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Zhang L, Chen X, Chen Y, Yan J, Huang G, Li W. A Comparative Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Folate-Based B Vitamin Intervention on Cognitive Function of Older Adults under Mandatory Folic Acid Fortification Policy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:2199. [PMID: 39064642 PMCID: PMC11279592 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The policies regarding the mandatory fortification of food with folic acid (FA) may impact the effectiveness of folate-based B vitamin treatment on cognitive function in older adults. We critically and systematically review the literature to assess whether food fortification policies affect folate-based B vitamin treatment efficacy on cognition function in older adults. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, were searched for "Cognitive Function", "Folate", and "Older Adults". The study had specific criteria for inclusion, which were as follows: (1) the studies should initially have randomized controlled trials that were conducted on older adults aged 60 or above; (2) the studies must assess the relationship between folate status and cognitive performance; and (3) the studies should clarify the policies regarding food fortification with FA. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Two reviewers independently extracted all the data, and any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. All the data collected were compiled, compared, and analyzed critically. Random effects models were used to assess the effects of interventions. The systematic review included fifty-one articles involving 42,768 participants. Of these, the 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis on the effects of folate-based B vitamin supplementation on cognitive function showed a significant overall impact (Z = 3.84; p = 0.0001; SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.09, 0.28). Further analysis revealed that FA food fortification policies were not implemented in countries where folate-based B vitamin supplementation improved cognitive impairment in older adults (Z = 3.75; p = 0.0002; SMD, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.13, 0.40). However, the FA intervention did not have significant outcomes in areas where FA food fortification policies were mandatory (Z = 0.75; p = 0.45; SMD, 0.03; 95% CI, -0.06, 0.13). Supplementing with oral folic acid, alone or in combination, has been linked to improved cognitive performance in older adults. While mandatory FA fortification has the improved folic acid status, additional folate-based B vitamin supplements do not appear to influence cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Xukun Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Jing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China;
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (G.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (G.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China;
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Harikrishnan S, Kaushik D, Kumar M, Kaur J, Oz E, Proestos C, Elobeid T, Karakullukcu OF, Oz F. Vitamin B12: prevention of human beings from lethal diseases and its food application. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38922926 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin B12, a water-soluble essential micronutrient, plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes in the human body. This review meticulously examines the structural complexity and the diverse mechanisms through which vitamin B12 exerts its preventive effects against a spectrum of health conditions, including pernicious anaemia, neurological disorders, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and complications in foetal development. The selection of articles for this review was conducted through a systematic search across multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Criteria for inclusion encompassed relevance to the biochemical impact of vitamin B12 on health, peer-reviewed status and publication within the last decade. Exclusion criteria were non-English articles and studies lacking empirical evidence. This stringent selection process ensured a comprehensive analysis of vitamin B12's multifaceted impact on health, covering its structure, bioavailable forms and mechanisms of action. Clinical studies highlighting its therapeutic potential, applications in food fortification and other utilizations are also discussed, underscoring the nutrient's versatility. This synthesis aims to provide a clear understanding of the integral role of vitamin B12 in maintaining human health and its potential in clinical and nutritional applications. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harikrishnan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Deepika Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Mukul Kumar
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Jasjit Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Emel Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tahra Elobeid
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omur Fatih Karakullukcu
- Republic of Türkiye, Ministry National Education, General Directorate of Support Services, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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Sun X, He C, Yang S, Li W, Qu H. Mendelian randomization to evaluate the effect of folic acid supplement on the risk of Alzheimer disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37021. [PMID: 38335403 PMCID: PMC10860992 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to evaluate the impact of folic acid supplementation on the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis model assessed the causal effects of folic acid supplementation on AD, utilizing data from recent genome-wide association studies. Effect estimates were scrutinized using various methods: inverse-variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, weighted mode, simple median, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and the MR-Egger method. The sensitivity analysis assessed heterogeneity and pleiotropy of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the IVW method with Cochran Q statistics and MR Egger intercept, respectively. Additionally, a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis determined potential SNP-driven associations. Both fixed-effect and random-effect IVW models in the MR analysis revealed a reduced risk of AD associated with folic acid supplementation (odds ratio, 0.930; 95% CI, 0.903-0.958, P < .001; odds ratio, 0.930; 95% CI, 0.910-0.950, P < .001) based on 7 SNPs as instrumental variables. The reverse MR analysis indicated no causal association between AD and folic acid supplementation. This study, utilizing genetic data, suggests that folic acid supplementation may potentially reduce the risk of AD and provides novel insights into its etiology and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shida Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The people’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Weizhuo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The people’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiling Qu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Fan J, Ma Z, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Huang L, Liu H. Folate Deficiency Increased Microglial Amyloid-β Phagocytosis via the RAGE Receptor in Chronic Unpredictable Mild-Stress Rat and BV2 Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:3501. [PMID: 37630692 PMCID: PMC10457913 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is often considered one of the prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism disorders and impaired microglia phagocytosis are potential pathological mechanisms between depression and AD. Folate deficiency (FD) is a risk factor for depression and AD. In this study, we used a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model and a model of Aβ phagocytosis by BV2 cells to explore the potential mechanisms by which FD affects depression and AD. The results revealed that FD exacerbated depressive behavior and activated microglia in CUMS rats, leading to an increase in intracellular Aβ and phagocytosis-related receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Then, in vitro results showed that the expression of the RAGE receptor and M2 phenotype marker (CD206) were upregulated by FD treatment in BV2 cells, leading to an increase in Aβ phagocytosis. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and clathrin heavy chain (CHC). Furthermore, when using the RAGE-specific inhibitor FPS-ZM1, there was no significant difference in Aβ uptake between folate-normal (FN) and FD BV2 cell groups. In conclusion, these findings suggest FD may promote microglia phagocytosis Aβ via regulating the expression of RAGE or microglia phenotype under Aβ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zewei Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunqin Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meilin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
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Zanin Palchetti C, Gomes Gonçalves N, Vidal Ferreira N, Santos IS, Andrade Lotufo P, Bensenor IM, Suemoto CK, Marchioni DML. Dietary folate intake and its association with longitudinal changes in cognition function. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 55:332-339. [PMID: 37202066 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Folate (vitamin B9) is an essential co-factor for one-carbon metabolism. Controversial evidence has emerged regarding the association between folate and cognitive performance. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between baseline dietary folate intake and cognitive decline in a population exposed to mandatory fortification during a median follow-up of 8 years. METHODS Multicenter, prospective cohort study involving 15,105 public servants aged 35-74 years old, both sexes, from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Baseline dietary intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Six cognitive tests were performed in the three waves to assess memory, executive function and global cognition. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between dietary folate intake at baseline and changes in cognition over time. RESULTS Data from 11,276 participants were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 51.7 (9) years, 50% were women, 63% were overweight/obese, and 56% had graduated from college or more. Overall dietary folate intake was not associated with cognitive decline; neither vitamin B12 intake was a modifier of this association. General dietary supplements and specifically multivitamins use did not affect these findings. Natural food folate group was associated with a slower rate of global cognitive decline (β (95% CI): 0.001 (0.000; 0.002), P = 0.015). There was no association between fortified food group and cognition scores. CONCLUSION Overall dietary folate intake was not associated with cognitive function in this Brazilian population. However, folate naturally occurring in food sources may slow global cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Zanin Palchetti
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Naomi Vidal Ferreira
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Du H, Li T, Xue Q, Tian Y, Hu Y. Optimization and validation of folate extraction from Moringa oleifera leaves powder. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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Li H, Li H, Zhu Z, Xiong X, Huang Y, Feng Y, Li Z, Wu K, Wu F. Association of serum homocysteine levels with intestinal flora and cognitive function in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:258-265. [PMID: 36773527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have indicated that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels and intestinal flora may be involved in schizophrenia (SZ) cognition pathophysiology. This study was the first to investigate the association among Hcy, intestinal flora and schizophrenia cognition. Here, 140 individuals were divided into two groups: SZ patients (N = 68) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 72). Participant data on serum Hcy levels, intestinal flora and cognitive function evaluation using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were collected. Clinical symptoms of patients were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Serum Hcy levels and the incidence of hyperhomocysteinaemia were considerably increased in SZ patients compared with HCs. Hcy levels were significantly negatively associated with verbal learning index scores (r = -0.425, p < 0.001) but positively associated with Eubacterium (r = 0.32, p = 0.007), Lactobacillus (r = 0.32, p = 0.008), Corynebacterium (r = 0.26, p = 0.035), Mogibacterium (r = 0.31, p = 0.01), and Bulleidia (r = 0.31, p = 0.01) in SZ patients. Our findings suggest that serum Hcy levels are associated with cognitive function and intestinal flora in SZ patients. However, the mechanism of the interaction between Hcy and intestinal flora and its effects on cognitive function in SZ patients requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqiu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangdong Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
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Hamano T, Nagata M, Matsubara R, Ikebata Y, Ito T, Ibe A, Fujita Y, Kusaka Y, Tokunaga T, Enomoto S, Endo Y, Ueno A, Shirafuji N, Ikawa M, Hayashi K, Yamamura O, Nakamoto Y. Effectiveness of a self-reporting yes/no survey for dementia screening-trial in Fukui, Japan. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1029614. [PMID: 36688170 PMCID: PMC9845620 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1029614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early intervention for dementia patients is extremely important for the prevention of dementia. However, so far, it is not clear as to what kind of screening will be useful for the early detection of dementia. Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between the results of a short self-reporting yes/no survey selected in Kihon Checklist, developed by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare to identify older adults who are at risk of requiring support/care, and other original items developed by Dementia Prevention Team, Fukui, Japan, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and determine the diagnostic efficacy of the self-reporting yes/no survey. Methods: Self-reporting yes/no surveys were conducted for 87,687 individuals aged ≥65 years, living in Fukui, Japan, and did not have Long-Term Care Insurance, Japan. According to the survey results, selected individuals were advised to visit a local hospital to be assessed with MMSE. Results: Individuals who could not make a call by looking up phone numbers and manage their own deposits and savings at the bank or automatic teller machine (ATM) had an increased risk of low MMSE score (≤23; odds ratio: 2.74 [1.89-3.97]; 95% confidence interval: 2.12 [1.46-3.07]). Conclusions: Self-reporting yes/no survey could effectively screen for dementia. Not being able to make a call by looking up phone numbers and not being able to manage their own deposits and savings at the bank or ATM are signs of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Hamano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan,Department of Aging and Dementia (DAD), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan,Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan,*Correspondence: Tadanori Hamano
| | - Miwako Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Nakamura Hospital, Echizen-city, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuhiko Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Sukoyaka Silver Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ibe Hospital, Echizen-cho, Japan
| | - Youshi Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Neurological Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kusaka
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tokunaga
- Research Promotion Office, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Soichi Enomoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan,Department of Aging and Dementia (DAD), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Endo
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Asako Ueno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Norimichi Shirafuji
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kouji Hayashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Perus L, Busto GU, Mangin JF, Le Bars E, Gabelle A. Effects of preventive interventions on neuroimaging biomarkers in subjects at-risk to develop Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1014559. [PMID: 36506466 PMCID: PMC9730537 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1014559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial and complex neurodegenerative disorder. Some modifiable risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of appearance of the disease and/or cognitive decline. Preventive clinical trials aiming at reducing one or combined risk factors have been implemented and their potential effects assessed on cognitive trajectories and on AD biomarkers. However, the effect of interventions on surrogate markers, in particular imaging biomarkers, remains poorly understood. We conducted a review of the literature and analyzed 43 interventional studies that included physical exercise, nutrition, cognitive training or multidomain interventions, and assessed various brain imaging biomarkers, to determine the effects of preventive interventions on imaging biomarkers for subjects at-risk to develop AD. Deciphering the global and regional brain effect of each and combined interventions will help to better understand the interplay relationship between multimodal interventions, cognition, surrogate brain markers, and to better design primary and secondary outcomes for future preventive clinical trials. Those studies were pondered using generally-admitted quality criteria to reveal that interventions may affect the brain of patients with cognitive impairment rather than those without cognitive impairment thus indicating that particular care should be taken when selecting individuals for interventions. Additionally, a majority of the studies concurred on the effect of the interventions and particularly onto the frontal brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perus
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Memory Resources and Research Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CATI, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Ile de France, France
| | - Germain U. Busto
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Memory Resources and Research Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- CATI, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Ile de France, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, UMR9027 Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuelle Le Bars
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Memory Resources and Research Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
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10
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Luzzi S, Cherubini V, Falsetti L, Viticchi G, Silvestrini M, Toraldo A. Homocysteine, Cognitive Functions, and Degenerative Dementias: State of the Art. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2741. [PMID: 36359260 PMCID: PMC9687733 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that homocysteine is a risk factor not only for cerebrovascular diseases but also for degenerative dementias. A recent consensus statement renewed the importance and the role of high levels of homocysteine in cognitive decline in several forms of degenerative dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease. Although the molecular mechanisms by which homocysteine causes cell dysfunction are known, both the impact of homocysteine on specific cognitive functions and the relationship between homocysteine level and non-Alzheimer dementias have been poorly investigated. Most of the studies addressing the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on dementias have not examined the profile of performance across different cognitive domains, and have only relied on screening tests, which provide a very general and coarse-grained picture of the cognitive status of the patients. Yet, trying to understand whether hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the impairment of specific cognitive functions would be crucial, as it would be, in parallel, learning whether some brain circuits are particularly susceptible to the damage caused by hyperhomocysteinemia. These steps would allow one to (i) understand the actual role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and (ii) improve the diagnostic accuracy, differential diagnosis and prognostic implications. This review is aimed at exploring and revising the state of the art of these two strictly related domains. Suggestions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Luzzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Cherubini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Falsetti
- Internal and Subintensive Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Viticchi
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessio Toraldo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
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Yao S, Chen X, Zhou Y, Xu L, Zhang Q, Bao S, Feng H, Ge W. The association between altitude and serum folate levels in Tibetan adults on the Tibetan plateau. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17886. [PMID: 36284137 PMCID: PMC9596477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between residence altitude and serum folate levels in healthy Tibetans living on the Tibetan Plateau. Participants were selected from those who underwent physical examinations at our health center between November 2019 and February 2020. Demographic characteristics and medical histories were collected, and fasting blood was tested for serum folate and other hematological indicators. The relationship between altitude and serum folate levels was analyzed using a multivariable linear regression model. Serum folate levels were associated with altitude (β = - 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.71; - 0.16), hemoglobin (β = - 0.01; 95% CI - 0.03; - 0.00), red blood cells (β = - 0.72; 95% CI - 1.18; - 0.27), hematocrit (β = - 0.07; 95% CI - 0.12; - 0.02), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 2.67; 95% CI 1.35; 3.98), and sex (β = 0.68; 95% CI 0.12; 1.23). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that altitude was negatively associated with serum folate levels. After adjusting for confounding factors, serum folate levels decreased by 0.33 ng/mL per each 500-m increase in altitude (β = - 0.33; 95% CI - 0.6; - 0.05; P = 0.022). Altitude was negatively associated with serum folate levels in Tibetan adults. The relationship between altitude and folate levels should be further explored in populations of different races and disease states. Further large-scale prospective studies should illustrate the causality of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shimin Bao
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiru Feng
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihong Ge
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Targeted Mitochondrial Epigenetics: A New Direction in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179703. [PMID: 36077101 PMCID: PMC9456144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial epigenetic alterations are closely related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is described in this review. Reports of the alteration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation in AD demonstrate that the disruption of the dynamic balance of mtDNA methylation and demethylation leads to damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the obstruction of mitochondrial biogenesis, which is the most studied mitochondrial epigenetic change. Mitochondrial noncoding RNA modifications and the post-translational modification of mitochondrial nucleoproteins have been observed in neurodegenerative diseases and related diseases that increase the risk of AD. Although there are still relatively few mitochondrial noncoding RNA modifications and mitochondrial nuclear protein post-translational modifications reported in AD, we have reason to believe that these mitochondrial epigenetic modifications also play an important role in the AD process. This review provides a new research direction for the AD mechanism, starting from mitochondrial epigenetics. Further, this review summarizes therapeutic approaches to targeted mitochondrial epigenetics, which is the first systematic summary of therapeutic approaches in the field, including folic acid supplementation, mitochondrial-targeting antioxidants, and targeted ubiquitin-specific proteases, providing a reference for therapeutic targets for AD.
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Fu J, Liu Q, Zhu Y, Sun C, Duan H, Huang L, Zhou D, Wang Z, Zhao J, Li Z, Ma F, Li W, Liu H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang G, Du Y, Huang G. Circulating folate concentrations and the risk of mild cognitive impairment: a prospective study on the older Chinese population without folic acid fortification. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2913-2924. [PMID: 35735052 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longitudinal association between serum folate concentrations and the risk of cognitive impairment remains unclear in populations with low folate levels. We examined the association between serum folate concentrations and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults in China, where mandatory fortification of foods with folic acid was not implemented. We further explored if homocysteine (Hcy) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) mediate the association between serum folate and MCI. METHODS We performed a longitudinal analysis of 3974 participants aged ≥ 60 years from the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition (TENC) cohort study. The associations between serum folate level and the risk of cognitive impairment overall and stratified by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotypes were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. The mediating effects of Hcy and LTL on the folate-MCI association were explored via a path analysis approach. RESULTS Within a 3-year follow-up, we documented 560 incident MCI cases. After multivariable adjustment, higher serum folate concentrations were associated with lower incidence of MCI, with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) across quartiles of folate (from lowest to highest concentrations) of 1.00 (reference), 0.66 (0.52, 0.83), 0.57 (0.45, 0.73), 0.66 (0.52, 0.84), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). In mediation analyses, the status of serum folate deficiency and MCI were correlated via two intermediary pathways, Hcy and Hcy-telomere (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lower folate concentrations, independently of APOE genotype, were associated with increased risk of MCI among elderly Chinese people, a population with relatively low folate intake. Our data were compatible with the mediation hypothesis that the association between folate status and MCI was mediated by Hcy and LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Fu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Neurosurgical Department of Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huilian Duan
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Li HZ, Liu KG, Zeng NX, Wu XF, Lu WJ, Xu HF, Yan C, Wu LL. Luteolin Enhances Choroid Plexus 5-MTHF Brain Transport to Promote Hippocampal Neurogenesis in LOD Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826568. [PMID: 35401160 PMCID: PMC8993213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Folates, provided by food, are commonly used antidepressant synergists in late-onset depression (LOD). However, increased intake of folic acid in the elderly population might lead to the accumulation of unmetabolized folic acid in the systemic circulation, leading to enhanced deterioration of the central nervous system function. In addition, folates cannot access the brain directly because of the blood-brain barrier. Choroid plexus (CP) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) brain transport plays a critical role in regulating the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-MTHF content. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid that has antidepressant effects and is involved in the anti-folate resistance pathway. It remains unclear whether the antidepressant effects of luteolin are associated with the CP 5-MTHF brain transport. In this study, 20-21-month-old Wistar rats were exposed to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol for 6 consecutive weeks to explore the long-term effects of luteolin on behavior, 5-MTHF levels, hippocampal neurogenesis, and folate brain transport of the CP. In vitro primary hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in media containing 10% CSF from each group of rats and choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) cultured in media containing 20 μM luteolin were treated with 100 μM corticosterone and 40 mg/ml D-galactose. We found that aged rats exposed to CUMS showed a significantly reduced sucrose preference, decreased locomotion activity in the open field test and accuracy of the Morris water maze test, increased immobility time in the forced swimming test, accelerated dysfunctional neurogenesis and neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus of LOD rats, as well as decreased CSF and hippocampus 5-MTHF levels, and zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), and reduced folate carrier (RFC) protein levels. In vitro assays showed media containing 10% aged CSF or LOD+ Luteolin-CSF significantly increased the viability of CORT + D-gal-injured NSCs and alleviated dysfunctional neurogenesis and neuronal loss compared with the CORT + D-gal medium. However, media containing 10% LOD-CSF had no such effect. In the meantime, induction of CORT + D-gal significantly decreased the ZO-1, PCFT, RFC, and folate receptor alpha (FR-α) protein levels and transepithelial electrical resistance in rat CPECs. As expected, luteolin treatment was effective in improving these abnormal changes. These findings suggested that luteolin could ameliorate CUMS-induced LOD-like behaviors by enhancing the folate brain transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhen Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Ge Liu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning-Xi Zeng
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Lu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Fang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Ma J, Ma LY, Man F, Zhang G. Association of Homocysteine Levels With Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy Among Carriers and Non-carriers of APOE ε4 in MCI Subjects. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:823605. [PMID: 35492717 PMCID: PMC9039208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.823605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different clinical subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) involve heterogeneous underlying etiologies. This study investigated the association between demographics, neuropsychological performance, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in patients with MCI (amnestic [aMCI] and non-amnestic [naMCI]). Methods This case-control study included 130 aMCI patients, 58 naMCI patients, and 1,106 healthy controls (HCs). APOE genotypes, medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), neurological evaluation results, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were investigated. Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and plasma hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy) was assessed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method. Results Serum folate levels were significantly lower, but plasma Hcy levels were higher, in patients with aMCI and naMCI than in healthy controls. There were significantly higher MTA scores in the aMCI group than the healthy control group. Multiple linear regression showed that serum Hcy and folate concentrations were positively associated with MTA (p < 0.05), while APOE4 showed a significant negative association with MTA in the aMCI group (p < 0.01). In addition, moderate/severe WMH showed a significant negative association with MTA in the naMCI and HC groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion The combined presence of APOE4 and Hcy is associated with aMCI in elderly individuals, while moderate/severe WMH is related to naMCI, which suggests etiological differences across MCI subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Yun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - FengYuan Man
- Department of Radiology, PLA Rocket Army Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Influences of Vitamin B 12 Supplementation on Cognition and Homocysteine in Patients with Vitamin B 12 Deficiency and Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071494. [PMID: 35406106 PMCID: PMC9002374 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hippocampal atrophy. However, the recovery of cognition with vitamin B12 supplementation remains controversial. Of the 1716 patients who visited our outpatient clinic for dementia, 83 had vitamin B12 deficiency. Among these, 39 patients (mean age, 80.1 ± 8.2 years) had undergone Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and laboratory tests for vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), and folic acid levels. The hippocampal volume was estimated using the z-score of the MRI-voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease. This is multi-center, open-label, single-arm study. All the 39 patients were administered vitamin B12 and underwent reassessment to measure the retested for MMSE and Hcy after 21−133 days (median = 56 days, interquartile range (IQR) = 43−79 days). After vitamin B12 supplementation, the mean MMSE score improved significantly from 20.5 ± 6.4 to 22.9 ± 5.5 (p < 0.001). Hcy level decreased significantly from 22.9 ± 16.9 nmol/mL to 11.5 ± 3.9 nmol/mL (p < 0.001). Significant correlation was detected between the extent of change in MMSE scores and baseline Hcy values. The degree of MMSE score was not correlated with hippocampal atrophy assessed by the z-score. While several other factors should be considered, vitamin B12 supplementation resulted in improved cognitive function, at least in the short term, in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Lauer AA, Grimm HS, Apel B, Golobrodska N, Kruse L, Ratanski E, Schulten N, Schwarze L, Slawik T, Sperlich S, Vohla A, Grimm MOW. Mechanistic Link between Vitamin B12 and Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:129. [PMID: 35053277 PMCID: PMC8774227 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly population, affecting over 55 million people worldwide. Histopathological hallmarks of this multifactorial disease are an increased plaque burden and tangles in the brains of affected individuals. Several lines of evidence indicate that B12 hypovitaminosis is linked to AD. In this review, the biochemical pathways involved in AD that are affected by vitamin B12, focusing on APP processing, Aβ fibrillization, Aβ-induced oxidative damage as well as tau hyperphosphorylation and tau aggregation, are summarized. Besides the mechanistic link, an overview of clinical studies utilizing vitamin B supplementation are given, and a potential link between diseases and medication resulting in a reduced vitamin B12 level and AD are discussed. Besides the disease-mediated B12 hypovitaminosis, the reduction in vitamin B12 levels caused by an increasing change in dietary preferences has been gaining in relevance. In particular, vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, and therefore might have potential implications for AD. In conclusion, our review emphasizes the important role of vitamin B12 in AD, which is particularly important, as even in industrialized countries a large proportion of the population might not be sufficiently supplied with vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Birgit Apel
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Nataliya Golobrodska
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Lara Kruse
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Elina Ratanski
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Noemi Schulten
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Laura Schwarze
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Thomas Slawik
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Saskia Sperlich
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonia Vohla
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (H.S.G.)
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany; (B.A.); (N.G.); (L.K.); (E.R.); (N.S.); (L.S.); (T.S.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
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Lionaki E, Ploumi C, Tavernarakis N. One-Carbon Metabolism: Pulling the Strings behind Aging and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020214. [PMID: 35053330 PMCID: PMC8773781 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a network of biochemical reactions delivering one-carbon units to various biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and methionine cycle are the two key modules of this network that regulate purine and thymidine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and epigenetic mechanisms. Intersection with the transsulfuration pathway supports glutathione production and regulation of the cellular redox state. Dietary intake of micronutrients, such as folates and amino acids, directly contributes to OCM, thereby adapting the cellular metabolic state to environmental inputs. The contribution of OCM to cellular proliferation during development and in adult proliferative tissues is well established. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence reveals the pivotal role of OCM in cellular homeostasis of non-proliferative tissues and in coordination of signaling cascades that regulate energy homeostasis and longevity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on OCM and related pathways and discuss how this metabolic network may impact longevity and neurodegeneration across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Christina Ploumi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-391069
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Luzzi S, Papiri G, Viticchi G, Baldinelli S, Fiori C, Silvestrini M, Toraldo A. Association between homocysteine levels and cognitive profile in Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 94:250-256. [PMID: 34863447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) constitutes a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The impact of HHcy on cognitive functions has mainly been investigated using screening neuropsychological tests that provide general, unspecific measures of cognitive level. Since an association between HHcy and temporo-mesial atrophy has been documented, we predicted that a fine-grained analysis of neuropsychological performance should show stronger Hcy effects on memory scores than on other cognitive scores. OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of Hcy level on cognitive profile evaluated with specific, sensitive neuropsychological tests in a wide AD cohort. METHODS 323 patients with AD were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and underwent a neuropsychological examination exploring several cognitive domains (memory, language, visuoperception, visuospatial abilities, executive function, constructional praxis, ideomotor praxis). The effects of Hcy levels and other risk factors (including cholesterol, smoking habits, triglycerides, apoEε4 allele) were analysed. RESULTS Generalized Linear Model detected a significant drop in performance with increasing Hcy in 6/19 measures of cognitive functions, namely, in memory performance tasks as well as in Luria's motor planning test, with effect sizes ranging 1.4%-2.8% (Eta-squared), partialling out effects of other predictors. CONCLUSIONS HHcy was associated with poor performance in short and long-term spatial and verbal memory more than with other cognitive dysfunctions. These results support the hypothesis that medial temporal networks might be vulnerable to HHcy, consistently with data from neuroimaging studies suggesting a link in AD between temporal atrophy and HHcy; the effect on Luria's motor planning task suggests further involvement of frontal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Luzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy.
| | - Giulio Papiri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Giovanna Viticchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Sara Baldinelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Alessio Toraldo
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy; Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Italy
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Liu XX, Wu PF, Liu YZ, Jiang YL, Wan MD, Xiao XW, Yang QJ, Jiao B, Liao XX, Wang JL, Liu SH, Zhang X, Shen L. Association Between Serum Vitamins and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Chinese Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:829-836. [PMID: 34864672 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and fatal neurodegenerative disease; accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin deficiency is associated with the risk of AD. However, studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between vitamins and AD varied widely. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin levels and AD in a cohort of the Chinese population. METHODS A total of 368 AD patients and 574 healthy controls were recruited in this study; serum vitamin A, B1, B6, B9, B12, C, D, and E were measured in all participants. RESULTS Compared with the controls, vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E were significantly reduced in AD patients. Lower levels of vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E were associated with the risk of AD. After adjusting for age and gender, low levels of vitamin B2, B9, and B12 were still related to the risk of AD. In addition, a negative correlation was determined between vitamin E concentration and Activity of Daily Living Scale score while no significant association was found between serum vitamins and age at onset, disease duration, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire score. CONCLUSION We conclude that lower vitamin B2, B9, B12, D, and E might be associated with the risk of AD, especially vitamin B2, B9, and B12. And lower vitamin E might be related to severe ability impairment of daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying-Zi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Ling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei-Dan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Wen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liao
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao-Hui Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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21
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Allison J, Kaliszewska A, Uceda S, Reiriz M, Arias N. Targeting DNA Methylation in the Adult Brain through Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113979. [PMID: 34836233 PMCID: PMC8618930 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and nutrition have a significant role in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, which can influence gene expression. Recently, it has been suggested that bioactive nutrients and gut microbiota can alter DNA methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut-brain axis, playing a crucial role in modulating CNS functions and, finally, behavior. Here, we will focus on the effect of metabolic signals in shaping brain DNA methylation during adulthood. We will provide an overview of potential interactions among diet, gastrointestinal microbiome and epigenetic alterations on brain methylation and behavior. In addition, the impact of different diet challenges on cytosine methylation dynamics in the adult brain will be discussed. Finally, we will explore new ways to modulate DNA hydroxymethylation, which is particularly abundant in neural tissue, through diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Allison
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kaliszewska
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Sara Uceda
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuel Reiriz
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
| | - Natalia Arias
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-452-1101
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22
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Association between preoperative serum homocysteine and delayed neurocognitive recovery after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients: a prospective observational study. Perioper Med (Lond) 2021; 10:37. [PMID: 34743734 PMCID: PMC8574052 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-021-00208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 involved in 1-carbon metabolism are associated with cognitive disorders. We sought to investigate the relationships between these factors and delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) after non-cardiac surgery. METHODS This was a prospective observational study of patients (n = 175) who were ≥ 60 years of age undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and for 1 week postoperatively by using neuropsychological tests and were divided into dNCR or non-dNCR groups according to a Z-score ≤ - 1.96 on at least two of the tests. The relationship between the occurrence of dNCR and preoperative levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 was analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with dNCR. RESULTS Delayed neurocognitive recovery was observed in 36 of 175 patients (20.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.5-26.6%) 1 week postoperatively. Patients who developed dNCR had significantly higher median [interquartile range (IQR)] homocysteine concentrations (12.8 [10.9,14.4] μmol/L vs 10.6 [8.6,14.7] μmol/L; P = 0.02) and lower folate concentrations (5.3 [4.2,7.3] ng/mL vs 6.9 [5.3,9.5] ng/mL; P = 0.01) than those without dNCR. Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest homocysteine tertile predicted dNCR onset (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% CI, 1. 3 to 11.6; P = 0.02), even after adjusting for age, sex, education, and baseline Mini Mental State Examination. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with high homocysteine levels who underwent general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery have an increased risk of dNCR. This knowledge could potentially assist in the development of preventative and/or therapeutic measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03084393 ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ).
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23
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Rai SN, Singh P, Steinbusch HW, Vamanu E, Ashraf G, Singh MP. The Role of Vitamins in Neurodegenerative Disease: An Update. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1284. [PMID: 34680401 PMCID: PMC8533313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquiring the recommended daily allowance of vitamins is crucial for maintaining homeostatic balance in humans and other animals. A deficiency in or dysregulation of vitamins adversely affects the neuronal metabolism, which may lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we discuss how novel vitamin-based approaches aid in attenuating abnormal neuronal functioning in neurodegeneration-based brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Prion disease. Vitamins show their therapeutic activity in Parkinson's disease by antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, different water- and lipid-soluble vitamins have also prevented amyloid beta and tau pathology. On the other hand, some results also show no correlation between vitamin action and the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Some vitamins also exhibit toxic activity too. This review discusses both the beneficial and null effects of vitamin supplementation for neurological disorders. The detailed mechanism of action of both water- and lipid-soluble vitamins is addressed in the manuscript. Hormesis is also an essential factor that is very helpful to determine the effective dose of vitamins. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were employed to conduct the literature search of original articles, review articles, and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India;
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Harry W.M. Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti blvd, 1 District, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ghulam Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohan Prasad Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India;
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24
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Puga AM, Ruperto M, Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Montero-Bravo A, Partearroyo T, Varela-Moreiras G. Effects of Supplementation with Folic Acid and Its Combinations with Other Nutrients on Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:2966. [PMID: 34578844 PMCID: PMC8470370 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease, among other cognitive dysfunctions, has been recognized as a major public health problem. Folic acid is a well-known essential nutrient whose deficiency has been linked to neurocognitive dysfunctions, owing to hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, including cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and vascular dementia. However, to date, there is certain controversy about the efficacy of vitamin supplementation in patients with these pathologies. Therefore, we have reviewed the available dietary intervention studies based on folic acid, either alone or in combination with different vitamins or nutrients into the progression of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive impairment, highlighting the cognition and biochemical markers employed for the evaluation of the disease progression. Undeniably, the compiled information supports the potential benefits of vitamin supplementation in these pathologies, especially relevant to the aging process and quality of life, although more research is urgently needed to confirm these positive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Puga
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.); (M.R.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (A.M.-B.); (T.P.)
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, ref: E02/0720, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Ruperto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.); (M.R.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (A.M.-B.); (T.P.)
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, ref: E02/0720, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.); (M.R.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (A.M.-B.); (T.P.)
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, ref: E02/0720, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.); (M.R.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (A.M.-B.); (T.P.)
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, ref: E02/0720, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.); (M.R.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (A.M.-B.); (T.P.)
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, ref: E02/0720, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.); (M.R.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (A.M.-B.); (T.P.)
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, ref: E02/0720, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Murdaca G, Banchero S, Tonacci A, Nencioni A, Monacelli F, Gangemi S. Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer's Disease: A Machine Learning Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060940. [PMID: 34073931 PMCID: PMC8225187 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) and micronutrients, including folic acid, are able to modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Low VD and folic acid levels appear to promote cognitive decline as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A machine learning approach was applied to analyze the impact of various compounds, drawn from the blood of AD patients, including VD and folic acid levels, on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) in a cohort of 108 patients with AD. The first analysis was aimed at predicting the MMSE at recruitment, whereas a second investigation sought to predict the MMSE after a 4 year follow-up. The simultaneous presence of low levels of VD and folic acid allow to predict MMSE, suggestive of poorer cognitive function. Such results suggest that the low levels of VD and folic acid could be associated with more severe cases of cognitive impairment in AD. It could be hypothesized that simultaneous supplementation of VD and folic acid could slow down the progression of cerebral degeneration at least in a subset of AD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.M.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Banchero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.M.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3152175
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.M.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.M.); (S.B.); (A.N.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Leão LL, Felício LFF, Engedal K, Tangen GG, Kristiansen KM, Santos SHS, de Paula AMB, Monteiro-Junior RS. The Link between Exercise and Homocysteine in the Alzheimer's Disease: A Bioinformatic Network Model. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:814-821. [PMID: 34852739 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210706122618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated peripheral expression of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, diabetes, and cancer. It is also associated with cognitive impairment as it has been reported that high levels of Hcy cause cognitive dysfunction and memory deficit. Among several etiological factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Hcy seems to directly contribute to the generation of neurotoxicity factors. This study aims to hypothesize the molecular mechanism by which exercise can reduce the risk of neurological complications promoted by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), and discuss how exercise could reduce the risk of developing AD by using bioinformatics network models. According to the genes network, there are connections between proteins and amino acids associated with Hcy, exercise, and AD. Studies have evidenced that exercise may be one of several processes by which acid nitric availability can be maximized in the human body, which is particularly important in reducing cell loss and tau pathology and, thereby, leading to a reduced risk of complications associated with HHcy and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lemos Leão
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Gro Gujord Tangen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Kari Midtbø Kristiansen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
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