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Fernandes FA, Carocho M, Prieto MA, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Heleno SA. Nutraceuticals and dietary supplements: balancing out the pros and cons. Food Funct 2024; 15:6289-6303. [PMID: 38805010 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
While the market is full of different dietary supplements, in most countries, legislation is clear and strict towards these products, with severe limitations on their health claims. Overall, the claims cannot go beyond the consumption of a said supplement will contribute to a healthy diet. Thus, the supplement industry has been reacting and changing their approach to consumers. One change is the considerable growth of the nutraceutical market, which provides naturally produced products, with low processing and close to no claims on the label. The marketing of this industry shifts from claiming several benefits on the label (dietary supplements) to relying on the knowledge of consumers towards the benefits of minimally processed foods filled with natural products (nutraceuticals). This review focuses on the difference between these two products, their consumption patterns, forms of presentation, explaining what makes them different, their changes through time, and their most notable ingredients, basically balancing out their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa A Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Márcio Carocho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Nolasco A, Squillante J, Velotto S, D’Auria G, Ferranti P, Mamone G, Errico ME, Avolio R, Castaldo R, De Luca L, Romano R, Esposito F, Cirillo T. Exploring the Untapped Potential of Pine Nut Skin By-Products: A Holistic Characterization and Recycling Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1044. [PMID: 38611351 PMCID: PMC11011278 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing population, food demand, waste management concerns, and the search for sustainable alternatives to plastic polymers have led researchers to explore the potential of waste materials. This study focused on a waste of pine nut processing referred to in this paper as pine nut skin. For the first time, its nutritional profile, potential bioactive peptide, contaminants, and morphological structure were assessed. Pine nut skin was composed mainly of carbohydrates (56.2%) and fiber (27.5%). The fat (9.8%) was about 45%, 35%, and 20% saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid, respectively, and Omega-9,-6, and -3 were detected. Notably, oleic acid, known for its health benefits, was found in significant quantities, resembling its presence in pine nut oil. The presence of bioactive compounds such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and phytosterols further adds to its nutritional value. Some essential elements were reported, whereas most of the contaminants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, rare earth elements, and pesticides were below the limit of quantification. Furthermore, the in silico analysis showed the occurrence of potential precursor peptides of bioactive compounds, indicating health-promoting attributes. Lastly, the morphological structural characterization of the pine nut skin was followed by Fourier Transform Infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopy to identify the major components, such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The thermostability of the pine nut skin was monitored via thermogravimetric analysis, and the surface of the integument was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and volumetric nitrogen adsorption. This information provides a more comprehensive view of the potential uses of pine nut skin as a filler material for biocomposite materials. A full characterization of the by-products of the food chain is essential for their more appropriate reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Nolasco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 100-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Jonathan Squillante
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 100-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Salvatore Velotto
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and the Quality of Life, University of Study of Roma “San Raffaele”, Via di Val Cannuta, 247-00166 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni D’Auria
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 100-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 100-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mamone
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Errico
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Roberto Avolio
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Rachele Castaldo
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Lucia De Luca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 100-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 100-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 100-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Teresa Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 100-80055 Portici, NA, Italy
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Ceramella J, De Maio AC, Basile G, Facente A, Scali E, Andreu I, Sinicropi MS, Iacopetta D, Catalano A. Phytochemicals Involved in Mitigating Silent Toxicity Induced by Heavy Metals. Foods 2024; 13:978. [PMID: 38611284 PMCID: PMC11012104 DOI: 10.3390/foods13070978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) are natural elements present in the Earth's crust, characterised by a high atomic mass and a density more than five times higher than water. Despite their origin from natural sources, extensive usage and processing of raw materials and their presence as silent poisons in our daily products and diets have drastically altered their biochemical balance, making them a threat to the environment and human health. Particularly, the food chain polluted with toxic metals represents a crucial route of human exposure. Therefore, the impact of HMs on human health has become a matter of concern because of the severe chronic effects induced by their excessive levels in the human body. Chelation therapy is an approved valid treatment for HM poisoning; however, despite the efficacy demonstrated by chelating agents, various dramatic side effects may occur. Numerous data demonstrate that dietary components and phytoantioxidants play a significant role in preventing or reducing the damage induced by HMs. This review summarises the role of various phytochemicals, plant and herbal extracts or probiotics in promoting human health by mitigating the toxic effects of different HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.D.M.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Azzurra Chiara De Maio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.D.M.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Giovanna Basile
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.D.M.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Anastasia Facente
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.D.M.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Elisabetta Scali
- Unit of Dermatology, Spoke Hospital, Locri, 89044 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-IIS La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando, Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.D.M.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (J.C.); (A.C.D.M.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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5
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Stoian AP, Toth PP. Red Yeast Rice for the Improvement of Lipid Profiles in Mild-to-Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102288. [PMID: 37242171 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is a key target for lowering cardiovascular risk and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Red yeast rice (RYR) is a nutraceutical widely used as a lipid-lowering dietary supplement. The main cholesterol-lowering components of RYR are monacolins, particularly monacolin K, which is structurally identical to lovastatin and targets the same key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. RYR supplementation reduces LDL-C levels by approximately 15-34% versus placebo, with a similar effect to low-dose, first-generation statins in subjects with mild-to-moderate dyslipidemia. RYR has also demonstrated beneficial reductions of up to 45% versus placebo in the risk of ASCVD events in secondary prevention studies. RYR at a dose that provides about 3 mg/d of monacolin K is well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to that of low-dose statins. RYR is therefore a treatment option for lowering LDL-C levels and ASCVD risk for people with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia who are ineligible for statin therapy, particularly those who are unable to implement lifestyle modifications, and also for people who are eligible for statin therapy but who are unwilling to take a pharmacologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Center for the Study of Hypertension and Related Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Medical and Surgery Sciences Department (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS AOU S. Orsola di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Center for the Study of Hypertension and Related Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Medical and Surgery Sciences Department (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL 61081, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Kaptur B, Peterman N, Lee J. Nutraceuticals and dietary supplements: Disparities in usage and potential for harm. Nutr Health 2022; 28:325-330. [PMID: 35521933 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221099690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: The use of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements has a complex history. Aim: This work seeks to discuss the current state of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements, with a particular focus on the ambiguity of these terms, their current usage, potential harms, roles within the healthcare system, and associated disparities. Methods: This work reviews recent literature spanning the history of nutraceuticals and expands upon recommendations made by previous authors. Results: While a substantial portion of the United States population consumes these substances, their safety profiles are rarely well characterized. Taking a broad definition of these terms paints a picture of harmless use by a population that is middle-aged, educated, and white. However, focusing on specific substances reveals concerning disparities in race, ethnicity, income, physical health, and health literacy. This is of particular concern when looking at the side effects of these supplements both in isolation and due to drug-supplement interactions. Conclusions: In this work, the authors build upon the recommendations of others to propose ways in which physicians and healthcare systems can work to reduce the disproportionate harms of these substances on historically marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Kaptur
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, 573544University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Peterman
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, 573544University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jan Lee
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, 573544University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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Pereira M, Pedro SN, Quental MV, Mohamadou A, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG. Integrated Approach to Extract and Purify Proteins from Honey by Ionic Liquid-Based Three-Phase Partitioning. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:9275-9281. [PMID: 36567916 PMCID: PMC9777929 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purification of value-added compounds by three-phase partitioning (TPP) is a promising alternative to conventional processes since the target compound can be easily recovered from the liquid-liquid interphase. Although this technique has been successfully applied to the recovery of proteins, the minimization of the use of salts and solvents must be pursued to improve the overall process sustainability. Accordingly, we have here investigated the use of biobased glycine-betaine ionic liquids (IL) directly with honey, a carbohydrate-rich matrix, as phase-forming components of TPP systems. These ILTPP systems were applied in the purification of major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) from honey. The results obtained show that MRJPs mostly precipitate in the ILTPP interphase, with a recovery yield ranging between 82.8% and 97.3%. In particular, MRJP1 can be obtained with a purity level up to 90.1%. Furthermore, these systems allow the simultaneous separation of antioxidants and carbohydrates to different liquid phases. The proposed approach allows the separation of proteins, antioxidants, and carbohydrates from honey in a single step, while using only ILs and a real carbohydrate-rich matrix, thus being sustainable TPP processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus
M. Pereira
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia N. Pedro
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria V. Quental
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aminou Mohamadou
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des
Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université
de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Caponio GR, Lippolis T, Tutino V, Gigante I, De Nunzio V, Milella RA, Gasparro M, Notarnicola M. Nutraceuticals: Focus on Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Cancer, Antioxidant Properties in Gastrointestinal Tract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071274. [PMID: 35883765 PMCID: PMC9312044 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nutraceuticals have gained great popularity, owing to their physiological and potential health effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and prebiotic effects, and their regulation of lipid metabolism. Since the Mediterranean diet is a nutritionally recommended dietary pattern including high-level consumption of nutraceuticals, this review aimed to summarize the main results obtained by our in vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of the major constituents of the Mediterranean diet (i.e., extra virgin olive oil compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fruit components). Based on experimental studies, the therapeutic purpose of nutraceuticals depends on their bioavailability, solubility, toxicity, and delivery system. This review provides more in-depth knowledge on the effects linked to nutraceuticals administration on human health, focusing the gastrointestinal tract and suggesting specific dietary components for personalized adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Caponio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Tamara Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Valeria Tutino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Valentina De Nunzio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Rosa Anna Milella
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010 Bari, Italy; (R.A.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marica Gasparro
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010 Bari, Italy; (R.A.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4994342
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9
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Cerulli A, Masullo M, Pizza C, Piacente S. Metabolite Profiling of “Green” Extracts of Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus, Cultivar “Carciofo di Paestum” PGI by 1H NMR and HRMS-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103328. [PMID: 35630805 PMCID: PMC9145539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L.), is a perennial plant widely cultivated in the Mediterranean area, known for its edible part named capitula or heads. Its functional properties are related to its high levels of polyphenolic compounds and inulin. “Carciofo di Paestum”, an Italian traditional cultivar, is a labeled PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) product of the Campania region, representing an important economic resource. So far, a few chemical investigations were performed on this cultivar, mainly focused on the analysis of methanol extracts. Due to the increasing use of food supplements, in this study, a comprehensive analysis of green extracts of “Carciofo di Paestum” PGI heads was performed. EtOH, EtOH: H2O (80:20, 70:30, 60:40) extracts, as well as infusions and decoctions prepared according to Pharmacopeia XII were analyzed by LC-ESI/QExactive/MS/MS. A total of 17 compounds corresponding to caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids were identified. The extracts were further submitted to NMR analysis to highlight the occurrence of primary metabolites. Both LCMS and NMR data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), showing significant differences among the extraction methods. Moreover, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were quantified in the extracts by LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) method. Furthermore, the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of C. cardunculus var. scolymus “Carciofo di Paestum” extracts were evaluated.
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Wu X, Chen Z, Wu Y, Chen Y, Jia J, Shen N, Chiba H, Hui SP. Flazin as a Lipid Droplet Regulator against Lipid Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071501. [PMID: 35406114 PMCID: PMC9002757 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorders are closely related to numerous metabolic diseases, and lipid droplets (LDs) have been considered as a new target for regulating lipid metabolism. Dietary intervention and nutraceuticals provide safe and long-term beneficial effects for treating metabolic diseases. Flazin is a diet-derived bioactive constituent mainly existing in fermented foods, of which the lipid metabolism improvement function has not been studied. In this study, the effect of flazin on lipid regulation at both cell level and organelle level was investigated. Lipidomic profiling showed that flazin significantly decreased cellular triglyceride (TG) by 12.0–22.4% compared with modeling groups and improved the TG and free fatty acid profile. LD staining revealed that flazin efficiently reduced both cellular neutral lipid content by 17.4–53.9% and LD size by 10.0–35.3%. Furthermore, nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis proved that flazin exhibited a preferential suppression of LD TG and regulated LD morphology, including a size decrease and surface property improvement. An evaluation of related gene expression suggested the mechanism to be lipolysis promotion and lipogenesis inhibition. These findings indicated that flazin might be an LD regulator for reversing lipid metabolism disturbance. Moreover, the strategy proposed in this study may contribute to developing other nutraceuticals for treating lipid disorder-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhi Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (N.S.)
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (N.S.)
| | - Yue Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (N.S.)
| | - Yifan Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (N.S.)
| | - Jiaping Jia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (N.S.)
| | - Nianqiu Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (N.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi-4-2-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan;
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-11-706-3693
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Nutraceutical Approach to Chronic Osteoarthritis: From Molecular Research to Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312920. [PMID: 34884724 PMCID: PMC8658017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative inflammatory condition of the joint cartilage that currently affects approximately 58 million adults in the world. It is characterized by pain, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion with regard to the arthritic joints. These symptoms can cause in the long term a greater risk of overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, and falls and fractures. Although the current guidelines for the treatment of OA suggest, as the gold standard for this condition, pharmacological treatment characterized by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), opioids, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-specific drugs, a great interest has been applied to nutraceutical supplements, which include a heterogeneous class of molecules with great potential to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, pain, and joint stiffness and improve cartilage formation. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential application of nutraceuticals in OA, highlighting its molecular mechanisms of actions and data of efficacy and safety (when available).
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12
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Hou Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Meng X. Highland mate: Edible and functional foods in traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of hypoxia-related symptoms. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:306-314. [PMID: 34508939 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The highlands evoke both fascination and awe. Regardless of the reason to live in the highlands, symptoms related to altitude sickness are unbearable because of low atmospheric pressure, low oxygen concentration, strong ultraviolet radiation, cold, and psychological factors. Food and herbal medicines and/or health-care foods have protected highland dwellers owing to their multisystem regulation. These versatile products combine health-care properties with medical values by enhancing immunity, relieving physical fatigue, improving sleep, and augmenting hypoxia tolerance, with rare side effects. We therefore aimed to provide a more comprehensive analysis of these nutraceuticals, which can be used to prevent and treat symptoms of altitude hypoxia in the Chinese market. Finally, we dissect a new perspective for their promotion and development from molecular aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Blaze J. A Comparison of Current Regulatory Frameworks for Nutraceuticals in Australia, Canada, Japan, and the United States. Innov Pharm 2021; 12. [PMID: 34345505 PMCID: PMC8326690 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v12i2.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutraceutical market is growing and the demand for products is increasing. Consumers are looking for cheaper alternatives to prescription medications as well as health products to supplement their dietary intake on a regular basis. Many countries classify these products into different categories based on their health claims. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast the differences of regulatory frameworks in countries of similar status in regard to nutraceutical products: vitamins, minerals, herbal supplements, and probiotics. This review also takes into consideration the aspects of nutraceutical safety in relation to government regulations. It is evident that further discussion is indicated with regard to the harmonization of nutraceutical product regulation in a global context in order to promote and protect public health. This literature review selected 27 documents for a review using a systematic search of internet databases and search engines including PUBMED and Google Scholar. These documents were reviewed and synthesized for data relating to nutraceutical regulation within the four different countries of focus. Outcomes included information on safety and toxicity, drug interactions, classification of products, and regulatory processes for nutraceutical product approval in each country.
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Abstract
Effects of nutraceuticals on the intestinal microbiota are receiving increased attention; however, there are few studies investigating their effects on broiler meat production. The aim of this study was to implement feeding strategies and carry out a comprehensive trial examining the interplay between natural biologically active compounds such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, fermentable oligosaccharides, and synbiotics and the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Our feeding program was applied to an intensive production system with a flock of 1,080 Ross 308 broilers. Aging induced significant changes through the feeding experiment. Nutraceuticals were shown to modulate broiler intestinal diversity and differentially enriched Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Campylobacter, and Streptococcus in the core microbiome during the different stages of broiler rearing. Additionally, they did not remarkably affect animal growth performance; nevertheless, a positive correlation was found between body weight and Corynebacteriales and Pseudomonadales. Furthermore, a diet high in carotenoid, fermentable oligosaccharide, and anthocyanin contents affected the number of beneficial genera such as Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Ruminococcus. With this comprehensive trial, we revealed that nutraceuticals induced modulations in broiler gastrointestinal tract microbiota. We believe that plant-derived immunostimulants, recycled from plant food waste products, can supplement antibiotic-free broiler meat production. IMPORTANCE In this trial, nutraceuticals were manufactured from waste products of food industry processing of Hungarian red sweet pepper and sour cherry and incorporated into the diet of poultry to investigate their effects on broilers’ growth and the broiler gastrointestinal tract microbiota. To avoid the generation of food waste products, we believe that this approach can be developed into a sustainable, green approach that can be implemented in commercial antibiotic-free poultry to provide safe and high-quality meat.
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Oh JH, Karadeniz F, Seo Y, Kong CS. Effect of Quercetin 3- O-β-D-Galactopyranoside on the Adipogenic and Osteoblastogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218044. [PMID: 33126698 PMCID: PMC7663619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products, especially phenols, are promising therapeutic agents with beneficial effects against aging-related complications such as osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (Q3G), a glycoside of a common bioactive phytochemical quercetin, on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). hBM-MSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes in the presence or absence of Q3G and the differentiation markers were analyzed to observe the effect. Q3G treatment stimulated the osteoblastogenesis markers: cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular mineralization. In addition, it upregulated the expression of RUNX2 and osteocalcin protein as osteoblastogenesis regulating transcription factors. Moreover, Q3G treatment increased the activation of osteoblastogenesis-related Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling displayed as elevated levels of phosphorylated β-catenin and Smad1/5 in nuclear fractions of osteo-induced hBM-MSCs. The presence of quercetin in adipo-induced hBM-MSC culture inhibited the adipogenic differentiation depicted as suppressed lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenesis markers such as PPARγ, SREBP1c and C/EBPα. In conclusion, Q3G supplementation stimulated osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs via Wnt/BMP and PPARγ pathways, respectively. This study provided useful information of the therapeutic potential of Q3G against osteoporosis mediated via regulation of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea;
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-999-5429
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