Hwang J, Sanjeewa KKA, Lee DS, Song KM, Choi YS, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. Lipid Inhibitory Effect of (-)-loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Inhibitory Mechanism of Adipose-Specific Proteins. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:96. [PMID: 33567534 PMCID: PMC7915803 DOI: 10.3390/md19020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) is a well-known brown seaweed widely distributed worldwide. Several biological activities of S. horneri have been reported. However, its effects on lipid metabolism and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effect of the active compound "(-)-loliolide ((6S,7aR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(4H)-one (HTT))" from S. horneri extract on lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. MTT assays demonstrated that (-)-loliolide is not toxic to 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a range of concentrations. (-)-loliolide significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation in the differentiated phase of 3T3-L1 adipocytes as shown by Oil Red O staining. Western blot analysis revealed that (-)-loliolide increased the expression of lipolytic protein phospho-hormone-sensitive lipase (p-HSL) and thermogenic protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1). Additionally, (-)-loliolide decreased expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results indicate that (-)-loliolide from S. horneri could suppress lipid accumulation via regulation of antiadipogenic and prolipolytic mechanisms in 3T3-L1 cells. Considering the multifunctional effect of (-)-loliolide, it can be useful as a lipid-lowering agent in the management of patients who suffer from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Jin Hwang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
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Lee HG, Lu YA, Je JG, Jayawardena TU, Kang MC, Lee SH, Kim TH, Lee DS, Lee JM, Yim MJ, Kim HS, Jeon YJ. Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, and Its Chlorophyll Derivative on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Suppression of Lipid Accumulation through Downregulation of Adipogenic Protein Expression. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:91. [PMID: 33557339 PMCID: PMC7916037 DOI: 10.3390/md19020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grateloupia elliptica (G. elliptica) is a red seaweed with antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities. However, the anti-obesity activity of G. elliptica has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the effect of G. elliptica ethanol extract on the suppression of intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells by Oil Red O staining (ORO) was evaluated. Among the eight red seaweeds tested, G. elliptica 60% ethanol extract (GEE) exhibited the highest inhibition of lipid accumulation. GEE was the only extract to successfully suppress lipid accumulation among ethanol extracts from eight red seaweeds. In this study, we successfully isolated chlorophyll derivative (CD) from the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) of GEE by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaluated their inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CD significantly suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation. In addition, CD suppressed adipogenic protein expression such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Taken together, our results indicate that CD from GEE inhibits lipid accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis via the downregulation of adipogenic protein expressions in the differentiated adipocytes. Therefore, chlorophyll from G. elliptica has a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and it could be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
| | - Yu-An Lu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
| | - Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Naturetech Co., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon 27858, Korea;
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (J.-M.L.); (M.-J.Y.)
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (J.-M.L.); (M.-J.Y.)
| | - Mi-Jin Yim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (J.-M.L.); (M.-J.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (J.-M.L.); (M.-J.Y.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
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Kanwal S, Aliya S, Xin Y. Anti-Obesity Effect of Dictyophora indusiata Mushroom Polysaccharide (DIP) in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulating Inflammatory Cascades and Intestinal Microbiome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:558874. [PMID: 33329380 PMCID: PMC7717937 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.558874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, hyper-permeability of the gut epithelium, and perturbation of the intestinal microbiome. Despite the numerous therapeutic efficacies of Dictyophora indusiata mushroom, its biological activity in alleviating obesity through regulation of the gut microbiota and inflammatory cascades remain obscure. Henceforth, we determined the modulatory impact of D. indusiata polysaccharide (DIP) in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice model. The experimental subjects (BALB/C mice) were supplemented with chow diet (Control group), high-fat diet (HFD group), or HFD along with DIP at a low dose [HFD + DIP(L)] and high dose [HFD + DIP(H)]. Obesity-related parameters, including body weight gain, epididymal adipocyte size, fat accumulation, adipogenic markers, lipogenic markers, inflammatory associated markers, intestinal integrity, and intestinal microbiome, were elucidated. Our findings demonstrated that the oral administration of DIP at low dose partially and at high dose significantly reversed HFD-induced obesity parameters. Furthermore, the body weight, fat accumulation, adipocyte size, adipogenic and liver associated markers, glucose levels, inflammatory cytokines, and endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) levels were reduced considerably. Moreover, the study revealed that DIP treatment reversed the dynamic alterations of the gut microbiome community by decreasing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. These findings led us to infer the therapeutic potential of DIP in alleviating HFD-induced obesity via regulating inflammatory cascades, modulating intestinal integrity and intestinal microbiome community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Kanwal
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shams Aliya
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Ismail MM, Alotaibi BS, EL-Sheekh MM. Therapeutic Uses of Red Macroalgae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194411. [PMID: 32992919 PMCID: PMC7583832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Red Seaweed “Rhodophyta” are an important group of macroalgae that include approximately 7000 species. They are a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive constituents, including protein, sulfated polysaccharides, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds with nutritional, medical, and industrial importance. Polysaccharides are the main components in the cell wall of red algae and represent about 40–50% of the dry weight, which are extensively utilized in industry and pharmaceutical compounds, due to their thickening and gelling properties. The hydrocolloids galactans carrageenans and agars are the main red seaweed cell wall polysaccharides, which had broad-spectrum therapeutic characters. Generally, the chemical contents of seaweed are different according to the algal species, growth stage, environment, and external conditions, e.g., the temperature of the water, light intensity, nutrient concentrations in the ecosystem. Economically, they can be recommended as a substitute source for natural ingredients that contribute to a broad range of bioactivities like cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory agents, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory. This review touches on the main points of the pharmaceutical applications of red seaweed, as well as the exploitation of their specific compounds and secondary metabolites with vital roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria 21556, Egypt;
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mostafa M. EL-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1224106666; Fax: +20-403350804
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Trichinella spiralis infection ameliorated diet-induced obesity model in mice. Int J Parasitol 2020; 51:63-71. [PMID: 32966835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide, and genetic and environmental factors are known to regulate the development of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Emerging studies indicate that innate and adaptive immune cell responses in adipose tissue play critical roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Parasitic helminths are the strongest natural inducers of type 2 inflammatory responses, and several studies have revealed that helminth infections inversely correlate with metabolic syndrome. Hence, this study investigated whether helminth infections could have preventative effects on high fat diet-induced obesity. Female C57BL/6 mice were maintained on either a low fat diet (LFD, 10% fat) or a high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for 6 weeks after Trichinella spiralis infection. The mice were randomly divided into four groups and were fed a normal diet, LFD, LFD after T. spiralis infection (Inf + LFD), a high fat diet (HFD), or HFD after T. spiralis infection (HFD + inf). All groups were assayed for body weight, food efficiency ratio (FER), total body weight gain (g)/total food intake amount (g) fat weight, and blood biochemical parameters. Our data indicate that the HFD + inf group significantly reduced body weight gain, fat mass, total cholesterol, and FER. Analysis of immune cell composition by flow cytometry revealed that T. spiralis promoted strong decreases in proinflammatory adipose macrophages (F4/80+CD11c+) and T cells. The alterations in microbiota from fecal samples of mice were analyzed, which showed that T. spiralis infection decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes, thereby restoring the previously increased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, elimination of T. spiralis retained the protective effects in the HFD-fed obese mice whereas flubendazole (FLBZ) treatment increased levels of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. In summary, we provided novel data suggesting that helminth infection protects against obesity and the protection was closely related to M2 macrophage proliferation, an inhibiting proinflammatory response. In addition, it alters the microbiota in the gut.
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Gómez-Zorita S, González-Arceo M, Trepiana J, Eseberri I, Fernández-Quintela A, Milton-Laskibar I, Aguirre L, González M, Portillo MP. Anti-Obesity Effects of Macroalgae. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082378. [PMID: 32784488 PMCID: PMC7469045 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae have attracted great interest for their potential applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries as source of bioactive medicinal products and food ingredients. This review gathers data from in vitro and in vivo studies addressing the anti-obesity effects of macroalgae. Great consensus exists in all reported in vitro studies concerning the reduction induced by seaweed extracts in the expression of transcriptional factors controlling adipogenesis. In animals, macroalgae reduced body fat accumulation and prevented other obesity features, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and fatty liver. These effects are not due to food intake reduction, since few studies have reported such event. Indeed, the effects on metabolic pathways in target tissues/organs seem to play a more relevant role. Macroalgae can reduce de novo lipogenesis, limiting fatty acid availability for triglyceride synthesis in white adipose tissue. This effect has been observed in both cell cultures and adipose tissue from animals treated with macroalgae extracts. In addition, increased fatty acid oxidation and thermogenic capacity, as well as a shift towards healthier gut microbiota composition may contribute to the body fat-lowering effect of macroalgae. Studies in humans are needed to determine whether macroalgae can represent a feasible tool to prevent and/or manage overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Maitane González-Arceo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.-L.); (L.A.); Tel.: +34-945-013-863 (I.M.-L. & L.A.); Fax: +34-945-013-014 (I.M.-L. & L.A.)
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.-L.); (L.A.); Tel.: +34-945-013-863 (I.M.-L. & L.A.); Fax: +34-945-013-014 (I.M.-L. & L.A.)
| | - Marcela González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina;
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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Zhao J, Cao Q, Xing M, Xiao H, Cheng Z, Song S, Ji A. Advances in the Study of Marine Products with Lipid-Lowering Properties. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E390. [PMID: 32726987 PMCID: PMC7459887 DOI: 10.3390/md18080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With twice the number of cancer's deaths, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, in particular, is a progressive, chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease caused by persistent damage to blood vessels due to elevated cholesterol levels and hyperlipidemia. This condition is characterized by an increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein. Although existing therapies with hypolipidemic effects can improve the living standards of patients with cardiovascular diseases, the drugs currently used in clinical practice have certain side effects, which insists on the need for the development of new types of drugs with lipid-lowering effects. Some marine-derived substances have proven hypolipidemic activities with fewer side effects and stand as a good alternative for drug development. Recently, there have been thousands of studies on substances with lipid-lowering properties of marine origin, and some are already implemented in clinical practice. Here, we summarize the active components of marine-derived products having a hypolipidemic effect. These active constituents according to their source are divided into algal, animal, plant and microbial and contribute to the development and utilization of marine medicinal products with hypolipidemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zeyu Cheng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Ding KX, Gao TL, Xu R, Cai J, Zhang HQ, Sun YY, Zhong F, Ma AG. Quantifying the Effect of Supplementation with Algae and Its Extracts on Glycolipid Metabolism: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1712. [PMID: 32521609 PMCID: PMC7352414 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The effect of algae and its extract supplementation on glycolipid metabolism has not been finalized. Therefore, the purpose of the meta-analyses was to assess the effects of its supplementation on glycolipid metabolism concentration. METHODS We have systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the impact of algae and its extracts supplementation on glycolipid metabolism. Effect size analysis was performed using weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI between the methods of the experiment group and the control group. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the possible influences of study characteristics. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. RESULTS A total of 27 RCTs (31 trials) with 1221 participants were finally selected for the meta-analysis. The algae and its extract intervention significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c, WMD = -0.18%; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.10; p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, WMD = -0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.06; p = 0.008), and triglycerides (TC, WMD = -0.31 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.25; p < 0.001) levels and increased insulin (WMD = 6.05 pmol/mL; 95% CI: 4.01 to 8.09; p < 0.001) levels. It did not significantly change the blood glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), 2-h post-meal blood glucose (2hPBG) and other lipid profiles. Subgroup analyses based on the duration of intervention and subjects demonstrated that the intervention of algae and its extracts for 10 weeks or fewer and more than 40 subjects decreased TC levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, the intervention reduced TC and 2hPBG concentrations for East Asians (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided evidence that algae and its extract interventions were beneficial for the regulation of human glycolipid metabolism. More precise RCTs on subjects are recommended to further clarify the effect of algae, seaweed polysaccharide, seaweed polypeptide, algae polyphenol and its products intervention on glycolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-xiang Ding
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Tian-lin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hua-qi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yong-ye Sun
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Feng Zhong
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ai-guo Ma
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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