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Kirichuk AA, Skalny AV, Schaumlöffel D, Kovaleva IA, Korobeinikova TV, Kritchenkov AS, Aschner M, Mansouri B, Skalny AA, Tinkov AA. Assessment of trace element and mineral levels in students from Turkmenistan in comparison to Iran and Russia. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127439. [PMID: 38579500 PMCID: PMC11167282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
THE OBJECTIVE Of the present study was to assess essential trace element and mineral levels in serum, hair, and urine of healthy first-year students from Turkmenistan (n = 73) in comparison to students from Iran (n = 78) or Russia (n = 95). MATERIALS AND METHODS Examination of foreign students was performed within two days after arrival to Russia during medical examination prior admission to RUDN University. Serum, hair, and urine trace element and mineral levels were assessed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS The data demonstrate that the levels of trace elements and minerals in students from Turkmenistan share high similarity to elemental profiles of students from Iran. In comparison to students from Russia, subjects originating from Iran and Turkmenistan are characterized by lower serum cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn) levels, higher urinary Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, and Zn, lower urinary Co and hair Mo, Se, and Zn content. Concomitantly, students from Turkmenistan were characterized by lower urinary Cr and Cu, serum Cu and V levels, higher circulating Zn concentration, as well as the lower hair Cr, Cu, iodine (I) and magnesium (Mg) content in comparison to Iranian subjects. The discriminant analysis demonstrated that hair, serum, and urinary trace element and mineral levels contributed to complete discrimination between the groups of students from different countries. CONCLUSIONS The high similarity of trace element and mineral status of students from Turkmenistan and Iran is expected to be mediated by similar geochemical conditions in the bordering countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Kirichuk
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Dirk Schaumlöffel
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Pau 64000, France
| | - Irina A Kovaleva
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Andrey S Kritchenkov
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Andrey A Skalny
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia.
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Alvarez-Bustamante JA, Muñoz AM. Modeling Zinc Absorption in the Adult Population of Colombia: Insights for Nutritional Evaluation and Intervention Strategies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04180-x. [PMID: 38739259 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Zinc is a vital trace element, yet its deficiency is common in various populations. This study addresses the gap in understanding zinc intake and its relationship with key nutritional parameters in a Colombian population. We analyzed data from 12,987 individuals, focusing on the daily intake of zinc, phytate, protein, and calcium, and used the phytate/zinc molar ratio as an input parameter in the Miller et al. (2013) model. This model was employed to estimate the total absorbed zinc (TAZ) and the fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ). Our findings highlight a general trend towards insufficient intake compared to the standards of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Colombia, with a significant percentage of the population falling below the estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended daily allowance (RDA) for zinc, underscoring the need for targeted nutritional strategies. Our study contributes to a broader understanding of zinc nutrition and public health implications in Colombia, providing a basis for future dietary guidelines and health interventions.
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Rizwan M, Cheng K, Gang Y, Hou Y, Wang C. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Zinc on Viral Infection. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04139-y. [PMID: 38451442 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Several nutrients are crucial in enhancing the immune system and preserving the structural integrity of bodily tissue barriers. Vitamin D (VD) and zinc (Zn) have received considerable interest due to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to enhance the body's immune defenses. Due to their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory properties, the two nutritional powerhouses VD and Zn are crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. As observed with COVID-19, deficiencies in these micronutrients impair immune responses, increasing susceptibility to viral infections and severe disease. Ensuring an adequate intake of VD and Zn emerges as a promising strategy for fortifying the immune system. Ongoing clinical trials are actively investigating their potential therapeutic advantages. Beyond the immediate context of the pandemic, these micronutrients offer valuable tools for enhancing immunity and overall well-being, especially in the face of future viral threats. This analysis emphasizes the enduring significance of VD and Zn as both treatment and preventive measures against potential viral challenges beyond the current health crisis. The overview delves into the immunomodulatory potential of VD and Zn in combating viral infections, with particular attention to their effects on animals. It provides a comprehensive summary of current research findings regarding their individual and synergistic impacts on immune function, underlining their potential in treating and preventing viral infections. Overall, this overview underscores the need for further research to understand how VD and Zn can modulate the immune response in combatting viral diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Gang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuntao Hou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Lee JY, Kim CI, Lee SH. Assessment of zinc, manganese, copper, and magnesium intake levels in Koreans using the Korean Total Diet Study. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:945-954. [PMID: 38371695 PMCID: PMC10866824 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated zinc, manganese, copper, and magnesium intake levels in Koreans using the Korean Total Diet Study, targeting 92-93% of the Korean diet. Representative foods were collected from 9 cities, resulting in 1344-1368 samples. Results showed adequate intake for most minerals, but high proportions of adults and adolescents didn't meet recommended levels. Infants had high levels of zinc and manganese intake, posing possible health concerns. This is the first comprehensive assessment of these nutrients in Korea and is significant for considering all age groups, including infants, by analyzing nutrient content for table-ready (cooked) samples of foods. It is hoped that the Korean Total Diet Survey will be expanded to assess a wider range of nutrients for better nutrient intake assessment in Korea. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01394-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yeon Lee
- Center for Health Industry Policy, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro 187, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-il Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Lee
- Department of Medical Record and Health Information Management, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehak-ro 56, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32588 Republic of Korea
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Teymoori F, Akbarzadeh M, Farhadnejad H, Riahi P, Mokhtari E, Ahmadirad H, Zahedi AS, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Zarkesh M, Daneshpour MS, Mirmiran P, Vafa M. Familial resemblance and family-based heritability of nutrients intake in Iranian population: Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1789. [PMID: 37710227 PMCID: PMC10500786 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the familial resemblance of dietary intakes, including energy and nutrients, and the family-based heritability of dietary intake in different age-sex dyads of the Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 9,798 participants, aged ≥ 18 years, with complete data in each of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth surveys of the Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic study, who were eligible to enter the current study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nutrient intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). FCOR command of the S.A.G.E. software was used to estimate the intra-class correlation coefficients of all relative pairs to verify the family resemblance of dietary nutrient intakes. Classical likelihood-based is used to assess the family-based heritability of dietary nutrient traits. RESULTS There were 4338 families with a mean family size of 3.20 ± 2.89, including 1 to 32 members (2567 constituent pedigrees and 1572 singletons) and 3627 sibships. The mean ± SD age of participants was 42.0 ± 15.2 years, and 44.5% were males. The heritability of nutrient intake ranged from 3 to 21%. The resemblance degree of energy intake and most nutrients between spouses or between parents and children is weak to moderate; however, a high resemblance of intake was observed for some food components, especially among spouses, including trans fatty acids (TFAs) (r:0.70), chromium (r:0.44), fiber(r:0.35), pantothenic acid (r:0.31), and vitamin C(r:0.31). Based on our findings, the resemblance of nutrient intake in spouses was greater than in parent-offspring. The similarity in parent-offspring nutrient intake was different, and the correlation in mother-girls nutrient intakes was greater than other parent-child correlations. Also, the lowest resemblance in nutrient intake was observed among siblings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested a weak-to-moderate similarity between the nutrient intakes of parents and offspring. The resemblance degree in nutrient intake varied between different family pairs; the strongest correlation of nutrients was observed between spouses, which includes TFAs, chromium, fiber, pantothenic acid, and vitamin C. The lowest correlation of nutrients was between siblings, such as carbohydrates, thiamine, niacin, and vitamin K. An individual's nutrient intake can somewhat be influenced by genetics, family relationships, and the effects of parents, although the significant influence of environmental factors should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Riahi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Heghedűș-Mîndru G, Negrea P, Trașcă TI, Ștef DS, Cocan I, Heghedűș-Mîndru RC. Food Intake of Macro and Trace Elements from Different Fresh Vegetables Taken from Timisoara Market, Romania-Chemometric Analysis of the Results. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040749. [PMID: 36832823 PMCID: PMC9955908 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable consumption is recommended and encouraged by all nutritionists and doctors across the planet. However, in addition to minerals which are beneficial to the body, certain minerals with a negative influence on human health can sneak in. It is very important that in the case of some minerals their content in vegetables is known, so that the recommended limits are not exceeded. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macro elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Zn, Co) in 24 samples of vegetables from four botanical families (Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae and Amaryllidaceae), purchased from the market in Timișoara, Romania, both imported products as well as local products. The atomic-absorption-spectrometry technique (FAAS) was used to evaluate the macro elements and trace elements. The values obtained for the macro elements and trace elements were used as input data for the analysis of multivariate data, the principal component analysis (PCA) in which the vegetable samples were grouped according to their contribution of certain mineral elements, as well as according to some of the botanical families to which they belong. At the same time, based on the values obtained for trace elements, an assessment of the risk to human health in terms of consumption of the vegetables studied was carried out. The risk assessment for human health was determined on the basis of the estimated daily dose (EDI), the values of the target hazard coefficient (THQ), the values of the total target hazard coefficient (TTHQ) and the carcinogenic risk (CR). Following the determination of THQ, the values obtained followed the order THQWith > THQCd > THQPb > THQCo > THQMn > THQZn > THQFe. The results on the content of macro elements and trace elements, as well as the assessment of the risk to human health when consuming the assessed vegetables, were within the limits of European Union (EU) and World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO)legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Heghedűș-Mîndru
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Petru Negrea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei, RO, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Teodor Ioan Trașcă
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ducu Sandu Ștef
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ileana Cocan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ramona Cristina Heghedűș-Mîndru
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Jeddi M, Habib A, Salehi A. Sustained Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Within the Third Decade After Compulsory Iodine Supplementation Policy in the South of Iran: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100013. [PMID: 37181119 PMCID: PMC10100933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently, some studies in Iran have shown mild to moderate iodine concentrations in adult and pregnant women populations despite iodine sufficiency in children. This study aimed to evaluate the urine iodine status and salt intake among adult households in the city of Sadra, Fars province in southern Iran, and to assess its possible influencing factors. Method Participant households for this cross-sectional study were selected using randomized cluster sampling in the city of Sadra, Fars province, southern Iran from 1 February, 2021 to 30 November, 2021. Two subjects >18 y of age from each household were invited. Ninety-two subjects (24 men, 68 women) were enrolled. The participants were asked to collect their 24 h urine. They were then examined for thyroid disorders and subjected to thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests. Urine samples were tested for iodine, sodium, and creatinine concentrations. Household salt intake was also estimated. Results Median urine iodine content (UIC) in the participants was 175 (IQR: 117, 250) μg/L, whereas the median salt consumption per person per day was 9.6 (IQR, 7.3-14.5) g. Sex, methods of salt storage, presence of goiter or thyroid nodules, the addition of salt in the cooking stage, and subclinical hypothyroidism had no effect on UIC, whereas individuals with hypertension and lower education had significantly lower iodine concentrations. UIC had a significant positive correlation with urine sodium and thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) concentrations (P < 0.001, 0.046) and a negative correlation with thyroid volume and T4 (P = 0.029, 0.018). Conclusion Iodine status in the adult population of Sadra city was categorized as sufficient, although the iodine concentrations reported in Tehran were insufficient. The contributing factor can be higher salt consumption or possible higher environmental iodine concentrations in Sadra city than Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Jeddi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Habib
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Salehi
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Single and Combined Associations of Plasma and Urine Essential Trace Elements (Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn) with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101991. [PMID: 36290714 PMCID: PMC9598127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements are micronutrients that are required in very small quantities through diet but are crucial for the prevention of acute and chronic diseases. Despite the fact that initial studies demonstrated inverse associations between some of the most important essential trace elements (Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn) and cardiovascular disease, several recent studies have reported a direct association with cardiovascular risk factors due to the fact that these elements can act as both antioxidants and pro-oxidants, depending on several factors. This study aims to investigate the association between plasma and urine concentrations of trace elements and cardiovascular risk factors in a general population from the Mediterranean region, including 484 men and women aged 18−80 years and considering trace elements individually and as joint exposure. Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn were determined in plasma and urine using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Single and combined analysis of trace elements with plasma lipid, blood pressure, diabetes, and anthropometric variables was undertaken. Principal component analysis, quantile-based g-computation, and calculation of trace element risk scores (TERS) were used for the combined analyses. Models were adjusted for covariates. In single trace element models, we found statistically significant associations between plasma Se and increased total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure; plasma Cu and increased triglycerides and body mass index; and urine Zn and increased glucose. Moreover, in the joint exposure analysis using quantile g-computation and TERS, the combined plasma levels of Zn, Cu, Se (directly), and Mn (inversely) were strongly associated with hypercholesterolemia (OR: 2.03; 95%CI: 1.37−2.99; p < 0.001 per quartile increase in the g-computation approach). The analysis of urine mixtures revealed a significant relationship with both fasting glucose and diabetes (OR: 1.91; 95%CI: 1.01−3.04; p = 0.046). In conclusion, in this Mediterranean population, the combined effect of higher plasma trace element levels (primarily Se, Cu, and Zn) was directly associated with elevated plasma lipids, whereas the mixture effect in urine was primarily associated with plasma glucose. Both parameters are relevant cardiovascular risk factors, and increased trace element exposures should be considered with caution.
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Rubio-Aliaga I, Krapf R. Phosphate intake, hyperphosphatemia, and kidney function. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:935-947. [PMID: 35511366 PMCID: PMC9338892 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate is essential in living organisms and its blood levels are regulated by a complex network involving the kidneys, intestine, parathyroid glands, and the skeleton. The crosstalk between these organs is executed primarily by three hormones, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Largely due to a higher intake of ultraprocessed foods, dietary phosphate intake has increased in the last decades. The average intake is now about twice the recommended dietary allowance. Studies investigating the side effect of chronic high dietary phosphate intake suffer from incomplete dietary phosphate assessment and, therefore, often make data interpretation difficult. Renal excretion is quickly adapted to acute and chronic phosphate intake. However, at the high ends of dietary intake, renal adaptation, even in pre-existing normal kidney function, apparently is not perfect. Experimental intervention studies suggest that chronic excess of dietary phosphate can result in sustained higher blood phosphate leading to hyperphosphatemia. Evidence exists that the price of the homeostatic response (phosphaturia in response to phosphate loading/hyperphosphatemia) is an increased risk for declining kidney function, partly due by intraluminal/tubular calcium phosphate particles that provoke renal inflammation. High dietary phosphate intake and hyperphosphatemia are progression factors for declining kidney function and are associated with higher cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. This is best established for pre-existing chronic kidney disease, but epidemiological and experimental data strongly suggest that this holds true for subjects with normal renal function as well. Here, we review the latest advances in phosphate intake and kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
- Institute of Physiology, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Reto Krapf
- Synlab Suisse, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhou CN, Li M, Xiao R, Zhao FJ, Zhang FS. Significant Nutritional Gaps in Tibetan Adults Living in Agricultural Counties Along Yarlung Zangbo River. Front Nutr 2022; 9:845026. [PMID: 35464003 PMCID: PMC9024302 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.845026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intake and nutritional assessing data from a representative sample of adult population living in an agricultural zone on Tibet Plateau are still lacking nowadays. This study aimed to assess the daily dietary intakes and respective food sources in 552 local residents (≥ 18 years old, 277 men and 275 women) living in 14 agricultural counties along the Yarlung Zangbo River on Tibet Plateau. Methods Food consumption data were collected using a validated cultural-specific food frequency questionnaire that contained all local Tibetan foods and analyzed with three fixed factors: gender, age, and region. Nutrient intakes were calculated using Chinese food composition tables. Nutritional gaps and the percentages of participants who had inadequate and excessive nutrient intakes were calculated by estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point methods. Results Compared with the dietary reference intakes, 68.4% of nutrient intakes were inadequate. Fiber, Ca, I, Zn, Se, and vitamin (Va, Vc, and folic acid) intakes appeared to be particularly deficient. The dietary energy intake was 7838.8 ± 537.1 KJ/d, with 78 and 84% of EAR values for men and women, respectively. The dietary intakes of most nutrients were below the estimated energy requirement/EAR or adequate intake values, while more than 70% of the participants had excessive intake of carbohydrate, especially the elderly (aged ≥ 51 years). The nutritional gap of Cu was more than 300%. Almost 100% of the participants was vulnerable to fiber, Se, and Va shortfalls due to the deficiency in sole food sources. The top five food sources of Se intake were highland barley (34.2%), meat (13%), rice (12.4%), eggs (12.2%), and cultural-specific beverages (7.8%). Eggs (42.1%), tubers (62.2%), vegetables (66.4%), and highland barley (49.7%) were the first contributors of Va, Ve, Vc, and folic acid, respectively. Conclusion The dietary intake of a large sample of Tibetan adult population living in agricultural counties of Tibetan Autonomous Region is alarmingly insufficient. Gender inequality is common, and regional difference is widespread due to rapid urbanization. Young Tibetan adults aged 18–30 years are particularly vulnerable to micronutrient shortfalls and currently facing the risk of nutrition-insecurity-related dietary inadequacy. The respondents who belong to the elderly category (≥51 years of age) are facing the risk of “double burden of malnutrition” characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies and overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-ni Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Vegetation Ecological Security in Tibet, Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Mo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang-jie Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-suo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fu-suo Zhang,
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11
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Risk assessment of potentially toxic trace elements via consumption of dairy products sold in the city of Yerevan, Armenia. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112922. [PMID: 35304181 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) Pb, Cd, Hg, Mo, and Cu in dairy products sold in Yerevan's markets and to assess the related exposure and possible health risks among the adult population residing in the capital city of Armenia, Yerevan. The PTEs contents were determined in widely consumed dairy products (pasteurized milk, sour cream, matsoun and cheese from cow milk) using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. PTE contents were in the range of 7.90E-04 (Pb in pasteurized milk) to 6.75E-01 (Cu in cheese) mg/kg. Food consumption was assessed by the 24-h dietary recall method. The PTE daily intakes and margin of exposure (MOE) were calculated by the deterministic approach. The results indicated potential health concerns for the contribution of dairy products to the overall dietary intake of Pb and Cd. MOEs of Pb and Cd (8.71 and 8.80, respectively) estimated for high consumers of cheese (90 g/day and more) were lower than 10. The pilot data set provides the first comprehensive appraisal on the dairy products contamination by PTEs in the Caucasus region. The results point out further attention to sources of Pb and Cd in Armenian dairy products, including environment and farm characteristics.
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12
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Li J, Cao D, Huang Y, Chen B, Chen Z, Wang R, Dong Q, Wei Q, Liu L. Zinc Intakes and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:798078. [PMID: 35211497 PMCID: PMC8861317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.798078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the zinc element is crucial in human beings. Zinc has gained more attention during the COVID-19 pandemic due to its utilization for the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections. However, some studies also pointed out that zinc intake might cause unwanted side effects and even be dangerous when overdosed. To reveal the relationship between zinc intake and health outcomes, we performed an umbrella review from human studies. In total, the umbrella review included 43 articles and identified 11 outcomes for dietary zinc intake and 86 outcomes for supplementary zinc intake. Dietary zinc intake in the highest dose would decrease the risk of overall and specific digestive tract cancers, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults. Supplementary zinc consumption in adults was linked to an improvement of depression, antioxidant capacity and sperm quality, higher serum zinc concentration, and lower concentration of inflammatory markers. Zinc supplementation in children would reduce the incidence of diarrhea and pneumonia, improve zinc deficiency and boost growth. However, zinc might not decrease all-cause mortality in adults or the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19. And better maternal and neonatal outcomes may not derive from pregnant women who consumed higher or lower doses of zinc supplementation (>20 mg/day and <20 mg/day, respectively). Dose-response analyses revealed that a daily 5 mg increment of zinc would lower the risk of colorectal and esophageal cancer, whereas a large dose of zinc supplementation (daily 100 mg) showed no benefit in reducing prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wei
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liangren Liu
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13
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Dietary Exposure of the Japanese General Population to Elements: Total Diet Study 2013–2018. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2022; 10:83-101. [PMID: 36237396 PMCID: PMC9509537 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.d-22-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some countries have conducted a total diet study (TDS) focused on the estimation of
specific trace elements. Although some results of a Japanese TDS examining trace elements
were published, there have been no reports of a nationwide TDS across Japan over a
multi-year period to estimate the level of exposure to multiple elements. In the present
study, a TDS using a market basket approach was performed to estimate the dietary exposure
levels of the general population of Japan to 15 elements, including aluminum (Al), total
arsenic (tAs), boron (B), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), total
mercury (THg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), tin
(Sn), and uranium (U). Samples prepared in eight regions across Japan over a 6-year period
were analyzed using validated methods. The robust mean exposure estimates for Al, tAs, B,
Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, THg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and U were 48, 4.2, 29, 8.6, 0.35, 0.17,
0.49, 0.14, 4.2, 2.8, 0.15, 0.022, 1.8, 0.10, and 0.021 μg/kg body weight/day,
respectively. Although the variability in exposure estimates varied greatly from element
to element, the relative standard deviations calculated from the robust means and robust
standard deviations were ≤ 50% for all elements except Sn. Compared against the
health-based guidance values, none of the robust and precise estimates obtained for the
target elements would be associated with urgent health risk concern. In addition, the
estimated exposure levels were generally in agreement with previously reported estimates,
indicating that health risks associated with exposure to these elements have not changed
markedly nationwide in Japan in recent years.
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14
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Determination of proximate composition, selected essential and heavy metals in sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) from the Ethiopian markets and assessment of the associated health risks. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1806-1812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Al-Jawaldeh A, Taktouk M, Chatila A, Naalbandian S, Al-Thani AAM, Alkhalaf MM, Almamary S, Barham R, Baqadir NM, Binsunaid FF, Fouad G, Nasreddine L. Salt Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Evaluation of Progress towards the 2025 Global Target: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:2676. [PMID: 34444836 PMCID: PMC8399509 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at identifying national salt reduction initiatives in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and describing their progress towards the global salt reduction target. A systematic review of published and grey literature was conducted. Key characteristics of strategies were extracted and classified according to a pre-defined framework: salt intake assessments; leadership and strategic approach; implementation strategies; monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Salt intake levels were estimated in 15 out of the 22 countries (68%), while national salt reduction initiatives were identified in 13 (59%). The majority of countries were found to implement multifaceted reduction interventions, characterized by a combination of two or more implementation strategies. The least common implementation strategy was taxation, while the most common was reformulation (100%), followed by consumer education (77%), initiatives in specific settings (54%), and front of pack labelling (46%). Monitoring activities were conducted by few countries (27%), while impact evaluations were lacking. Despite the ongoing salt reduction efforts in several countries of the region, more action is needed to initiate reduction programs in countries that are lagging behind, and to ensure rigorous implementation and evaluations of ongoing programs. Such efforts are vital for the achievement of the targeted 30% reduction in salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), World Health Organization (WHO), Cairo 11435, Egypt;
| | - Mandy Taktouk
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Aya Chatila
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Sally Naalbandian
- Science and Agriculture Library, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | | | - Majid M. Alkhalaf
- National Nutrition Committee, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13312-6288, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.M.B.)
| | | | - Rawhieh Barham
- Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health, Amman 11118, Jordan;
| | - Nimah M. Baqadir
- National Nutrition Committee, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13312-6288, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Faisal F. Binsunaid
- Healthy Food Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13312-6288, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gihan Fouad
- National Nutrition Institute, Cairo 11435, Egypt;
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.T.); (A.C.)
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16
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González N, Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Temporal trend of the dietary exposure to metals/metalloids: A case study in Tarragona County, Spain. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110469. [PMID: 34399467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, samples of various food groups were randomly purchased in different establishments of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). The levels of As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl and V were determined in the analyzed foodstuffs and their dietary intakes were estimated. Manganese was the element showing the highest concentration, while Be, Cr and Tl were not detected in any of the samples. Fish and shellfish was the only food group with detectable traces of all the remaining elements. The current levels were compared with the results of two previous surveys conducted in 1998 and 2013 in the same area. Although the levels of the analyzed elements in foodstuffs increased during the period 2013-2018, their intakes decreased by an average of 60%, due to consumption patterns changes by the population. Children and adolescents exceeded the maximum recommended intake of Ni set by the EFSA, while the dietary exposure to Pb for children was also above safety values. Compared with the concentrations found in 2013, Ni was the only element showing an increase, as well as an increase of human dietary intake. Meat, vegetables and milk were identified as the main contributors to Ni exposure. This trend was also correlated with changes in the biological burden of the same elements previously reported for the population of the area, for whom an increase of Ni in lungs was reported. Based on these results, Ni should be included as a target metal by food safety authorities, being suggested its inclusion in future Total Diet Studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus González
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Bielecka J, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Nowakowski P, Puścion-Jakubik A, Grabia M, Mielech A, Soroczyńska J, Socha K. Identifying the Food Sources of Selected Minerals for the Adult European Population among Rice and Rice Products. Foods 2021; 10:1251. [PMID: 34072881 PMCID: PMC8226702 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of dietary deficiency of several essential elements among different stages of life is still observed. The consumption of whole grains (among others unprocessed rice) is recommended as a part of a healthy diet. This research aimed to determine the content of selected macro- and microelements in rice and rice products to verify whether the tested products could be regarded as a source of selected minerals in the diet of the adult European population. METHODS A total of 99 samples from 12 groups of rice products (basmati, black, brown, parboiled, red, wild, white rice and expanded rice, rice flakes, flour, pasta, and waffles) were obtained. The atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS) was used to determine the content of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se and Zn in the study material. RESULTS The average measured contents of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se and Zn were as follows: 226.3 ± 160.6 mg/kg, 3.6 ± 2.8 mg/kg, 9.4 ± 7.0 mg/kg, 618.0 ± 498.4 mg/kg, 16.7 ± 10.0 mg/kg, 242.9 ± 140.4 µg/kg and 19.5 ± 15.0 mg/kg, respectively. Statistical analyses confirmed the differences in the levels of the studied elements between the subgroups of processed and unprocessed products. Considering the tolerable upper intake level of studied elements, the tested products could be regarded as safe to consume. CONCLUSION All tested products can be recommended as a source of Cu, Mn, and Se, while a majority of studied products can be considered a source of Mg and Zn in the diet of the adult European population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.B.); (P.N.); (A.P.-J.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (J.S.); (K.S.)
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