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Li Y, Huang L, Xu Y, Cheng B, Zhao M. Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Rosemary Essential Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Activity by Activating Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:3382. [PMID: 39064960 PMCID: PMC11279388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosemary essential oil (REO) is widely recognized as a food flavoring and traditional herb and possesses potential antioxidant activity. However, its low yield rate and unclarified antioxidant mechanism warrant further investigation. In this study, an enzyme pretreatment-assisted extraction method with Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) models was employed to optimize the main factors of REO, and its antioxidant molecular mechanism under oxidative stress was elucidated in hydrogen peroxide-induced human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. The optimized yield (4.10%) of REO was recorded with the following optimum conditions: enzyme amount 1.60%, enzyme digestion pH 5.0, enzyme digestion temperature 46.50 °C, and enzyme digestion time 1.7 h. Meanwhile, 1.8-cineole (53.48%) and β-pinene (20.23%) exhibited radical scavenging activity higher than that of BHA and BHT. At the cellular level, REO (12.5-50 µg/mL) increased the levels of cell viability, CAT, SOD, and GSH significantly while reducing the contents of ROS, MDA, and GSSG, when compared to H2O2 exposure. Mechanically, REO relieved oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhancing the protein expression of Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1, which was further verified by molecular docking between the main component 1.8-cineole and the Kelch domain of KEAP1. Therefore, REO could be considered as a potent natural antioxidant with a potential strategy in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongfang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou 450064, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Lai Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Xuan X, Zhu F, Ding S, Shang F, Chen Y, Zhao B, Lan C, Unver T, Huo G, Li X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Lu M, Pan X, Yang D, Li M, Zhang B, Zhang D. High-quality chromosome-level genome assembly and multi-omics analysis of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) reveals new insights into the environmental and genome adaptation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1833-1847. [PMID: 38363812 PMCID: PMC11182591 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
High-quality genome of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) represents a valuable resource and tool for understanding genome evolution and environmental adaptation as well as its genetic improvement. However, the existing rosemary genome did not provide insights into the relationship between antioxidant components and environmental adaptability. In this study, by employing Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technologies, a total of 1.17 Gb (97.96%) genome sequences were mapped to 12 chromosomes with 46 121 protein-coding genes and 1265 non-coding RNA genes. Comparative genome analysis reveals that rosemary had a closely genetic relationship with Salvia splendens and Salvia miltiorrhiza, and it diverged from them approximately 33.7 million years ago (MYA), and one whole-genome duplication occurred around 28.3 MYA in rosemary genome. Among all identified rosemary genes, 1918 gene families were expanded, 35 of which are involved in the biosynthesis of antioxidant components. These expanded gene families enhance the ability of rosemary adaptation to adverse environments. Multi-omics (integrated transcriptome and metabolome) analysis showed the tissue-specific distribution of antioxidant components related to environmental adaptation. During the drought, heat and salt stress treatments, 36 genes in the biosynthesis pathways of carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and flavonoids were up-regulated, illustrating the important role of these antioxidant components in responding to abiotic stresses by adjusting ROS homeostasis. Moreover, cooperating with the photosynthesis, substance and energy metabolism, protein and ion balance, the collaborative system maintained cell stability and improved the ability of rosemary against harsh environment. This study provides a genomic data platform for gene discovery and precision breeding in rosemary. Our results also provide new insights into the adaptive evolution of rosemary and the contribution of antioxidant components in resistance to harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lai
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Jinghua Ma
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi‐Omics Research, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Xiaobo Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River BasinMinistry of Water ResourcesZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fengyun Zhu
- School of Biological and Food Processing EngineeringHuanghuai UniversityZhumadianHenanChina
| | - Shen Ding
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fude Shang
- College of Life ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi‐Omics Research, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Chen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi‐Omics Research, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | | | - George Huo
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ximei Li
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Life ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yufang Liu
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Mengfei Lu
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Deshuang Yang
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Mingwan Li
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- College of ForestryHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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3
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Ilie EI, Popescu L, Luță EA, Biță A, Corbu AR, Mihai DP, Pogan AC, Balaci TD, Mincă A, Duțu LE, Olaru OT, Boscencu R, Gîrd CE. Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation for Some Plant Extracts in Conjunction with Pharmacological Mechanism Prediction: Insights into Potential Therapeutic Applications in Dyslipidemia and Obesity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1431. [PMID: 39062004 PMCID: PMC11274650 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism dysregulation can lead to dyslipidemia and obesity, which are major causes of cardiovascular disease and associated mortality worldwide. The purpose of the study was to obtain and characterize six plant extracts (ACE-Allii cepae extractum; RSE-Rosmarini extractum; CHE-Cichorii extractum; CE-Cynarae extractum; AGE-Apii graveolentis extractum; CGE-Crataegi extractum) as promising adjuvant therapies for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia and its related metabolic diseases. Phytochemical screening revealed that RSE was the richest extract in total polyphenols (39.62 ± 13.16 g tannic acid/100 g dry extract) and phenolcarboxylic acids (22.05 ± 1.31 g chlorogenic acid/100 g dry extract). Moreover, the spectrophotometric chemical profile highlighted a significant concentration of flavones for CGE (5.32 ± 0.26 g rutoside/100 g dry extract), in contrast to the other extracts. UHPLC-MS quantification detected considerable amounts of phenolic constituents, especially chlorogenic acid in CGE (187.435 ± 1.96 mg/g extract) and rosmarinic acid in RSE (317.100 ± 2.70 mg/g extract). Rosemary and hawthorn extracts showed significantly stronger free radical scavenging activity compared to the other plant extracts (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis and the heatmap correlation matrix indicated significant correlations between phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant activities. Computational studies were performed to investigate the potential anti-obesity mechanism of the studied extracts using target prediction, homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics approaches. Our study revealed that rosmarinic acid (RA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) can form stable complexes with the active site of carbonic anhydrase 5A by either interacting with the zinc-bound catalytic water molecule or by directly binding Zn2+. Further studies are warranted to experimentally validate the predicted CA5A inhibitory activities of RA and CGA and to investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of the proposed plant extracts in animal models of dyslipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Iuliana Ilie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Liliana Popescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Emanuela-Alice Luță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Andrei Biță
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Radu Corbu
- Department of Horticulture & Food Science, University of Craiova, AI Cuza 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Dragoș Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Ana Corina Pogan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Teodora Dalila Balaci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Alexandru Mincă
- Department of Medical Semiology, Discipline of Internal Medicine I and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Eroii Sanitari 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ligia Elena Duțu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.I.); (E.-A.L.); (A.C.P.); (T.D.B.); (L.E.D.); (O.T.O.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
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El Sala AA, Khawaja G, Khalil M, Salam SA. Rosemary essential oil potentiates the antitumour activity of 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal carcinoma cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:691-700. [PMID: 38459835 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improving response rates in colorectal cancer (CRC) is an urgent clinical need. This study aimed to explore the synergistic action of Lebanese rosemary essential oil (REO) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in HCT116 CRC cells. METHODS We tested the cell viability of monotherapy and combination therapy. The combination index was calculated using CompuSyn software to evaluate drug-drug interactions and the level of synergistic cytotoxicity. We also evaluated cell migration and cytopathology. Furthermore, cell apoptosis-related proteins (i.e. Bax and Bcl-2) were measured by Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS The REO/5-FU combination synergistically reduced cell viability, effectively decreased cell migration, and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in HCT116 cells. This triggered a proapoptotic morphology and initiated an apoptotic cascade in HCT116 cells, as indicated by a higher Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence of the REO/5-FU combination as a better approach to improve 5-FU anticancer efficacy and allow the use of lower 5-FU doses due to the adjuvant effect of REO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ali El Sala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
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Campo C, Gangemi S, Pioggia G, Allegra A. Beneficial Effect of Olive Oil and Its Derivates: Focus on Hematological Neoplasm. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:583. [PMID: 38792604 PMCID: PMC11122568 DOI: 10.3390/life14050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (Olea europaea) is one of the major components of the Mediterranean diet and is composed of a greater percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid; polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid; and minor compounds, such as phenolic compounds, and particularly hydroxytyrosol. The latter, in fact, are of greater interest since they have found widespread use in popular medicine. In recent years, it has been documented that phenolic acids and in particular hydroxytyrosol have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative action and therefore interest in their possible use in clinical practice and in particular in neoplasms, both solid and hematological, has arisen. This work aims to summarize and analyze the studies present in the literature, both in vitro and in vivo, on the possible use of minor components of olive oil in some hematological neoplasms. In recent years, in fact, interest in nutraceutical science has expanded as a possible adjuvant in the treatment of neoplastic pathologies. Although it is worth underlining that, regarding the object of our study, there are still few preclinical and clinical studies, it is, however, possible to document a role of possible interest in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Campo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 9815 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98158 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 9815 Messina, Italy;
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Kostelecka K, Bryliński Ł, Komar O, Michalczyk J, Miłosz A, Biłogras J, Woliński F, Forma A, Baj J. An Overview of the Spices Used for the Prevention and Potential Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1611. [PMID: 38672692 PMCID: PMC11049028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks third in terms of cancer-related deaths and is the fifth most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. Its risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, the consumption of broiled and charbroiled animal meats, salt-preserved and smoke-enhanced foods, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, exposure to ionizing radiation, and positive family history. The limited effectiveness of conventional therapies and the widespread risk factors of GC encourage the search for new methods of treatment and prevention. In the quest for cheap and commonly available medications, numerous studies focus on herbal medicine, traditional brews, and spices. In this review, we outline the potential use of spices, including turmeric, ginger, garlic, black cumin, chili pepper, saffron, black pepper, rosemary, galangal, coriander, wasabi, cinnamon, oregano, cardamom, fenugreek, caraway, clove, dill, thyme, Piper sarmentosum, basil, as well as the compounds they contain, in the prevention and treatment of GC. We present the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the effectivity of a given seasoning substance and their impact on GC cells. We discuss their potential effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. For most of the spices discussed, we also outline the unavailability and side effects of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kostelecka
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Łukasz Bryliński
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Olga Komar
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Justyna Michalczyk
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Agata Miłosz
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Biłogras
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Filip Woliński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
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Furci F, Cicero N, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Salvia rosmarinus: a possible role in unmet therapeutic needs in the prevention and care of immunological disorders. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38587141 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2338815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Furci
- Provincial Healthcare Unit, Section of Allergy, Vibo Valentia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Alinaghi M, Mokarram P, Ahmadi M, Bozorg-Ghalati F. Biosynthesis of palladium, platinum, and their bimetallic nanoparticles using rosemary and ginseng herbal plants: evaluation of anticancer activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5798. [PMID: 38461314 PMCID: PMC10925055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, palladium (II) and platinum (II), as well as their bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using medicinal plants in an eco-friendly manner. Rosemary and Ginseng extracts were chosen due to their promising anticancer potential. The synthesized nanoparticles underwent characterization through FT-IR spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques. Once the expected structures were confirmed, the performance of these nanoparticles, which exhibited an optimal size, was evaluated as potential anticancer agents through in vitro method on colon cancer cell lines (Ls180, SW480). MTT assay studies showed that the synthesized nanoparticles induced cell death. Moreover, real-time PCR was employed to investigate autophagy markers and the effect of nanoparticles on the apoptosis process, demonstrating a significant effect of the synthesized compounds in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Alinaghi
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Bozorg-Ghalati
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wan SS, Li XY, Liu SR, Tang S. The function of carnosic acid in lipopolysaccharides-induced hepatic and intestinal inflammation in poultry. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103415. [PMID: 38215508 PMCID: PMC10821594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are often accompanied by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which might lead to cellular and organ damage. Carnosic acid (CA), an active component found in rosemary, exhibits pharmacological properties including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. The aim of this research was to investigate whether CA can mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in poultry and to understand its underlying mechanisms. We administered CA to broiler chickens via oral gavage and treated them with LPS, followed by analysis of the effects of different dosages of CA on body weight, antioxidative capacity, and inflammatory factors. Carnosic acid had no significant impact on the body weight of broiler chickens. However, serum analysis indicated that the middle dose of CA effectively enhanced the antioxidative capacity and reduced levels of oxidative stress and inflammation-related factors. Moreover, in the liver, CA demonstrated the ability to regulate the expression of proteins such as heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38), suggesting its protective role against liver damage induced by LPS. In the intestinal tract of broiler chickens, CA regulated the expression and localization of proteins including HSP60, HSP70, NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), and P38, while also influencing the expression of inflammatory markers such as protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (CD45), and connexin (Cx). These findings revealed the potential protective mechanisms of CA in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory damage induced by LPS in poultry. Carnosic acid notably enhanced the chickens' antioxidative capacity by modulating the expression of key proteins, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response levels. This study provides a deeper comprehension of the protective mechanisms of CA and its potential impact on avian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Si-Rui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Abbaoui Z, Merzouki M, Oualdi I, Bitari A, Oussaid A, Challioui A, Touzani R, Hammouti B, Agerico Diño W. Alzheimer's disease: In silico study of rosemary diterpenes activities. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100159. [PMID: 38455759 PMCID: PMC10918482 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The global surge in Alzheimer's disease poses a significant public health concern. In response, we study the efficacy of carnosic acid and related abietane-type diterpenes extracted from rosemary as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Our analyses, using in silico techniques, encompassed all the compounds within this extract. Through molecular docking, we explored how these compounds interact with the active site of the AChE protein. The docking scores, ranging from -5.560 Kcal/mol to -7.270 Kcal/mol, indicate robust binding affinities. Assessment of the ADME/T (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) properties and pharmacokinetics of these compounds reveal favorable profiles for all the tested substances. These encouraging results suggest the potential of these compounds as candidates for further development to prevent and/or treat Alzheimer's disease. Among these compounds, we find rosmanol as the most likely candidate for further research and clinical trials to validate their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariae Abbaoui
- University Mohammed Premier, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- University Mohammed Premier, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Imane Oualdi
- University Mohammed Premier, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Bitari
- University Mohammed Premier, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBES), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdelouhed Oussaid
- University Mohammed Premier, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Allal Challioui
- University Mohammed Premier, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rachid Touzani
- University Mohammed Premier, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE), Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Wilson Agerico Diño
- Osaka University, Department of Applied Physics, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Li T, Wang W, Guo Q, Li J, Tang T, Wang Y, Liu D, Yang K, Li J, Deng K, Wang F, Li H, Wu Z, Guo J, Guo D, Shi Y, Zou J, Sun J, Zhang X, Yang M. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) hydrosol based on serotonergic synapse for insomnia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116984. [PMID: 37532071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been widely used as a traditional remedy for insomnia, depression and anxiety in China and Western countries. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that rosemary has important applications in neurological disorders. However, the mechanism of action of rosemary hydrosol in the treatment of insomnia is not known. AIMS OF THE STUDY Insomnia is closely linked to anxiety and depression, and its pathogenesis is related to biology, psychology, and sociology. Rosemary is a natural plant that has been used to treat insomnia and depression and has good biological activity, but its material basis and mechanism for the treatment of insomnia are not clear. Here, we report on the role of aqueous extracts of rosemary in the treatment of insomnia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was based on network pharmacology, using a combination of RNA-sequencing, "quantity-effect" weighting coefficients, and pharmacodynamic experiments. DL-4-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was intraperitoneally injected into SD rats to replicate the insomnia model with a blank, model, diazepam, and rosemary hydrosol low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were set up for the experiment. The key pathways in the treatment of insomnia with rosemary hydrosol were analyzed by molecular docking, open field assay, ELISA, western-Blot, Rt-PCR, and immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS Rosemary hydrosol was analyzed by GC-MS to identify 19 components. 1579 differential genes were obtained by RNA-Seq analysis, 533 targets for rosemary hydrosol and 2705 targets for insomnia, and 29 key targets were obtained by intersection. The KEGG results were ranked by "quantity-effect" weighting coefficients, resulting in serotonergic synapse was the key pathway for the treatment of insomnia with rosemary hydrosol. Molecular docking results showed that 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-one, 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol, caryophyllene, and citronellol of rosemary hydrosol acted synergistically to achieve a therapeutic effect on insomnia. Caryophyllene acts on the HTR1A target by upregulating 5-HT1AR, leading to increased 5-HT release, and upregulation of ADCY5, cAMP, PKA and GABAA at serotonergic synapses; citronellol upregulated ADCY5 and 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-one, and 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol up-regulated GABAA to improve insomnia symptoms. In open-field experiments, ELISA kits (5-HT, GABA, and DA), Western-blotting, Rt-PCR and immunohistochemical assay experiments, insomnia rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups of rosemary hydrosol showed different degrees of improvement compared with the model group. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that rosemary hydrosol may exert its therapeutic effects on insomnia through serotonergic synapses by combining RNA-Seq, "quantity-effect" weighting coefficients network pharmacology and pharmacodynamic experiments. We have provided a preliminary theoretical study for the development of rosemary hydrosol additive into a beverage for the treatment of insomnia, but it needs to be studied in depth. This study was conducted in rats and the results have limitations and may not apply to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuting Guo
- Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaixue Deng
- Shaanxi Jianchi Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- Shaanxi Province Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Key Laboratory, Shaanxi Institute of Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.
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12
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Qiu K, Wang S, Duan F, Sang Z, Wei S, Liu H, Tan H. Rosemary: Unrevealing an old aromatic crop as a new source of promising functional food additive-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13273. [PMID: 38284599 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the most famous spice plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family as a remarkably beautiful horticultural plant and economically agricultural crop. The essential oil of rosemary has been enthusiastically welcome in the whole world for hundreds of years. Now, it is wildly prevailing as a promising functional food additive for human health. More importantly, due to its significant aroma, food, and nutritional value, rosemary also plays an essential role in the food/feed additive and food packaging industries. Modern industrial development and fundamental scientific research have extensively revealed its unique phytochemical constituents with biologically meaningful activities, which closely related to diverse human health functions. In this review, we provide a comprehensively systematic perspective on rosemary by summarizing the structures of various pharmacological and nutritional components, biologically functional activities and their molecular regulatory networks required in food developments, and the recent advances in their applications in the food industry. Finally, the temporary limitations and future research trends regarding the development of rosemary components are also discussed and prospected. Hence, the review covering the fundamental research advances and developing prospects of rosemary is a desirable demand to facilitate their better understanding, and it will also serve as a reference to provide many insights for the future promotion of the research and development of functional foods related to rosemary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sasa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihuan Sang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Tan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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13
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Bouammali H, Zraibi L, Ziani I, Merzouki M, Bourassi L, Fraj E, Challioui A, Azzaoui K, Sabbahi R, Hammouti B, Jodeh S, Hassiba M, Touzani R. Rosemary as a Potential Source of Natural Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents: A Molecular Docking Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 38202397 PMCID: PMC10780489 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. compounds, especially its main polyphenolic compounds, carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA), influence various facets of cancer biology, making them valuable assets in the ongoing fight against cancer. These two secondary metabolites exhibit formidable antioxidant properties that are a pivotal contributor against the development of cancer. Their antitumor effect has been related to diverse mechanisms. In the case of CA, it has the capacity to induce cell death of cancer cells through the rise in ROS levels within the cells, the inhibition of protein kinase AKT, the activation of autophagy-related genes (ATG) and the disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential. Regarding RA, its antitumor actions encompass apoptosis induction through caspase activation, the inhibition of cell proliferation by interrupting cell cycle progression and epigenetic regulation, antioxidative stress-induced DNA damage, and interference with angiogenesis to curtail tumor growth. To understand the molecular interaction between rosemary compounds (CA and RA) and a protein that is involved in cancer and inflammation, S100A8, we have performed a series of molecular docking analyses using the available three-dimensional structures (PDBID: 1IRJ, 1MR8, and 4GGF). The ligands showed different binding intensities in the active sites with the protein target molecules, except for CA with the 1MR8 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham Bouammali
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Linda Zraibi
- Water, Environment and Sustainable Development Laboratory (LEEDD), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Imane Ziani
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Lamiae Bourassi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Elmehdi Fraj
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Allal Challioui
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Khalil Azzaoui
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco;
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30070, Morocco; (R.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Rachid Sabbahi
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30070, Morocco; (R.S.); (B.H.)
- Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Quartier 25 Mars, P.O. Box 3007, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30070, Morocco; (R.S.); (B.H.)
- Laboratory of Industrial Engineering, Energy and the Environment (LI3E), SupMTI, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Shehdeh Jodeh
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine;
| | - Maryam Hassiba
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Rachid Touzani
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
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14
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Furci F, Cicero N, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Microbiota, Diet and Acute Leukaemia: Tips and Tricks on Their Possible Connections. Nutrients 2023; 15:4253. [PMID: 37836537 PMCID: PMC10574113 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute leukaemia is probably one of the most recurrent cancers in children and younger adults, with an incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in 80% of cases and an incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia in 15% of cases. Yet, while incidence is common in children and adolescents, acute leukaemia is a rare disease whose aetiology still requires further analysis. Many studies have investigated the aetiology of acute leukaemia, reporting that the formation of gut microbiota may be modified by the start and development of many diseases. Considering that in patients affected by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, there is an inherent disequilibrium in the gut microbiota before treatment compared with healthy patients, increasing evidence shows how dysbiosis of the gut microbiota provokes an inflammatory immune response, contributing to the development of cancer. Our analysis suggeststhe key role of gut microbiota in the modulation of the efficacy of leukaemia treatment as well as in the progress of many cancers, such as acute leukaemia. Therefore, in this paper, we present an examination of information found in literature regarding the role of dietary factors and gut microbiota alterations in the development of leukaemia and suggest possible future preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Furci
- Provincial Healthcare Unit, Section of Allergy, 89900 Vibo Valentia, Italy;
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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15
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Cancemi G, Cicero N, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Effect of Diet and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1674. [PMID: 37759977 PMCID: PMC10525385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of pathologies that result from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. They are classified into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; the latter develops as a result of B, T, or NK cells undergoing malignant transformation. It is believed that diet can modulate cellular redox state and that oxidative stress is implicated in lymphomagenesis by acting on several biological mechanisms; in fact, oxidative stress can generate a state of chronic inflammation through the activation of various transcription factors, thereby increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and causing overstimulation of B lymphocytes in the production of antibodies and possible alterations in cellular DNA. The purpose of our work is to investigate the results of in vitro and in vivo studies on the possible interaction between lymphomas, oxidative stress, and diet. A variety of dietary regimens and substances introduced with the diet that may have antioxidant and antiproliferative effects were assessed. The possibility of using nutraceuticals as novel anticancer agents is discussed; although the use of natural substances in lymphoma therapy is an interesting field of study, further studies are needed to define the efficacy of different nutraceuticals before introducing them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cancemi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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16
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Peterle L, Sanfilippo S, Borgia F, Li Pomi F, Vadalà R, Costa R, Cicero N, Gangemi S. The Role of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Skin Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Foods 2023; 12:2629. [PMID: 37444367 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a prevalent type of cancer worldwide and has a high growth rate compared to other diseases. Although modern targeted therapies have improved the management of cutaneous neoplasms, there is an urgent requirement for a safer, more affordable, and effective chemoprevention and treatment strategy for skin cancer. Nutraceuticals, which are natural substances derived from food, have emerged as a potential alternative or adjunctive treatment option. In this review, we explore the current evidence on the use of omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, apigenin, resveratrol, and genistein) for the treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), as well as in their prevention. We discuss the mechanisms of action of the aforementioned nutraceuticals and their probable therapeutic benefits in skin cancer. Omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, apigenin, resveratrol, and genistein have several properties, among which are anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor, which can help to prevent and treat skin cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited due to poor bioavailability. Nanoparticles and other delivery systems can improve their absorption and targeting. More research is needed to evaluate their safety and effectiveness as a natural approach to skin cancer prevention and treatment. These compounds should not replace conventional cancer treatments, but may be used as complementary therapy under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Peterle
- School and Operative Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria-Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Sanfilippo
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria-Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- School and Operative Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria-Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Li Pomi
- School and Operative Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria-Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Science4life srl, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria-Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Chen J, Sun N, Li F, Li H, Tian J, Zheng S, Zhang L, Wang H, Luo Y. Carnosol Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Inhibiting Th17-Mediated Immunity and Favoring Suppressive Activity of Regulatory T Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1179973. [PMID: 37415927 PMCID: PMC10322527 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1179973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches are incurable for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper cells (Th1 and Th17) are crucial in controlling the process of RA, which is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and bone destruction. Carnosol is an orthodiphenolic diterpene that has been extensively applied in traditional medicine for the treatment of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we indicate that administration of carnosol dramatically alleviated the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model with a decreased clinical score and inflammation reduction. Cellular mechanistically, carnosol inhibits the Th17 cell differentiation and maintains Treg cell suppressive function in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, it also restrains Treg cells from transdifferentiation into Th17 cells under inflammatory milieu. Furthermore, carnosol modulates the function of Th17 and Treg cells possibly via limiting IL-6R (CD126) expression. Collectively, our results suggest that carnosol can alleviate the severity of CIA via hiding Th17 cell differentiation and maintain the stability of Treg cells. Administration of carnosol can be applied as a potential therapy for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- The Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Nianzhe Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Fuhan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Haolin Li
- Rheumatic Bone Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Jiale Tian
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Songguo Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Rheumatic Bone Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
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Allegra A, Caserta S, Genovese S, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1255. [PMID: 37371985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic, developmental, biochemical, and environmental variables interact intricately to produce sex differences. The significance of sex differences in cancer susceptibility is being clarified by numerous studies. Epidemiological research and cancer registries have revealed over the past few years that there are definite sex variations in cancer incidence, progression, and survival. However, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also have a significant impact on the response to treatment of neoplastic diseases. Young women may be more protected from cancer than men because most of the proteins implicated in the regulation of redox state and mitochondrial function are under the control of sexual hormones. In this review, we describe how sexual hormones control the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria, as well as how they affect several neoplastic diseases. The molecular pathways that underlie the gender-related discrepancies in cancer that have been identified may be better understood, which may lead to more effective precision medicine and vital information on treatment options for both males and females with neoplastic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Genovese
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Huđek Turković A, Durgo K, Čučković F, Ledenko I, Krizmanić T, Martinić A, Vojvodić Cebin A, Komes D, Milić M. Reduction of oral pathogens and oxidative damage in the CAL 27 cell line by Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Taraxacum officinale Web. Extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116761. [PMID: 37301304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) are treasured botanicals with a long usage history in traditional herbal practices worldwide. Dandelion was used to treat kidney, spleen, and liver disease, as well as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and bacterial infections, whereas rosemary was used to treat pain, spasms, and to improve blood circulation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to determine the influence of rosemary and dandelion leaves aqueous extracts on the human tongue epithelial carcinoma cell line (CAL 27) at the level of interaction between oral microbiota and tongue epithelial cells, genomic damage, and H2O2 - induced oxidative damage protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polyphenolic composition of the extracts was determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses. After extract treatment, cytotoxic impact and ROS generation in CAL 27 cells were measured using the MTT assay and the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, respectively. Microdilutions were applied to investigate the antimicrobial and adhesive properties against representatives of the oral microbiota. The single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN cyt) were used to detect induced genomic damages. RESULTS Both extracts increased the adhesion of the lactic acid bacteria L. plantarum but decreased the adhesion of the bacterial pathogens S. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT21 and E. coli K-12 MG1655 adhesion onto CAL 27 cells. 1 h treatment with 5x concentrated dandelion extract and 1x, 2.5x, and 5x of rosemary extract caused an increase in comet tail intensity. CBMN cyt results demonstrated a significant increase in micronucleus formation even at concentrations several times lower than the usual bioactive compound concentrations found in a cup of beverage, with higher concentrations also inducing cell apoptosis and necrosis. Rosemary extract showed a protective effect against H2O2 - induced oxidative damage by decreasing the apoptotic cell number, probably preventing mutations leading to tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Both tested extracts demonstrated their usefulness in maintaining good oral bacteria balance and their protective capability as powerful antitumor agents by causing a protective apoptotic effect in tumor cell line already at the dosage of an average daily cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Huđek Turković
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ksenija Durgo
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Florentina Čučković
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Ledenko
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tena Krizmanić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arijana Martinić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Draženka Komes
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chalertpet K, Sangkheereeput T, Somjit P, Bankeeree W, Yanatatsaneejit P. Effect of Smilax spp. and Phellinus linteus combination on cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:177. [PMID: 37264344 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of breast cancer (BC) has been reduced in recent years, proficient therapeutic regimens should be further investigated with the aim of further reducing the mortality rate. To obtain more effective treatment, the present study aimed to observe the effects of PL synergistically combined with Smilax corbularia and S. glabra extracts (PSS) on BC cell lines, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. METHODS The half-maximal inhibition (IC50) concentrations of PSS and PL were determined in a dose- and time-dependent manner using MTT assay. The activity of PSS and PL on anti-BC proliferation was evaluated using BrdU assay, and colony formation assay. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction as a result of PSS and PL exposure were investigated using propidium iodide (PI) staining and co-staining of annexin V DY634 and PI combined flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Finally, changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in proliferative and apoptotic pathways (MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, PI3KCA, KRAS, BAX, and CASP8) were explored using RT-qPCR following PSS and PL treatment. RESULTS The PSS and PL extracts exhibited significant potential in BC cytotoxicity which were in were in dose- and time-dependent response. This inhibition of cell growth was due to the suppression of cell proliferation, the cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, an investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that PSS and PL are involved in downregulation of the MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, and PI3KCA expression. CONCLUSIONS This present study has suggested that PSS and PL possess anti-BC proliferative activity mediated via the downregulation of genes participating in the relevant pathways. PSS or PL may be combined with other agents to alleviate the adverse side effects resulted from conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwalat Chalertpet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanawitch Sangkheereeput
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prakaithip Somjit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Caserta S, Genovese C, Cicero N, Gangemi S, Allegra A. The Anti-Cancer Effect of Cinnamon Aqueous Extract: A Focus on Hematological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051176. [PMID: 37240821 DOI: 10.3390/life13051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon is an evergreen and tropical plant of the family Lauraceae, growing particularly in Sri Lanka, whose aqueous extract has been tested in different studies to evaluate its possible use as an anti-cancer compound. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments seem to confirm that it acts on various cellular pathways, contributing to down-regulating the activity of molecules that stimulate the proliferation and survival of cells such as the transcription factors NF-KB and AP-1, COX-2, dihydrofolate reductase and pro-angiogenic substances such as VEGF, while up-regulating the function of immune cells against tumors, such as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In hematological malignancies, aqueous cinnamon extract has been studied in order to understand if it is possible to count on its help, alone or in combination with traditional drugs such as doxorubicin, to treat patients. The aim of our work is to investigate results from in vitro and in vivo studies about the possible anti-cancer effect of aqueous cinnamon extract in hematological malignancies and the different pathways involved in its action. The possibility of using cinnamon extract in clinical practice is discussed; even if its use could appear very interesting, more studies are necessary to clear the real potentiality of this substance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Genovese
- National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Li Pomi F, Papa V, Borgia F, Vaccaro M, Allegra A, Cicero N, Gangemi S. Rosmarinus officinalis and Skin: Antioxidant Activity and Possible Therapeutical Role in Cutaneous Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030680. [PMID: 36978928 PMCID: PMC10045493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rosemary plant, Rosmarinus officinalis L., one of the main members of the Lamiaceae family, is currently one of the most promising herbal medicines due to its pharmaceutical properties. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant role of Rosmarinus officinalis and its bioactive compounds on the skin, with a focus on the newly emerging molecular mechanisms involved, providing extensive scientific evidence of its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing and anticancer activity in dermatological practice. The search was conducted on articles concerning in vitro and in vivo studies in both animals and humans. The results obtained confirm the antioxidant role of R. officinalis. This assumption derives the possibility of using R. officinalis or its bioactive elements for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious skin pathologies. However, although the use of rosemary in the treatment of skin diseases represents a fascinating line of research, future perspectives still require large and controlled clinical trials in order to definitively elucidate the real impact of this plant and its components in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Danisman B, Cicek B, Yildirim S, Bolat I, Kantar D, Golokhvast KS, Nikitovic D, Tsatsakis A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A. Carnosic Acid Ameliorates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Rats by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030829. [PMID: 36979808 PMCID: PMC10045571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and indomethacin (IND) are the most commonly prescribed for inflammation or pain. However, widespread use causes several adverse effects, such as gastric ulcers, upper gastric system bleeding, and erosions. Carnosic acid (CA) is an important natural antioxidant found in rosemary (Rosmarinus essentials) and exhibits a protective effect by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CA on IND-induced gastric ulceration. Wistar male rats received CA (100 mg/kg) or esomeprazole (ESP) (20 mg/kg, standard drug) by oral gavage for 14 days, after that gastric ulceration was induced by oral administration of 100 mg/kg IND. CA pretreatment attenuated both gross morphological lesions and histopathological alterations. CA strongly reduced IND-induced oxidative stress, verified by a decrease in MDA (p < 0.001) and TOS levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an IND-dependent increase in CAT (p < 0.001) and GPx (p < 0.01) activities, as well as a reduction in GSH levels (p < 0.01), were ameliorated by CA pretreatment. CA also attenuated inflammatory damage by suppressing IL-1β (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.01), and TNFα (p < 0.001) production and increasing Nrf2/HO-1 (p < 0.05) expressions. In conclusion, CA shows a gastroprotective effect by reducing oxidative stress and attenuating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Danisman
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Betul Cicek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kantar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya, Presidium, Krasnoobsk 633501, Russia
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11000, Turkey
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (A.T.)
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Farhadi F, Baradaran Rahimi V, Mohamadi N, Askari VR. Effects of rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, rosmanol, carnosol, and ursolic acid on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Biofactors 2022. [PMID: 36564953 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to identify preclinical and clinical studies examining the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CaA), rosmanol (RO), carnosol (CA), and ursolic acid (UA) against allergic and immunologic disorders. Various online databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Cochrane trials, and Scopus, were searched from inception until October 2022. Due to the suppression of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, the main factor in allergic asthma, RA may be a promising candidate for the treatment of asthma. The other ingredients comprising CA and UA reduce the expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and improve airway inflammation. Rosemary's anti-cancer effect is mediated by several mechanisms, including DNA fragmentation, apoptosis induction, inhibition of astrocyte-upregulated gene-1 expression, and obstruction of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. The compounds, essentially found in Rosemary essential oil, prevent smooth muscle contraction through its calcium antagonistic effects, inhibiting acetylcholine (ACH), histamine, and norepinephrine stimulation. Additionally, CA exhibits a substantially greater interaction with the nicotinic ACH receptor than a family of medications that relax the smooth muscles, making it a potent antispasmodic treatment. The components have demonstrated therapeutic effects on the immune, allergy, and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Farhadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Mohamadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Influence of enzymatic pretreatment on yield and chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Effect of enzymatic pretreatment before hydrodistillation process on yield and composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil was studied. Results obtained by using two selected commercial enzymes applied in food and beverage industry were compared. Control process with non-enzymatic pretreatment in analogous conditions was also performed for proper interpretation of results. Application of gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS) enabled analysis and comparison of essential oils composition. Moreover, total phenolic content (TPC) was determined spectrophotometrically in post-processing hydrolates, which are also valuable products e.g. for cosmetic applications. Modifications of isolation process by pretreatment with selected enzymes resulted in significant increase in essential oil yields in comparison to conventional hydrodistillation and control process with non-enzymatic pretreatment in analogous conditions. No substantial changes in the composition of obtained essential oils were observed. In post-processing hydrolates higher values of total phenolic content (TPC) were found both after enzymatic and non-enzymatic pretreatment.
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Allegra A, Mirabile G, Ettari R, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. The Impact of Curcumin on Immune Response: An Immunomodulatory Strategy to Treat Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314710. [PMID: 36499036 PMCID: PMC9738113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies cause an alteration in the immune response which can increase the rate of infectious diseases and worsened prognoses. They can also alter the immune response, thus, making the infection even worse. Curcumin is the most biologically active component of the turmeric root and appears to be an antimicrobial agent. Curcumin cooperates with various cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, B, T, and natural killer cells to modify the body's defence capacity. Curcumin also inhibits inflammatory responses by suppressing different metabolic pathways, reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines, and increases the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Curcumin may also affect oxidative stress and the non-coding genetic material. This review analyses the relationships between immunodeficiency and the onset of infectious diseases and discusses the effects of curcumin and its derivatives on the immune response. In addition, we analyse some of the preclinical and clinical studies that support its possible use in prophylaxis or in the treatment of infectious diseases. Lastly, we examine how nanotechnologies can enhance the clinical use of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Multitargeted Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis against Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217241. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been associated with the hallmark features of cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and impaired synaptic transmission, which makes the associated proteins, such as β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE I), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and synapsin I, II and III, major targets for therapeutic intervention. The present study investigated the therapeutic potential of three major phytochemicals of Rosmarinus officinalis, ursolic acid (UA), rosmarinic acid (RA) and carnosic acid (CA), based on their binding affinity with AD-associated proteins. Detailed docking studies were conducted using AutoDock vina followed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using Amber 20. The docking analysis of the selected molecules showed the binding energies of their interaction with the target proteins, while MD simulations comprising root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) binding free energy calculations were carried out to check the stability of bound complexes. The drug likeness and the pharmacokinetic properties of the selected molecules were also checked through the Lipinski filter and ADMETSAR analysis. All these bioactive compounds demonstrated strong binding affinity with AChE, BACE1 and synapsin I, II and III. The results showed UA and RA to be potential inhibitors of AChE and BACE1, exhibiting binding energies comparable to those of donepezil, used as a positive control. The drug likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds also demonstrated drug-like characteristics, indicating the need for further in vitro and in vivo investigations to ascertain their therapeutic potential for AD.
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Cytotoxic Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis Extract on Glioblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196348. [PMID: 36234882 PMCID: PMC9573533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis is a well-studied plant, known for its therapeutic properties. However, its biological activity against several diseases is not known in detail. The aim of this study is to present new data regarding the cytotoxic activity of a hydroethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis on glioblastoma (A172) and rhabdomyosarcoma (TE671) cancer cell lines. The chemical composition of the extract is evaluated using liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, alongside its total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The extract showed a promising time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against both cell lines. The lowest IC50 values for both cell lines were calculated at 72 h after treatment and correspond to 0.249 ± 1.09 mg/mL for TE671 cell line and 0.577 ± 0.98 mg/mL for A172 cell line. The extract presented high phenolic content, equal to 35.65 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g of dry material as well as a strong antioxidant activity. The IC50 values for the antioxidant assays were estimated at 12.8 ± 2.7 μg/mL (DPPH assay) and 6.98 ± 1.9 μg/mL (ABTS assay). The compound detected in abundance was carnosol, a phenolic diterpene, followed by the polyphenol rosmarinic acid, while the presence of phenolic compounds such as rhamnetin glucoside, hesperidin, cirsimaritin was notable. These preliminary results suggest that R. officinalis is a potential, alternative source of bioactive compounds to further examine for abilities against glioblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Dolghi A, Coricovac D, Dinu S, Pinzaru I, Dehelean CA, Grosu C, Chioran D, Merghes PE, Sarau CA. Chemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Mentha piperita L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils and In Vitro Potential Cytotoxic Effect in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186106. [PMID: 36144839 PMCID: PMC9505364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed forms of cancer, and the therapeutic solutions are frequently aggressive requiring improvements. Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites of aromatic plants with important pharmacological properties that proved to be beneficial in multiple pathologies including cancer. Mentha piperita L. (M_EO) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (R_EO) essential oils are well-known for their biological effects (antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic in different cancer cells), but their potential as complementary treatment in colorectal cancer is underexplored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the M_EO and R_EO in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects in a colorectal cancer cell line—HCT 116. The gas-chromatographic analysis revealed menthone and menthol, and eucalyptol, α-pinene and L-camphor as major compounds in M_EO and R_EO respectively. M_EO exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, moderate antioxidant activity and a low cytotoxic effect in HCT 116 cells. R_EO presented a significant cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells and a low antimicrobial effect. The cytotoxic effect on non-cancerous cell line HaCaT was not significant for both essential oils. These results may provide an experimental basis for further research concerning the potential use of M_EO and R_EO for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Dolghi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Grosu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Doina Chioran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Petru Eugen Merghes
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Science “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Andrei Sarau
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Maleš I, Pedisić S, Zorić Z, Elez-Garofulić I, Repajić M, You L, Vladimir-Knežević S, Butorac D, Dragović-Uzelac V. The medicinal and aromatic plants as ingredients in functional beverage production. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Mahmod AI, Haif SK, Kamal A, Al-Ataby IA, Talib WH. Chemoprevention effect of the Mediterranean diet on colorectal cancer: Current studies and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924192. [PMID: 35990343 PMCID: PMC9386380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. Nevertheless, more than 70% of CRC cases are resulted from sporadic tumorigenesis and are not inherited. Since adenoma-carcinoma development is a slow process and may take up to 20 years, diet-based chemoprevention could be an effective approach in sporadic CRC. The Mediterranean diet is an example of a healthy diet pattern that consists of a combination of nutraceuticals that prevent several chronic diseases and cancer. Many epidemiological studies have shown the correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and low incidence of CRC. The goal of this review is to shed the light on the anti-inflammatory and anti-colorectal cancer potentials of the natural bioactive compounds derived from the main foods in the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shatha Khaled Haif
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Sarvath Community College, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayah Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Israa A Al-Ataby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Vieira C, Rebocho S, Craveiro R, Paiva A, Duarte ARC. Selective extraction and stabilization of bioactive compounds from rosemary leaves using a biphasic NADES. Front Chem 2022; 10:954835. [PMID: 36034659 PMCID: PMC9412766 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.954835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a natural source of bioactive compounds that have high antioxidant activity. It has been in use as a medicinal herb since ancient times, and it currently is in widespread use due to its inherent pharmacological and therapeutic potential, in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Natural deep eutectic systems (NADESs) have recently been considered as suitable extraction solvents for bioactive compounds, with high solvent power, low toxicity, biodegradability, and low environmental impact. The present work concerns the extraction of compounds such as rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, and caffeic acid, from rosemary using NADESs. This extraction was carried out using heat and stirring (HS) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). A NADES composed of menthol and lauric acid at a molar ratio of 2:1 (Me:Lau) extracted carnosic acid and carnosol preferentially, showing that this NADES exhibits selectivity for nonpolar compounds. On the other hand, a system of lactic acid and glucose (LA:Glu (5:1)) extracted preferentially rosmaniric acid, which is a more polar compound. Taking advantage of the different polarities of these NADESs, a simultaneous extraction was carried out, where the two NADESs form a biphasic system. The system LA:Glu (5:1)/Men:Lau (2:1) presented the most promising results, reaching 1.00 ± 0.12 mg of rosmarinic acid/g rosemary and 0.26 ± 0.04 mg caffeic acid/g rosemary in the more polar phase and 2.30 ± 0.18 mg of carnosol/g of rosemary and 17.54 ± 1.88 mg carnosic acid/g rosemary in the nonpolar phase. This work reveals that is possible to use two different systems at the same time and extract different compounds in a single-step process under the same conditions. NADESs are also reported to stabilize bioactive compounds, due to their interactions established with NADES components. To determine the stability of the extracts over time, the compounds of interest were quantified by HPLC at different time points. This allows the conclusion that bioactive compounds from rosemary were stable in NADESs for long periods of time; in particular, carnosic acid presented a decrease of only 25% in its antioxidant activity after 3 months, whereas the carnosic acid extracted and kept in the methanol was no longer detected after 15 days. The stabilizing ability of NADESs to extract phenolic/bioactive compounds shows a great promise for future industrial applications.
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How Should the Worldwide Knowledge of Traditional Cancer Healing Be Integrated with Herbs and Mushrooms into Modern Molecular Pharmacology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070868. [PMID: 35890166 PMCID: PMC9320176 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is a “core” from which modern medicine has evolved over time. Besides this, one third of people worldwide have no access to modern medicine and rely only on traditional medicine. To date, drugs of plant origin, or their derivates (paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, etoposide, camptothecin, topotecan, irinotecan, and omacetaxine), are very important in the therapy of malignancies and they are included in most chemotherapeutic regimes. To date, 391,000 plant and 14,000 mushroom species exist. Their medical and biochemical capabilities have not been studied in detail. In this review, we systematized the information about plants and mushrooms, as well as their active compounds with antitumor properties. Plants and mushrooms are divided based on the regions where they are used in ethnomedicine to treat malignancies. The majority of their active compounds with antineoplastic properties and mechanisms of action are described. Furthermore, on the basis of the available information, we divided them into two priority groups for research and for their potential of use in antitumor therapy. As there are many prerequisites and some examples how THM helps and strengthens modern medicine, finally, we discuss the positive points of THM and the management required to transform and integrate THM into the modern medicine practice.
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Khella KF, Abd El Maksoud AI, Hassan A, Abdel-Ghany SE, Elsanhoty RM, Aladhadh MA, Abdel-Hakeem MA. Carnosic Acid Encapsulated in Albumin Nanoparticles Induces Apoptosis in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134102. [PMID: 35807348 PMCID: PMC9268188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) is a natural phenolic compound with several biomedical actions. This work was performed to study the use of CA-loaded polymeric nanoparticles to improve the antitumor activity of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and colon cancer cells (Caco-2). CA was encapsulated in bovine serum albumin (BSA), chitosan (CH), and cellulose (CL) nanoparticles. The CA-loaded BSA nanoparticles (CA-BSA-NPs) revealed the most promising formula as it showed good loading capacity and the best release rate profile as the drug reached 80% after 10 h. The physicochemical characterization of the CA-BSA-NPs and empty carrier (BSA-NPs) was performed by the particle size distribution analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential. The antitumor activity of the CA-BSA-NPs was evaluated by measuring cell viability, apoptosis rate, and gene expression of GCLC, COX-2, and BCL-2 in MCF-7 and Caco-2. The cytotoxicity assay (MTT) showed elevated antitumor activity of CA-BSA-NPs against MCF-7 and Caco-2 compared to free CA and BSA-NPs. Moreover, apoptosis test data showed an arrest of the Caco-2 cells at G2/M (10.84%) and the MCF-7 cells at G2/M (4.73%) in the CA-BSA-NPs treatment. RT-PCR-based gene expression analysis showed an upregulation of the GCLC gene and downregulation of the BCL-2 and COX-2 genes in cells treated with CA-BSA-NPs compared to untreated cells. In conclusion, CA-BSA-NPs has been introduced as a promising formula for treating breast and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katren F. Khella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University of Science and Technology, Giza 3236101, Egypt; (K.F.K.); (A.I.A.E.M.); (M.A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University of Science and Technology, Giza 3236101, Egypt; (K.F.K.); (A.I.A.E.M.); (M.A.A.-H.)
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Amr Hassan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Shaimaa E. Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University of Science and Technology, Giza 3236101, Egypt;
| | - Rafaat M. Elsanhoty
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Aladhadh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University of Science and Technology, Giza 3236101, Egypt; (K.F.K.); (A.I.A.E.M.); (M.A.A.-H.)
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Talib WH, AlHur MJ, Al.Naimat S, Ahmad RE, Al-Yasari AH, Al-Dalaeen A, Thiab S, Mahmod AI. Anticancer Effect of Spices Used in Mediterranean Diet: Preventive and Therapeutic Potentials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:905658. [PMID: 35774546 PMCID: PMC9237507 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.905658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with almost 10 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020, so any investigation to prevent or cure this disease is very important. Spices have been studied widely in several countries to treat different diseases. However, studies that summarize the potential anticancer effect of spices used in Mediterranean diet are very limited. This review highlighted chemo-therapeutic and chemo-preventive effect of ginger, pepper, rosemary, turmeric, black cumin and clove. Moreover, the mechanisms of action for each one of them were figured out such as anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant, altering signaling pathways, induction of cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, for several types of cancer. The most widely used spice in Mediterranean diet is black pepper (Piper nigrum L). Ginger and black cumin have the highest anticancer activity by targeting multiple cancer hallmarks. Apoptosis induction is the most common pathway activated by different spices in Mediterranean diet to inhibit cancer. Studies discussed in this review may help researchers to design and test new anticancer diets enriched with selected spices that have high activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Wamidh H. Talib
| | - Mallak J. AlHur
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sumaiah Al.Naimat
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rawand E. Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Anfal Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samar Thiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Kamli MR, Sharaf AAM, Sabir JSM, Rather IA. Phytochemical Screening of Rosmarinus officinalis L. as a Potential Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant-Medicinal Plant for Cognitive Decline Disorders. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040514. [PMID: 35214846 PMCID: PMC8877369 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by cholinergic agents has been promoted as a potent strategy for treating and managing cognitive decline disorders. A wide range of natural products has long been used as potential sources or formulations of cholinergic inhibitors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate different Rosmarinus officinalis L. (R. officinalis) extracts for their AChE inhibitory activity using galanthamine as a standard AChE inhibitor. In this study, the ethyl-acetate extract (at a concentration of 250 µg/mL) exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect against AChE with significant inhibition of 75%, comparable to the inhibitor galanthamine with an inhibition of 88%. Kinetic analysis revealed that the extracts could induce a mixed type of inhibition, as observed in the case of galanthamine, with the highest increased Km and decreased Vmax values in the ethyl acetate extract. The antioxidant potential of the three extracts tested was found to be in the order of ethyl-acetate > ethanol > aqueous, with IC50 values of 272 µg/mL, 387 µg/mL, and 534 µg/mL, respectively. Ethyl-acetate was found to have the highest total phenolic content in all extracts. Further, in silico study showed structural binding characterization of rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid with human AChE enzyme. Rosmarinic acid showed strong binding and formed two hydrogen-bonding interactions with Ser-293 and Arg-296. In light of this, the ethyl-acetate extract of the plant may provide some novel potential pharmacological leads for treating and managing cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Hussain S, Syeda A, Alshammari M, Alnasser S, Alenzi N, Alanazi S, Nandakumar K. Cognition enhancing effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in lab animal studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11593. [PMID: 35170682 PMCID: PMC8851910 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with mild cognitive impairment eventually progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) causing a strong impact on public health. Rosmarinus officinalis has long been known as the herb of remembrance and can be a potential cognition enhancer for AD. The aim of this review was to summarize the qualitative and quantitative aspects of R. officinalis and its active constituents in enhancing cognition. A structured search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed to find relevant studies that assessed the effect of R. officinalis extract or any of its active constituents on cognitive performance in animals. The following information was extracted from each study: 1) article information; 2) characteristics of study animals; 3) type of intervention: type, dose, duration, and frequency of administration of R. officinalis; and 4) type of outcome measure. Data were analyzed using Review Manager and meta-analysis was performed by computing the standardized mean difference. Twenty-three studies were selected for qualitative analysis and fifteen for meta-analysis. From the fifteen included papers, 22 with 35 comparisons were meta-analyzed. Effect sizes for intact and cognitively impaired animals were 1.19 (0.74, 1.64) and 0.57 (0.19, 0.96), indicating a positive effect on both groups. The subgroup analyses showed substantial unexplained heterogeneity among studies. Overall, R. officinalis improved cognitive outcomes in normal and impaired animals, and results were robust across species, type of extract, treatment duration, and type of memory. However, studies had a considerable amount of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses failed to find any heterogeneity moderator.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Hussain
- City University College of Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - A.F. Syeda
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Alshammari
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Alnasser
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - S.T. Alanazi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Chan EWC, Wong SK, Chan HT. An overview of the chemistry and anticancer properties of rosemary extract and its diterpenes. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae, has promising anticancer activity. This overview has updated the current knowledge on the chemistry and anticancer properties of rosemary extract, carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol, focusing on colon and prostate cancer cells since they are the most susceptible. The information was procured from Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, J-Stage, and PubChem. Phenolic compounds isolated from the aerial parts of R. officinalis are flavonoids, phenolic acids, diterpenes, triterpenes, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. Some of the compounds are new to science, to the genus, and to the species. Almost 30 compounds possess anticancer properties. Rosemary extracts contain abietane diterpenes, with carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol being the most common. Their molecular structures are similar to three fused aromatic rings. Carnosic acid has a –COOH group at C20, carnosol has a lactone ring occurs across the B ring, and rosmanol has a –OH group at C7. Against colon and prostate cancer cells, the rosemary extract and diterpenes inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. The inhibition of cell migration and adhesion has also been reported. The rosemary extract and diterpenes also inhibited colon and prostate cancer xenograft in mice. Rosemary extract is more cytotoxic than the diterpenes due to its polyphenols such as flavonoids and triterpenes. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities involve different molecular targets and signalling pathways. Some prospects and areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wei Chiang Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siu Kuin Wong
- School of Foundation Studies, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hung Tuck Chan
- Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0129, Japan
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Effect of chemical modification of hydrodistillation on yield, composition and biological activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2021-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Studies on the chemical modifications of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil hydrodistillation process (HD) by using 5% citric acid (CA-HD) and 5% trisodium citrate (TSC-HD) as a water phase were performed. Composition of essential oils obtained in conventional and modified conditions was analyzed by gas chromatography with mass selective detector method (GC-MS) and compared. Antioxidant activity of all essential oils was determined spectrophotometrically by using DPPH radical scavenging method. It was found that applied modifications of hydrodistillation process enhanced yields and antioxidant activity and the best results were obtained using 5% citric acid as a modifier. Effect of this modification on fungicidal activity of essential oils against 8 various fungi strains (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, Phythophtora cactorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phythophtora infestans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Ascosphaera apis) was also determined and in most cases enhanced activity was observed.
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Joshi BC, Juyal V, Sah AN, Verma P, Mukhija M. Review On Documented Medicinal Plants Used For The Treatment Of Cancer. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211011125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a frightful disease and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Naturally derived compounds are gaining interest of research workers as they have less toxic side effects as compared to currently used treatments such as chemotherapy. Plants are the pool of chemical compounds which provides a promising future for research on cancer.
Objective:
This review paper provides updated information gathered on medicinal plants and isolated phytoconstituents used as anticancer agents and summarises the plant extracts and their isolated chemical constituents exhibiting anticancer potential on clinical trials.
Methods:
An extensive bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing worldwide established scientific databases like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar etc. In next few decades, herbal medicine may become a new epoch of medical system.
Results:
Many researches are going on medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer but it is a time to increase further experimental studies on plant extracts and their chemical constituents to find out their mechanism of action at molecular level.
Conclusion:
The article may help many researchers to start off further experimentation that might lead to the drugs for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Vijay Juyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Piyush Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical science and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun-248001, India
| | - Minky Mukhija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
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Balakrishnan B, Liang Q, Fenix K, Tamang B, Hauben E, Ma L, Zhang W. Combining the Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Astragalus and Shiitake as an Integrated Therapeutic Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082564. [PMID: 34444724 PMCID: PMC8401741 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus root (Huang Qi) and Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) are both considered medicinal foods and are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine due to their anticancer and immunomodulating properties. Here, the scientific literatures describing evidence for the anticancer and immunogenic properties of Shiitake and Astragalus were reviewed. Based on our experimental data, the potential to develop medicinal food with combined bioactivities was assessed using Shiitake mushrooms grown over Astragalus beds in a proprietary manufacturing process, as a novel cancer prevention approach. Notably, our data suggest that this new manufacturing process can result in transfer and increased bioavailability of Astragalus polysaccharides with therapeutic potential into edible Shiitake. Further research efforts are required to validate the therapeutic potential of this new Hengshan Astragalus Shiitake medicinal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Balakrishnan
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.B.); (Q.L.); (B.T.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia;
| | - Qi Liang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.B.); (Q.L.); (B.T.)
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Kevin Fenix
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia;
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bunu Tamang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.B.); (Q.L.); (B.T.)
| | - Ehud Hauben
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia;
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- AusHealth Corporate Pty Ltd., Adelaide, SA 5032, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (L.M.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +61-88132-7450 (E.H.); +61-7-3735-4175 (L.M.); +61-8-7221-8557 (W.Z.)
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (L.M.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +61-88132-7450 (E.H.); +61-7-3735-4175 (L.M.); +61-8-7221-8557 (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.B.); (Q.L.); (B.T.)
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (L.M.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +61-88132-7450 (E.H.); +61-7-3735-4175 (L.M.); +61-8-7221-8557 (W.Z.)
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Shukla V, Runthala A, Rajput VS, Chandrasai PD, Tripathi A, Phulara SC. Computational and synthetic biology approaches for the biosynthesis of antiviral and anticancer terpenoids from Bacillus subtilis. Med Chem 2021; 18:307-322. [PMID: 34254925 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210712211557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in medicinal research have identified several antiviral and anticancer terpenoids that are usually deployed as a source of flavor, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. Under the current COVID-19 pandemic conditions, natural therapeutics with least side effects are the need of the hour to save the patients, especially, which are pre-affected with other medical complications. Although, plants are the major sources of terpenoids; however, for the environmental concerns, the global interest has shifted to the biocatalytic production of molecules from microbial sources. The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a suitable host in this regard due to its GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status, ease in genetic manipulations and wide industrial acceptability. The B. subtilis synthesizes its terpenoid molecules from 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway, a common route in almost all microbial strains. Here, we summarize the computational and synthetic biology approaches to improve the production of terpenoid-based therapeutics from B. subtilis by utilizing DXP pathway. We focus on the in-silico approaches for screening the functionally improved enzyme-variants of the two crucial enzymes namely, the DXP synthase (DXS) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS). The approaches for engineering the active sites are subsequently explained. It will be helpful to construct the functionally improved enzymes for the high-yield production of terpenoid-based anticancer and antiviral metabolites, which would help to reduce the cost and improve the availability of such therapeutics for the humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Shukla
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ashish Runthala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur-522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Potla Durthi Chandrasai
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal-506004, Telangana, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Suresh Chandra Phulara
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur-522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Sutkowska J, Hupert N, Gawron K, Strawa JW, Tomczyk M, Forlino A, Galicka A. The Stimulating Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Extracts from Rosemary and Lemon Balm on Collagen Type I Biosynthesis in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I Skin Fibroblasts. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070938. [PMID: 34201872 PMCID: PMC8308967 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosemary extract (RE) and lemon balm extract (LBE) attract particular attention of pharmacists due to their high therapeutic potential. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type I is a heritable disease caused by mutations in type I collagen and characterized by its reduced amount. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the extracts and rosmarinic acid (RA) on collagen type I level in OI skin fibroblasts. Phytochemical analysis of RE and LBE was carried out by liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection–mass spectrometry. The expression of collagen type I at transcript and protein levels was analyzed by qPCR, ELISA, SDS-urea PAGE, and Western blot. In OI patient’s fibroblasts the exposure to the extracts (0.1–100 µg/mL) and RA (0.1–100 µM) significantly increased collagen type I and the best results were obtained with 0.1–10 µM RA and 0.1–10 µg/mL of the extracts. LBE showed a greater stimulating effect than RE, likely due to a higher RA content. Moreover, collagen type III expression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, -2, -9) activity remained unchanged or decreased. The obtained data support the clinical potential of RA-rich extracts and RA itself in modulating the quantitative defect of type I collagen in type I OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sutkowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Natalia Hupert
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (N.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (N.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Jakub W. Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Zang L, Xu H, Huang C, Wang C, Wang R, Chen Y, Wang L, Wang H. A link between chemical structure and biological activity in triterpenoids. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:145-161. [PMID: 33982656 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210512031635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants with triterpenoid compounds in nature have various biological activities and are reported in many scientific works of literature. Triterpenoids are compounds that draw the attention of scientists because of their wide source, wide variety, high medicinal value, and anti-tumor properties. However, a lack of approach to understand their chemical structures has limited the fundamental comprehension of these compounds in cancer cell therapy. OBJECTIVE To seek anti-cancer activity of the structures of triterpenoid compounds and their derivatives, we summarized a number of plants and their derivatives that are a source of potential novel therapeutic anti-cancer agents. METHODS This work focuses on relevant 1036 patents and references that detail the structure of organic compounds and derivatives for the treatment of tumors. RESULT Compared to tetracyclic triterpenoid, pentacyclic triterpenoid has contributed more to improve the autophagic signaling pathways of cancer cells. CONCLUSION The heterogenous skeleton structure of triterpenoids impaired the programmed cell death signaling pathway in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Cunqin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Rongbin Wang
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Hongting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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Abdallah BM. Carnosol induces the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via activating BMP-signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:197-206. [PMID: 33859060 PMCID: PMC8050607 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene phytochemical found in rosemary and sage with reported anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carnosol on the lineage commitment of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Interestingly, carnosol stimulated the early commitment of mBMSCs into osteoblasts in dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red staining for matrix mineralization. On the other hand, carnosol significantly suppressed adipogenesis of mBMSCs and downregulated both early and late markers of adipogenesis. Carnosol showed to induce osteogenesis in a mechanism mediated by activating BMP signaling pathway and subsequently upregulating the expression of BMPs downstream osteogenic target genes. In this context, treatment of mBMSCs with LDN-193189, BMPR1 selective inhibitor showed to abolish the stimulatory effect of carnosol on BMP2-induced osteogenesis. In conclusion, our data identified carnosol as a novel osteoanabolic phytochemical that can promote the differentiation of mBMSCs into osteoblasts versus adipocytes by activating BMP-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Hasei S, Yamamotoya T, Nakatsu Y, Ohata Y, Itoga S, Nonaka Y, Matsunaga Y, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Kushiyama A, Asano T. Carnosic Acid and Carnosol Activate AMPK, Suppress Expressions of Gluconeogenic and Lipogenic Genes, and Inhibit Proliferation of HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084040. [PMID: 33919842 PMCID: PMC8070802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CL) and rosmarinic acid (RA), components of the herb rosemary, reportedly exert favorable metabolic actions. This study showed that both CA and CL, but not RA, induce significant phosphorylation of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) and its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), rate-limiting enzymes of hepatic gluconeogenesis, are upregulated by forskolin stimulation, and this upregulation was suppressed when incubated with CA or CL. Similarly, a forskolin-induced increase in CRE transcriptional activity involved in G6PC and PCK1 regulations was also stymied when incubated with CA or CL. In addition, mRNA levels of ACC1, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) were significantly reduced when incubated with CA or CL. Finally, it was shown that CA and CL suppressed cell proliferation and reduced cell viability, possibly as a result of AMPK activation. These findings raise the possibility that CA and CL exert a protective effect against diabetes and fatty liver disease, as well as subsequent cases of hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hasei
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yukino Ohata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Shota Itoga
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (S.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuji Nonaka
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (S.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence:
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El-Huneidi W, Bajbouj K, Muhammad JS, Vinod A, Shafarin J, Khoder G, Saleh MA, Taneera J, Abu-Gharbieh E. Carnosic Acid Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Akt/mTOR Signaling in Human Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030230. [PMID: 33800129 PMCID: PMC7998299 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide. Due to limited availability of therapeutic options, there is a constant need to find new therapies that could target advanced, recurrent, and metastatic gastric cancer. Carnosic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic abietane diterpene derived from Rosmarinus officinalis and reported to have numerous pharmacological effects. In this study, the cytotoxicity assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI, caspases 3, 8, and 9, cell cycle analysis, and Western blotting were used to assess the effect of carnosic acid on the growth and survival of human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and MKN-45). Our findings showed that carnosic acid inhibited human gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, carnosic acid is found to inhibit the phosphorylation/activation of Akt and mTOR. Moreover, carnosic acid enhanced the cleavage of PARP and downregulated survivin expression, both being known markers of apoptosis. In conclusion, carnosic acid exhibits antitumor activity against human gastric cancer cells via modulating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem El-Huneidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (W.E.-H.); (K.B.); (J.S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (W.E.-H.); (K.B.); (J.S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (W.E.-H.); (K.B.); (J.S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Arya Vinod
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohamed A. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 33516, Egypt
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (W.E.-H.); (K.B.); (J.S.M.); (J.T.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7289
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Antiproliferative Effects of St. John's Wort, Its Derivatives, and Other Hypericum Species in Hematologic Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010146. [PMID: 33375664 PMCID: PMC7795730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum is a widely present plant, and extracts of its leaves, flowers, and aerial elements have been employed for many years as therapeutic cures for depression, skin wounds, and respiratory and inflammatory disorders. Hypericum also displays an ample variety of other biological actions, such as hypotensive, analgesic, anti-infective, anti-oxidant, and spasmolytic abilities. However, recent investigations highlighted that this species could be advantageous for the cure of other pathological situations, such as trigeminal neuralgia, as well as in the treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), its derivatives, and other Hypericum species in hematologic malignancies. Hypericum induces apoptosis in both myeloid and lymphoid cells. Other Hypericum targets include matrix metalloproteinase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, which are mediators of cell migration and angiogenesis. Hypericum also downregulates the expression of proteins that are involved in the resistance of leukemia cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, Hypericum and its derivatives appear to have photodynamic effects and are candidates for applications in tumor photodynamic therapy. Although the in vitro studies appear promising, controlled in vivo studies are necessary before we can hypothesize the introduction of Hypericum and its derivatives into clinical practice for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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