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Amarsi R, Furse S, Cleaton MAM, Maurel S, Mitchell AL, Ferguson-Smith AC, Cenac N, Williamson C, Koulman A, Charalambous M. A co-ordinated transcriptional programme in the maternal liver supplies long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to the conceptus using phospholipids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6767. [PMID: 39117683 PMCID: PMC11310303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The long and very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are preferentially transported by the mother to the fetus. Failure to supply LC-PUFAs is strongly linked with stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, dietary supplementation during pregnancy is unable to simply reverse these outcomes, suggesting imperfectly understood interactions between dietary fatty acid intake and the molecular mechanisms of maternal supply. Here we employ a comprehensive approach combining untargeted and targeted lipidomics with transcriptional profiling of maternal and fetal tissues in mouse pregnancy. Comparison of wild-type mice with genetic models of impaired lipid metabolism allows us to describe maternal hepatic adaptations required to provide LC-PUFAs to the developing fetus. A late pregnancy-specific, selective activation of the Liver X Receptor signalling pathway dramatically increases maternal supply of LC-PUFAs within circulating phospholipids. Crucially, genetic ablation of this pathway in the mother reduces LC-PUFA accumulation by the fetus, specifically of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a critical nutrient for brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Amarsi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK
- Pregnancy Physiology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Samuel Furse
- Biological chemistry group, Jodrell laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mary A M Cleaton
- Department of Genetics, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Sarah Maurel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice L Mitchell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Anne C Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Genetics, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK.
- Pregnancy Physiology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
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McClelland C, Holland OJ, Shrestha N, Jukes CL, Brandon AE, Cuffe JSM, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Maternal Diet High in Linoleic Acid Alters Renal Branching Morphogenesis and mTOR/AKT Signalling Genes in Rat Fetal Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4688. [PMID: 38731907 PMCID: PMC11083378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is obtained from the maternal diet during pregnancy, and is essential for normal fetal growth and development. A maternal high-LA (HLA) diet alters maternal and offspring fatty acids, maternal leptin and male/female ratio at embryonic (E) day 20 (E20). We investigated the effects of an HLA diet on embryonic offspring renal branching morphogenesis, leptin signalling, megalin signalling and angiogenesis gene expression. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed low-LA (LLA; 1.44% energy from LA) or high-LA (HLA; 6.21% energy from LA) diets during pregnancy and gestation/lactation. Offspring were sacrificed and mRNA from kidneys was analysed by real-time PCR. Maternal HLA decreased the targets involved in branching morphogenesis Ret and Gdnf in offspring, independent of sex. Furthermore, downstream targets of megalin, namely mTOR, Akt3 and Prkab2, were reduced in offspring from mothers consuming an HLA diet, independent of sex. There was a trend of an increase in the branching morphogenesis target Gfra1 in females (p = 0.0517). These findings suggest that an HLA diet during pregnancy may lead to altered renal function in offspring. Future research should investigate the effects an HLA diet has on offspring kidney function in adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie McClelland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
- Women’s Newborn and Childrens Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Claire L. Jukes
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (C.L.J.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Anna E. Brandon
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (C.L.J.); (A.E.B.)
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
- School of Health, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Women’s Newborn and Childrens Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
- Griffith Institute of Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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Pu Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Zhang H. A high-quality chromosomal genome assembly of the sea cucumber Chiridota heheva and its hydrothermal adaptation. Gigascience 2024; 13:giad107. [PMID: 38171490 PMCID: PMC10764150 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiridota heheva is a cosmopolitan holothurian well adapted to diverse deep-sea ecosystems, especially chemosynthetic environments. Besides high hydrostatic pressure and limited light, high concentrations of metal ions also represent harsh conditions in hydrothermal environments. Few holothurian species can live in such extreme conditions. Therefore, it is valuable to elucidate the adaptive genetic mechanisms of C. heheva in hydrothermal environments. FINDINGS Herein, we report a high-quality reference genome assembly of C. heheva from the Kairei vent, which is the first chromosome-level genome of Apodida. The chromosome-level genome size was 1.43 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 53.24 Mb and BUSCO completeness score of 94.5%. Contig sequences were clustered, ordered, and assembled into 19 natural chromosomes. Comparative genome analysis found that the expanded gene families and positively selected genes of C. heheva were involved in the DNA damage repair process. The expanded gene families and the unique genes contributed to maintaining iron homeostasis in an iron-enriched environment. The positively selected gene RFC2 with 10 positively selected sites played an essential role in DNA repair under extreme environments. CONCLUSIONS This first chromosome-level genome assembly of C. heheva reveals the hydrothermal adaptation of holothurians. As the first chromosome-level genome of order Apodida, this genome will provide the resource for investigating the evolution of class Holothuroidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Pu
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
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Naughten S, Ecklu-Mensah G, Constantino G, Quaranta A, Schulkers Escalante K, Bai-Tong S, Gilbert J, Leibel S, Wheelock CE, Leibel S. The re-emerging role of linoleic acid in paediatric asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230063. [PMID: 37914192 PMCID: PMC10618909 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0063-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease within the paediatric population. Although it is multifactorial, its onset may be linked to early-life exposures with subsequent impact on immune system development. Microbial and dietary metabolic products have been implicated in the development and exacerbation of paediatric asthma. Linoleic acid is the most common omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet. In this review, we summarise the literature regarding the involvement of linoleic acid in the development of and its impact on existing paediatric asthma. First, we summarise the existing knowledge surrounding the relationship between human microbial metabolism and allergic diseases in children. Next, we examine cellular or animal model-based mechanistic studies that investigated the impact of dietary- and microbial-derived linoleic acid metabolites on asthma. Finally, we review the literature investigating the impact of linoleic acid metabolites on the development and exacerbation of childhood asthma. While there is conflicting evidence, there is growing support for a role of linoleic acid in the onset and pathophysiology of asthma. We recommend that additional cellular, animal, and longitudinal studies are performed that target linoleic acid and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Naughten
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Quaranta
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Shiyu Bai-Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jack Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sydney Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Álvarez D, Ortiz M, Valdebenito G, Crisosto N, Echiburú B, Valenzuela R, Espinosa A, Maliqueo M. Effects of a High-Fat Diet and Docosahexaenoic Acid during Pregnancy on Fatty Acid Composition in the Fetal Livers of Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4696. [PMID: 37960348 PMCID: PMC10649644 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy promotes fat accumulation and reduces docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in the liver of the offspring at postnatal ages, which can depend on fetal sex. However, the prenatal mechanisms behind these associations are still unclear. Thus, we analyzed if an HFD alters DHA content and the expression of molecules related to fatty acid (FA) metabolism in the fetal liver. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet or HFD for 4-6 weeks before pregnancy until the gestational day (GD) 17.5. A subgroup of each diet received DHA (100 mg/Kg) orally from GD 6.5 until 16.5. On GD 17.5, maternal livers, placentas, and livers from male and female fetuses were collected for FA profiling with gas-chromatography and gene expression of molecules related to FA metabolism using qPCR. PPAR-α protein expression was evaluated using Western blot. The gene expression of placental FA transporters was also assessed. An HFD increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decreased DHA levels and protein expression of PPAR-α in the fetal livers of both sexes. DHA increased the gene expression of Ppara, Cpt1, and Acsl1 in the livers of female fetuses. Therefore, an HFD reduces DHA levels and PPAR-α, a master regulator of gene expression, in the fetal liver. In turn, the livers of female fetuses seem to be more sensitive to DHA action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Gabriel Valdebenito
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Bárbara Echiburú
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8350499, Chile; (D.Á.); (M.O.); (G.V.); (N.C.); (B.E.)
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Luo X, Zhou Y, Yuan S, Chen X, Zhang B. The changes in metabolomics profile induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation in major depressive disorder: an exploratory study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:550. [PMID: 37516823 PMCID: PMC10387200 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been an ongoing interest in the mechanism of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) in major depressive disorder. Studying the metabolite changes induced by iTBS may help to understand the mechanism. METHODS Eleven participants with major depressive disorder received 10 days iTBS treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to target the region of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in each participant. We analyzed the effects of iTBS on metabolites using high-throughput profiling and assessed its impact on depressive symptoms. These analyses were considered exploratory, and no correction for multiple comparisons was applied. RESULTS Among the 318 measured metabolites, a significant increase in cystine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 1-methylhistidine, indoleacetic acid (IAA), diethanolamine (DEA), dopa, riboflavin-5'-monophosphate (FMN), and a significant decrease in alphalinolenic acid (ALA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), serotonin, linoleic acid (LA) (p < 0.05) were detected in the patients after iTBS treatment. In Pearson correlation analysis, the plasma levels of LA, FMN and ADMA at baseline were significantly related to the reduction rate of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that LA, FMN, ADMA and their relationship with oxidative stress, may be key factors in the antidepressant efficacy of iTBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Psychiatric & Psychological Neuroimage Laboratory (PsyNI Lab), The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Psychiatric & Psychological Neuroimage Laboratory (PsyNI Lab), The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Psychiatric & Psychological Neuroimage Laboratory (PsyNI Lab), The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Yang Z, Luo X, Huang B, Jia X, Luan X, Shan N, An Z, Cao J, Qi H. Altered distribution of fatty acid exerting lipid metabolism and transport at the maternal-fetal interface in fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2023; 139:159-171. [PMID: 37406553 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy. Lipid metabolism and distribution may contribute to the progression of FGR. However, the metabolism-related mechanisms of FGR remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic profiles associated with FGR, as well as probable genes and signaling pathways. METHODS Metabolomic profiles at the maternal-fetal interface (including the placenta, maternal and fetal serum) from pregnant women with (n = 35) and without (n = 35) FGR were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Combined with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GSE35574 dataset, analysis was performed for differential metabolites, and identified by the Metabo Analyst dataset. Finally, the pathology and screened DEGs were further identified. RESULTS The results showed that fatty acids (FAs) accumulated in the placenta and decreased in fetal blood in FGR cases compared to controls. The linoleic acid metabolism was the focus of placental differential metabolites and genes enrichment analysis. In this pathway, phosphatidylcholine can interact with PLA2G2A and PLA2G4C, and 12(13)-EpOME can interact with CYP2J2. PLA2G2A and CYP2J2 were elevated, and PLA2G4C was decreased in the FGR placenta. DISCUSSION In conclusion, accumulation of FAs in the placental ischemic environments, may involve linoleic acid metabolism, which may be regulated by PLA2G2A, CYP2J2, and PLA2G4C. This study may contribute to understanding the underlying metabolic and molecular mechanisms of FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Yang
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Biao Huang
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Xiaojin Luan
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Nan Shan
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Zhongling An
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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Basak S, Duttaroy AK. Maternal PUFAs, Placental Epigenetics, and Their Relevance to Fetal Growth and Brain Development. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:408-427. [PMID: 35676498 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 (n-3) and n-6 long-chain (LC) PUFAs, are indispensable for the fetus' brain supplied by the placenta. Despite being highly unsaturated, n-3 LCPUFA-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a protective role as an antioxidant in the brain. Deficiency of DHA during fetal development may cause irreversible damages in neurodevelopment programming. Dietary PUFAs can impact placental structure and functions by regulating early placentation processes, such as angiogenesis. They promote remodeling of uteroplacental architecture to facilitate increased blood flow and surface area for nutrient exchange. The placenta's fatty acid transfer depends on the uteroplacental vascular development, ensuring adequate maternal circulatory fatty acids transport to fulfill the fetus' rapid growth and development requirements. Maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency predominantly leads to placental epigenetic changes than other fetal developing organs. A global shift in DNA methylation possibly transmits epigenetic instability in developing fetuses due to n-3 PUFA deficiency. Thus, an optimal level of maternal omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs may protect the placenta's structural and functional integrity and allow fetal growth by controlling the aberrant placental epigenetic changes. This narrative review summarizes the recent advances and underpins the roles of maternal PUFAs on the structure and functions of the placenta and their relevance to fetal growth and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Shrestha N, McCarron A, Rout-Pitt N, Donnelley M, Parsons DW, Hryciw DH. Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Cystic Fibrosis Disease Progression: Role of Genotype and Sex. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214666. [PMID: 36364928 PMCID: PMC9657825 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate intake of nutrients such as essential fatty acids (EFA) are critical in cystic fibrosis (CF). The clinical course of deterioration of lung function in people with CF has been shown to relate to nutrition. Independent of the higher energy consumption and malabsorption due to pancreatic insufficiency, EFA deficiency is closely associated with the risk of pulmonary infection, the most significant pathology in CF. This review will focus on the EFA deficiency identified in people with CF, as well as the limited progress made in deciphering the exact metabolic pathways that are dysfunctional in CF. Specifically, people with CF are deficient in linoleic acid, an omega 6 fatty acid, and the ratio of arachidonic acid (omega 6 metabolite) and docosahexaenoic acid (omega 3 metabolite) is increased. Analysis of the molecular pathways in bronchial cells has identified changes in the enzymes that metabolise EFA. However, fatty acid metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, with EFA metabolism in CF liver not yet investigated, indicating that further research is required. Despite limited understanding in this area, it is well known that adequate EFA concentrations are critical to normal membrane structure and function, and thus are important to consider in disease processes. Novel insights into the relationship between CF genotype and EFA phenotype will be discussed, in addition to sex differences in EFA concentrations in people with CF. Collectively, investigating the specific effects of genotype and sex on fatty acid metabolism may provide support for the management of people with CF via personalised genotype- and sex-specific nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - David W. Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3735-3601
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10
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Berger N, Allerkamp H, Wadsack C. Serine Hydrolases in Lipid Homeostasis of the Placenta-Targets for Placental Function? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6851. [PMID: 35743292 PMCID: PMC9223866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic state of pregnant women and their unborn children changes throughout pregnancy and adapts to the specific needs of each gestational week. These adaptions are accomplished by the actions of enzymes, which regulate the occurrence of their endogenous substrates and products in all three compartments: mother, placenta and the unborn. These enzymes determine bioactive lipid signaling, supply, and storage through the generation or degradation of lipids and fatty acids, respectively. This review focuses on the role of lipid-metabolizing serine hydrolases during normal pregnancy and in pregnancy-associated pathologies, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, or preterm birth. The biochemical properties of each class of lipid hydrolases are presented, with special emphasis on their role in placental function or dysfunction. While, during a normal pregnancy, an appropriate tonus of bioactive lipids prevails, dysregulation and aberrant signaling occur in diseased states. A better understanding of the dynamics of serine hydrolases across gestation and their involvement in placental lipid homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions will help to identify new targets for placental function in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Hanna Allerkamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.B.); (H.A.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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11
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Yang T, Zhao J, Liu F, Li Y. Lipid metabolism and endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:858-889. [PMID: 35639910 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has now been recognized as a high-risk factor for reproductive health. Although remarkable advancements have been made in ART, a considerable number of infertile obese women still suffer from serial implantation failure, despite the high quality of embryos transferred. Although obesity has long been known to exert various deleterious effects on female fertility, the underlying mechanisms, especially the roles of lipid metabolism in endometrial receptivity, remain largely elusive. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes current evidence on the impacts of several major lipids and lipid-derived mediators on the embryonic implantation process. Emerging methods for evaluating endometrial receptivity, for example transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis, are also discussed. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the following keywords: (lipid or fatty acid or prostaglandin or phospholipid or sphingolipid or endocannabinoid or lysophosphatidic acid or cholesterol or progesterone or estrogen or transcriptomic or lipidomic or obesity or dyslipidemia or polycystic ovary syndrome) AND (endometrial receptivity or uterine receptivity or embryo implantation or assisted reproductive technology or in vitro fertilization or embryo transfer). A comprehensive literature search was performed on the roles of lipid-related metabolic pathways in embryo implantation published between January 1970 and March 2022. Only studies with original data and reviews published in English were included in this review. Additional information was obtained from references cited in the articles resulting from the literature search. OUTCOMES Recent studies have shown that a fatty acids-related pro-inflammatory response in the embryo-endometrium boundary facilitates pregnancy via mediation of prostaglandin signaling. Phospholipid-derived mediators, for example endocannabinoids, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are associated with endometrial receptivity, embryo spacing and decidualization based on evidence from both animal and human studies. Progesterone and estrogen are two cholesterol-derived steroid hormones that synergistically mediate the structural and functional alterations in the uterus ready for blastocyst implantation. Variations in serum cholesterol profiles throughout the menstrual cycle imply a demand for steroidogenesis at the time of window of implantation (WOI). Since 2002, endometrial transcriptomic analysis has been serving as a diagnostic tool for WOI dating. Numerous genes that govern lipid homeostasis have been identified and, based on specific alterations of lipidomic signatures differentially expressed in WOI, lipidomic analysis of endometrial fluid provides a possibility for non-invasive diagnosis of lipids alterations during the WOI. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Given that lipid metabolic dysregulation potentially plays a role in infertility, a better understanding of lipid metabolism could have significant clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
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12
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Yau SY, Yip YSL, Formolo DA, He S, Lee THY, Wen C, Hryciw DH. Chronic consumption of a high linoleic acid diet during pregnancy, lactation and post-weaning period increases depression-like behavior in male, but not female offspring. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113538. [PMID: 34418475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an essential role in brain development. Emerging data have suggested a possible link between an imbalance in PUFAs and cognitive behavioral deficits in offspring. A diet rich in high linoleic acid (HLA), typically from preconception to lactation, leads to an increase in the ratio of omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in the fetus. Arising research has suggested that a deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids is a potential risk factor for inducing autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behavioral deficits. However, the impact of a high n- diet during preconception, pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning on the brain development of adolescent offspring are yet to be determined. This study examined whether consumption of an HLA diet during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning induced social and cognitive impairments in female and male offspring rats that resemble autistic phenotypes in humans. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed with either HLA or low linoleic acid (LLA) control diet for 10 weeks before mating, then continued with the same diet throughout the pregnancy and lactation period. Female and male offspring at 5 weeks old were subjected to behavioral tests to assess social interaction behavior and depression-/anxiety-like behavior. Our result showed that chronic consumption of an HLA diet did not affect sociability and social recognition memory, but induced depression-like behavior in male but not in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yvette Siu Ling Yip
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Douglas A Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siyuen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Ho Yin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Rousseau-Ralliard D, Aubrière MC, Daniel N, Dahirel M, Morin G, Prézelin A, Bertrand J, Rey C, Chavatte-Palmer P, Couturier-Tarrade A. Importance of Windows of Exposure to Maternal High-Fat Diet and Feto-Placental Effects: Discrimination Between Pre-conception and Gestational Periods in a Rabbit Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:784268. [PMID: 34899400 PMCID: PMC8656279 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.784268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context and Aim: Lipid overnutrition in female rabbits, from prepuberty, leads to impaired metabolism (dyslipidemia and increased adiposity) and follicular atresia, and, when continued during gestation, affects offspring phenotype with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and leads to placental and lipid metabolism abnormalities. Growth retardation is already observed in embryo stage, indicating a possible implication of periconceptional exposure. The objective of this study was to discriminate the effects of preconception and gestational exposures on feto-placental development. Materials and Methods: Rabbit 1-day zygotes were collected from female donors under control (CD) or high-fat-high-cholesterol (HD) diet and surgically transferred to the left and right uterus, respectively, of each H (n = 6) or C (n = 7) synchronized recipients. Close to term, four combinations, CC (n = 10), CH (n = 13), HC (n = 13), and HH (n = 6), of feto-placental units were collected, for biometry analyses. Fatty acid (FA) profiles were determined in placental labyrinth, decidua, fetal plasma, and fetal liver by gas chromatography and explored further by principal component analysis (PCA). Candidate gene expression was also analyzed by RT-qPCR in the placenta and fetal liver. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s pairwise comparison test. Combinations of different data sets were combined and explored by multifactorial analysis (MFA). Results: Compared to controls, HH fetuses were hypotrophic with reduced placental efficiency and altered organogenesis, CH presented heavier placenta but less efficient, whereas HC presented a normal biometry. However, the MFA resulted in a good separation of the four groups, discriminating the effects of each period of exposure. HD during gestation led to reduced gene expression (nutrient transport and metabolism) and big changes in FA profiles in both tissues with increased membrane linoleic acid, lipid storage, and polyunsaturated-to-saturated FA ratios. Pre-conception exposure had a major effect on fetal biometry and organogenesis in HH, with specific changes in FA profiles (increased MUFAs and decreased LCPUFAs). Conclusion: Embryo origin left traces in end-gestation feto-placental unit; however, maternal diet during gestation played a major role, either negative (HD) or positive (control). Thus, an H embryo developed favorably when transferred to a C recipient (HC) with normal biometry at term, despite disturbed and altered FA profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Christine Aubrière
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nathalie Daniel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michèle Dahirel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Audrey Prézelin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
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14
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Aparicio E, Martín-Grau C, Hernández-Martinez C, Voltas N, Canals J, Arija V. Changes in fatty acid levels (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:778. [PMID: 34789176 PMCID: PMC8596903 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy a high amount of fatty acids (FA) is necessary to meet foetus demands, which vary during gestation. The present study describes the changes in maternal fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy in a sample of pregnant women. METHODS This is a longitudinal study of 479 pregnant women who were monitored from the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy. Data on maternal characteristics were recorded and a serum sample was collected in each trimester. The fatty acid profile (saturated (SFA: total, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid), monounsaturated (MUFA: total, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA: total omega-6 (n-6), linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-3 (n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was analysed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combination. RESULTS From the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy, a significant increase in total SFA, total MUFA and total n-6 PUFA was found. (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the serum concentration of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total n-3 PUFA decreased during gestation (p < 0.001). A statistically non-significant result was observed for the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) serum concentration between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Significant correlations were observed between each total fatty acid concentrations of the first and third trimesters. CONCLUSION The circulating serum concentration of SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA increases during pregnancy, whereas essential fatty acids such as AA and EPA decrease, and DHA remains unchanged. Further research is necessary to understand the role played by FA throughout gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Aparicio
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carla Martín-Grau
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS)-Camp de Tarragona-Terres de l'Ebre, Joan XXIII University Hospital in Tarragona, 43005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martinez
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nuria Voltas
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain.
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15
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Joshi NP, Mane AR, Sahay AS, Sundrani DP, Joshi SR, Yajnik CS. Role of Placental Glucose Transporters in Determining Fetal Growth. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:2744-2759. [PMID: 34339038 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrient availability and its transport through the placenta are crucial for fetal development. Nutrients are transported to the fetus via specific transporters present on the microvillous (MVM) and basal membrane (BM) of the placenta. Glucose is the most abundant nutrient transferred to the fetus and plays a key role in the fetal growth and development. The transfer of glucose across the human placenta is directly proportional to maternal glucose concentrations, and is mediated by glucose transporter family proteins (GLUTs). Maternal glucose concentration influences expression and activity of GLUTs in the MVM (glucose uptake) and BM (glucose delivery). Alteration in the number and function of these transporters may affect the growth and body composition of the fetus. The thin-fat phenotype of the Indian baby (low ponderal index, high adiposity) is proposed as a harbinger of future metabolic risk. We propose that placental function mediated through nutrient transporters contributes to the phenotype of the baby, specifically that glucose transporters will influence neonatal fat. This review discusses the role of various glucose transporters in the placenta in determining fetal growth and body composition, in light of the above hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita P Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Aditi R Mane
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Akriti S Sahay
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Deepali P Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
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16
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Maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency alters uterine artery remodeling and placental epigenome in the mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108784. [PMID: 34062269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency on decidual vascular structure and angiogenesis in mice placenta was investigated. Namely, we studied uterine artery remodeling, fatty acid metabolism, and placental epigenetic methylation in this animal model. Weanling female Swiss albino mice were fed either alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3, ALA) deficient diets (0.13% energy from ALA) or a sufficient diet (2.26% energy from ALA) throughout the study. The dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency altered uteroplacental morphology and vasculature by reversing luminal to vessel area and increased luminal wall thickness at 8.5-12.5gD. Further, placentas (F0 and F1) showed a significant decrease in the expression of VCAM1, HLAG proteins and an increase in MMP9, KDR expression. The conversion of ALA to long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs was significantly decreased in plasma and placenta during the n-3 deficiency state. Reduced n-3 LCPUFAs increased the placental expression of intracellular proteins FABP3, FABP4, and ADRP to compensate decreased availability of these fatty acids in the n-3 deficient mice. The N-3 PUFA deficiency significantly increased the 5-methylcytosine levels in the placenta but not in the liver. The alteration in DNA methylation continued to the next generation in the placental epigenome with augmented expression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Our study showed that maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency alters placental vascular architecture and induces epigenetic changes suggesting the importance of n-3 PUFA intake during the development of the fetus. Moreover, the study shows that the placenta is the susceptible target for epigenetic alteration in maternal deficiency n-3 fatty acids.
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17
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Uken KL, Vogel L, Gnott M, Görs S, Schäff CT, Tuchscherer A, Hoeflich A, Weitzel JM, Kanitz E, Tröscher A, Sauerwein H, Zitnan R, Bruckmaier RM, Gross JJ, Liermann W, Hammon HM. Effect of maternal supplementation with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on metabolic and endocrine development in neonatal calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7295-7314. [PMID: 33715856 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the maternal supply of essential fatty acids (EFA), especially α-linolenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), affects glucose metabolism, the endocrine regulation of energy metabolism and growth, and the intestinal development of neonatal calves. We studied calves from dams that received an abomasal infusion of 76 g/d coconut oil (CTRL; n = 9), 78 g/d linseed oil and 4 g/d safflower oil (EFA; n = 9), 38 g/d Lutalin (BASF SE) containing 27% cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA (CLA; n = 9), or a combination of EFA and CLA (EFA+CLA; n = 11) during the last 63 d of gestation and early lactation. Calves received colostrum and transition milk from their own dam for the first 5 d of life. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured in milk. Blood samples were taken before first colostrum intake, 24 h after birth, and from d 3 to 5 of life before morning feeding to measure metabolic and endocrine traits in plasma. On d 3 of life, energy expenditure was evaluated by a bolus injection of NaH13CO3 and determination of CO2 appearance rate. On d 4, additional blood samples were taken to evaluate glucose first-pass uptake and 13CO2 enrichment after [13C6]-glucose feeding and intravenous [6,6-2H2]-glucose bolus injection, as well as postprandial changes in glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, and glucagon. On d 5, calves were killed 2 h after feeding and samples of small intestinal mucosa were taken for histomorphometric measurements. The concentrations of IGF-I, adiponectin, and leptin in milk decreased during early lactation in all groups, and the concentrations of leptin in first colostrum was higher in EFA than in CTRL cows. Plasma glucose concentration before first colostrum intake was higher in EFA calves than in non-EFA calves and was lower in CLA calves than in non-CLA calves. Plasma IGF-I concentration was higher on d 1 before colostrum intake in EFA calves than in EFA+CLA calves and indicated an overall CLA effect, with lower plasma IGF-I in CLA than in non-CLA calves. Postprandial NEFA concentration was lowest in EFA and CLA calves. The postprandial rise in plasma insulin was higher in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased from d 1 to d 2 in all groups and was higher on d 3 in CLA than in non-CLA calves. Plasma leptin concentration was higher on d 4 and 5 in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Maternal fatty acid treatment did not affect energy expenditure and first-pass glucose uptake, but glucose uptake on d 4 was faster in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Crypt depth was lower, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was higher in the ilea of CLA than non-CLA calves. Elevated plasma glucose and IGF-I in EFA calves immediately after birth may indicate an improved energetic status in calves when dams are supplemented with EFA. Maternal EFA and CLA supplementation influenced postprandial metabolic changes and affected factors related to the neonatal insulin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Uken
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Vogel
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M Gnott
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - S Görs
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C T Schäff
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Hoeflich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J M Weitzel
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Kanitz
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - R Zitnan
- Institute of Nutrition, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Center, 95141 Luzianky, Slovakia
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J J Gross
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W Liermann
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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18
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Diniz WJS, Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Ward AK, Sedivec KK, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Kirsch JD, Dorsam ST, Neville TL, Forcherio JC, Scott RR, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Maternal Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Maternal Weight Gain Affects Placental Expression of Energy Metabolism and Transport-Related Genes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030385. [PMID: 33803164 PMCID: PMC8001966 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrients are essential for proper fetal and placental development and function. However, the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation under two rates of maternal weight gain on placental genome-wide gene expression have not been investigated so far. Furthermore, biological processes and pathways in the placenta that act in response to early maternal nutrition are yet to be elucidated. Herein, we examined the impact of maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation (from pre-breeding to day 83 post-breeding) and two rates of gain during the first 83 days of pregnancy on the gene expression of placental caruncles (CAR; maternal placenta) and cotyledons (COT; fetal placenta) of crossbred Angus beef heifers. We identified 267 unique differentially expressed genes (DEG). Among the DEGs from CAR, we identified ACAT2, SREBF2, and HMGCCS1 that underlie the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the transcription factors PAX2 and PAX8 were over-represented in biological processes related to kidney organogenesis. The DEGs from COT included SLC2A1, SLC2A3, SLC27A4, and INSIG1. Our over-representation analysis retrieved biological processes related to nutrient transport and ion homeostasis, whereas the pathways included insulin secretion, PPAR signaling, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain were associated with changes in gene expression, biological processes, and KEGG pathways in beef cattle placental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellison J. S. Diniz
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-701-5411997
| | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Kevin K. Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research and Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA;
| | - Kacie L. McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Cierrah J. Kassetas
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - James D. Kirsch
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Sheri T. Dorsam
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Tammi L. Neville
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - J. Chris Forcherio
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA; (J.C.F.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Ronald R. Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA; (J.C.F.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (L.P.R.); (P.P.B.); (A.K.W.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
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Maternal Factors Associated with Levels of Fatty Acids, Specifically n-3 PUFA during Pregnancy: ECLIPSES Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020317. [PMID: 33499257 PMCID: PMC7912138 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimal fatty acid (FA) profile during pregnancy, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is essential for the health of the mother and child. Our aim was to identify the socioeconomic and maternal lifestyle factors associated with serum FA concentration in pregnant women. A longitudinal study was conducted on 479 pregnant women, who were assessed during the first (T1) and third (T3) trimesters of pregnancy. Data on maternal characteristics, food consumption, and lifestyle were collected. Serum FA concentrations were analysed by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combination. The multiple linear regression showed that high educational level and older age were significantly associated with higher EPA and DHA concentrations and lower values of n-6/n-3 and arachidonic acid (AA)/EPA in T1 and/or T3. Regarding diet—fish and seafood consumption increased EPA concentration and reduced n-6/n-3 and AA/EPA values in both trimesters, whereas its consumption increased DHA concentration only in T1. Smoking was associated with lower DHA concentration in T1 and higher values of n-6/n-3 ratio in both trimester. Overweight and obesity were associated with higher values of n-6/n-3 ratio and AA/EPA ratio in T1. A statistically non-significant association was observed with saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). In conclusion, high educational levels, older age, fish, seafood consumption, and/or non-smoking, are factors that influence better omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) profile in both trimesters of pregnancy. Further research is needed to go in-depth into these findings and their health consequences.
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Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Ortiz M, Maliqueo M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010019. [PMID: 33374585 PMCID: PMC7822469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal development are closely related to healthy maternal conditions that allow for the provision of all nutritional requirements to the offspring. In this regard, an appropriate supply of fatty acids (FA), mainly n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), is crucial to ensure a normal development, because they are an integral part of cell membranes and participate in the synthesis of bioactive molecules that regulate multiple signaling pathways. On the other hand, maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain affect FA supply to the fetus and neonate, altering placental nutrient transfer, as well as the production and composition of breast milk during lactation. In this regard, maternal obesity modifies FA profile, resulting in low n-3 and elevated n-6 PUFA levels in maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy, as well as in breast milk during lactation. These modifications are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress with short and long-term consequences in different organs of the fetus and neonate, including in the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Altogether, these changes confer to the offspring a higher risk of developing obesity and its complications, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, and cancer. Considering the consequences of an abnormal FA supply to offspring induced by maternal obesity, we aimed to review the effects of obesity on the metabolism and bioavailability of FA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with an emphasis on LCPUFA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Yasna Muñoz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-2-9786746
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