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Rolands MR, Hackl LS, Bochud M, Lê KA. Protein adequacy, plant protein proportion and main plant protein sources consumed across vegan, vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian and semi-vegetarian diets: A systematic review. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00450-4. [PMID: 39117040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several types of plant-based diets, with unknown differences across diets on total/plant protein intake and variety of plant protein sources consumed. OBJECTIVE This systematic review compares total protein intake, proportion of plant proteins and main plant-protein sources consumed across four primarily plant-based diets: vegan, vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian and semi-vegetarian. METHODS We included observational studies reporting on protein intake and/or protein sources in generally healthy adults that were published between 2002 and 2023. We determined (i) % energy from total and plant protein, (ii) the proportion of plant protein relative to total protein intake and (iii) main plant protein sources (median % contribution of each source to total plant protein intake; interquartile range) consumed across the four diets. The plant protein sources were broadly classified into United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) food-groups: "grains", "nuts and seeds", "soy-products" and "beans, peas, lentils". RESULTS We included 13 studies reporting on protein intake/sources that were conducted in the US, Europe, and South Korea. Of these, 7 reported on vegan, 11 on vegetarian, 7 on pesco-vegetarian and 7 on semi-vegetarian diets with total protein intake ranging from 10-17.4%. Vegan diets had the highest plant protein proportion (ranging from 77-98%) and semi-vegetarian diets the lowest (ranging from 37-83%). Plant protein source contribution was highest from grains (ranging from 60-78%). Nuts and seeds were most consumed in vegetarian diets (7.9%;2.9-10.3%) and least in semi-vegetarian diets (3.7%;2-14.8%). Soy products, beans, peas, and lentils were most consumed in vegan diets (17.3%;16.3-19.9 and 19.6%;14.6-21.3, respectively) and least in semi-vegetarian (3.7%;1.3-13.9 and 8.5%;5.2-10.2) diets. CONCLUSIONS Vegan diets had the highest plant protein proportion and a variety of plant protein sources, while semi-vegetarian diets had the lowest plant protein proportion and mainly relied on grains as a plant protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann R Rolands
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laura S Hackl
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Unisanté, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Anne Lê
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Siregar S, Nurhikmat A, Amdani RZ, Hatmi RU, Kobarsih M, Kusumaningrum A, Karim MA, Dameswari AH, Siswanto N, Siswoprayogi S, Yuliyanto P. Estimation of Proximate Composition in Rice Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32760-32768. [PMID: 39100304 PMCID: PMC11292836 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an innovative approach for estimating the proximate composition of diverse rice varieties using attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometric techniques. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals distinct separations among the seven rice varieties based on their FTIR spectra. Robust partial least squares (PLS) regression models, developed with high calibration (R 2) values from 0.778 for protein up to 0.941 for moisture, demonstrate high accuracy in predicting proximate composition. The root mean squared error (RMSE) in percentage values, indicative of prediction accuracy, were low across all proximate components. To ensure the response variable of regression, proximate composition measurements were taken five times, while FTIR spectra were scanned tens of times, employing random numbers around the average with the same standard deviation as the measurement. Notably, the study emphasizes the pivotal role of the amide-III band in protein determination, alongside specific wavenumber regions associated with molecular changes in proximate components. This research underscores the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for rapid and accurate proximate assessment in food science and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahril Siregar
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Asep Nurhikmat
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Rima Zuriah Amdani
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Retno Utami Hatmi
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Mahargono Kobarsih
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Kusumaningrum
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Mirwan Ardiansyah Karim
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Amarilia Harsanti Dameswari
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Nugroho Siswanto
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Siswoprayogi Siswoprayogi
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Ponco Yuliyanto
- Research
Center for Food Technology and Processing-National Research and Innovation
Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja−Wonosari KM 31.5, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
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Teymoori F, Mokhtari E, Farhadnejad H, Ahmadirad H, Akbarzadeh M, Riahi P, Zarkesh M, Daneshpour MS, Mirmiran P, Vafa M. Energy and macronutrient intake heritability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of twin and family-based studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:79-87. [PMID: 38777476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The current meta-analysis aimed to examine the heritability and familial resemblance of dietary intakes, including energy and macronutrients in both twin and family-based studies. METHODS The online literature databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched comprehensively until 2023 to identify the relevant studies. The heritability index in family studies was h2 and the heritability indices for twin studies were h2, A2, and E2. Three weighted methods were used to calculate the mean and SE of heritability dietary intakes. RESULTS Eighteen papers including 8 studies on familial population and 12 for twin population studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The heritability of dietary intakes in twin studies (range of pooled estimated h2, A2, and E2 was 30-55%, 14-42%, and 52-79%, respectively) was higher than family studies (range of pooled estimated h2 = 16-39%). In family studies, the highest and lowest heritability for various nutrients was observed for the fat (%Kcal) (h2 range:36-38%) and carbohydrate in g (h2 range:16-18%), respectively. In twin studies, based on mean h2, the highest and lowest heritability for various nutrients was reported for the fat (%Kcal) (h2 range:49-55%) and protein intake in g (h2 range:30-35%), respectively. Also, based on the mean of A2, the highest and lowest heritability was observed for carbohydrates (% Kcal) (A2 range:42-42%), and protein (% Kcal) (A2 range:14-16%), respectively. Furthermore, in twin studies, the highest and lowest mean of E2 was shown for saturated fats (E2 range:74-79%) and energy intake (E2 range:52-57%), respectively. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicated that both environmental factors and genetics have noticeable contributions in determining the heritability of dietary intakes. Also, we observed higher heritability in twins compared to family studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Riahi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Nutritional Sciences Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jenkins PE, Proctor K, Snuggs S. Dietary intake of adults with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:393-404. [PMID: 38772131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Studies have confirmed the link between altered dietary intake and eating disorders (EDs), although no systematic assessment of this research exists. Rigorous synthesis of dietary intake in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), and similar EDs is needed to explore similarities and differences. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, we conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of studies of dietary intake. Searches of three electronic databases resulted in thirty-nine included studies. Meta-analyses of subsets of these studies were undertaken to summarise macronutrient intake across AN, BN, and BED. Study quality was assessed using the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist, with ratings either Positive (k = 27) or Neutral (k = 12). Adults with AN had low energy intake and those with BED reported elevated macronutrient intake. Individuals with BN reported wide variation in energy intake, including some of the highest estimates. Individuals with AN were likely to under-consume key micronutrients, with sodium potentially over-consumed in BN and BED. Vitamin D was under-consumed across all disorders. This meta-analysis highlights important diagnostic differences and synthesises dietary intake in EDs, with particular relevance to risk assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Jenkins
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6ES, UK, United Kingdom.
| | - Katy Proctor
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6ES, UK, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Snuggs
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6ES, UK, United Kingdom
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5
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Wang S, Ruirui G, Li X, Wang F, Wu Z, Liu Y, Dong Y, Li B. The association between multiple trajectories of macronutrient intake and the risk of new-onset diabetes in Chinese adults. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13555. [PMID: 38721664 PMCID: PMC11079633 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between macronutrient intake and diabetes is unclear. We used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey to explore the association between macronutrient intake trajectories and diabetes risk in this study. METHODS We included 6755 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline and participated in at least three surveys. The energy supply ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat was further calculated from dietary data; different macronutrient trajectories were determined using multitrajectory models; and multiple Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between these trajectories and diabetes. RESULTS We found three multitrajectories: decreased low carbohydrate-increased moderate protein-increased high fat (DLC-IMP-IHF), decreased high carbohydrate-moderate protein-increased low fat (DHC-MP-ILF), and balanced-macronutrients (BM). Compared to the BM trajectory, DHC-MP-ILF trajectories were significantly associated with increased risk of diabetes (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.228, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.571-6.632), whereas no association between DLC-IMP-IHF trajectories and diabetes was found in our study (HR: 0.699, 95% CI: 0.351-1.392). CONCLUSIONS The downward trend of high carbohydrate and the increasing trend of low fat increased the risk of diabetes in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Guo Ruirui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Fengdan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zibo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yibo Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Şahin Bayram S. A Narrative Review of the Significance of Popular Diets in Diabetes Mellitus Management. Cureus 2024; 16:e61045. [PMID: 38800782 PMCID: PMC11127507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a collection of metabolic disorders marked by elevated levels of glucose in the blood due to irregularities in the generation or functioning of insulin. Medical nutrition therapy and weight loss are crucial elements in the management of diabetes and the prevention of complications. Several diets have become popular over time for the goal of achieving weight loss, but their popularity has declined due to a lack of reliable scientific evidence. This study classifies popular diets into three categories: diets that manage the composition of macronutrients, diets that restrict specific foods or food groups, and diets that manipulate meal timing. The review includes research studies that investigated the effects of popular diets on the prevention, management, and complications of diabetes. It is clear that different popular diets can have positive effects on both preventing and treating diabetes and preventing and treating complications related to diabetes. However, it is not practical to determine which diet is the most effective option for preventing or controlling diabetes. Thus, the main focus should be on common underlying factors that support well-being, such as decreasing the intake of refined grains and added sugar, choosing non-starchy vegetables, and giving priority to whole foods over processed foods whenever possible, until there is stronger evidence supporting the specific benefits of different dietary patterns.
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Jiao H, Tian W, Zhai X. Genetically predicted dietary macronutrient intakes and atrial fibrillation risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:227. [PMID: 38609963 PMCID: PMC11010414 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previous observational investigations have indicated a potential association between relative dietary macronutrient intakes and atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) risk. In this study, we employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) to evaluate the presence of causality and to elucidate the specific causal relationship. METHODS We employed six, five, and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for relative carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake, identified from a genome-wide association study that included 268,922 individuals of European descent. Furthermore, we acquired summary statistics for genome-wide association studies on AF from the FinnGen consortium, which involved 22,068 cases and 116,926 controls. To evaluate the causal estimates, we utilized the random effect inverse variance weighted method (IVW) and several other MR methods, including MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO, to confirm the robustness of our findings. RESULTS Our analysis indicates a convincing causal relationship between genetically predicted relative carbohydrate and protein intake and reduced AF risk. Inverse variance weighted analysis results for carbohydrates (OR = 0.29; 95% CI (0.14, 0.59); P < 0.001) and protein (OR = 0.47; 95% CI (0.26, 0.85); P = 0.01) support this association. Our MR analysis did not identify a significant causal relationship between relative fat intake and AF risk. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between higher relative protein and carbohydrate intake and a lower risk of atrial fibrillation (AF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Haoyang Jiao
- Institute of Documentation, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Gaoyang County Hospital, Baoding, 071599, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xu Zhai
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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8
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Bedsaul-Fryer JR, Monroy-Gomez J, van Zutphen-Küffer KG, Kraemer K. An Introduction to Traditional and Novel Alternative Proteins for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102014. [PMID: 38476724 PMCID: PMC10926120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kesso G. van Zutphen-Küffer
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhou T, Sheng B, Gao H, Nie X, Sun H, Xing B, Wu L, Zhao D, Wu J, Li C. Effect of fat concentration on protein digestibility of Chinese sausage. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113922. [PMID: 38225153 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chinese sausage is a popular traditional Chinese meat product, but its high-fat content makes consumers hesitant. The purpose of this study is to compare the nutritional differences of Chinese sausages with different fermentation times (0, 10, 20, 30 d) and fat content (the initial content was 11.59% and 20.14%) during digestion. The comparison of digestion degree, protein structure, and peptide composition between different sausages were studied through in vitro simulated digestion. Chinese sausages with high-fat content had higher α-helix, β-turn, and random coil, making them easier to digest. The fermentation process made this phenomenon more pronounced. The high-fat sausage fermented for 10 d showed the highest release of primary amino acids (about 9.5%), which was about 3.5% higher than the low-fat sausage under the same conditions. The results of peptidomics confirmed the relevant conclusions. After gastric digestion, the types of peptides in the digestive fluid of high-fat sausages were generally more than those in low-fat sausages, while after intestinal digestion, the opposite results were observed. The type of peptide reached its peak after fermentation for 20 d. These findings are of obvious significance for selecting the appropriate fermentation time and fat content of Chinese sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhou
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Bulei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Haotian Gao
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Nie
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Haojie Sun
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Baofang Xing
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Longxia Wu
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Di Zhao
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Juqing Wu
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Chunbao Li
- National key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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10
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Rad ZA, Mousavi SN, Chiti H. A low-carb diet increases fecal short-chain fatty acids in feces of obese women following a weight-loss program: randomized feeding trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18146. [PMID: 37875472 PMCID: PMC10598010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare fecal level of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and some serum inflammatory markers between the low-carbohydrate (LCD) and the habitual (HD) diet, subjects were enrolled from our previous study on the effect of LCD vs. HD on gut microbiota in obese women following an energy-restricted diet. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly increased in the HD group (p < 0.001). Adjusted for the baseline parameters, fecal level of butyric, propionic, and acetic acid were significantly different between the LCD and HD groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, and p < 0.001, respectively). Increase in serum insulin level correlated with decrease in fecal propionic acid by 5.3-folds (95% CI = - 2.7, - 0.15, p = 0.04). Increase in serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) correlated with decrease in the percentage of fecal butyric acid by 25% (p = 0.04). Serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin showed a significant effect on fecal acetic acid (p = 0.009 and p = 0.01, respectively). Elevated serum FBS and insulin correlated with increase in fecal acetic acid by 2.8 and 8.9-folds (95%CI = 0.34, 1.9 and 1.2, 9.2), respectively. The LCD increased fecal SCFAs and a significant correlation was seen between serum IL-6 and fecal propionic acid level. More studies are needed to reach a concise correlation. Trial registration number: The trial was registered in Iranian ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT20200929048876N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbaspour Rad
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Neda Mousavi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Staszkiewicz R, Sobański D, Ulasavets U, Wieczorek J, Golec E, Marcol W, Grabarek BO. Evaluation of the concentration of selected elements in serum patients with intervertebral disc degeneration. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127145. [PMID: 36921371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the trace element content of human intervertebral discs (IVDs) is essential because it can identify specific enzymes or metabolites that may be related to human intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The goal of this study was to assess the concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) in serum samples obtained from patients with IVDD in comparison to healthy volunteers (a control group). The study group consisted of 113 Caucasian patients qualified by a specialist neurosurgeon for microdiscectomy. The control group consisted of 113 healthy volunteers who met the eligibility criteria for blood donors. The examined clinical material was the serum samples obtained from both groups.Based on the quantitative analysis of selected elements, there were statistically significantly (p 0.05) higher concentrations of Cu (1180 μg/L±800 μg/L vs. 1230 μg/L±750 μg/L), Zn (790 μg/L±300 μg/L vs. 850 μg/L±200 μg/L), and Mg (21730 μg/L±4360 μg/L vs. 23820 μg/L±4990 μg/L) in the serum of healthy volunteers compared to those in the study group. In addition, statistically significant changes were not detected in the concentrations of any elements among either sex in either the study or control group or in their body mass index (BMI) values (p > 0.05). In the serum samples from the study group, the strongest relationships were noted between the concentrations of Zn and Pb (r = 0.61), Zn and P (r = 0.69), Zn and Ca (r = 0.84), Zn and Cu (r = 0.83), Mg and Ca (r = 0.74), and Ca and P (r = 0.98).It has been indicated that, above all, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg depend on the advancement of radiological changes, according to the Pfirrmann scale. However, no influence on pain intensity was found, depending on the concentration of the assessed elements.The analysis indicates that the determination of serum Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg concentrations may have diagnostic significance in predicting the onset of lumbosacral IVDD. The predictive evaluation of changes in the concentrations of selected elements in patients with degenerative lumbar IVD lesions appears to be a promising, cost-effective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland; Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Dawid Sobański
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Raphael Hospital, 30-693 Krakow, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland
| | - Uladzislau Ulasavets
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wieczorek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Edward Golec
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital, Kraków, Poland; Department of Rehabilitation in Orthopedics, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation Bronisław Czech University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesław Marcol
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Specialist Hospital No. 2 in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, 44-300 Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland; Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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12
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Fecal Microbiota Composition as a Metagenomic Biomarker of Dietary Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054918. [PMID: 36902349 PMCID: PMC10003228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota encompasses the set of microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract with mutual relationships that are key for host homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports cross intercommunication between the intestinal microbiome and the eubiosis-dysbiosis binomial, indicating a networking role of gut bacteria as potential metabolic health surrogate markers. The abundance and diversity of the fecal microbial community are already recognized to be associated with several disorders, such as obesity, cardiometabolic events, gastrointestinal alterations, and mental diseases, which suggests that intestinal microbes may be a valuable tool as causal or as consequence biomarkers. In this context, the fecal microbiota could also be used as an adequate and informative proxy of the nutritional composition of the food intake and about the adherence to dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean or Western diets, by displaying specific fecal microbiome signatures. The aim of this review was to discuss the potential use of gut microbial composition as a putative biomarker of food intake and to screen the sensitivity value of fecal microbiota in the evaluation of dietary interventions as a reliable and precise alternative to subjective questionnaires.
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13
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Abeywickrema S, Ginieis R, Oey I, Perry T, Keast RSJ, Peng M. Taste but not smell sensitivities are linked to dietary macronutrient composition. Appetite 2023; 181:106385. [PMID: 36442612 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Macronutrient intake and composition of diets (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat) can vary substantially across individuals. Chemosensory functions are hypothesised to play a key role in modulating nutrient choices and intake. The present study tests links between individual gustatory or olfactory supra-threshold sensitivities and dietary macronutrient intake. A total of 98 European males (N = 81 for final analyses; age: 20-40 yo; BMI: 18.9-48.1 kg∙m-2) were tested for supra-threshold sensitivities (d') to 3-gustatory (i.e., Sucrose, MSG, Dairy fat) and 3-olfactory stimuli (i.e., Vanillin, Methional, Maltol/Furaneol), followed by a 4-day weighed Food Record to give measures of macronutrient intake (kJ) and composition (%). With multivariate analyses (i.e., K-mean clustering, PCA, and Hierarchical Regression), gustatory and olfactory d' were compared across groups of individuals with distinct macronutrient composition or intake. Significant differences in gustatory d' were found across the clusters based on macronutrient composition (p < 0.05), but not for clusters based on intake. Hierarchical regressions suggested that gustatory d' played a significant role in predicting dietary carbohydrate composition and intake, with one-unit d' increase predicting reduction of 3%-4.66% (R2 = 0.21, F(5,75) = 5.38, p = 0.001). Moreover, every one-unit increase in d' to MSG increased protein composition by 3.45% (R2 = 0.10, F(5,75) = 2.83, p = 0.022) and intake by 392 kJ (R2 = 0.08, F(5,75) = 2.41, p = 0.044). By contrast, olfactory d' showed little association to macronutrient composition or intake (p > 0.05). Overall, we present intriguing new evidence that gustatory, but not olfactory, sensitivities are linked to dietary macronutrient composition, with relatively little effect on actual intake. These findings highlight possible action of a sensory-mediated mechanism guiding food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashie Abeywickrema
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Ginieis
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tracy Perry
- Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Russell S J Keast
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mei Peng
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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14
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The Effect of Diet on the Cardiac Circadian Clock in Mice: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121273. [PMID: 36557311 PMCID: PMC9786298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play important roles in regulating physiological and behavioral processes. These are adjusted by environmental cues, such as diet, which acts by synchronizing or attenuating the circadian rhythms of peripheral clocks, such as the liver, intestine, pancreas, white and brown adipose tissue, lungs, kidneys, as well as the heart. Some studies point to the influence of diet composition, feeding timing, and dietary restriction on metabolic homeostasis and circadian rhythms at various levels. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to discuss studies addressing the effect of diet on the heart clock in animal models and, additionally, the chronodisruption of the clock and its relation to the development of cardiovascular disorders in the last 15 years. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. The PRISMA guide was used to construct the article. Nineteen studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. In summary, these studies have linked the circadian clock to cardiovascular health and suggested that maintaining a robust circadian system may reduce the risks of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The effect of time-of-day-dependent eating on the modulation of circadian rhythms of the cardiac clock and energy homeostasis is notable, among its deleterious effects predominantly in the sleep (light) phase and/or at the end of the active phase.
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15
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Anjana RM, Srinivasan S, Sudha V, Joshi SR, Saboo B, Tandon N, Das AK, Jabbar PK, Madhu SV, Gupta A, Bajaj S, Chowdhury S, Kalra S, Gayathri R, Abirami K, Manasa VS, Padmapritha T, Lakshmipriya N, Geetha G, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Unnikrishnan R, Kurpad AV, Krishnaswamy K, Kaur T, Dhaliwal RS, Mohan V. Macronutrient Recommendations for Remission and Prevention of Diabetes in Asian Indians Based on a Data-Driven Optimization Model: The ICMR-INDIAB National Study. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:dc220627. [PMID: 36350789 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To derive macronutrient recommendations for remission and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asian Indians using a data-driven optimization approach. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Dietary, behavioral, and demographic assessments were performed on 18,090 adults participating in the nationally representative, population-based Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Fasting and 2-h postglucose challenge capillary blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were estimated. With HbA1c as the outcome, a linear regression model was first obtained for various glycemic categories: newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD), prediabetes (PD), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Macronutrient recommendations were formulated as a constrained quadratic programming problem (QPP) to compute optimal macronutrient compositions that would reduce the sum of the difference between the estimated HbA1c from the linear regression model and the targets for remission (6.4% for NDD and 5.6% for PD) and prevention of progression in T2D in PD and NGT groups. RESULTS Four macronutrient recommendations (%E- Energy) emerged for 1) diabetes remission in NDD: carbohydrate, 49-54%; protein, 19-20%; and fat, 21-26%; 2) PD remission to NGT: carbohydrate, 50-56%; protein,18-20%; fat, 21-27%; 3 and 4) prevention of progression to T2D in PD and NGT: carbohydrate, 54-57% and 56-60%; protein, 16-20% and 14-17%, respectively; and fat 20-24% for PD and NGT. CONCLUSIONS We recommend reduction in carbohydrates (%E) and an increase in protein (%E) for both T2D remission and for prevention of progression to T2D in PD and NGT groups. Our results underline the need for new dietary guidelines that recommend appropriate changes in macronutrient composition for reducing the burden due to diabetes in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seshadhri Srinivasan
- International Research Centre, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shashank R Joshi
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Dia Care-Diabetes Care & Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - National Capital, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Das
- Department of General Medicine & Endocrinology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pudcherry - Union Territory, India
| | | | - Sri Venkata Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Gupta
- Department of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Rajasthan Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarita Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGMER) & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Rajagopal Gayathri
- Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuzhandaivelu Abirami
- Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Valangaiman Sriram Manasa
- Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thamotharan Padmapritha
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunasekaran Geetha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Research Operations, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kamala Krishnaswamy
- Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Kan J, Wu F, Wang F, Zheng J, Cheng J, Li Y, Yang Y, Du J. Phytonutrients: Sources, bioavailability, interaction with gut microbiota, and their impacts on human health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960309. [PMID: 36051901 PMCID: PMC9424995 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytonutrients are natural bioactive components present in the daily diet that can exert a positive impact on human health. Studies have shown that phytonutrients may act as antioxidants and improve metabolism after being ingested, which help to regulate physiological processes and prevent metabolic disorders and diseases. However, their efficacy is limited by their low bioavailability. The gut microbiota is symbiotic with humans and its abundance and profile are related to most diseases. Interestingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with the metabolism of phytonutrients by converting them into small molecules that can be absorbed by the body, thereby enhancing their bioavailability. Furthermore, phytonutrients can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and therefore improve the host's health. Here, we focus on uncovering the mechanisms by which phytonutrients and gut microbiota play roles in health, and the interrelationships between phytonutrients and gut microbiota were summarized. We also reviewed the studies that reported the efficacy of phytonutrients in human health and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Junrui Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Yuan Li
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
- Yuexin Yang
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Du
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17
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Abril S, Pinzón M, Hernández-Carrión M, Sánchez-Camargo ADP. Edible Insects in Latin America: A Sustainable Alternative for Our Food Security. Front Nutr 2022; 9:904812. [PMID: 35711558 PMCID: PMC9196879 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the food industry faces paramount challenges in different areas, since worldwide consumers are increasing every day, and at the same time, they are demanding new convenient products. Recent studies show that the current food production system is unsustainable over time and therefore is necessary to create new alternatives of production. New food trends are focused on the consumption of natural products, that have an eco-friendly production approach, and a beneficial nutritional profile for the consumer’s health. Hence, products are being created to not only have good organoleptic characteristics, but also to contain a wide variety of micro and macronutrients, and to be sustainable within their production. For this reason, the use of raw materials that satisfy the needs previously mentioned is being implemented. For instance, the use of insects as raw material, because they have a high protein content comparable to animal-based foods. Specifically, ants and crickets can contain between 9 and 77% protein of dry weight, while beef contains between 25 and 28%. On the other hand, insects present an ease and sustainable production system, compared to livestock farming, since some of them feed with food waste generated by humans. In addition, require less food for their upbringing; insects can convert 2 kg of feed into 1 kg of insect mass, while cattle use 8 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of body weight. On the other hand, there is evidence that insects produce fewer greenhouse gases during their production, for example, pigs produce between 10 and 100 times more greenhouse gases per kg of weight. United States, Mexico, Chile, Peru, and Argentina have begun to develop and consume these products; thus, promoting different and new ventures. Large-scale production of insect-based food products could help solve or even prevent the looming food problem and contribute to the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations. Thus, the aim of this review work was to compile and investigate the edible insect’s alternatives in Latin America, as well as the commercially available or potential derivative products. We discussed the nutritional value of edible insects, and how they could contribute to food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Abril
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mariana Pinzón
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Hernández-Carrión
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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18
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Lotfi K, Mohammadi S, Mirzaei S, Asadi A, Akhlaghi M, Saneei P. Dietary total, plant and animal protein intake in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10055. [PMID: 35710856 PMCID: PMC9203557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated dietary total protein intake and its subtypes in relation to metabolic health status. We explored the relation between dietary total, plant and animal protein intake with metabolic health status in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents. Overweight/obese adolescents (n = 203) were selected for this cross-sectional study by multistage cluster random-sampling method. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intakes. Total, plant and animal protein intake were considered as percentage of energy intake. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid and glycemic profiles were collected. Participants were classified as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or unhealthy obese (MUO) based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and IDF/Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) definitions. Subjects had a mean age of 13.98 years, and 50.2% of them were girls. Based on IDF criteria, adolescents in the top tertile of total (OR = 0.32; 95% CI 0.13–0.77), plant (OR = 0.30; 95% CI 0.10–0.91), and animal (OR = 0.20; 95% CI 0.08–0.54) protein intake had lower odds of being MUO compared to the reference category. Considering IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, subjects in the highest tertile of total (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.12–0.79) and animal (OR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.06–0.49) protein intake were less likely to be MUO. However, no substantial association was observed with plant protein intake. Also, an inverse association was observed between each SD increase in total and animal protein with MUO odds. We found inverse association between total, plant and animal protein intake and chance of being MUO in adolescents. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sobhan Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
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19
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Derbyshire E. Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and Protein Quality Definitions—Time to Move Forward and Encompass Mycoprotein? Foods 2022; 11:foods11050647. [PMID: 35267280 PMCID: PMC8909067 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) lack uniformity globally, with the integration of protein food sources being highly variable. Protein guidance tends to be dichotomous, e.g., animal versus plant with other categories such as fungal proteins being overlooked. In 2019 the EAT Lancet Food in the Anthropocene report was a chief driver questioning the need to supply healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Some countries are developing FBDG that integrate these aspects, but these are quite often protracted, too subtle or misaligned with other countries, diluting the effects of meaningful global change. Protein quality metrics also underpin the dissemination of dietary guidance. However, for protein, these remain based on a food’s essential amino acid profile and digestibility scores, thus are nutritionally and physiologically centric. It has been proposed that this definition is becoming increasingly myopic from a wider societal perspective. Updated indices should include contemporary issues such as protein diversity and environmental outcomes. Taken together, there is opportunity for renewed thinking about both FBDG and protein quality definitions, with scope to include both health and environmental outcomes and need to move towards the concept of protein diversification.
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20
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The Relationship between Macronutrient Distribution and Type 2 Diabetes in Asian Indians. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124406. [PMID: 34959958 PMCID: PMC8704419 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian Indians (AIs) are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus than other ethnic groups. AIs also have lower body mass index (BMI) values than other populations, so can benefit from strategies other than weight reduction. Macronutrient distributions are associated with improved glycemic control; however, no specific distribution is generally recommended. This study looks at whether a macronutrient distribution of 50:30:20 (percent of total calories from carbohydrates, fats, and protein) is related to diabetes status in AIs. Diet and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were assessed from convenience sample of AI adults in Maryland. A ratio of actual to needed calories using the 50:30:20 macronutrient distribution was then tested against diabetes status to identify associations. All groups except non-diabetic females, were in negative energy balance. The non-diabetic group consumed larger actual to needed ratios of protein than pre-diabetics and diabetics. However, all groups consumed protein at the lower end of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), and the quality of all macronutrients consumed was low. Therefore, weight loss may not be the recommendation for diabetes management for AIs. Increasing protein and insoluble fiber consumption, could play a critical role.
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21
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The Association between Daily Total Dietary Nutrient Intake and Recent Glycemic Control States of Non-Pregnant Adults 20+ Years Old from NHANES 1999-2018 (Except for 2003-2004). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114168. [PMID: 34836424 PMCID: PMC8620762 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although daily total dietary nutrient intakes were potentially important factors in maintaining glycemic balance, their overall effect on glycemic control was still unclear among American adults. Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between daily total dietary nutrient intake and recent glycemic control status (RGCS). Methods: This cohort was composed of 41,302 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The daily total intake of dietary nutrients and RGCS were independent and dependent variables, respectively. To evaluate their association, we carried out binary logistic regression, model fitting, linear discriminant analysis, and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The result of robust check model showed that only the daily total dietary vitamin B6 intake (adjusted OR = 0.848; 95% CI: 0.738, 0.973; p-value = 0.019) was significantly negatively correlated with RGCS. When daily total dietary vitamin B6 intake and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were used as independent variables and dependent variables, respectively, to fit the curves and lines, the established robust check model could distinguish American adults with different RGCS well. Moreover, the robust check model results of ROC analysis indicated that daily total dietary vitamin B6 intake might be a potential predictor for RGCS (AUC = 0.977; 95% CI: 0.974, 0.980; p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that only daily total dietary vitamin B6 intake was a beneficial factor in RGCS, but it might need further multicenter or prospective studies to verify whether vitamin B6 had biological implications and public health meaning for glycemic control among American adults (specifically referred to non-pregnant participants over 20 years old).
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Santiago S, Zazpe I, Fernandez-Lazaro CI, de la O V, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-González MÁ. Macronutrient Quality and All-Cause Mortality in the SUN Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:972. [PMID: 33802782 PMCID: PMC8002396 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
No previous study has assessed the relationship between overall macronutrient quality and all-cause mortality. We aimed to prospectively examine the association between a multidimensional macronutrient quality index (MQI) and all-cause mortality in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) (University of Navarra Follow-Up) study, a Mediterranean cohort of middle-aged adults. Dietary intake information was obtained from a validated 136-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. We calculated the MQI (categorized in quartiles) based on three quality indexes: the carbohydrate quality index (CQI), the fat quality index (FQI), and the healthy plate protein source quality index (HPPQI). Among 19,083 participants (mean age 38.4, 59.9% female), 440 deaths from all causes were observed during a median follow-up of 12.2 years (IQR, 8.3-14.9). No significant association was found between the MQI and mortality risk with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.59-1.06; Ptrend = 0.199). The CQI was the only component of the MQI associated with mortality showing a significant inverse relationship, with HR between extreme quartiles of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.45-0.90; Ptrend = 0.021). In this Mediterranean cohort, a new and multidimensional MQI defined a priori was not associated with all-cause mortality. Among its three sub-indexes, only the CQI showed a significant inverse relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality.
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Grants
- (RD 06/0045, CIBER-OBN, Grants PI10/02658, PI10/02293, PI13/00615, PI14/01668, PI14/01798, PI14/01764, PI17/01795, PI20/00564 and G03/140), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
- (45/2011, 122/2014, 41/2016), and the University of Navarra the Navarra Regional Government
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santiago
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, Campus Universitario, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.S.); (I.Z.)
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, Campus Universitario, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.S.); (I.Z.)
| | - Cesar I. Fernandez-Lazaro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Campus Universitario, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (V.d.l.O.); (M.B.-R.)
| | - Víctor de la O
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Campus Universitario, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (V.d.l.O.); (M.B.-R.)
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Campus Universitario, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (V.d.l.O.); (M.B.-R.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Campus Universitario, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (V.d.l.O.); (M.B.-R.)
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Tan J, Ni D, Ribeiro RV, Pinget GV, Macia L. How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:823. [PMID: 33801480 PMCID: PMC7999246 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rosilene V. Ribeiro
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gabriela V. Pinget
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Catalani E, Silvestri F, Bongiorni S, Taddei AR, Fanelli G, Rinalducci S, De Palma C, Perrotta C, Prantera G, Cervia D. Retinal damage in a new model of hyperglycemia induced by high-sucrose diets. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105488. [PMID: 33582248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of retinal neurons may precede clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We studied for the first time the effects of hyperglycemia on the visual system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to characterize a model for glucose-induced retinal neurodegeneration, thus complementing more traditional vertebrate systems. Adult flies were fed with increased high-sucrose regimens which did not modify the locomotion ability, muscle phenotype and mobility after 10 days. The increased availability of dietary sucrose induced hyperglycemia and phosphorylation of Akt in fat tissue, without significant effects on adult growth and viability, consistent with the early phase of insulin signaling and a low impact on the overall metabolic profile of flies at short term. Noteworthy, high-sucrose diets significantly decreased Drosophila responsiveness to the light as a consequence of vision defects. Hyperglycemia did not alter the gross anatomical architecture of the external eye phenotype although a progressive damage of photosensitive units was observed. Appreciable levels of cleaved caspase 3 and nitrotyrosine were detected in the internal retina network as well as punctate staining of Light-Chain 3 and p62, and accumulated autophagosomes, indicating apoptotic features, peroxynitrite formation and autophagy turnover defects. In summary, our results in Drosophila support the view that hyperglycemia induced by high-sucrose diets lead to eye defects, apoptosis/autophagy dysregulation, oxidative stress, and visual dysfunctions which are evolutionarily conserved, thus offering a meaningful opportunity of using a simple in vivo model to study the pathophysiology of neuroretinal alterations that develop in patients at the early stages of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federica Silvestri
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Bongiorni
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Taddei
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Great Equipment Center, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Fanelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, via L. Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Prantera
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Abad-Segura E, González-Zamar MD, Gómez-Galán J, Bernal-Bravo C. Management Accounting for Healthy Nutrition Education: Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3715. [PMID: 33271836 PMCID: PMC7761494 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unequal economic growth shapes food systems. Nutrition problems incorporate inappropriate practices, so nutrition education is key to empowering consumers to choose healthy foods. However, increasing the accessibility of healthy diets is related to reducing the cost of nutritious foods. The accounting management of healthy nutrition should allow for optimal global decision-making. The evolution of scientific production and global research trends on this topic between 1968 and 2019 have been studied. Statistical and mathematical methods have been applied to 1738 documents from the Scopus database. The results provided data on the agents that participate in the development of the theme. Data reveal an exponential trend, especially in the previous decade, with more than 50% of scientific production. Future lines of research have been identified: investment in health systems; green label education; early impact of food insecurity; WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) nutrition education; food waste audit; and ecological footprint of food. The central contribution of the study has been to detect the main future directions of research, providing critical points that will allow us to identify the themes of future publications, in addition to providing an instrument for decision-making carried out by the research funding sponsors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Abad-Segura
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | | | - José Gómez-Galán
- Department of Education, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Cupey Campus, College of Education, Ana G. Méndez University, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - César Bernal-Bravo
- Department of Education Sciences, Language, Culture and Arts, Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo Artilleros s/n, 28032 Madrid, Spain;
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