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Tang F, Shen L, Gu Z, Zhang L, Fang L, Sun H, Ma D, Guo Y, Yang Y, Lu B, Li Q, Zhong S, Wang Z. Causal relationships between gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and diabetic neuropathy: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:128-136. [PMID: 38901934 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown a strong correlation between gut microbiota and diabetes and its associated complications. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between the gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and diabetic neuropathy. METHODS Summary statistics of 211 gut microbiota and 12 gut-related metabolites (β-hydroxybutyric acid, betaine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, carnitine, choline, glutamate, kynurenine, phenylalanine, propionic acid, serotonin, tryptophan, and tyrosine) were obtained from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was used to estimate the effects of gut microbiota and gut metabolites on the risk of diabetic neuropathy based on FinnGen GWAS. RESULTS Higher levels of Acidaminococcaceae (OR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.46 to 0.84; P = 0.002), Peptococcaceae (OR = 0.70; 95%CI = 0.54 to 0.90; P = 0.006), and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group (OR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.50 to 0.93; P = 0.016) are genetically determined to provide protection against diabetic neuropathy. Conversely, the presence of Alistipes (OR = 1.65; 95%CI = 1.18 to 2.31; P = 0.003), ChristensenellaceaeR7 group (OR = 1.52; 95%CI = 1.03 to 2.23; P = 0.033), Eggerthella (OR = 1.28; 95%CI = 1.05 to 1.55; P = 0.014), RuminococcaceaeUCG013 (OR = 1.35; 95%CI = 1.01 to 1.82; P = 0.046), and Firmicutes (OR = 1.42; 95%CI = 1.05 to 1.93; P = 0.023) increases the risk of diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, a correlation has been identified between diabetic neuropathy and two gut metabolites: betaine (OR = 0.95; 95%CI = 0.90 to 1.00; P = 0.033) and tyrosine (OR = 1.03; 95%CI = 1.01 to 1.06; P = 0.019). Sensitivity analysis indicated robust results with no sign of heterogeneity or pleiotropy. CONCLUSION The present study elucidated the impact of specific gut microbiota and gut metabolites on the susceptibility to diabetic neuropathy. Interventions targeting the improvement of the gut microbiota diversity and composition hold considerable promise as a potential strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwen Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziliang Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingna Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqian Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanmin Li
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shao Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
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Bridge LA, Hernández Vargas JA, Trujillo-Cáceres SJ, Beigrezaei S, Chatelan A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Muka T, Uriza-Pinzón JP, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Franco OH, Grompone G, Artola Arita V. Two cosmoses, one universe: a narrative review exploring the gut microbiome's role in the effect of urban risk factors on vascular ageing. Maturitas 2024; 184:107951. [PMID: 38471294 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the face of rising global urbanisation, understanding how the associated environment and lifestyle impact public health is a cornerstone for prevention, research, and clinical practice. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with urban risk factors contributing greatly to its burden. The current narrative review adopts an exposome approach to explore the effect of urban-associated physical-chemical factors (such as air pollution) and lifestyle on cardiovascular health and ageing. In addition, we provide new insights into how these urban-related factors alter the gut microbiome, which has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We focus on vascular ageing, before disease onset, to promote preventative research and practice. We also discuss how urban ecosystems and social factors may interact with these pathways and provide suggestions for future research, precision prevention and management of vascular ageing. Most importantly, future research and decision-making would benefit from adopting an exposome approach and acknowledging the diverse and boundless universe of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Anne Bridge
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Juliana Trujillo-Cáceres
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angeline Chatelan
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Julieth Pilar Uriza-Pinzón
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vicente Artola Arita
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Ramdani S, Haddiya I. Updates in the management of hypertension. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3514-3521. [PMID: 38846840 PMCID: PMC11152838 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and nephropathies. Its treatment and management require long-term follow-up which can be facilitated by the emergence of device-based therapies. Novel recommendations have been well described in the latest ESH guidelines as well as new risk factors have been identified. The authors summarized the published evidence on hypertension management. The authors also cited in this review novel treatment approaches in different settings and the intervention of medication adherence in treatment success. Such non-communicable disease requires long-term follow-up and monitoring, which is quite facilitated in the era of digitalization by cuff-less devices based on prediction tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramdani
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, University Mohammed First
| | - Intissar Haddiya
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, University Mohammed First
- Department of Nephrology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
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Jiang C, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang K, Huang C, Gao F, Peng Hu H, Deng Y, Zhang W, Zheng J, Huang J, Li Y. Polyphenols from hickory nut reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in mice by improving intestinal microbiota and inhibiting trimethylamine N-oxide production. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155349. [PMID: 38522315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite produced by intestinal microbiota through metabolizing phosphatidylcholine, choline, l-carnitine and betaine in the diet, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Concurrently, dietary polyphenols have garnered attention for their potential to ameliorate obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis primarily by modulating the intestinal microbial structure. Hickory (Carya cathayensis) nut, a polyphenol-rich food product favored for its palatability, emerges as a candidate for exploration. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The relationship between polyphenol of hickory nut and atherosclerosis prevention will be firstly clarified, providing theoretical basis for the discovery of natural products counteracting TMAO-induced AS process in hickory nut. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Employing Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and histological examination of aortic samples, the effects of total polyphenol extract on obesity index, inflammatory index and pathological changes of atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat and high choline diet were evaluated. Further, the composition, abundance, and function of mouse gut microbiota were analyzed through 16srDNA sequencing. Concurrently, the levels of TMAO and the expression of key enzymes (CutC and FMO3) involved in its synthesis are quantified using ELISA, Western Blot and Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, targeted metabolomic profiling of the hickory nut polyphenol extract was conducted, accompanied by molecular docking simulations to predict interactions between candidate polyphenols and the CutC/FMO3 using Autodock Vina. Finally, the docking prediction were verified by microscale thermophoresis (MST) . RESULTS Polyphenol extracts of hickory nut improved the index of obesity and inflammation, and alleviated the pathological changes of atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat and high-choline diet. Meanwhile, these polyphenol extracts also changed the composition and function of intestinal microbiota, and increased the abundance of microorganisms in mice. Notably, the abundance of intestinal microbiota endowed with CutC gene was significantly reduced, coherent with expression of CutC catalyzing TMA production. Moreover, polyphenol extracts also decreased the expression of FMO3 in the liver, contributing to the reduction of TMAO levels in serum. Furthermore, metabonomic profile analysis of these polyphenol extracts identified 647 kinds of polyphenols. Molecular docking predication further demonstrated that Casuariin and Cinnamtannin B2 had the most potential inhibition on the enzymatic activities of CutC or FMO3, respectively. Notably, MST analysis corroborated the potential for direct interaction between CutC enzyme and available polyphenols such as Corilagin, (-)-Gallocatechin gallate and Epigallocatechin gallate. CONCLUSION Hickory polyphenol extract can mitigate HFD-induced AS by regulating intestinal microflora in murine models. In addition, TMA-FMO3-TMAO pathway may play a key role in this process. This research unveils, for the inaugural time, the complex interaction between hickory nut-derived polyphenols and gut microbial, providing novel insights into the role of dietary polyphenols in AS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Huang Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yangyong Deng
- Hangzhou Yaoshengji Food Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Suichang County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Suichang County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Cui X, Zhang T, Xie T, Guo FX, Zhang YY, Deng YJ, Wang Q, Guo YX, Dong MH, Luo XT. Research Progress on the Correlation Between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2371-2387. [PMID: 38770171 PMCID: PMC11104380 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s463880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Among cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The characteristics of the gut microbiota can vary in response to increased blood pressure (BP) and influence the development and progression of hypertension. This paper describes five aspects of the relationship between hypertension and the gut microbiota, namely, the different types of gut microbiota, metabolites of the gut microbiota, sympathetic activation, gut-brain interactions, the effects of exercise and dietary patterns and the treatment of the gut microbiota through probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and herbal remedies, providing new clues for the future prevention of hypertension. Diet, exercise and traditional Chinese medicine may contribute to long-term improvements in hypertension, although the effects of probiotics and FMT still need to be validated in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-xi Guo
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ying Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-jia Deng
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of General Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Shariff S, Kwan Su Huey A, Parag Soni N, Yahia A, Hammoud D, Nazir A, Uwishema O, Wojtara M. Unlocking the gut-heart axis: exploring the role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2752-2758. [PMID: 38694298 PMCID: PMC11060260 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal player in cardiovascular health and disease, extending its influence beyond the gut through intricate metabolic processes and interactions with the immune system. Accumulating evidence supports a significant association between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Dietary patterns have been identified as key factors shaping the composition of the gut microbiota and exerting notable impacts on cardiovascular health. Probiotics and prebiotics have shown promise in mitigating the risks of cardiovascular disease by modulating key cardiovascular parameters. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently emerged as a novel and intriguing therapeutic strategy. Aim This review paper aims to explore and elucidate the multifaceted role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular health. It will also address the prevailing challenges and limitations in gut microbiota studies, emphasizing the importance of future research in overcoming these obstacles to expand our understanding of the gut-heart axis. Materials and methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases including ClinicalTrials, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Ovid Resources. The search strategy included utilizing keywords such as "Gut microbiota," "Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)," "Gut-heart axis," "Dysbiosis," "Diet," "Probiotics," "Prebiotics," "Faecal Microbiota transplantation," "cardiovascular disease," "Meta-analyses," and other compatible terms thereof. Only articles written in English were considered, and selection criteria included relevance to the research objectives, reasonable sample sizes, and robust methodology. In addition to the identified articles, meta-analyses, animal models and studies, and references from the selected articles were also examined to ensure a comprehensive review of the literature. Results Dietary patterns exert a significant influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, and certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been associated with a favourable gut microbiota profile and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Probiotics and prebiotics have emerged as potential interventions to mitigate CVD risks by modulating blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profiles, and gut dysbiosis. Another innovative therapeutic approach is FMT, which involves transferring faecal material from a healthy donor to restore a balanced gut microbiota. FMT holds promise for improving cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with CVD, although further research is needed to elucidate its precise mechanisms and assess its effectiveness. Conclusion The gut microbiota is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for CVD prevention and management. However, current research has limitations, including the need for larger and more diverse studies, the challenges of establishing causality, and concerns regarding the long-term consequences and safety of gut microbiota modulation. Despite these limitations, understanding the gut-heart axis holds promise for the development of personalized therapies and interventions for cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to expand our knowledge and address the ethical and safety issues associated with gut microbiota modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanobar Shariff
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Alicia Kwan Su Huey
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Medical School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nishant Parag Soni
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- GMERS Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amer Yahia
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Mohamed 6 of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Doha Hammoud
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Abubakar Nazir
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Clinton Global Initiative University, New York, NY
- Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Magda Wojtara
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI
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Pires L, González-Paramás AM, Heleno SA, Calhelha RC. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Etiopathogenesis of Multiple Chronic Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:392. [PMID: 38786121 PMCID: PMC11117238 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases (CD) may result from a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle and social behaviours, healthcare system influences, community factors, and environmental determinants of health. These risk factors frequently coexist and interact with one another. Ongoing research and a focus on personalized interventions are pivotal strategies for preventing and managing chronic disease outcomes. A wealth of literature suggests the potential involvement of gut microbiota in influencing host metabolism, thereby impacting various risk factors associated with chronic diseases. Dysbiosis, the perturbation of the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, is crucial in the etiopathogenesis of multiple CD. Recent studies indicate that specific microorganism-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide, lipopolysaccharide and uremic toxins, contribute to subclinical inflammatory processes implicated in CD. Various factors, including diet, lifestyle, and medications, can alter the taxonomic species or abundance of gut microbiota. Researchers are currently dedicating efforts to understanding how the natural progression of microbiome development in humans affects health outcomes. Simultaneously, there is a focus on enhancing the understanding of microbiome-host molecular interactions. These endeavours ultimately aim to devise practical approaches for rehabilitating dysregulated human microbial ecosystems, intending to restore health and prevent diseases. This review investigates how the gut microbiome contributes to CD and explains ways to modulate it for managing or preventing chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pires
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles en Alimentos, Implicaciones en la Calidad y en Salud Humana, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Ana M. González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles en Alimentos, Implicaciones en la Calidad y en Salud Humana, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Sandrina A. Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Jin Q, Zhang C, Chen R, Jiang L, Li H, Wu P, Li L. Quinic acid regulated TMA/TMAO-related lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function through gut microbiota to inhibit atherosclerotic. J Transl Med 2024; 22:352. [PMID: 38622667 PMCID: PMC11017595 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinic acid (QA) and its derivatives have good lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective functions, but their role in atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study attempted to investigate the mechanism of QA on atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice induced by HFD. METHODS HE staining and oil red O staining were used to observe the pathology. The PCSK9, Mac-3 and SM22a expressions were detected by IHC. Cholesterol, HMGB1, TIMP-1 and CXCL13 levels were measured by biochemical and ELISA. Lipid metabolism and the HMGB1-SREBP2-SR-BI pathway were detected by PCR and WB. 16 S and metabolomics were used to detect gut microbiota and serum metabolites. RESULTS QA or low-frequency ABX inhibited weight gain and aortic tissue atherogenesis in HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. QA inhibited the increase of cholesterol, TMA, TMAO, CXCL13, TIMP-1 and HMGB1 levels in peripheral blood of Apoe-/- mice induced by HFD. Meanwhile, QA or low-frequency ABX treatment inhibited the expression of CAV-1, ABCA1, Mac-3 and SM22α, and promoted the expression of SREBP-1 and LXR in the vascular tissues of HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. QA reduced Streptococcus_danieliae abundance, and promoted Lactobacillus_intestinalis and Ileibacterium_valens abundance in HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. QA altered serum galactose metabolism, promoted SREBP-2 and LDLR, inhibited IDOL, FMO3 and PCSK9 expression in liver of HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. The combined treatment of QA and low-frequency ABX regulated microbe-related Glycoursodeoxycholic acid and GLYCOCHENODEOXYCHOLATE metabolism in HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. QA inhibited TMAO or LDL-induced HCAECs damage and HMGB1/SREBP2 axis dysfunction, which was reversed by HMGB1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS QA regulated the gut-liver lipid metabolism and chronic vascular inflammation of TMA/TMAO through gut microbiota to inhibit the atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice, and the mechanism may be related to the HMGB1/SREBP2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Chiyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Pengcui Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
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9
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Tang H, Huang Y, Yuan D, Liu J. Atherosclerosis, gut microbiome, and exercise in a meta-omics perspective: a literature review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17185. [PMID: 38584937 PMCID: PMC10999153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, significantly impacting public health. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of these deaths, with atherosclerosis marking the initial and most critical phase of their pathophysiological progression. There is a complex relationship between atherosclerosis, the gut microbiome's composition and function, and the potential mediating role of exercise. The adaptability of the gut microbiome and the feasibility of exercise interventions present novel opportunities for therapeutic and preventative approaches. Methodology We conducted a comprehensive literature review using professional databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. This review focuses on the application of meta-omics techniques, particularly metagenomics and metabolomics, in studying the effects of exercise interventions on the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis. Results Meta-omics technologies offer unparalleled capabilities to explore the intricate connections between exercise, the microbiome, the metabolome, and cardiometabolic health. This review highlights the advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics, their applications in research, and examines how exercise influences the gut microbiome. We delve into the mechanisms connecting these elements from a metabolic perspective. Metagenomics provides insight into changes in microbial strains post-exercise, while metabolomics sheds light on the shifts in metabolites. Together, these approaches offer a comprehensive understanding of how exercise impacts atherosclerosis through specific mechanisms. Conclusions Exercise significantly influences atherosclerosis, with the gut microbiome serving as a critical intermediary. Meta-omics technology holds substantial promise for investigating the gut microbiome; however, its methodologies require further refinement. Additionally, there is a pressing need for more extensive cohort studies to enhance our comprehension of the connection among these element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Didi Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Xiong Y, He Y, Chen Z, Wu T, Xiong Y, Peng Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhou J, Zhou H, Zhang W, Shu Y, Li X, Li Q. Lactobacillus induced by irbesartan on spontaneously hypertensive rat contribute to its antihypertensive effect. J Hypertens 2024; 42:460-470. [PMID: 38009301 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension is linked to gut dysbiosis. Here, the impact of the angiotensin receptor antagonist irbesartan on the gut microbiota of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. In addition, we assessed their contribution to its antihypertensive effect. METHODS Eight-week-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were administered irbesartan for 8 weeks. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed from SHR treated with irbesartan or untreated SHR to recipient untreated SHR. The preventive effect of Lactobacillus on hypertension in SHR was evaluated. Blood pressure (BP) was calculated using a tail-sleeve sphygmomanometer. To better assess the composition of the gut microbiota, the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were tested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Irbesartan restored gut dysbiosis, increased the abundance of Lactobacillus , and improved anti-inflammatory ability, antioxidative ability, intestinal integrity, and intestinal inflammation in SHR. The microbiota in SHR-treated irbesartan could reduce BP and improve antioxidative ability and gut integrity in SHR. Lactobacillus johnsonii ( L. johnsonii ) and Lactobacillus reuteri ( L. reuteri ) reduced BP, restored gut dysbiosis and improved anti-inflammatory ability, antioxidative ability, intestinal integrity in SHR. Most notably, irbesartan, L. johnsonii , and L. reuteri can significantly increase SCFA content in SHR feces. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated that irbesartan treatment ameliorated gut dysbiosis in SHR. Irbesartan induced alterations in gut microbiota, with increased prevalence of Lactobacillus .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Department of Pharmacy, First hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Yanping He
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Hypertension, Xingsha Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Tianyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Yalan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Yilei Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Xuechun Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiong Li
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha
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Di Vincenzo F, Del Gaudio A, Petito V, Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F. Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:275-293. [PMID: 37505311 PMCID: PMC10954893 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is the largest interface between the internal body and the external environment. The intestinal barrier is a dynamic system influenced by the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the activity of intercellular connections, regulated by hormones, dietary components, inflammatory mediators, and the enteric nervous system (ENS). Over the years, it has become increasingly evident that maintaining a stable intestinal barrier is crucial to prevent various potentially harmful substances and pathogens from entering the internal environment. Disruption of the barrier is referred to as 'leaky gut' or leaky gut wall syndrome and seems to be characterized by the release of bacterial metabolites and endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into the circulation. This condition, mainly caused by bacterial infections, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, exposure to alcohol or chronic allergens, and dysbiosis, appear to be highly connected with the development and/or progression of several metabolic and autoimmune systemic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In this review, starting from a description of the mechanisms that enable barrier homeostasis and analyzing the relationship between this complex ecosystem and various pathological conditions, we explore the role of the gut barrier in driving systemic inflammation, also shedding light on current and future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Vincenzo
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Del Gaudio
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
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12
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Huang H, Zhao H, Wenqing L, Xu F, Wang X, Yao Y, Huang Y. Prospect of research on anti-atherosclerosis effect of main components of traditional Chinese medicine Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe through gut microbiota: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37104. [PMID: 38306512 PMCID: PMC10843552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases are on the rise globally, posing a severe threat to human health. Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered a multi-factorial inflammatory disease and the main pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as the leading cause of death. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can induce and exacerbate inflammatory reactions, accelerate metabolic disorders and immune function decline, and affect the progression and prognosis of AS-related diseases. The Chinese herbal medicine clinicians frequently utilize Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe, an effective therapeutic approach for the management of AS. This article reviews the correlation between the main components of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe and the gut microbiota and AS to provide new directions and a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Wenqing
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiyue Xu
- Shanghai Pudong New District Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Yao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Li Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Tang L. Gut Microbiome and Atherosclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:41. [PMID: 39077366 PMCID: PMC11263158 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2502041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background According to recent studies, atherosclerosis and gut microbiota are related. Nevertheless, it has been discovered that the gut microbiota varies across studies, with its function still being debated, and such relationships not proven to be causal. Thus, our study aimed to identify the key gut microbiota taxa (GM taxa) at different taxonomic levels, namely, the phylum, class, order, family, and genus, to investigate any potential causal links to atherosclerosis. Methods We employed summary data from the MiBioGen consortium on the gut microbiota to conduct a sophisticated two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Pertinent information regarding atherosclerosis statistics was acquired from the FinnGen Consortium R8 publication. To assess causality, the utilized principal analytical technique was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. Supplementary to IVW, additional MR methodologies were employed, including weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted methods, and simple mode. Sensitivity analyses involved the application of Cochrane's Q-test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out analysis. Results Finally, after performing an MR study on the risk of 211 GM taxa on atherosclerosis, we discovered 20 nominal links and one strong causal link. Firmicutes (phylum ID: 1672) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.852 (0.763, 0.950), p = 0.004) continued to be connected with a lower incidence of coronary atherosclerosis, even after Bonferroni correction. Conclusions Based on the discovered data, it was established that the phylum Firmicutes exhibits a causal relationship with a reduced occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis. This investigation could potentially provide novel insights into therapeutic objectives for atherosclerosis by focusing on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512099 Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512099 Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, 518071 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512099 Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512099 Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangqiu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512099 Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
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14
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Paraskevaidis I, Briasoulis A, Tsougos E. Oral Cardiac Drug-Gut Microbiota Interaction in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: An Emerging Association. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1716. [PMID: 38338995 PMCID: PMC10855150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the currently proposed best medical treatment for heart failure patients, the morbidity and mortality rates remain high. This is due to several reasons, including the interaction between oral cardiac drug administration and gut microbiota. The relation between drugs (especially antibiotics) and gut microbiota is well established, but it is also known that more than 24% of non-antibiotic drugs affect gut microbiota, altering the microbe's environment and its metabolic products. Heart failure treatment lies mainly in the blockage of neuro-humoral hyper-activation. There is debate as to whether the administration of heart-failure-specific drugs can totally block this hyper-activation, or whether the so-called intestinal dysbiosis that is commonly observed in this group of patients can affect their action. Although there are several reports indicating a strong relation between drug-gut microbiota interplay, little is known about this relation to oral cardiac drugs in chronic heart failure. In this review, we review the contemporary data on a topic that is in its infancy. We aim to produce scientific thoughts and questions and provide reasoning for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Paraskevaidis
- Division of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, Erithrou Stavrou 4, 15123 Athens, Greece;
- Heart Failure Subdivision, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilisis Sofias 80, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Heart Failure Subdivision, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilisis Sofias 80, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elias Tsougos
- Division of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, Erithrou Stavrou 4, 15123 Athens, Greece;
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15
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Yadav M, Chauhan NS. Role of gut-microbiota in disease severity and clinical outcomes. Brief Funct Genomics 2024; 23:24-37. [PMID: 36281758 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A delicate balance of nutrients, antigens, metabolites and xenobiotics in body fluids, primarily managed by diet and host metabolism, governs human health. Human gut microbiota is a gatekeeper to nutrient bioavailability, pathogens exposure and xenobiotic metabolism. Human gut microbiota starts establishing during birth and evolves into a resilient structure by adolescence. It supplements the host's metabolic machinery and assists in many physiological processes to ensure health. Biotic and abiotic stressors could induce dysbiosis in gut microbiota composition leading to disease manifestations. Despite tremendous scientific advancements, a clear understanding of the involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis during disease onset and clinical outcomes is still awaited. This would be important for developing an effective and sustainable therapeutic intervention. This review synthesizes the present scientific knowledge to present a comprehensive picture of the role of gut microbiota in the onset and severity of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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16
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Nie G, Zhang H, Xie D, Yan J, Li X. Liver cirrhosis and complications from the perspective of dysbiosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1320015. [PMID: 38293307 PMCID: PMC10824916 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1320015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis refers to the intimate relationship and rigorous interaction between the gut and the liver. The intestinal barrier's integrity is critical for maintaining liver homeostasis. The liver operates as a second firewall in this interaction, limiting the movement of potentially dangerous compounds from the gut and, as a result, contributing in barrier management. An increasing amount of evidence shows that increased intestinal permeability and subsequent bacterial translocation play a role in liver damage development. The major pathogenic causes in cirrhotic individuals include poor intestinal permeability, nutrition, and intestinal flora dysbiosis. Portal hypertension promotes intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in advanced liver disease, increasing liver damage. Bacterial dysbiosis is closely related to the development of cirrhosis and its related complications. This article describes the potential mechanisms of dysbiosis in liver cirrhosis and related complications, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, portal vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma, using dysbiosis of the intestinal flora as an entry point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guole Nie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honglong Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Danna Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Cancer Prevention and Control Center of Lanzhou University Medical School, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Clinical Medical Research Center of General Surgery, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Cancer Prevention and Control Center of Lanzhou University Medical School, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Clinical Medical Research Center of General Surgery, Lanzhou, China
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Wang X, Guo L, Qin T, Lai P, Jing Y, Zhang Z, Zhou G, Gao P, Ding G. Effects of X-ray cranial irradiation on metabolomics and intestinal flora in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115898. [PMID: 38171101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cranial radiotherapy is an important treatment for intracranial and head and neck tumors. To investigate the effects of cranial irradiation (C-irradiation) on gut microbiota and metabolomic profile, the feces, plasma and cerebral cortex were isolated after exposing mice to cranial X-ray irradiation at a dose rate of 2.33 Gy/min (5 Gy/d for 4 d consecutively). The gut microorganisms and metabolites were detected by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing method and LC-MS method, respectively. We found that compared with sham group, the gut microbiota composition changed at 2 W and 4 W after C-irradiation at the genus level. The fecal metabolomics showed that compared with Sham group, 44 and 66 differential metabolites were found to be annotated into metabolism pathways at 2 W and 4 W after C-irradiation, which were significantly enriched in the arginine and proline metabolism. Metabolome analysis of serum and cerebral cortex showed that, at 4 W after C-irradiation, the expression pattern of metabolites in serum samples of mice was similar to that of sham group, and the cerebral cortex metabolites of the two groups were completely separated. KEGG functional analysis showed that serum and brain tissue differential metabolites were respectively enriched in tryptophan metabolism, and arginine proline metabolism. The correlation analysis showed that the changes of gut microbiota genera were significantly correlated with the changes of metabolism, especially Helicobacter, which was significantly correlated with many different metabolites at 4 W after C-irradiation. These data suggested that C-irradiation could affect the gut microbiota and metabolism profile, even at relatively long times after C-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tongzhou Qin
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China.
| | - Panpan Lai
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yuntao Jing
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhaowen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China.
| | - Guiqiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China; Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of public health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Guirong Ding
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China.
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Filipovic B, Marjanovic-Haljilji M, Mijac D, Lukic S, Kapor S, Kapor S, Starcevic A, Popovic D, Djokovic A. Molecular Aspects of MAFLD-New Insights on Pathogenesis and Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9132-9148. [PMID: 37998750 PMCID: PMC10669943 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated liver disease (MAFLD) affects up to 70% of overweight and more than 90% of morbidly obese people, and its pathogenesis is rather complex and multifactorial. The criteria for MAFLD include the presence of hepatic steatosis in addition to one of the following three criteria: overweight or obesity, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. If the specific criteria are present, the diagnosis of MAFLD can be made regardless of alcohol consumption and previous liver disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms of MAFLD, including inflammation, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial disfunction, and oxidative stress, as well as the impact of intestinal gut microbiota, are constantly being elucidated. Treatment strategies that are continually emerging are based on different key points in MAFLD pathogenesis. Yet, the ideal therapeutic option has still not been found and future research is of great importance, as MAFLD represents a multisystemic disease with numerous complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Filipovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Marija Marjanovic-Haljilji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Dragana Mijac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Lukic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suncica Kapor
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Anatomy “Niko Miljanic”, Dr Subotica Starijeg 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Anatomy “Niko Miljanic”, Dr Subotica Starijeg 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Popovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Djokovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Bezanijska Kosa”, Dr Zorza Matea s/n, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Krishnamurthy HK, Pereira M, Bosco J, George J, Jayaraman V, Krishna K, Wang T, Bei K, Rajasekaran JJ. Gut commensals and their metabolites in health and disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1244293. [PMID: 38029089 PMCID: PMC10666787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1244293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review This review comprehensively discusses the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in health and disease and sheds light on the importance of a holistic approach in assessing the gut. Recent findings The gut microbiome consisting of the bacteriome, mycobiome, archaeome, and virome has a profound effect on human health. Gut dysbiosis which is characterized by perturbations in the microbial population not only results in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or conditions but can also give rise to extra-GI manifestations. Gut microorganisms also produce metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and so on) that are important for several interkingdom microbial interactions and functions. They also participate in various host metabolic processes. An alteration in the microbial species can affect their respective metabolite concentrations which can have serious health implications. Effective assessment of the gut microbiome and its metabolites is crucial as it can provide insights into one's overall health. Summary Emerging evidence highlights the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in health and disease. As it is implicated in GI as well as extra-GI symptoms, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the overall well-being of the host. Effective assessment of the gut microbiome may provide insights into one's health status leading to more holistic care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jophi Bosco
- Vibrant America LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Tianhao Wang
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
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20
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Karmazyn M, Gan XT. Probiotics as potential treatments to reduce myocardial remodelling and heart failure via the gut-heart axis: State-of-the-art review. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2539-2551. [PMID: 36892791 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are considered to represent important modulators of gastrointestinal health through increased colonization of beneficial bacteria thus altering the gut microflora. Although these beneficial effects of probiotics are now widely recognized, emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microflora also affect numerous other organ systems including the heart through a process generally referred to as the gut-heart axis. Moreover, cardiac dysfunction such as that seen in heart failure can produce an imbalance in the gut flora, known as dysbiosis, thereby further contributing to cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. The latter occurs by the production of gut-derived pro-inflammatory and pro-remodelling factors which exacerbate cardiac pathology. One of the key contributors to gut-dependent cardiac pathology is trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a choline and carnitine metabolic by-product first synthesized as trimethylamine which is then converted into TMAO by a hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase. The production of TMAO is particularly evident with regular western diets containing high amounts of both choline and carnitine. Dietary probiotics have been shown to reduce myocardial remodelling and heart failure in animal models although the precise mechanisms for these effects are not completely understood. A large number of probiotics have been shown to possess a reduced capacity to synthesize gut-derived trimethylamine and therefore TMAO thereby suggesting that inhibition of TMAO is a factor mediating the beneficial cardiac effects of probiotics. However, other potential mechanisms may also be important contributing factors. Here, we discuss the potential benefit of probiotics as effective therapeutic tools for attenuating myocardial remodelling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Karmazyn
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 2X6, Canada.
| | - Xiaohong Tracey Gan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 2X6, Canada
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21
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Cardoso AM, Aneli NM, Lammers M, Mânica A, Zanini D, Maciel SFVDO, Sévigny J, Corralo VDS, De Sá CA. Resistance training reduces platelet activation in hypertensive women: the role of purinergic signaling. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1745-1752. [PMID: 37796209 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Essential arterial hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arterial aneurysm, which are related to the activation of platelets. Purinergic signaling has a central role in platelet aggregation. Although ATP and ADP can act as a proaggregant agent, adenosine inhibits platelet aggregation and reduces vascular injury. Physical exercise exhibits antiaggregant properties and can modulate purinergic system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 months of resistance training on purinergic system components in platelets and on platelet activation, hemodynamic and anthropometric parameters in hypertensive woman. METHOD A total of 31 hypertensive and 28 normotensive middle-aged sedentary women were submitted to 6 months of resistance training. Purinergic enzymes activities were assessed in platelets; ATP and Tromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels were measured in serum. Blood pressure (BP), BMI, and body fat were also measured. All variables were statistically analyzed, considering P value less than 0.05. RESULTS Six months of resistance training was able to significantly reduce BP, ATP, and TXB2 levels as well as NTPDase, ecto-5'nucleotidase, and ADA activities in hypertensive group. After 6 months of resistance training, purinergic system components and TXB2 of hypertensive group were similar to normotensive group in platelets, demonstrating that resistance training was able to modulate platelet activation. A positive correlation was found between BP, enzyme activities, and levels of ATP and TXB2. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated the relationship between purinergic signaling and platelet activation in hypertension and suggests that resistance training serve as tool to reduce platelet aggregation in hypertensive woman by modulating purinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aline Mânica
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Community University of Chapecó Region, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine and Centre de recherché du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Vanessa da Silva Corralo
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Community University of Chapecó Region, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Clodoaldo Antônio De Sá
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Community University of Chapecó Region, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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22
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Kong F, Huang J, Xu C, Huang T, Wen G, Cheng W. System inflammation response index: a novel inflammatory indicator to predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in the obese population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:195. [PMID: 37821960 PMCID: PMC10566161 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate the relationship between two novel inflammatory markers, namely, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and the Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), as well as the all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the obese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study based on the data of 13,026 obese adults (age ≥ 18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014 and followed until December 2019. SIRI was calculated by the formula: (neutrophil count × monocyte count) / lymphocyte count, while that of SII was: (platelet count × neutrophil count)/lymphocyte count. The association of SIRI and SII with all-cause and CVD mortality was evaluated using Cox regression. In addition, the nomogram was performed to predict 10-year survival probability. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 137 months, 1959 and 553 all-cause and CVD deaths were recorded, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that SIRI and SII were unrelated to almost all baseline characteristics (r < 0.15). Multivariate Cox regression models displayed that each standard deviation (SD) increase in SIRI was associated with a 16% (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.24) and 22% (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.10-1.36) increase in the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. Likewise, every SD increase in SII was correlated with a 9% (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.16) and 14% (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.26) increase in the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The predictive value of SIRI for all-cause and CVD mortality (AUC = 0.601 and 0.624) exceeded that of SII (AUC = 0.528 and 0.539). Moreover, the nomogram displayed a substantial predictive value for 10-year survival (AUC = 0.847) with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 75%. CONCLUSIONS In the obese population, SIRI and SII are independent risk factors for all-cause and CVD mortality. Notably, the predictive ability of SIRI for both all-cause and CVD mortality significantly outperforms that of SII, suggesting that SIRI is a more valuable marker of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanliang Kong
- University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Junhao Huang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Department of Recuperation, Lintong Rehabilitation, and Recuperation Center, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingyuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Grace Wen
- University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wenke Cheng
- Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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23
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Mihuta MS, Paul C, Borlea A, Roi CM, Pescari D, Velea-Barta OA, Mozos I, Stoian D. Connections between serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), a gut-derived metabolite, and vascular biomarkers evaluating arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis in children with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1253584. [PMID: 37850094 PMCID: PMC10577381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1253584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity leads to early subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Studying biomarkers like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), linked to cardio-metabolic disorders in adults, is crucial to prevent long-term cardiovascular issues. Methods The study involved 70 children aged 4 to 18 (50 obese, 20 normal-weight). Clinical examination included BMI, waist measurements, puberty stage, the presence of acanthosis nigricans, and irregular menstrual cycles. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and the arterial stiffness was evaluated through surrogate markers like the pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and peripheral and central blood pressures. The blood biomarkers included determining the values of TMAO, HOMA-IR, and other usual biomarkers investigating metabolism. Results The study detected significantly elevated levels of TMAO in obese children compared to controls. TMAO presented positive correlations to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio and was also observed as an independent predictor of all three parameters. Significant correlations were observed between TMAO and vascular markers such as CIMT, PWV, and peripheral BP levels. TMAO independently predicts CIMT, PWV, peripheral BP, and central SBP levels, even after adding BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, puberty development and age in the regression model. Obese children with high HOMA-IR presented a greater weight excess and significantly higher vascular markers, but TMAO levels did not differ significantly from the obese with HOMA-IR Conclusion Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the link between serum TMAO, obesity, and vascular damage in children. These findings highlight the importance of further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms of this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Simina Mihuta
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Borlea
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Roi
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Denisa Pescari
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana-Alexandra Velea-Barta
- 3rd Department of Odontotherapy and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Liu Y, Wu H, Wang T, Shi X, He H, Huang H, Yang Y, Dai M. Paeonol reduces microbial metabolite α-hydroxyisobutyric acid to alleviate the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-mediated endothelial inflammation in atherosclerosis mice. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:759-774. [PMID: 37879794 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is an avenue for the promotion of atherosclerosis (AS) and this effect is mediated partly via the circulating microbial metabolites. More microbial metabolites related to AS vascular inflammation, and the mechanisms involved need to be clarified urgently. Paeonol (Pae) is an active compound isolated from Paeonia suffruticoas Andr. with anti-AS inflammation effect. However, considering the low oral bioavailability of Pae, it is worth exploring the mechanism by which Pae reduces the harmful metabolites of the gut microbiota to alleviate AS. In this study, ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish an AS model. AS mice were administrated with Pae (200 or 400 mg·kg-1) by oral gavage and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to investigate the composition of the gut microbiota, while metabolomics analysis was used to identify the metabolites in serum and cecal contents. The results indicated that Pae significantly improved AS by regulating gut microbiota composition and microbiota metabolic profile in AS mice. We also identified α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) as a harmful microbial metabolite reduced by Pae. HIBA supplementation in drinking water promoted AS inflammation in AS mice. Furthermore, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were cultured and stimulated by HIBA. We verified that HIBA stimulation increased intracellular ROS levels, thereby inducing VEC inflammation via the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. In sum, Pae reduces the production of the microbial metabolite HIBA, thus alleviating the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-mediated endothelial inflammation in AS. Our study innovatively confirms the mechanism by which Pae reduces the harmful metabolites of gut microbiota to alleviate AS and proposes HIBA as a potential biomarker for AS clinical judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hai He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hanwen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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25
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Unal M, Bostanci E, Ozkul C, Acici K, Asuroglu T, Guzel MS. Crohn's Disease Prediction Using Sequence Based Machine Learning Analysis of Human Microbiome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2835. [PMID: 37685376 PMCID: PMC10486516 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human microbiota refers to the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit our bodies and have been discovered to have a substantial impact on human health and disease. By sampling the microbiota, it is possible to generate massive quantities of data for analysis using Machine Learning algorithms. In this study, we employed several modern Machine Learning techniques to predict Inflammatory Bowel Disease using raw sequence data. The dataset was obtained from NCBI preprocessed graph representations and converted into a structured form. Seven well-known Machine Learning frameworks, including Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, and k-Nearest Neighbor, were used. Grid Search was employed for hyperparameter optimization. The performance of the Machine Learning models was evaluated using various metrics such as accuracy, precision, fscore, kappa, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Additionally, Mc Nemar's test was conducted to assess the statistical significance of the experiment. The data was constructed using k-mer lengths of 3, 4 and 5. The Light Gradient Boosting Machine model overperformed over other models with 67.24%, 74.63% and 76.47% accuracy for k-mer lengths of 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The LightGBM model also demonstrated the best performance in each metric. The study showed promising results predicting disease from raw sequence data. Finally, Mc Nemar's test results found statistically significant differences between different Machine Learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metehan Unal
- Department of Computer Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey; (M.U.)
| | - Erkan Bostanci
- Department of Computer Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey; (M.U.)
| | - Ceren Ozkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Acici
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tunc Asuroglu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mehmet Serdar Guzel
- Department of Computer Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey; (M.U.)
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26
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Dai Y, Shen Z, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Unraveling mechanistic insights into the role of microbiome in neurogenic hypertension: A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154740. [PMID: 37567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic hypertension, a complex and multifactorial cardiovascular disorder, is known to be influenced by various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of the gut microbiome in hypertension pathogenesis. The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, has emerged as a crucial mechanism through which the gut microbiota exerts its influence on neuroinflammation, immune responses, and blood pressure regulation. Recent studies have shown how the microbiome has a substantial impact on a variety of physiological functions, such as cardiovascular health. The increased sympathetic activity to the gut may cause microbial dysbiosis, increased permeability of the gut, and increased inflammatory reactions by altering a number of intestinal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the plasma. Collectively, these microbial metabolic and structural compounds stimulate sympathetic stimulation, which may be an important stage in the onset of hypertension. The result is an upsurge in peripheral and central inflammatory response. In addition, it has recently been shown that a link between the immune system and the gut microbiota might play a significant role in hypertension. The therapeutic implications of the gut microbiome including probiotic usage, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurogenic hypertension have also been found. A large body of research suggests that probiotic supplementation might help reduce chronic inflammation and hypertension that have an association with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. Overall, this review sheds light on the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and neurogenic hypertension, providing valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians. As our knowledge of the microbiome's role in hypertension expands, novel therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers may pave the way for more effective management and prevention of this prevalent cardiovascular disorder. Exploring the potential of the microbiome in hypertension offers an exciting avenue for future research and offers opportunities for precision medicine and improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusang Dai
- Physical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Lusine G Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - Diana E Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Wu J, Xia C, Liu C, Zhang Q, Xia C. The role of gut microbiota and drug interactions in the development of colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265136. [PMID: 37680706 PMCID: PMC10481531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem regulating the host's environmental interaction. The same functional food or drug may have varying bioavailability and distinct effects on different individuals. Drugs such as antibiotics can alter the intestinal flora, thus affecting health. However, the relationship between intestinal flora and non-antibiotic drugs is bidirectional: it is not only affected by drugs; nevertheless, it can alter the drug structure through enzymes and change the bioavailability, biological activity, or toxicity of drugs to improve their efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of antibiotics, antihypertensive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, virus-associated therapies, metabolites, and dietary in modulating the colorectal cancer gut microbiota. It provides a reference for future antitumor therapy targeting intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Can Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Masenga SK, Povia JP, Lwiindi PC, Kirabo A. Recent Advances in Microbiota-Associated Metabolites in Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2313. [PMID: 37626809 PMCID: PMC10452327 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a risk factor for adverse events such as sudden cardiac arrest, liver and kidney failure and death. The gut microbiota and its metabolites are directly linked to the pathogenesis of heart failure. As emerging studies have increased in the literature on the role of specific gut microbiota metabolites in heart failure development, this review highlights and summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure. We found that gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short chain fatty acids, bile acids, branched-chain amino acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives as well as trimethylamine-derived metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide, play critical roles in promoting heart failure through various mechanisms. Mainly, they modulate complex signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, Bcl-2 interacting protein 3, NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing inflammasome, and Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. We have also highlighted the beneficial role of other gut metabolites in heart failure and other cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (J.P.P.); (P.C.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Joreen P. Povia
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (J.P.P.); (P.C.L.)
| | - Propheria C. Lwiindi
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (J.P.P.); (P.C.L.)
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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Murugesan S, Al Khodor S. Salivary microbiome and hypertension in the Qatari population. J Transl Med 2023; 21:454. [PMID: 37422685 PMCID: PMC10329805 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hypertension in Qatar is 33 percent of the adult population. It is postulated that the salivary microbiome can regulate blood pressure (BP). However, limited investigations exist to prove this hypothesis. Therefore, we examined the difference in the salivary microbiome composition between hypertensive and normotensive Qatari subjects. METHODS A total of 1190 Qatar Genome Project (QGP) participants (Mean age = 43 years) were included in this study. BP for all participants was classified into Normal (n = 357), Stage1 (n = 336), and Stage2: (n = 161) according to the American Heart Association guidelines. 16S-rRNA libraries were sequenced and analyzed using QIIME-pipeline, and PICRUST was used to predict functional metabolic routes. Machine Learning (ML) strategies were applied to identify salivary microbiome-based predictors of hypertension. RESULTS Differential abundant analysis (DAA) revealed that Bacteroides and Atopobium were the significant members of the hypertensive groups. Alpha and beta diversity indices indicated dysbiosis between the normotensive and hypertensive groups. ML-based prediction models revealed that these markers could predict hypertension with an AUC (Area under the curve) of 0.89. Functional predictive analysis disclosed that Cysteine and Methionine metabolism and the sulphur metabolic pathways involving the renin-angiotensin system were significantly higher in the normotensive group. Therefore, members of Bacteroides and Atopobium can serve as predictors of hypertension. Likewise, Prevotella, Neisseria, and Haemophilus can be the protectors that regulate BP via nitric acid synthesis and regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. CONCLUSION It is one of the first studies to assess salivary microbiome and hypertension as disease models in a large cohort of the Qatari population. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and validate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvasankar Murugesan
- Maternal and Child Health Division, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Maternal and Child Health Division, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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30
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Shi Y, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Diao Y, Li N, Liu W, Qiu Z, Qiu Y, Jia A. Hyperoside Nanomicelles Alleviate Atherosclerosis by Modulating the Lipid Profile and Intestinal Flora Structure in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Apolipoprotein-E-Deficient Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:5088. [PMID: 37446750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a serious threat to human health and the main pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. Hyperoside (Hyp), a flavonoid found mainly in traditional Chinese herbs, can exert antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular-protective effects. Herein, we prepared hybrid nanomicelles (HFT) comprising Hyp loaded into pluronic F-127 and polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate and assessed their effects on AS. To establish an AS model, apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet. We then analyzed the effects of HFT on AS-induced changes in aortic tissues and metabolic markers, simultaneously assessing changes in gut flora community structure. In mice with AS, HFT significantly reduced the aortic plaque area; decreased levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, inflammatory factors, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS); increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, endothelial NOS, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels; and promoted the proliferation of beneficial gut bacteria. HFT could regulate intestinal flora structure and lipid metabolism and inhibit inflammatory responses. These beneficial effects may be mediated by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B signal activation, reducing inflammatory factor expression and improving gut microflora structure and dyslipidemia. The present study provides an empirical basis for the development and clinical application of new dosage forms of Hyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Shi
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mengcheng Jiang
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuanyuan Diao
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Na Li
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ailing Jia
- Pharmacy College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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Pan X, Jia Z, Zhen R, Yue L, Niu S, Ban J, Chen S. Mechanisms of Small Intestine Involvement in Obesity-Induced Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1941-1952. [PMID: 37405318 PMCID: PMC10315150 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s421650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies have shown that atherosclerotic plaques are associated with changes in the microbial composition of the intestinal flora and obesity, and that the small intestine plays an irreplaceable role in regulating intestinal flora homeostasis, but the role of the small intestine in the development of obesity-related atherosclerosis remains understudied. Therefore, this study explores the role of the small intestine in obesity-induced atherosclerosis and its molecular mechanisms. Methods In the GSE59054 data, small intestine tissue samples from 3 normal and 3 obese mice were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the GEO2R tool. The DEGs were next processed for bioinformatics analysis. We constructed an obese mouse model and measured aortic arch pulse wave velocity (PWV). Aortic and small intestine tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe pathological changes. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of small intestinal proteins. Results We identified a total of 122 DEGs. Pathway analysis revealed that BMP4, CDH5, IL1A, NQO1, GSTM1, GSTA3, CAV1 and MGST2 were mainly enriched in the Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway. In addition, BMP4, NQO1 and GSTM1 are closely related to atherosclerosis. Ultrasound and pathological findings suggest the presence of obesity atherosclerosis. Immunohistochemistry verified high expression of BMP4 and low expression of NQO1 and GSTM1 in obese small intestine tissues. Conclusion The altered expression of BMP4, NQO1 and GSTM1 in small intestine tissues during obesity may be related to atherosclerosis, and Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway may be the molecular mechanism of their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoxi Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Zou L, Zhang Y, Cheraga N, Abodunrin OD, Qu KY, Qiao L, Ma YQ, Chen LJ, Huang NP. Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-loaded plaque-specific liposome with enhanced photodynamic therapy effect for atherosclerosis treatment. Talanta 2023; 265:124772. [PMID: 37327664 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered as a new strategy for atherosclerosis treatment. Targeted delivery of photosensitizer could significantly reduce its toxicity and enhance its phototherapeutic efficiency. CD68 is an antibody that can be conjugated to nano-drug delivery systems to actively target plaque sites, owing to its specific binding to CD68 receptors that are highly expressed on the surfaces of macrophage-derived foam cells. Liposomes are very popular nanocarriers due to their ability to encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic compounds including drugs, microRNAs and photosensitizers, and their ability to be surface-modified with targeting moieties leading to the development of nanocarriers with an improved targeted ability. Hence, we designed a Ce6-loaded liposomes using the film dispersion method, followed by the conjugation of CD68 antibody on the liposomal surface through a covalent crosslinking reaction, forming CD68-modified Ce6-loaded liposomes (CD68-Ce6-mediated liposomes). Flow cytometry results indicated that Ce6-containing liposomes were more effective in promoting intracellular uptake after laser irradiation. Furthermore, CD68-modified liposomes significantly strengthened the cellular recognization and thus internalization. Different cell lines have been incubated with the liposomes, and the results showed that CD68-Ce6-mediated liposomes had no significant cytotoxicity to coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) under selected conditions. Interestingly, they promoted autophagy in foam cells through the increase in LC3-Ⅰ, LC3-Ⅱ expression and the decrease in p62 expression, and restrained the migration of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) in vitro. Moreover, the enhancement of atherosclerotic plaque stability and the reduction in the cholesterol content by CD68-Ce6-mediated liposomes were dependent on transient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under laser irradiation. In summary, we demonstrated that CD68-Ce6-mediated liposomes, as a photosensitizer nano-drug delivery system, have an inhibitory effect on MOVAS migration and a promotion of cholesterol efflux in foam cells, and thereby, represent promising nanocarriers for atherosclerosis photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Nihad Cheraga
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Oluwatosin David Abodunrin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Kai-Yun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Li Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Nanjing, 211200, China.
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Yang Z, Lin S, Liu Y, Song Z, Ge Z, Fan Y, Chen L, Bi Y, Zhao Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Mao J. Targeting intestinal microecology: potential intervention strategies of traditional Chinese medicine for managing hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1171119. [PMID: 37324472 PMCID: PMC10264781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1171119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has become one of the major public health problems in the world. At present, the pathogenesis of hypertension has still not been completely elucidated. In recent years, an increasing evidence shows that intestinal microecology is closely related to hypertension, which provides a new thinking for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of hypertension. Taking intestinal microecology as the target, it is possible to interpreting the scientific connotation of TCM prevention and treatment of hypertension by updating the treatment concept of hypertension, so as to improve the therapeutic effect. In our study, the clinical evidence for TCM treatment of hypertension was systematicly summarized. And the relationship among TCM, intestinal microecology and hypertension was analyzed. In addition, the methods by which TCM regulates intestinal microecology to prevent and treat hypertension were presented, to provide new research ideas for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Ge
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujian Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingfei Bi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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34
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Qiu T, Jiang Z, Chen X, Dai Y, Zhao H. Comorbidity of Anxiety and Hypertension: Common Risk Factors and Potential Mechanisms. Int J Hypertens 2023; 2023:9619388. [PMID: 37273529 PMCID: PMC10234733 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9619388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension, and these two conditions frequently coexist. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on determining etiology in patients with comorbid hypertension and anxiety. This review focuses on the common risk factors and potential mechanisms of comorbid hypertension and anxiety. Firstly, we analyze the common risk factors of comorbid hypertension and anxiety including age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lead, and traffic noise. The specific mechanisms underlying hypertension and anxiety were subsequently discussed, including interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. Increased IL-6, IL-17, and ROS accelerate the development of hypertension and anxiety. Gut dysbiosis leads to hypertension and anxiety by reducing short-chain fatty acids, vitamin D, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and increasing trimethylamine N-oxide (TAMO) and MYC. These shared risk factors and potential mechanisms may provide an effective strategy for treating and preventing hypertension and comorbid anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qiu
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The Central Hospital of Changsha City, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Xuancai Chen
- Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yehua Dai
- Nursing College, University of Xiangnan, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Lv R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Dong N, Wang X, He Y, Yue H, Yin Q. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:218. [PMID: 37230968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide, particularly in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The mechanism of upper airway collapse is incompletely understood but is associated with several factors, including obesity, craniofacial changes, altered muscle function in the upper airway, pharyngeal neuropathy, and fluid shifts to the neck. The main characteristics of OSAS are recurrent pauses in respiration, which lead to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and hypercapnia, accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation and arousal during sleep, which sharply increases the risk of several diseases. This paper first briefly describes the epidemiology, incidence, and pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS. Next, the alterations in relevant signaling pathways induced by IH are systematically reviewed and discussed. For example, IH can induce gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, impair the intestinal barrier, and alter intestinal metabolites. These mechanisms ultimately lead to secondary oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and sympathetic activation. We then summarize the effects of IH on disease pathogenesis, including cardiocerebrovascular disorders, neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, cancer, reproductive disorders, and COVID-19. Finally, different therapeutic strategies for OSAS caused by different causes are proposed. Multidisciplinary approaches and shared decision-making are necessary for the successful treatment of OSAS in the future, but more randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation to define what treatments are best for specific OSAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Lv
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Na Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yao He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongmei Yue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Nesci A, Carnuccio C, Ruggieri V, D'Alessandro A, Di Giorgio A, Santoro L, Gasbarrini A, Santoliquido A, Ponziani FR. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Background of a Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109087. [PMID: 37240434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies in recent years have demonstrated that gut microbiota-host interactions play an important role in human health and disease, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis has been linked to not only well-known inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous, but also to cardiovascular risk factors, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ways the microbiota is involved in modulating cardiovascular risk are multiple and not only related to inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, human and the gut microbiome cooperate as a metabolically active superorganism, and this affects host physiology through metabolic pathways. In turn, congestion of the splanchnic circulation associated with heart failure, edema of the intestinal wall, and altered function and permeability of the intestinal barrier result in the translocation of bacteria and their products into the systemic circulation, further enhancing the pro-inflammatory conditions underlying cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the present review is to describe the complex interplay between gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the development and evolution of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the possible interventions intended to modulate the gut microbiota to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nesci
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carnuccio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Ruggieri
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Alessandro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giorgio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Santoro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Lei D, Yu W, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Li X, Lv J, Li Y. Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Inducing Endothelial Injury: UPLC-MS/MS-Based Quantification and the Activation of Cathepsin B-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093817. [PMID: 37175227 PMCID: PMC10180140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
TMAO is a new risk biomarker for cardiovascular disease. With trimethylammonium as its main chemical skeleton, TMAO is structurally similar to many endogenous metabolites, such as acetylcholine, carnitine, phosphorylcholine, etc. The mechanism of TMAO on the pathological process of CVD is still unclear. In this study, the quantitative analysis of plasma TMAO is conducted, and the contribution of Cathepsin B and NLRP3 inflammasome during the process of TMAO-induced endothelial injury was proposed and investigated at animal and cellular levels. Immunofluorescence assay was applied to represent the protein expression of Cathepsin B and NLRP3 inflammasome located at endothelial cells. The results showed that TMAO could disrupt endothelial cells permeability to induce endothelial injury, meanwhile, TMAO could increase NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promote the activity and expression of Cathepsin B in vitro and in vivo, whereas inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by MCC950 could protect the endothelial cells from TMAO associated endothelial injury via Cathepsin B. The study reveals that TMAO can cause endothelial injury via Cathepsin B-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome, and inhibition of Cathepsin B and NLRP3 inflammasome can reduce the TMAO-induced damage. The results provide new insight into the role of TMAO in CVD, which can be a potential therapeutic target for disease treatment and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Daniel N, Genua F, Jenab M, Mayén AL, Chrysovalantou Chatziioannou A, Keski-Rahkonen P, Hughes DJ. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancers. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00390. [PMID: 37055022 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cancers of the biliary tract, share high mortality and rising incidence rates. They may also share several risk factors related to unhealthy western-type dietary and lifestyle patterns as well as increasing body weights and rates of obesity. Recent data also suggest a role for the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancer and other liver pathologies. The gut microbiome and the liver interact bidirectionally through the "gut-liver axis," which describes the interactive relationship between the gut, its microbiota, and the liver. Here, we review the gut-liver interactions within the context of hepatobiliary carcinogenesis by outlining the experimental and observational evidence for the roles of gut microbiome dysbiosis, reduced gut barrier function, and exposure to inflammatory compounds as well as metabolic dysfunction as contributors to hepatobiliary cancer development. We also outline the latest findings regarding the impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on liver pathologies as mediated by the gut microbiome. Finally, we highlight some emerging gut microbiome editing techniques currently being investigated in the context of hepatobiliary diseases. Although much work remains to be done in determining the relationships between the gut microbiome and hepatobiliary cancers, emerging mechanistic insights are informing treatments, such as potential microbiota manipulation strategies and guiding public health advice on dietary/lifestyle patterns for the prevention of these lethal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Daniel
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Flavia Genua
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ana-Lucia Mayén
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Comparative Gut Microbiome Differences between High and Low Aortic Arch Calcification Score in Patients with Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065673. [PMID: 36982746 PMCID: PMC10059004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis can induce chronic inflammation and contribute to atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. The aortic arch calcification (AoAC) score is a simple, noninvasive, and semiquantitative assessment tool to evaluate vascular calcification on chest radiographs. Few studies have discussed the relationship between gut microbiota and AoAC. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the microbiota composition between patients with chronic diseases and high or low AoAC scores. A total of 186 patients (118 males and 68 females) with chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (80.6%), hypertension (75.3%), and chronic kidney disease (48.9%), were enrolled. Gut microbiota in fecal samples were analyzed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and differences in microbial function were examined. The patients were divided into three groups according to AoAC score, including 103 patients in the low AoAC group (AoAC ≤ 3), 40 patients in the medium AoAC group (3 < AoAC ≤ 6), and 43 patients in the high AoAC group (AoAC > 6). Compared to the low AoAC group, the high AoAC group had a significantly lower microbial species diversity (Chao1 index and Shannon index) and increased microbial dysbiosis index. Beta diversity showed that the microbial community composition was significantly different among the three groups (p = 0.041, weighted UniFrac PCoA). A distinct microbial community structure was found in the patients with a low AoAC, with an increased abundance at the genus level of Agathobacter, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Barnesiella, Butyricimonas, Oscillibacter, Ruminococcaceae DTU089, and Oxalobacter. In addition, there was an increased relative abundance of class Bacilli in the high AoAC group. Our findings support the association between gut dysbiosis and the severity of AoAC in patients with chronic diseases.
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Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Role of Chronic Inflammation and Platelet Aggregation. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030554. [PMID: 36984554 PMCID: PMC10059701 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Atherosclerosis is one of inflammatory bowel disease’s most significant cardiovascular manifestations. This research aimed to examine the relationship between biochemical, haemostatic, and immune parameters of atherosclerosis and ulcerative colitis patients and its relationship to platelet aggregation. Materials and Methods: A clinical, observational cross-sectional study was performed, during which the tested parameters were compared in the experimental and control groups. The patients were divided into four groups. The first group had 25 patients who had ulcerative colitis and atherosclerosis. The second group included 39 patients with ulcerative colitis without atherosclerosis. The third group comprised 31 patients suffering from atherosclerosis without ulcerative colitis, and the fourth group comprised 25 healthy subjects. Results: In our study, we registered statistically higher levels of inflammatory markers like SE, CRP, Le, fecal calprotectin, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as the higher value of thrombocytes and thrombocyte aggregation in the group of patients with ulcerative colitis compared to the control group. Lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL were also recorded in patients with ulcerative colitis and atherosclerosis and ulcerative colitis without atherosclerosis compared to healthy control. Triglyceride and remnant cholesterol were higher in patients with ulcerative colitis and atherosclerosis when compared to patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy control but lower than in patients with atherosclerosis only. Conclusions: Several inflammatory markers and platelet aggregation could be good discrimination markers for subjects with ulcerative colitis with the highest risk of atherosclerosis.
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Effects of probiotics on hypertension. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1107-1117. [PMID: 36646911 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data have suggested that probiotics had good potential in regulating intestinal flora and preventing hypertension. Some studies in human and animal models have demonstrated probiotic intervention could attenuate hypertension, regulate intestinal flora to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and regulate intestinal microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and polyphenols. However, there is still some debate as to whether probiotics exert effective benefits. These recently published reviews did not systematically expound on the heterogeneity between the effect and mechanism of probiotics with different types, doses, and carriers to exert antihypertensive effects, as well as the possible application of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in food and clinic. Here we try to systematically review the association between hypertension and intestinal microflora, the effect of probiotics and their metabolites on hypertension, and the recent research progress on the specific mechanism of probiotics on hypertension. In addition, we also summarized the potential application of probiotics in antihypertension. Future challenges include elucidating the functions of metabolites produced by microorganisms and their downstream pathway or molecules, identifying specific strains, not just microbial communities, and developing therapeutic interventions that target hypertension by modulation of gut microbes and metabolites.
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Zhu M, Wang X, Wang K, Zhao Z, Dang Y, Ji G, Li F, Zhou W. Lingguizhugan decoction improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis partially by modulating gut microbiota and correlated metabolites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1066053. [PMID: 36779187 PMCID: PMC9908757 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1066053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lingguizhugan decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that has been used to improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the anti-NASH effects and underlying mechanisms of Lingguizhugan decoction remain unclear. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce NASH, and then given Lingguizhugan decoction orally for four weeks. NASH indexes were evaluated by histopathological analysis and biochemical parameters including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver triglycerides (TG), etc. Fecal samples of rats were subjected to profile the changes of gut microbiota and metabolites using 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Bioinformatics was used to identify Lingguizhugan decoction reversed candidates, and Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to uncover the relationship among gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and NASH indexes. Results Four-week Lingguizhugan decoction treatment ameliorated MCD diet-induced NASH features, as evidenced by improved hepatic steatosis and inflammation, as well as decreased serum AST and ALT levels. Besides, Lingguizhugan decoction partially restored the changes in gut microbial community composition in NASH rats. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of 26 genera was significantly changed in NASH rats, and 11 genera (such as odoribacter, Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004, etc.) were identified as significantly reversed by Lingguizhugan decoction. Additionally, a total of 99 metabolites were significantly altered in NASH rats, and 57 metabolites (such as TDCA, Glutamic acid, Isocaproic acid, etc.) enriched in different pathways were reversed by Lingguizhugan decoction. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analyses revealed that most of the 57 metabolites were significantly correlated with 11 genera and NASH indexes. Conclusion Lingguizhugan decoction may exert protective effects on NASH partially by modulating gut microbiota and correlated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Zhu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wenjun Zhou, ; Fenghua Li,
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wenjun Zhou, ; Fenghua Li,
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Wu S, Zheng C, Liu N, Deng T, Wang J, Qi L, Xia L. Liuzijue training improves hypertension and modulates gut microbiota profile. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1075084. [PMID: 36760555 PMCID: PMC9905721 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1075084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liuzijue training (LZJ) is a traditional exercise integrating breathing meditation and physical exercise, which could prevent and improve hypertension symptoms. Purpose We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LZJ on hypertensive patients from the perspectives of blood pressure (BP), vascular endothelial function, immune homeostasis, and gut microbiota. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind experiment to assess the effect of 12 weeks LZJ in hypertensive patients. We measured the blood pressure level, vascular endothelial function, serum inflammatory factor concentration, and fecal microbial composition of hypertension patients. Results Compared with aerobic training, LZJ has a more significant effect on serum inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-10) and gut microbiota. PCoA analysis showed that LZJ tended to transform the gut microbiota structure of hypertensive subjects into that of healthy people. This process involves significant changes in Bacteroides, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Escherichia-Shigella, Haemophilus, Megamonas, and Parabacteroides. In particular, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, these bacteria were closely related to the improvement of BP in hypertensive patients. Conclusion In conclusion, our results confirm that LZJ could be used as an adjuvant treatment for hypertensive patients, which could effectively reduce BP, improve the immune homeostasis and gut microbiota structure in patients, and provide a theoretical reference for the use of LZJ in the clinic. Clinical trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx, identifier: ChiCTR2200066269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Nannan Liu
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Nursing College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luming Qi
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Xia
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Sheng M, Xu S, Chen WW, Li FQ, Zhong YM, Ouyang YX, Liao YL, Lai P. A bibliometric analysis of studies on the gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease from 2004 to 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1083995. [PMID: 36683688 PMCID: PMC9852829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota (GM) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many studies on the GM in CVD have been published in the last decade. However, bibliometric analysis in this field is still lacking. Methods On 30 September 2022, a search of the Web of Science™ (WoS; Clarivate™, Philadelphia, PA, USA) yielded 1,500 articles and reviews on the GM and CVD. Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze publication trends and research hotspots in this field. Results Our search generated 1,708 publications on the GM in CVD published between 2004 and 2022, and 1,500 articles and review papers were included in the final analysis. The number of publications relating to the GM in CVD increased from 1 in 2004 to 350 in 2021. China (485 publications, 9,728 non-self-citations, and an H-index of 47) and the USA (418 publications, 24,918 non-self-citations, and an H-index of 82) contributed 32.31%, and 27.85%, respectively, of the total number of publications. Examination of the number of publications (Np) and number of citations, excluding self-citations (Nc), of individual authors showed that Y. L. Tian (Np: 18, Nc: 262, and H-index: 12), from China, is the most productive author, followed by R. Knight (Np: 16, Nc: 3,036, and H-index: 15) and M. Nieuwdorp (Np: 16, Nc: 503, and H-index: 9). The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College accounted for the largest number of publications (Np: 62, Nc: 3,727, and H-index: 13, average citation number (ACN): 60.11). The journal Nutrients had the most publications (Np: 73, Nc: 2,036, and ACN: 27.89). The emerging keywords in this field were "monooxygenase 3" (strength 3.24, 2020-2022), "short-chain fatty acid" (strength 4.63, 2021-2022), "fatty liver disease" (strength 3.18, 2021-2022), "metabolic disease" (strength 3.04, 2021-2022), "Mediterranean diet" (strength 2.95, 2021-2022), "prevention" (strength 2.77, 2021-2022), and "intestinal barrier" (strength 2.8, 2021-2022). Conclusion Publications on the GM in CVD rapidly increased in the last decade. The USA was the most influential country in publications in this field, followed by China. The journal with the most publications was Nutrients. Monooxygenase-3, short-chain fatty acids, fatty liver disease, metabolic disease, the Mediterranean diet, intestinal barrier, and prevention are the current hotspots or potential hotspots for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sheng
- Department of Library, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuquan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fa-Quan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ouyang
- Department of Library, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong-Ling Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ping Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Diab A, Dastmalchi LN, Gulati M, Michos ED. A Heart-Healthy Diet for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Where Are We Now? Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:237-253. [PMID: 37113563 PMCID: PMC10128075 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s379874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review The relationship between cardiovascular health and diet is evolving. Lifestyle modifications including diet changes are the primary approach in managing cardiometabolic risk factors. Thus, understanding different diets and their impact on cardiovascular health is important in guiding primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, there are many barriers and limitations to adopting a heart healthy diet. Recent Findings Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and lean protein sources, with minimization/avoidance of processed foods, trans-fats, and sugar sweetened beverages, are recommended by prevention guidelines. The Mediterranean, DASH, and plant-based diets have all proven cardioprotective in varying degrees and are endorsed by professional healthcare societies, while other emerging diets such as the ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting require more long-term study. The effects of diet on the gut microbiome and on cardiovascular health have opened a new path for precision medicine to improve cardiometabolic risk factors. The effects of certain dietary metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide, on cardiometabolic risk factors, along with the changes in the gut microbiome diversity and gene pathways in relation to CVD management, are being explored. Summary In this review, we provide a comprehensive up-to-date overview on established and emerging diets in cardiovascular health. We discuss the effectiveness of various diets and most importantly the approaches to nutritional counseling where traditional and non-traditional approaches are being practiced, helping patients adopt heart healthy diets. We address the limitations to adopting a heart healthy diet regarding food insecurity, poor access, and socioeconomic burden. Lastly, we discuss the need for a multidisciplinary team-based approach, including the role of a nutrition specialist, in implementing culturally-tailored dietary recommendations. Understanding the limitations and finding ways to overcome the barriers in implementing heart-healthy diets will take us miles in the path to CVD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Diab
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Nedda Dastmalchi
- Division of Cardiology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, LA, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Erin D Michos, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Blalock 524-B, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA, Tel +410-502-6813, Email
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Zhen J, Zhou Z, He M, Han HX, Lv EH, Wen PB, Liu X, Wang YT, Cai XC, Tian JQ, Zhang MY, Xiao L, Kang XX. The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085041. [PMID: 36824355 PMCID: PMC9941174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide. Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related to intestinal microecology. Imbalances in intestinal microecology caused by changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota will eventually alter intestinal metabolites, thus transforming the host physiological state from healthy mode to pathological mode. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced from the metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine by intestinal microbiota, and many studies have shown that this important product inhibits cholesterol metabolism, induces platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and promotes atherosclerosis. TMAO is directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs and is an important risk factor affecting the occurrence and even prognosis of CVDs. This review presents the biological and chemical characteristics of TMAO, and the process of TMAO produced by gut microbiota. In particular, the review focuses on summarizing how the increase of gut microbial metabolite TMAO affects CVDs including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and other CVD-related diseases. Understanding the mechanism of how increases in TMAO promotes CVDs will potentially facilitate the identification and development of targeted therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Han
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - En-Hui Lv
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Bo Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun-Chao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Qi Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Xing Kang, ; Lei Xiao,
| | - Xing-Xing Kang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Xing Kang, ; Lei Xiao,
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Liu M, Shi W, Huang Y, Wu Y, Wu K. Intestinal flora: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine to improve lipid metabolism disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134430. [PMID: 36937840 PMCID: PMC10014879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders (LMD) can cause a series of metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Its development is caused by more pathogenic factors, among which intestinal flora dysbiosis is considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of LMD. In recent years, the research on intestinal flora has made great progress, opening up new perspectives on the occurrence and therapeutic effects of diseases. With its complex composition and wide range of targets, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat LMD. This review takes intestinal flora as a target, elaborates on the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of LMD, updates the therapeutic thinking of LMD, and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yefang Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeke Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keming Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rehman A, Tyree SM, Fehlbaum S, DunnGalvin G, Panagos CG, Guy B, Patel S, Dinan TG, Duttaroy AK, Duss R, Steinert RE. A water-soluble tomato extract rich in secondary plant metabolites lowers trimethylamine-n-oxide and modulates gut microbiota: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr 2023; 153:96-105. [PMID: 36913483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products rich in polyphenols have been shown to lower plasma trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO) known for its proatherogenic effects by modulating the intestinal microbiota. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of Fruitflow, a water-soluble tomato extract, on TMAO, fecal microbiota, and plasma and fecal metabolites. METHODS Overweight and obese adults (n = 22, BMI 28-35 kg/m2) were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study receiving 2×150 mg Fruitflow per day or placebo (maltodextrin) for 4 wk with a 6-week wash-out between interventions. Stool, blood, and urine samples were collected to assess changes in plasma TMAO (primary outcome) as well as fecal microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolites, and urine TMAO (secondary outcomes). In a subgroup (n = 9), postprandial TMAO was evaluated following a choline-rich breakfast (∼450 mg). Statistical methods included paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS Fruitflow, but not placebo, reduced fasting levels of plasma (-1.5 μM, P ≤ 0.05) and urine (-19.1 μM, P ≤ 0.01) TMAO as well as plasma lipopolysaccharides (-5.3 ng/mL, P ≤ 0.05) from baseline to the end of intervention. However, these changes were significant only for urine TMAO levels when comparing between the groups (P ≤ 0.05). Changes in microbial beta, but not alpha, diversity paralleled this with a significant difference in Jaccard distance-based Principal Component (P ≤ 0.05) as well as decreases in Bacteroides, Ruminococccus, and Hungatella and increases in Alistipes when comparing between and within groups (P ≤ 0.05, respectively). There were no between-group differences in SCFAs and bile acids (BAs) in both faces and plasma but several changes within groups such as an increase in fecal cholic acid or plasma pyruvate with Fruitflow (P ≤ 0.05, respectively). An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed TMAO as the most discriminant plasma metabolite between groups (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results support earlier findings that polyphenol-rich extracts can lower plasma TMAO in overweight and obese adults related to gut microbiota modulation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04160481 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04160481?term= Fruitflow&draw= 2&rank= 2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bertrand Guy
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- Atlantia Clinical Trials, Cork, Ireland, APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruedi Duss
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Robert E Steinert
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Badran M, Khalyfa A, Ericsson AC, Puech C, McAdams Z, Bender SB, Gozal D. Gut microbiota mediate vascular dysfunction in a murine model of sleep apnoea: effect of probiotics. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2200002. [PMID: 36028255 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00002-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a chronic prevalent condition characterised by intermittent hypoxia (IH), and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery disease (CAD). OSA can induce major changes in gut microbiome diversity and composition, which in turn may induce the emergence of OSA-associated morbidities. However, the causal effects of IH-induced gut microbiome changes on the vasculature remain unexplored. Our objective was to assess if vascular dysfunction induced by IH is mediated through gut microbiome changes. METHODS Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted on C57BL/6J naïve mice for 6 weeks to receive either IH or room air (RA) faecal slurry with or without probiotics (VSL#3). In addition to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of their gut microbiome, FMT recipients underwent arterial blood pressure and coronary artery and aorta function testing, and their trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and plasma acetate levels were determined. Finally, C57BL/6J mice were exposed to IH, IH treated with VSL#3 or RA for 6 weeks, and arterial blood pressure and coronary artery function assessed. RESULTS Gut microbiome taxonomic profiles correctly segregated IH from RA in FMT mice and the normalising effect of probiotics emerged. Furthermore, IH-FMT mice exhibited increased arterial blood pressure and TMAO levels, and impairments in aortic and coronary artery function (p<0.05) that were abrogated by probiotic administration. Lastly, treatment with VSL#3 under IH conditions did not attenuate elevations in arterial blood pressure or CAD. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiome alterations induced by chronic IH underlie, at least partially, the typical cardiovascular disturbances of sleep apnoea and can be mitigated by concurrent administration of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badran
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Clementine Puech
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zachary McAdams
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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50
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Lu XR, Liu XW, Li SH, Qin Z, Bai LX, Ge WB, Li JY, Yang YJ. Untargeted lipidomics and metagenomics reveal the mechanism of aspirin eugenol ester relieving hyperlipidemia in ApoE-/- mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030528. [PMID: 36618709 PMCID: PMC9815714 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is induced by abnormal lipid metabolism, which can cause the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and lead to grievous injury to health. Studies showed that AEE had a significant therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia and is likely to be associated with the up-regulation of cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the key enzyme for cholesterol conversion to bile acids, but no research confirmed whether the effect of AEE on hyperlipidemia was related to the gut microbiota and liver lipids. At the same time, more and more studies have shown that gut microbiota and lipids are closely related to hyperlipidemia. Hence, in this study, we investigated the effects of AEE on liver lipids through LC-MS-based untargeted lipidomics and the effects of AEE on gut microbiota based on cecal contents metagenomics by Illumina sequencing in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice at the overall level. The results of lipidomics showed that AEE relieved hyperlipidemia by decreasing the concentration of 10 PEs and 12 SMs in the liver and regulating the pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway, sphingolipid signaling pathway, and NF-kB signaling pathway. The results of metagenomics concluded that AEE treatment changed the composition of gut microbiota and regulated the functions of lipid transport and metabolism, as well as the metabolism of bile acids and secondary bile acids. The results of the joint analysis between lipidomics and metagenomics showed that the abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Verrucomicrobiales, Candidatus_Gastranaerophilales, and Candidatus_Melainabacteria was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of SM (d18:1/18:0) and PE (16:0/18:1) in the process of AEE alleviating hyperlipidemia in mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that the effect of AEE on hyperlipidemia was closely related to the gut microbiota by the change of bile acids and liver lipids.
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