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Ortega RM, Arribas-López N, Salas-González MD, Aparicio A, González-Rodríguez LG, Bermejo LM, Lozano-Estevan MDC, Cuadrado-Soto E, López-Sobaler AM, Loria-Kohen V. High-Protein Processed Foods: Impact on Diet, Nutritional Status, and Possible Effects on Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:1697. [PMID: 38892630 PMCID: PMC11174509 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are macronutrients with multiple health benefits, but excessive consumption can negatively affect health. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a sample of high-protein processed foods (HPPFs), describe how their consumption affects dietary balance, and acquire knowledge of the consumption patterns of these products in a Spanish population. A sample of HPPFs available in supermarkets and on websites was collected. The contribution to recommended protein intakes was calculated using national and international references and considering the single consumption of the HPPFs and the product plus 150 g of meat. Furthermore, an online survey was conducted among a convenience sample. A total of 36 enriched protein products were evaluated. The percentage of proteins in these products ranges from 10 to 88%. The contribution of the protein recommended intake was within a range of 87.4-306.6% and 66.4-232.8% (women and men, respectively), only considering the additional proteins from 150 g of meat. One hundred thirty-nine participants completed the survey; 67.6% affirmed that they had consumed HPPFs, and half consumed them without following any consumption control. Since these products are accessible to everyone in supermarkets and protein intake is generally higher than the recommended limits, regulating the mass sale of HPPFs is essential to ensure they do not lead to protein overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Arribas-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
| | - María Dolores Salas-González
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Guadalupe González-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Lozano-Estevan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Cuadrado-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Craig WJ, Messina V, Rowland I, Frankowska A, Bradbury J, Smetana S, Medici E. Plant-Based Dairy Alternatives Contribute to a Healthy and Sustainable Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:3393. [PMID: 37571331 PMCID: PMC10421454 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods are increasing in popularity as more and more people are concerned about personal and planetary health. The consumption of plant-based dairy alternatives (PBDAs) has assumed a more significant dietary role in populations shifting to more sustainable eating habits. Plant-based drinks (PBDs) made from soya and other legumes have ample protein levels. PBDs that are appropriately fortified have adequate levels of important vitamins and minerals comparable to dairy milk. For the PBDs examined, the greenhouse gas emissions were diminished by 59-71% per 250 mL, and the land use and eutrophication impact was markedly less than the levels displayed by dairy milk. The water usage for the oat and soya drinks, but not rice drinks, was substantially lower compared to dairy milk. When one substitutes the 250 mL serving of dairy milk allowed within the EAT Lancet Planetary Health Diet for a fortified plant-based drink, we found that the nutritional status is not compromised but the environmental footprint is reduced. Combining a nutrient density score with an environmental index can easily lead to a misclassification of food when the full nutrition profile is not utilized or only a selection of environmental factors is used. Many PBDAs have been categorized as ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Such a classification, with the implied adverse nutritional and health associations, is inconsistent with current findings regarding the nutritional quality of such products and may discourage people from transitioning to a plant-based diet with its health and environmental advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J Craig
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 93254, USA
| | - Virginia Messina
- Nutrition Consultant, Nutrition Matters, Inc., Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DH, UK
| | - Angelina Frankowska
- Independent Research Consultant, Environmental Sustainability Assessment, Bedford MK45 4BX, UK
| | - Jane Bradbury
- School of Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
| | - Sergiy Smetana
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.v.), 49610 Quakenbrueck, Germany
| | - Elphee Medici
- Nutrition & Sustainable Diets Consultant, Nutrilicious Ltd., London N2 0EF, UK
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Reyes-Domínguez AI, Bernabeu-Sendra J, Rodríguez-Sinovas C, Santamaria-Orleans A, de Castellar-Sanso R, Martinez-Perez J. Post-Pandemic Feeding Patterns and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Spanish Toddlers. Nutrients 2023; 15:2049. [PMID: 37432177 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, feeding patterns, more specifically those of children, have worsened-affecting dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence. Here, we examine the post-pandemic feeding habits of Spanish toddlers. A total of 2465 parents of children aged between 12 and 36 months completed an online 25-item multiple-choice survey asking about dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence. Only 34 children (1.38%) had an adequate intake of all of the food groups included in the questionnaire. Adherence worsened as toddlers grew (p < 0.0001). Further, lower compliance was found in children with a higher intake of fast food (p < 0.001), those with siblings (p = 0.0045), and children who were the second or third child (p = 0.0005). The food group with the most commonly reported adequate intake was fish (88% of children), followed by pulses (80%), water (79%), and meat (78%). Cow's milk was the most commonly consumed dairy product among all age groups analyzed. Half of the children exhibited a low consumption of milk and dairy products. These results showed that a lack of adherence to a balanced diet is common among Spanish toddlers in the post-pandemic period and that greater parent education could improve the nutrition of toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Reyes-Domínguez
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Martinez-Perez
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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Tabata F, Wada Y, Shibasaki T, Kawakami S, Inubashiri M, Hosaka M, Noshiro K, Umazume T, Miyaji K. A lower ratio of reduced to total albumin in serum is associated with protein nutritional status of pregnant women in Japan. Nutr Res 2023; 114:1-12. [PMID: 37079948 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-energy undernutrition is potentially prevalent among Japanese pregnant women, and biomarkers that objectively indicate the protein nutritional status during pregnancy may help in implementing appropriate protein supplementation to these women. We hypothesized that a serum parameter of pregnant women, the ratio of reduced to total albumin (reduced ALB ratio), would be associated with protein intake during pregnancy. The serum reduced ALB ratio of pregnant women was compared with protein intake and with gestation outcomes (gestation length and infant birth weight) in an observational study of 115 Japanese pregnant women. The serum reduced ALB ratio in the third trimester tended to be positively correlated with gestation length (P = .07). Infant birth weights tended to be different between protein intake tertiles (P = .09); the mean infant birth weight was higher in the third tertile compared with the first and second tertiles. The protein intake of pregnant women was significantly and positively correlated with the serum reduced ALB ratio in the second trimester. The serum reduced ALB ratio reflects protein nutritional status during pregnancy and may contribute to healthier gestation outcomes.
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Vostrikova SA, Penkina NI, Ivanova MA. Quality of life in children with atopic dermatitis aged 13–17 years. ROSSIYSKIY VESTNIK PERINATOLOGII I PEDIATRII (RUSSIAN BULLETIN OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS) 2023. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-6-83-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. To study the quality of life of children aged 13–17 years with atopic dermatitis, depending on the sex of the child, the severity of the disease.Material and methods. 350 children aged 13–17 with atopic dermatitis (observation group) and 350 children of the same age of I– II health groups, without allergic diseases (comparison group) were examined. The quality of life of children and their parents was studied using a general questionnaire, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory — PedsQL™4.0 (Varni J. et al., USA, 2001).Results. The quality of life of children with atopic dermatitis aged 13–17 years is reduced in all respects in comparison with their healthy peers. Atopic dermatitis had the greatest negative impact on such areas of the child’s life as emotional, school, and social functioning. The quality of life in children aged 13–17 years with severe cases of atopic dermatitis was significantly more impaired in girls, compared with boys. Parents rated the quality of life of their children higher than the children themselves.Conclusion. A significant decrease in emotional, school, and social functioning in the structure of the components of the quality of life of children aged 13–17 years with atopic dermatitis indicates the need for timely diagnosis of these disorders and their correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Vostrikova
- Republican Medical College named after the Hero of the Soviet Union F.A. Pushina
| | | | - M. A. Ivanova
- Central Research Institute for the Organization and Informatization of Healthcare
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Adherence to Dietary Recommendations of 7-Year-Old Children from a Birth Cohort in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030515. [PMID: 35276874 PMCID: PMC8838727 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Few Italian and European studies have assessed adherence to dietary recommendations in primary school children using dietary records. No Italian studies have provided an index-based nutritional adequacy assessment. We provided a comprehensive overview of dietary intake in 381 7-year-old children from NAC-II cohort study, Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). Energy, macro-, and micronutrient intakes were derived from 3-day dietary records. Standard (median and percentage) and index-based (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR)) approaches were used to evaluate adequacy to Italian dietary reference values at nutrient- and overall-diet-level. Percentage contribution of macronutrients to energy intake (%En) was unbalanced towards total fats and protein. In 25% of children, total fats intake exceeded the reference intake upper limit. In ~63% of children, protein intake was at least doubled in their child-specific population reference intake. Median intakes of sodium (1.7 g/day), saturated fatty acids (12.2 %En), and soluble carbohydrates (19.4 %En) exceeded the suggested dietary target in most (65–84%) children. Inadequacy was also observed for micronutrients, with median NARs ranging from 0.11 (vitamin D) to 0.90 (zinc). The median MAR was 0.75 (0.69–0.79), with 1 indicating optimal overall dietary intake. In conclusion, the enrolled children showed suboptimal intakes of several macro- and micronutrients, in line with Italian and European studies on primary school children. Based on the current findings, public health interventions may be targeted to specific nutrients or subpopulations.
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Chouraqui JP, Darmaun D, Salmon-Legagneur A, Shamir R. Protein intake pattern in non-breastfed infants and toddlers: A survey in a nationally representative sample of French children. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:269-278. [PMID: 34998033 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Protein intake plays a key role in infants and children's growth, but high protein intake may have adverse long-term effects. Data on actual intakes in various populations are scarce. The aims of this study were (i) to assess daily protein intake (DPI) in non-breastfed infants and children aged 0.5-35 months in comparison with the population reference intake (PRI) set by the European Food Safety Authority, and to examine (ii) the various sources of this intake and their consumption patterns, and (iii) time-related changes in DPI over the last 4 decades. METHODS Data from the Nutri-Bébé cross-sectional survey were used to assess DPI, DPI/kg BW and the protein-energy ratio (E%) by age group. The amounts and quality of each food consumed were recorded over three non-consecutive days and validated by two face-to-face interviews. RESULTS Overall, this study included 1035 children. Median DPI were consistently above the PRI, reaching 4 times PRI in the older toddlers (41.4 g/d; range 15.1-64.0). Regardless of age, more than 95% of children had a DPI/kg BW above the PRI. Protein intake remained below 14 E% until 6 months of age and increased thereafter from 10% to 75% in children older than one year. Overall, DPI gradually decreased from 1981 to 2013. Milk and dairy products were the main contributors to DPI up to 2 years, while the share of other animal sources became predominant later. Plant contribution remained below 25% of DPI. CONCLUSION Despite a gradual decrease over the last few decades, DPI have remained well above the PRI. As the predominant contributors to these intakes are animal sources, the potential long term health consequences of such high intake deserve consideration. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT03327415 on ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Chouraqui
- Paediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Division of Pediatrics, Woman, Mother and Child Department, Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Dominique Darmaun
- Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, UMR 1280, (PhAN), & Nutrition Support Team, University Hospital, Nantes, France.
| | - Aurée Salmon-Legagneur
- CREDOC (Centre de Recherche pour L'Étude et L'Observation des Conditions de Vie), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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