1
|
Bellitto V, Gabrielli MG, Martinelli I, Roy P, Nittari G, Cocci P, Palermo FA, Amenta F, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Tomassoni D, Tayebati SK. Dysfunction of the Brown Adipose Organ in HFD-Obese Rats and Effect of Tart Cherry Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:388. [PMID: 38671836 PMCID: PMC11047636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a great impact on adipose tissue biology, based on its function as a master regulator of energy balance. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes remodeling, and its activity declines in obese subjects due to a whitening process. The anti-obesity properties of fruit extracts have been reported. The effects of tart cherry against oxidative stress, inflammation, and the whitening process in the BAT of obese rats were investigated. Intrascapular BAT (iBAT) alterations and effects of Prunus cerasus L. were debated in rats fed for 17 weeks with a high-fat diet (DIO), in DIO supplemented with seed powder (DS), and with seed powder plus the juice (DJS) of tart cherry compared to CHOW rats fed with a normo-caloric diet. iBAT histologic observations revealed a whitening process in DIO rats that was reduced in the DS and DJS groups. A modulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) protein and gene expression specifically were detected in the obese phenotype. An upregulation of UCP-1 and related thermogenic genes after tart cherry intake was detected compared to the DIO group. Metabolic adjustment, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein carbonylation, and the inflammatory microenvironment in the iBAT were reported in DIO rats. The analysis demonstrated an iBAT modulation that tart cherry promoted. In addition to our previous results, these data confirm the protective impact of tart cherry consumption on obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Bellitto
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Gabrielli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.C.); (F.A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Proshanta Roy
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Giulio Nittari
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.C.); (F.A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.C.); (F.A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.C.); (F.A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Craciunescu O, Seciu-Grama AM, Mihai E, Utoiu E, Negreanu-Pirjol T, Lupu CE, Artem V, Ranca A, Negreanu-Pirjol BS. The Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Lipid Droplet Activity of Fluid Extracts from Romanian Cultivars of Haskap Berries, Bitter Cherries, and Red Grape Pomace for the Management of Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16849. [PMID: 38069172 PMCID: PMC10706173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fluid extracts obtained from three Romanian cultivars of haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) var. Loni, bitter cherries (Prunus avium var. sylvestris Ser.) var. Silva, and pomace from red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) var. Mamaia, and their capacity to modulate in vitro steatosis, in view of developing novel anti-obesity products. Total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid content of fluid extracts was spectrophotometrically assessed and their free radical scavenging capacity was evaluated using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition assays. The Pearson coefficients showed a moderate correlation between the antioxidant activity of fluid extracts and their phenolic content, but a strong correlation between anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content. HPLC analysis identified and quantified the main phenolic compounds of chlorogenic and syringic acid, catechin, and glycosylated kaempferol, apigenin, and quercetin, in variable proportions. An in vitro experimental model of steatosis was developed in HepG2 hepatocytes treated with a mixture of free fatty acids. Cell culture analyses showed that cytocompatible concentrations of fluid extracts could significantly reduce the lipid accumulation and inhibit the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide secretion in stressed hepatocytes. In conclusion, these results put an emphasis on the chemical compounds' high antioxidant and liver protection capacity of unstudied fluid extracts obtained from Romanian cultivars of bitter cherries var. Silva and pomace of red grapes var. Mamaia, similar to the fluid extract of haskap berries var. Loni, in particular, the positive modulation of fat deposition next to oxidative stress and the lipid peroxidation process triggered by fatty acids in HepG2 hepatocytes. Consequently, this study indicated that these fluid extracts could be further exploited as hepatoprotective agents in liver steatosis, which provides a basis for the further development of novel extract mixtures with synergistic activity as anti-obesity products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Craciunescu
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Ana-Maria Seciu-Grama
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Elena Mihai
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Elena Utoiu
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ovidius of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.E.L.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Lupu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ovidius of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.E.L.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
| | - Victoria Artem
- Research-Development Station for Viticulture and Winemaking of Murfatlar, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania; (V.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Aurora Ranca
- Research-Development Station for Viticulture and Winemaking of Murfatlar, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania; (V.A.); (A.R.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar H, Dhalaria R, Guleria S, Sharma R, Kumar D, Verma R, Cruz-Martins N, Dhanjal DS, Chopra C, Kaur T, Kumar V, Siddiqui SA, Manickam S, Cimler R, Kuca K. Non-edible fruit seeds: nutritional profile, clinical aspects, and enrichment in functional foods and feeds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37811640 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2264973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, fruits are gaining high demand due to their promising advantages on human health. Astonishingly, their by-products, that is, seeds and peels, account for 10-35% of fruit weight and are usually thrown as waste after consumption or processing. But it is neglected that fruit seeds also have functional properties and nutritional value, and thus could be utilized for dietary and therapeutic purposes, ultimately reducing the waste burden on the environment. Owing to these benefits, researchers have started to assess the nutritional value of different fruits seeds, in addition to the chemical composition in various bioactive constituents, like carotenoids (lycopene), flavonoids, proteins (bioactive peptides), vitamins, etc., that have substantial health benefits and can be used in formulating different types of food products with noteworthy functional and nutraceutical potential. The current review aims to comprehend the known information of nutritional and phytochemical profiling of non-edible fruits seeds, viz. apple, apricot, avocado, cherry, date, jamun, litchi, longan, mango, and papaya. Additionally, clinical studies conducted on these selected non-edible fruit seed extracts, their safety issues and their enrichment in food products as well as animal feed has also been discussed. This review aims to highlight the potential applications of the non-edible fruit seeds in developing new food products and also provide a viable alternative to reduce the waste disposal issue faced by agro-based industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, Gandra, CRL, Portugal
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Talwinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Richard Cimler
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao Y, Fang X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Shan M, Lan X, Zhu D, Luo H. Preventive and therapeutic effects of natural products and herbal extracts on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3867-3897. [PMID: 37449926 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. The disease is becoming increasingly common with the rapid economic development of countries. Long-term accumulation of excess fat can lead to NAFLD, which represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted pathological process that has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Herbal medicines have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Our overview is based on a PubMed and Web of Science database search as of Dec 22 with the keywords: NAFLD/NASH Natural products and NAFLD/NASH Herbal extract. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of NAFLD. These natural resources have the potential to inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Difu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
da Cruz LL, Vesentini G, Sinzato YK, Villaverde AISB, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC. Effects of high-fat diet-induced diabetes on autophagy in the murine liver: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Life Sci 2022; 309:121012. [PMID: 36179817 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether diabetes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) has the potential to alter the process of autophagy in the murine liver. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed with electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science). Study design, population, intervention, outcome, and risk of bias were analyzed. Given the availability of studies, a quantitative meta-analysis including 23 studies was performed. KEY FINDINGS The search found 5754 articles, with 48 matching the eligibility criteria, comprising of 1033 animals. The meta-analysis showed that diabetic murines fed with HFD presented an absence of p62 degradation (SMD 4.63, 95 % CI 2.02 to 7.24, p = 0.0005; I2 = 77 %), higher expression of p-mTOR/mTOR (SMD 5.20, 95 % CI 1.00 to 9.39, p = 0.01; I2 = 78 %), and a decreased p-AMPK/AMPK ratio (SMD -2.02, 95 % CI -3.96 to -0.09, p = 0.04; I2 = 85 %) when compared to nondiabetic murines. When associated with streptozotocin, the animals presented decreased ATG-7 and LC3-II. The meta-regression results showed a decrease in autophagy responses due to increased glycemic levels, fat content, and long-term exposure to HFD, and advanced animal age. The common and species-specific protein responses were also consistent with the inhibition of autophagy. SIGNIFICANCE The normal process of autophagy mechanisms in the liver is less competent after HFD consumption. The destabilization of (auto)phagolysosomes contributes to the perpetuation of diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lopes da Cruz
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil; Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Giovana Vesentini
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ana Izabel Silva Balbin Villaverde
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coman MM, Miorelli L, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Salvesi C, Amedei A, Silvi S, Verdenelli MC. Effects of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 supplementation on metabolic factors in otherwise healthy overweight and obese individuals. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1956-1968. [PMID: 35796632 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Probiotic supplementation approach offers the possibility to shape the gut microbiota (GM), enabling the development of innovative formulations able to improve intestinal wellbeing and consequently the related body weight modulation and energy metabolism. In the present clinical study, a new potential probiotic supplement based on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 was studied for weight management. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative characterization by qPCR of representative bacterial groups of GM was used to determine the microbiota modulation at different supplementation periods. Furthermore, measurement of the endpoints linked to weight control (Body Mass Index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference) was assessed. Specific questionnaires to evaluate the impact on psychological and physiological point of view were performed. Results showed that after 90 days - Lact. plantarum IMC 510 supplementation brought an improvement of endpoints linked to weight control and healthy status, although no significant changes in the microbiota composition were reported for analysed bacterial groups, except for Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that Lact. plantarum IMC 510 supplementation could be an interesting tool for weight management. More studies are needed to understand the impact on GM, for example evaluating the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), since their important role in dietary metabolism. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the relationship between GM and overweight and the mechanism of action by which Lact. plantarum IMC 510 modifies body weight. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY However, these promising outcomes represent a clear advantage of probiotic supplementation and identify a new potential probiotic as a novel and safe therapeutic approach in the obesity prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Coman
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Tart Cherry Consumption in the Heart of Obese Rats. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050646. [PMID: 35625374 PMCID: PMC9138407 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, frequently related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Dietary antioxidant compounds improve heart health. Here, we estimate the oxidative grade and inflammation in the heart of dietary-induced obese (DIO) rats after exposure to a high-fat diet compared to a standard diet. The effects of tart cherry seed powder and seed powder plus tart cherries juice were explored. Morphological analysis and protein expressions were performed in the heart. The oxidative status was assessed by the measurement of protein oxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal in samples. Immunochemical and Western blot assays were performed to elucidate the involved inflammatory markers as proinflammatory cytokines and cellular adhesion molecules. In the obese rats, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in oxidative state proteins and lipid peroxidation. However, the intake of tart cherries significantly changed these parameters. An anti-inflammatory effect was raised from tart cherry consumption, as shown by the downregulation of analyzed endothelial cell adhesion molecules and cytokines compared to controls. Tart cherry intake should be recommended as a dietary supplement to prevent or counteract heart injury in obese conditions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Obesity-Related Brain Cholinergic System Impairment in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061243. [PMID: 35334899 PMCID: PMC8948807 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A link between obesity and cerebral health is receiving growing recognition. Here, we investigate in the frontal cortex and hippocampus the potential involvement of cholinergic markers in brain alterations previously reported in rats with obesity induced by diet (DIO) after long-term exposure (17 weeks) to a high-fat diet (HFD) in comparison with animals fed with a standard diet (CHOW). The obesity developed after 5 weeks of HFD. Bodyweight, systolic blood pressure, glycemia, and insulin levels were increased in DIO rats compared to the CHOW group. Measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA) provided lipid peroxidation in HFD-fed rats. Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques were performed. Our results showed a higher expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in obese rats but not the VAChT expression in the frontal cortex after 17 weeks of HFD. Furthermore, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme was downregulated in HFD both in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. In the brain regions analyzed, it was reported a modulation of certain cholinergic receptors expressed pre- and post-synaptically (alpha7 nicotinic receptor and muscarinic receptor subtype 1). Collectively, these findings point out precise changes of cholinergic markers that can be targeted to prevent cerebral injuries related to obesity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Coman MM, Tomassoni D, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Botticelli L, Gabrielli MG, Rossolini GM, Di Pilato V, Cecchini C, Amedei A, Silvi S, Verdenelli MC, Cifani C. Supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 Modifies Microbiota Composition and Prevents Body Weight Gain Induced by Cafeteria Diet in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011171. [PMID: 34681831 PMCID: PMC8540549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in functionality and composition of gut microbiota (GM) have been associated and may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity and related diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate for the first time the impact of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum IMC 510 in a rat model of diet-induced obesity, specifically in the cafeteria (CAF) diet. This diet provides a strong motivation to voluntary overeat, due to the palatability and variety of selected energy-dense foods. The oral administration for 84 days of this probiotic strain, added to the CAF diet, decreased food intake and body weight gain. Accordingly, it ameliorated body mass index, liver and white adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte size, serum parameters, including glycemia and low-density lipoprotein levels, in CAF fed rats, potentially through leptin control. In this scenario, L. plantarum IMC 510 showed also beneficial effects on GM, limiting the microbial imbalance established by long exposure to CAF diet and preserving the proportion of different bacterial taxa. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the relationship between GM and overweight and then the mechanism of action by which L. plantarum IMC 510 modifies weight. However, these promising results prompt a clear advantage of probiotic supplementation and identify a new potential probiotic as a novel and safe therapeutic approach in obesity prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Magdalena Coman
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Emanuela Micioni Di Bonaventura
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Gabrielli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (G.M.R.); (A.A.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Cecchini
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (G.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Cristina Verdenelli
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mycobiota in the Carposphere of Sour and Sweet Cherries and Antagonistic Features of Potential Biocontrol Yeasts. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071423. [PMID: 34209423 PMCID: PMC8307871 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) and sweet cherries (P. avium L.) are economically important fruits with high potential in the food industry and medicine. In this study, we analyzed fungal communities associated with the carposphere of sour and sweet cherries that were freshly harvested from private plantations and purchased in a food store. Following DNA isolation, a DNA fragment of the ITS2 rRNA gene region of each sample was individually amplified and subjected to high-throughput NGS sequencing. Analysis of 168,933 high-quality reads showed the presence of 690 fungal taxa. Investigation of microbial ASVs diversity revealed plant-dependent and postharvest handling-affected fungal assemblages. Among the microorganisms inhabiting tested berries, potentially beneficial or pathogenic fungi were documented. Numerous cultivable yeasts were isolated from the surface of tested berries and characterized by their antagonistic activity. Some of the isolates, identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia fructicola, and M. pulcherrima, displayed pronounced activity against potential fungal pathogens and showed attractiveness for disease control.
Collapse
|
11
|
Roy P, Tomassoni D, Traini E, Martinelli I, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Amenta F, Tayebati SK. Natural Antioxidant Application on Fat Accumulation: Preclinical Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060858. [PMID: 34071903 PMCID: PMC8227384 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most important challenges in the contemporary world that must be overcome. Different pathological consequences of these physical conditions have been studied for more than 30 years. The most nagging effects were found early in the cardiovascular system. However, later, its negative impact was also investigated in several other organs. Damage at cellular structures due to overexpression of reactive oxygen species together with mechanisms that cause under-production of antioxidants leads to the development of obesity-related complications. In this view, the negative results of oxidant molecules due to obesity were studied in various districts of the body. In the last ten years, scientific literature has reported reasonable evidence regarding natural and synthetic compounds' supplementation, which showed benefits in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in animal models of obesity. This article attempts to clarify the role of oxidative stress due to obesity and the opposing role of antioxidants to counter it, reported in preclinical studies. This analysis aims to clear-up different mechanisms that lead to the build-up of pro-oxidants during obesity and how various molecules of different origins hinder this phenomenon, behaving as antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (P.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (P.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Enea Traini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Impact of Obesity-Induced Inflammation on Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094798. [PMID: 33946540 PMCID: PMC8125716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are key risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is currently presented as a pro-inflammatory state with an expansion in the outflow of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alongside the expanded emission of leptin. The present review aimed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and inflammation and their impacts on the development of cardiovascular disease. A literature search was conducted by employing three academic databases, namely PubMed (Medline), Scopus (EMBASE), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The search presented 786 items, and by inclusion and exclusion filterers, 59 works were considered for final review. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) method was adopted to conduct quality assessment; 19 papers were further selected based on the quality score. Obesity-related inflammation leads to a low-grade inflammatory state in organisms by upregulating pro-inflammatory markers and downregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Because of inflammatory and infectious symptoms, adipocytes appear to instigate articulation and discharge a few intense stage reactants and carriers of inflammation. Obesity and inflammatory markers are strongly associated, and are important factors in the development of CVD. Hence, weight management can help prevent cardiovascular risks and poor outcomes by inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms.
Collapse
|
13
|
Moruzzi M, Klöting N, Blüher M, Martinelli I, Tayebati SK, Gabrielli MG, Roy P, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Lupidi G, Amenta F, Tomassoni D. Tart Cherry Juice and Seeds Affect Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Visceral Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet Obese Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:1403. [PMID: 33807712 PMCID: PMC7961347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) are a rich source of anthocyanins. They are phytochemical flavonoids found in red and blue fruits, and vegetables that can reduce hyperlipidemia. Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) has emerged as a major player in driving obesity-related inflammatory response. METHODS This study has investigated the potential positive effects of tart cherries on rats with Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO). In particular, the inflammatory status in retroperitoneal (RPW) and perigonadal (PGW) adipose tissue were studied. Rats were fed ad libitum for 17 weeks with a hypercaloric diet with the supplementation of tart cherries seeds powder (DS) and seeds powder plus tart cherries juice containing 1mg of anthocyanins (DJS). In RPW and PGW, expression of CRP, IL-1 β, TNF-α, CCL2 and CD36, were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS No differences in the weight of RPW and PGW animals were found between DS and DJS groups compared to DIO rats. However, an increase of inflammatory markers was observed in DIO group in comparison with control lean rats. A modulation of these markers was evident upon tart cherry supplementation. CONCLUSION Study results suggest that tart cherry enriched-diet did not modify the accumulation of visceral fat, but it decreased inflammatory markers in both tissues. Therefore, this supplementation could be useful, in combination with healthy lifestyles, to modify adipose tissue cell metabolism limiting-obesity related organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moruzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Gabrielli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.R.)
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cocci P, Moruzzi M, Martinelli I, Maggi F, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Mosconi G, Tayebati SK, Damiano S, Lupidi G, Amantini C, Tomassoni D, Palermo FA. Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) dietary supplement modulates visceral adipose tissue CB1 mRNA levels along with other adipogenesis-related genes in rat models of diet-induced obesity. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2695-2707. [PMID: 33386893 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing evidence for the involvement of dietary bioactive compounds in the cross-talk modulation of endocannabinoid system and some of the key regulators of transcriptional control for adipogenesis. METHODS We aimed to characterize the expression of cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) along with selected adipogenesis-related genes (PPARγ, SREBP-1c and PREF-1), adipocyte-secreted factors (leptin and adiponectin), mitochondrial bioenergetic modulators (PGC-1A and UCP-2), and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2) channels in visceral adipose tissue of rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) containing either tart cherry seeds alone or tart cherry seeds and juice for 17 weeks. The visceral adipose tissue was weighed and checked the expression of different markers by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Tart cherry supplements were able to downregulate the HFD-induced mRNA expression of CB1 receptor, SREBP-1c, PPARγ, leptin, TRPV1 and TRPV2 resulting in potential anti-adipogenic effects. CONCLUSION The present study points out that the intake of bioactive constituents of tart cherry may attenuate the effect of adipogenesis by acting directly on the adipose tissue and modulating the interplay between CB1, PPARγ and TRPV channel gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Michele Moruzzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Damiano
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|