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Muli S, Schnermann ME, Merdas M, Rattner J, Achaintre D, Perrar I, Goerdten J, Alexy U, Scalbert A, Schmid M, Floegel A, Keski-Rahkonen P, Oluwagbemigun K, Nöthlings U. Metabolomics signatures of sweetened beverages and added sugar are related to anthropometric measures of adiposity in young individuals: results from a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00644-0. [PMID: 39059709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of sweetened beverages (SBs) and added sugar (AS) intake with adiposity are still debated. Metabolomics could provide insights into the mechanisms linking their intake to adiposity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify metabolomics biomarkers of intake of low- and no-calorie sweetened beverages (LNCSBs), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and ASs and to investigate their associations with body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. METHODS We analyzed 3 data sets from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) cohort study, of children who provided 2 urine samples (n = 297), adolescents who provided a single urine sample (n = 339), and young adults who provided a single plasma sample (n = 195). Urine and plasma were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. Dietary intakes were assessed using 3-d weighed dietary records. The random forest, partial least squares, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were jointly used for metabolite selection. We examined associations of intakes with metabolites and anthropometric measures using linear and mixed-effects regression. RESULTS In adolescents, LNCSB were positively associated with acesulfame (β: 0.0012; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0006, 0.0019) and saccharin (β: 0.0009; 95% CI: 0.0002, 0.0015). In children, the association was observed with saccharin (β: 0.0016; 95% CI: 0.0005, 0.0027). In urine and plasma, SSBs were positively associated with 1-methylxanthine (β: 0.0005; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.0008; and β: 0.0010, 95% CI 0.0004, 0.0015, respectively) and 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (β: 0.0005; 95% CI: 0.0002, 0.0008; and β: 0.0009; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.0014, respectively). AS was associated with urinary sucrose (β: 0.0095; 95% CI: 0.0069, 0.0121) in adolescents. Some of the food-related metabolic profiles were also associated with adiposity measures. CONCLUSIONS We identified SBs- and AS-related metabolites, which may be important for understanding the interplay between these intakes and adiposity in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Muli
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Maike E Schnermann
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mira Merdas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jodi Rattner
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - David Achaintre
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Ines Perrar
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jantje Goerdten
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS), Bremen, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Floegel
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS), Bremen, Germany; Section of Dietetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Hochschule Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | | | - Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Naveh G, Mansour B, Bader M, Steckler R, Nasrallah E, Hujeyrat H, Magzal F, Elias N, Horovitz O, Nimri L. Physiological Impacts of Energy Drink Consumption: A Clinical Analysis in Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:2328. [PMID: 39064773 PMCID: PMC11280369 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy drink (ED) consumption among Israeli-Arab adolescents is widespread. This study aimed to investigate the acute glycemic and insulin effects of EDs in healthy adolescents. Seventy-one Israeli-Arab adolescents (56% girls, average age 16.04 ± 1.03 years) participated in a non-randomized, case-controlled, open-label study. Participants consumed ED (n = 36) or a volume- and carbohydrate-matched non-caffeinated soft drink (SD, n = 35), followed by a 2 h glucose tolerance test. Blood glucose was measured at baseline and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min post-consumption (T0, T15, T30, T60 and T120, respectively). Serum insulin concentration and caffeine relative intensity were determined 45 min post-consumption (T45). Blood glucose levels peaked significantly at T15 and remained significantly higher at T30 in the ED group compared to the SD group (p = 0.005, p = 0.017, respectively). Insulin concentrations were substantially higher at T45 in the ED group (t [64] = 2.794, p = 0.001). This pattern was especially prominent in heavy ED consumers. A positive correlation emerged between the amount of caffeine consumed (mg/kg), blood glucose levels at T15 and T30, and insulin concentration at T45. This study is the first to demonstrate the glycemic and insulin responses to ED consumption in adolescents, suggesting that regulatory measures limiting ED sales to adolescents could improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Naveh
- Nutritional Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel; (G.N.); (R.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Bshara Mansour
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Mahmoud Bader
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Rafi Steckler
- Nutritional Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel; (G.N.); (R.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Elias Nasrallah
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Hamed Hujeyrat
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Faiga Magzal
- Nutritional Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel; (G.N.); (R.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Nael Elias
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Omer Horovitz
- The Physiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel;
| | - Lili Nimri
- Nutritional Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel; (G.N.); (R.S.); (F.M.)
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Ajibo C, Van Griethuysen A, Visram S, Lake AA. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a systematic review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes. Public Health 2024; 227:274-281. [PMID: 38228408 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update an earlier review, published in 2016, on the health and other outcomes associated with children and young people's consumption of energy drinks (EDs). STUDY DESIGN Review article. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Systematic searches of nine databases (ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, DARE, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) retrieved original articles reporting the effects of EDs experienced by children and young people up to the age of 21 years. Searches were restricted by publication dates (January 2016 to July 2022) and language (English). Studies assessed as being weak were excluded from the review. Included studies underwent narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 57 studies were included. Boys consumed EDs more than girls. Many studies reported a strong positive association between ED consumption and smoking, alcohol use, binge drinking, other substance use and the intentions to initiate these behaviours. Sensation-seeking and delinquent behaviours were positively associated with ED consumption, as were short sleep duration, poor sleep quality and low academic performance. Additional health effects noted in the updated review included increased risk of suicide, psychological distress, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, depressive and panic behaviours, allergic diseases, insulin resistance, dental caries and erosive tooth wear. CONCLUSIONS This review adds to the growing evidence that ED consumption by children and young people is associated with numerous adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Where feasible and ethical, additional longitudinal studies are required to ascertain causality. The precautionary principle should be considered in regulatory policy and restriction of ED sales to this population. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42021255484.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ajibo
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
| | - A Van Griethuysen
- Dietetics, Tees, Esk & Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, Huntington House, YO32 9XW, UK
| | - S Visram
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE1 4LP, UK; Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, NE1 ALP, UK
| | - A A Lake
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK; Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, NE1 ALP, UK.
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Mah E, Chen O, Liska DJ, Blumberg JB. Dietary Supplements for Weight Management: A Narrative Review of Safety and Metabolic Health Benefits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091787. [PMID: 35565754 PMCID: PMC9099655 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements for weight management include myriad ingredients with thermogenic, lipotropic, satiety, and other metabolic effects. Recently, the safety of this product category has been questioned. In this review, we summarize the safety evidence as well as relevant clinical findings on weight management and metabolic effects of six representative dietary supplement ingredients: caffeine, green tea extract (GTE), green coffee bean extract (GCBE), choline, glucomannan, and capsaicinoids and capsinoids. Of these, caffeine, GTE (specifically epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG]), and choline have recommended intake limits, which appear not to be exceeded when used according to manufacturers’ instructions. Serious adverse events from supplements with these ingredients are rare and typically involve unusually high intakes. As with any dietary component, the potential for gastrointestinal intolerance, as well as possible interactions with concomitant medications/supplements exist, and the health status of the consumer should be considered when consuming these components. Most of the ingredients reviewed also improved markers of metabolic health, such as glucose, lipids, and blood pressure, although the data are limited for some. In summary, weight management supplements containing caffeine, GTE, GCBE, choline, glucomannan, and capsaicinoids and capsinoids are generally safe when taken as directed and demonstrate metabolic health benefits for overweight and obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (O.C.); (J.B.B.)
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (O.C.); (J.B.B.)
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Hansraj R, Xulu-Kasaba ZN, Tini A, Naidu D, Hassim F, Osman F, Mbatha S, Mtemeri N. The short-term effects of energy drinks on near visual performance. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v81i1.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082506. [PMID: 34444666 PMCID: PMC8401129 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in energy drink (ED) intake in the general population and athletes has been achieved with smart and effective marketing strategies. There is a robust base of evidence showing that adolescents are the main consumers of EDs. The prevalence of ED usage in this group ranges from 52% to 68%, whilst in adults is estimated at 32%. The compositions of EDs vary widely. Caffeine content can range from 75 to 240 mg, whereas the average taurine quantity is 342.28 mg/100 mL. Unfortunately, exact amounts of the other ED elements are often not disclosed by manufacturers. Caffeine and taurine in doses 3–6 mg/kg and 1–6 g, respectively, appear to be the main ergogenic elements. However, additive or synergic properties between them seem to be implausible. Because of non-unified protocol design, presented studies show inconsistency between ED ingestion and improved physical performance. Potential side effects caused by abusive consumption or missed contraindications are the aspects that are the most often overlooked by consumers and not fully elucidated by ED producers. In this review, the authors aimed to present the latest scientific information on ED components and their possible impact on improving physical performance as well as to bring emphasis to the danger of inordinate consumption.
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Selected Literature Watch. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2021.29020.slw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Selected Literature Watch. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2021.29019.slw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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