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Kim N, Parolin B, Renshaw D, Deb SK, Zariwala MG. Formulated Palmitoylethanolamide Supplementation Improves Parameters of Cognitive Function and BDNF Levels in Young, Healthy Adults: A Randomised Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:489. [PMID: 38398813 PMCID: PMC10891801 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endocannabinoid-like lipid mediator which is naturally produced in the body and found in certain foods. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a bioavailable formulated form of PEA (Levagen+®) on serum BDNF levels and parameters of cognitive function in healthy adults. METHODS A randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled cross-over trial was implemented to measure the effects of a 6-week 700 mg/day course of formulated PEA supplementation versus a placebo. Participants (n = 39) completed pre- and post-assessments of a lab-based cognitive test. Serum samples were collected to measure BDNF concentrations using an immunoassay. RESULTS A significant increase in serum BDNF levels was found following PEA supplementation compared with the placebo (p = 0. 0057, d = 0.62). The cognition test battery demonstrated improved memory with PEA supplementation through better first success (p = 0.142, d = 0.54) and fewer errors (p = 0.0287; d = -0.47) on the Paired Associates Learning test. CONCLUSION This was the first study to report a direct beneficial effect of Levagen+® PEA supplementation on memory improvement as well as corresponding increases in circulating neurotrophic marker levels. This suggests that formulated PEA holds promise as an innovative and practical intervention for cognitive health enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kim
- Centre for Nutraceuticals, University of Westminster, London W1W6 UW, UK (S.K.D.)
| | - Brenda Parolin
- Centre for Nutraceuticals, University of Westminster, London W1W6 UW, UK (S.K.D.)
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;
| | - Sanjoy K. Deb
- Centre for Nutraceuticals, University of Westminster, London W1W6 UW, UK (S.K.D.)
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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Menze I, Mueller P, Mueller NG, Schmicker M. Age-related cognitive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health changes in Germans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8172. [PMID: 35581297 PMCID: PMC9112263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictive means to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have not only imposed broad challenges on mental health but might also affect cognitive health. Here we asked how restriction-related changes influence cognitive performance and how age, perceived loneliness, depressiveness and affectedness by restrictions contribute to these effects. 51 Germans completed three assessments of an online based study during the first lockdown in Germany (April 2020), a month later, and during the beginning of the second lockdown (November 2020). Participants completed nine online cognitive tasks of the MyBrainTraining and online questionnaires about their perceived strain and impact on lifestyle factors by the situation (affectedness), perceived loneliness, depressiveness as well as subjective cognitive performance. The results suggested a possible negative impact of depressiveness and affectedness on objective cognitive performance within the course of the lockdown. The younger the participants, the more pronounced these effects were. Loneliness and depressiveness moreover contributed to a worse evaluation of subjective cognition. In addition, especially younger individuals reported increased distress. As important educational and social input has partly been scarce during this pandemic and mental health problems have increased, future research should also assess cognitive long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Menze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Mueller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Mueller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marlen Schmicker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Mladěnka P. Special Issue “Dietary (Poly)Phenols and Health”. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071402. [PMID: 35406015 PMCID: PMC9003021 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Casas R, Raidó-Quintana B, Ruiz-León AM, Castro-Barquero S, Bertomeu I, Gonzalez-Juste J, Campolier M, Estruch R. Changes in Spanish lifestyle and dietary habits during the COVID-19 lockdown. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2417-2434. [PMID: 35129647 PMCID: PMC9279186 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-2019 pandemic forced many governments to declare the "to stay at home" which encouraged social distancing and isolation among citizens. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary and lifestyle habit changes that occurred during home confinement in Spain. METHODS An European online survey was launched in April 2020. This included 70 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, dietary habits, including key Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) foods. A total of 945 Spanish adults from 1268 European that completed the online survey were included in the analysis. RESULTS Most of the Spanish participants adopted healthier dietary habits during home lockdown, which was translated to a higher MedDiet adherence. However, a negative impact on physical activity levels, sleep quality or smoking rates was observed. Low MedDiet adherence was associated with a higher risk of weight gain (OR = 1.53, CI 1.1-2.1; p = 0.016), while no snacking between meals reduced the risk by 80% (OR = 0.20, CI 0.09-0.45, p < 0.001) and eating more quantity, considering portion size, increased body weight gain risk almost sixfold more. CONCLUSION To conclude, although dietary habits were improved during home lockdown, certain unhealthy behaviours (e.g. increased snacking between meals, increased food intake, and an increase in sedentary behaviour) were increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ana María Ruiz-León
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Campolier
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford Trauma and Emergency Care, Kadoorie Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Hepsomali P, Greyling A, Scholey A, Vauzour D. Acute Effects of Polyphenols on Human Attentional Processes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:678769. [PMID: 34108860 PMCID: PMC8180591 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.678769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of polyphenols on cognitive functions have been extensively studied. Due to the large heterogeneity in the study designs, however, it is often difficult to interpret their efficacy. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to examine whether acute polyphenol intake may have a beneficial effect on cognition and specifically on the accuracy and speed of attention. Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies published up to end of August 2020 following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021232109). Only placebo-controlled human intervention trials that assessed acute effects of polyphenols on accuracy and speed of attention were included in the meta-analyses. When cognitive tasks were repeated over time, pooled means and standard deviations for intervention and placebo over repetitions separately for each task for both speed and accuracy were calculated. We also conducted separate analyses focusing only on the last repetition. Furthermore, confounding effects of age and source of polyphenols were also considered. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis of last task repetitions showed that the acute consumption of polyphenols improved rapid visual information processing speed in young participants (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI = [0.03-0.50]; I 2= 0%; p = 0.02; k = 5). All other analyses did not reach significance. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that acute polyphenol consumption might improve speed in rapid visual information processing task, a higher order task with elements of vigilance, working memory, and executive function, in young participants; however, as the current literature is inconsistent and limited, further acute intervention studies are warranted to achieve more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piril Hepsomali
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Arno Greyling
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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