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Sasaki M, Suaini NHA, Afghani J, Heye KN, O'Mahony L, Venter C, Lauener R, Frei R, Roduit C. Systematic review of the association between short-chain fatty acids and allergic diseases. Allergy 2024; 79:1789-1811. [PMID: 38391245 DOI: 10.1111/all.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review to investigate the current evidence on the association between allergic diseases and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are microbially produced and suggested as one mechanism on how gut microbiome affects the risk of allergic diseases. Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched from data inception until September 2022. We identified 37 papers, of which 17 investigated prenatal or early childhood SCFAs and the development of allergic diseases in childhood, and 20 assessed SCFAs in patients with pre-existing allergic diseases. Study design, study populations, outcome definition, analysis method and reporting of the results varied between papers. Overall, there was some evidence showing that the three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) in the first few years of life had a protective effect against allergic diseases, especially for atopic dermatitis, wheeze or asthma and IgE-mediated food allergy in childhood. The association between each SCFA and allergic disease appeared to be different by disease and the age of assessment. Further research that can determine the potentially timing specific effect of each SCFA will be useful to investigate how SCFAs can be used in treatment or in prevention against allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sasaki
- University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Noor H A Suaini
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Afghani
- Environmental Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Environmental Health Centre, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina N Heye
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carina Venter
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado/Childrens Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Roger Lauener
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
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Maiuolo J, Bulotta RM, Ruga S, Nucera S, Macrì R, Scarano F, Oppedisano F, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Mollace R, Muscoli C, Mollace V. The Postbiotic Properties of Butyrate in the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota: The Potential of Its Combination with Polyphenols and Dietary Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6971. [PMID: 39000076 PMCID: PMC11240906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a diverse bacterial community consisting of approximately 2000 species, predominantly from five phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The microbiota's bacterial species create distinct compounds that impact the host's health, including well-known short-chain fatty acids. These are produced through the breakdown of dietary fibers and fermentation of undigested carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiota. The main short-chain fatty acids consist of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The concentration of butyrate in mammalian intestines varies depending on the diet. Its main functions are use as an energy source, cell differentiation, reduction in the inflammatory process in the intestine, and defense against oxidative stress. It also plays an epigenetic role in histone deacetylases, thus helping to reduce the risk of colon cancer. Finally, butyrate affects the gut-brain axis by crossing the brain-blood barrier, making it crucial to determine the right concentrations for both local and peripheral effects. In recent years, there has been a significant amount of attention given to the role of dietary polyphenols and fibers in promoting human health. Polyphenols and dietary fibers both play crucial roles in protecting human health and can produce butyrate through gut microbiota fermentation. This paper aims to summarize information on the key summits related to the negative correlation between intestinal microbiota diversity and chronic diseases to guide future research on determining the specific activity of butyrate from polyphenols and dietary fibers that can carry out these vital functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.O.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy;
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Deng G, Wen B, Jia L, Liu J, Yan Q. Clostridium butyricum upregulates GPR109A/AMPK/PGC-1α and ameliorates acute pancreatitis-associated intestinal barrier injury in mice. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:265. [PMID: 38761195 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis frequently causes intestinal barrier damage, which aggravates pancreatitis. Although Clostridium butyricum exerts anti-inflammatory and protective effects on the intestinal barrier during acute pancreatitis, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The G protein-coupled receptors 109 A (GPR109A) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways can potentially influence the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Our study generated acute pancreatitis mouse models via intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and lipopolysaccharides. After intervention with Clostridium butyricum, the model mice showed reduced small intestinal and colonic intestinal barrier damage, dysbiosis amelioration, and increased GPR109A/AMPK/PGC-1α expression. In conclusion, Clostridium butyricum could improve pancreatic and intestinal inflammation and pancreatic injury, and relieve acute pancreatitis-induced intestinal barrier damage in the small intestine and colon, which may be associated with GPR109A/AMPK/PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Biyan Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Qingqing Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
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Fock E, Parnova R. Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Protection by Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040657. [PMID: 36831324 PMCID: PMC9954192 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is implicated in the numerous neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and aging. It is now evident that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate and propionate, produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of the dietary fiber in the intestine, have a key role in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system and are critically important for the preservation of the BBB integrity under different pathological conditions. The effect of SCFAs on the improvement of the compromised BBB is mainly based on the decrease in paracellular permeability via restoration of junctional complex proteins affecting their transcription, intercellular localization or proteolytic degradation. This review is focused on the revealed and putative underlying mechanisms of the direct and indirect effects of SCFAs on the improvement of the barrier function of brain endothelial cells. We consider G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated effects of SCFAs, SCFAs-stimulated acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins via inhibition of histone deacetylases, and crosstalk of these signaling pathways with transcriptional factors NF-κB and Nrf2 as mainstream mechanisms of SCFA's effect on the preservation of the BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rimma Parnova
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-552-79-01; Fax: +7-812-552-30-12
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Xiao X, Hu X, Yao J, Cao W, Zou Z, Wang L, Qin H, Zhong D, Li Y, Xue P, Jin R, Li Y, Shi Y, Li J. The role of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1083432. [PMID: 36817115 PMCID: PMC9932284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1083432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites of gut microbes that can modulate the host inflammatory response, and contribute to health and homeostasis. Since the introduction of the gut-skin axis concept, the link between SCFAs and inflammatory skin diseases has attracted considerable attention. In this review, we have summarized the literature on the role of SCFAs in skin inflammation, and the correlation between SCFAs and inflammatory skin diseases, especially atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and psoriasis. Studies show that SCFAs are signaling factors in the gut-skin axis and can alleviate skin inflammation. The information presented in this review provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving gut-skin axis regulation, along with possible pathways that can be targeted for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xiao
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshen Hu
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junpeng Yao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihao Zou
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongling Zhong
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiwen Xue
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunzhou Shi
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yunzhou Shi,
| | - Juan Li
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Juan Li,
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Luo N, Guo Y, Peng L, Deng F. High-fiber-diet-related metabolites improve neurodegenerative symptoms in patients with obesity with diabetes mellitus by modulating the hippocampal-hypothalamic endocrine axis. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1026904. [PMID: 36733447 PMCID: PMC9888315 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1026904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, this study examined the role of high-fiber diet in obesity complicated by diabetes and neurodegenerative symptoms. Method The expression matrix of high-fiber-diet-related metabolites, blood methylation profile associated with pre-symptomatic dementia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and high-throughput single-cell sequencing data of hippocampal samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and through a literature search. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) after quality control and data filtering to identify different cell clusters and candidate markers. A protein-protein interaction network was mapped using the STRING database. To further investigate the interaction among high-fiber-diet-related metabolites, methylation-related DEGs related to T2DM, and single-cell marker genes related to AD, AutoDock was used for semi-flexible molecular docking. Result Based on GEO database data and previous studies, 24 marker genes associated with high-fiber diet, T2DM, and AD were identified. Top 10 core genes include SYNE1, ANK2, SPEG, PDZD2, KALRN, PTPRM, PTPRK, BIN1, DOCK9, and NPNT, and their functions are primarily related to autophagy. According to molecular docking analysis, acetamidobenzoic acid, the most substantially altered metabolic marker associated with a high-fiber diet, had the strongest binding affinity for SPEG. Conclusion By targeting the SPEG protein in the hippocampus, acetamidobenzoic acid, a metabolite associated with high-fiber diet, may improve diabetic and neurodegenerative diseases in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ning Luo ✉
| | - Yuejie Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fangli Deng
- Breast Health Care Center, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
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Inonotus hispidus Protects against Hyperlipidemia by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation through Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling in High Fat Diet Fed Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173477. [PMID: 36079733 PMCID: PMC9460493 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity. Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst (IH) is an edible and medicinal parasitic mushroom. In this study, after a systematic analysis of its nutritional ingredients, the regulatory effects of IH on lipid metabolism were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In HFD-fed mice, IH reversed the pathological state of the liver and the three types of fat and significantly decreased the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and leptin (LEP) and increased the level of high-density liptein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum. Meanwhile, IH ameliorated liver damage by reducing alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in the liver and serum. Compared with HFD-fed mice, IH significantly modulated the gut microbiota, changed the relative abundances of microflora at different taxonomic levels, and regulated lipid levels. The results showed that 30 differential lipids were found. Results from Western blotting confirmed that IH regulated the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and oxidative stress. This study aimed to provide experimental evidence for the applicability of IH in obesity treatment.
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Zhou L, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Ma Y. The Role of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Functional Dyspepsia: A Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:910568. [PMID: 35755434 PMCID: PMC9214042 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.910568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia is a clinically common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a high prevalence, high impact and high consumption of medical resources. The microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is a large number of families and is one of the most complex microbial reservoirs in the human body. An increasing number of studies have confirmed the close association between dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia. Therefore, we reviewed the role of dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota, H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal microbiota metabolites in functional dyspepsia, focusing on the possible mechanisms by which dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. Several studies have confirmed that dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota may cause the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia by disrupting the biological barrier of the intestinal mucosa, by disturbing the immune function of the intestinal mucosa, or by causing dysregulation of the microbial-gut-brain axis. Probiotics and antibiotics have also been chosen to treat functional dyspepsia in clinical studies and have shown some improvement in the clinical symptoms. However, more studies are needed to explore and confirm the relationship between dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia, and more clinical studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of microbiota modulation for functional dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Hospital Infection Management Office, Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
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9
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Shepilov D, Kovalenko T, Osadchenko I, Smozhanyk K, Marungruang N, Ushakova G, Muraviova D, Hållenius F, Prykhodko O, Skibo G. Varying Dietary Component Ratios and Lingonberry Supplementation May Affect the Hippocampal Structure of ApoE–/– Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:565051. [PMID: 35252286 PMCID: PMC8890029 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.565051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate and compare the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the hippocampus and the spatial memory of young adult ApoE–/– mice on a standard chow diet, a low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD supplemented with lingonberries. Methods Eight-week-old ApoE–/– males were divided into five groups fed standard chow (Control), an LFD (LF), an HFD (HF), and an HFD supplemented with whole lingonberries (HF+WhLB) or the insoluble fraction of lingonberries (HF+InsLB) for 8 weeks. The hippocampal cellular structure was evaluated using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry; biochemical analysis and T-maze test were also performed. Structural synaptic plasticity was assessed using electron microscopy. Results ApoE–/– mice fed an LFD expressed a reduction in the number of intact CA1 pyramidal neurons compared with HF+InsLB animals and the 1.6–3.8-fold higher density of hyperchromic (damaged) hippocampal neurons relative to other groups. The LF group had also morphological and biochemical indications of astrogliosis. Meanwhile, both LFD- and HFD-fed mice demonstrated moderate microglial activation and a decline in synaptic density. The consumption of lingonberry supplements significantly reduced the microglia cell area, elevated the total number of synapses and multiple synapses, and increased postsynaptic density length in the hippocampus of ApoE–/– mice, as compared to an LFD and an HFD without lingonberries. Conclusion Our results suggest that, in contrast to the inclusion of fats in a diet, increased starch amount (an LFD) and reduction of dietary fiber (an LFD/HFD) might be unfavorable for the hippocampal structure of young adult (16-week-old) male ApoE–/– mice. Lingonberries and their insoluble fraction seem to provide a neuroprotective effect on altered synaptic plasticity in ApoE–/– animals. Observed morphological changes in the hippocampus did not result in notable spatial memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Shepilov
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
- *Correspondence: Dmytro Shepilov
| | - Tatiana Kovalenko
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Osadchenko
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Smozhanyk
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nittaya Marungruang
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Galyna Ushakova
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Diana Muraviova
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Frida Hållenius
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olena Prykhodko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Olsthoorn L, Vreeken D, Kiliaan AJ. Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cerebrovascular Function: Link Between Obesity and Cognition. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:761456. [PMID: 34938153 PMCID: PMC8685335 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.761456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects 13% of the adult population worldwide and this number is only expected to increase. Obesity is known to have a negative impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health, but it also impacts brain structure and function; it is associated with both gray and white matter integrity loss, as well as decreased cognitive function, including the domains of executive function, memory, inhibition, and language. Especially midlife obesity is associated with both cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing dementia at later age. However, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully revealed. Here, we review recent literature (published between 2010 and March 2021) and discuss the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition, with a main focus on the contributions of the gut microbiome, white adipose tissue (WAT), inflammation, and cerebrovascular function. Obesity-associated changes in gut microbiota composition may cause increased gut permeability and inflammation, therewith affecting cognitive function. Moreover, excess of WAT in obesity produces pro-inflammatory adipokines, leading to a low grade systemic peripheral inflammation, which is associated with decreased cognition. The blood-brain barrier also shows increased permeability, allowing among others, peripheral pro-inflammatory markers to access the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, especially in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. Altogether, the interaction between the gut microbiota, WAT inflammation, and cerebrovascular integrity plays a significant role in the link between obesity and cognition. Future research should focus more on the interplay between gut microbiota, WAT, inflammation and cerebrovascular function to obtain a better understanding about the complex link between obesity and cognitive function in order to develop preventatives and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Olsthoorn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Debby Vreeken
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Bariatric Surgery, Vitalys, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Nakladal D, Sijbesma JWA, Visser LM, Tietge UJF, Slart RHJA, Deelman LE, Henning RH, Hillebrands JL, Buikema H. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived nitric oxide compensates endothelial dysfunction in aged pre-atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 142:106945. [PMID: 34801679 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to global mortality and is accompanied by vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an established regulator of vascular function with emerging implications in atherosclerosis. We investigated the modulation of aortic relaxation by PVAT in aged rats with apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE-/-) fed a high-fat diet as a model of early atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- rats (N = 7) and wild-type Sprague-Dawley controls (ApoE+/+, N = 8) received high-fat diet for 51 weeks. Hyperlipidemia was confirmed in ApoE-/- rats by elevated plasma cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglyceride (p = 0.025) levels. Early atherosclerosis was supported by increased intima/media thickness ratio (p < 0.01) and ED1-positive macrophage influx in ApoE-/- aortic intima (p < 0.001). Inflammation in ApoE-/- PVAT was characteristic by an increased [18F]FDG uptake (p < 0.01), ED1-positive macrophage influx (p = 0.0003), mRNA expression levels of CD68 (p < 0.001) and IL-1β (p < 0.01), and upregulated iNOS protein (p = 0.011). The mRNAs of MCP-1, IL-6 and adiponectin remained unchanged in PVAT. Aortic PVAT volume measured with micro-PET/CT was increased in ApoE-/- rats (p < 0.01). Maximal endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) to acetylcholine in ApoE-/- aortic rings without PVAT was severely impaired (p = 0.012) compared with controls, while ApoE-/- aortic rings with PVAT showed higher EDR than controls. All EDR responses were blocked by L-NMMA and the expression of eNOS mRNA was increased in ApoE-/- PVAT (p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Using a rat ApoE-/- model of early atherosclerosis, we capture a novel mechanism by which inflammatory PVAT compensates severe endothelial dysfunction by contributing NO upon cholinergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nakladal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - J W A Sijbesma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L M Visser
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Pathology division, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - U J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Science and Technology Biomedical, Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - L E Deelman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J L Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Pathology division, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Buikema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Wang K, Xu X, Maimaiti A, Hao M, Sang X, Shan Q, Wu X, Cao G. Gut microbiota disorder caused by diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis aggravates intestinal mucosal damage. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00765. [PMID: 34523246 PMCID: PMC8440943 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota disorder will lead to intestinal damage. This study evaluated the influence of total diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis (TDEP) on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier after long‐term administration, and the correlations between gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier were analysed by Spearman correlation analysis. Mice were randomly divided to control group, TDEP groups (4, 8, 16 mg/kg), TDEP (16 mg/kg) + antibiotic group. Two weeks after intragastric administration, inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β) and LPS in serum, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were tested by Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The expression of tight junction (TJ) protein in colon was measured by western blotting. Furthermore, the effects of TDEP on gut microbiota community in mice have been investigated by 16SrDNA high‐throughput sequencing. The results showed TDEP significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors in dose‐dependent manners, and decreased the expression of TJ protein and SCFAs, and the composition of gut microbiota of mice in TDEP group was significantly different from that of control group. When antibiotics were added, the diversity of gut microbiota was significantly reduced, and the colon injury was more serious. Finally, through correlation analysis, we have found nine key bacteria (Barnesiella, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Alloprevotella, Candidatus_Arthromitus, Enterorhabdus, Alistipes, Bilophila, Mucispirillum, Ruminiclostridium) that may be related to colon injury caused by TDEP. Taken together, the disturbance of gut microbiota caused by TDEP may aggravate the colon injury, and its possible mechanism may be related to the decrease of SCFAs in feces, disrupted the expression of TJ protein in colon and increasing the contents of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aikebaier Maimaiti
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Gio-Batta M, Sjöberg F, Jonsson K, Barman M, Lundell AC, Adlerberth I, Hesselmar B, Sandberg AS, Wold AE. Fecal short chain fatty acids in children living on farms and a link between valeric acid and protection from eczema. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22449. [PMID: 33384449 PMCID: PMC7775451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children growing up on farms have low rates of allergy, but the mechanism for this protective effect has not been fully elucidated. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota may play a role in protection from allergy. We measured fecal SCFA levels in samples collected from 28 farming and 37 control children over the first 3 years of life using gas chromatography. Data on diet and other host factors were recorded and allergy was diagnosed at 8 years of age. Among all children, median propionic and butyric acid concentration increased over the first 3 years, and longer SCFAs typically appeared by 1 year of age. Farm children had higher levels of iso-butyric, iso-valeric and valeric acid at 3 years of age than rural controls. In addition, children with elder siblings had higher levels of valeric acid at 3 years of age, and dietary factors also affected SCFA pattern. High levels of valeric acid at 3 years of age were associated with low rate of eczema at 8 years of age. The fecal SCFA pattern in farm children suggests a more rapid maturation of the gut microbiota. Valeric acid or associated microbes may have protective potential against eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gio-Batta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Fei Sjöberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Jonsson
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
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