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Garcia-Vilanova A, Allué-Guardia A, Chacon NM, Akhter A, Singh DK, Kaushal D, Restrepo BI, Schlesinger LS, Turner J, Weintraub ST, Torrelles JB. Proteomic analysis of lung responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in aged non-human primates: clinical and research relevance. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01264-3. [PMID: 38969861 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
With devastating health and socioeconomic impact worldwide, much work is left to understand the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with emphasis in the severely affected elderly population. Here, we present a proteomics study of lung tissue obtained from aged vs. young rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and olive baboons (Papio Anubis) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Using age as a variable, we identified common proteomic profiles in the lungs of aged infected non-human primates (NHPs), including key regulators of immune function, as well as cell and tissue remodeling, and discuss the potential clinical relevance of such parameters. Further, we identified key differences in proteomic profiles between both NHP species, and compared those to what is known about SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Finally, we explored the translatability of these animal models in the context of aging and the human presentation of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Garcia-Vilanova
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Nadine M Chacon
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anwari Akhter
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Blanca I Restrepo
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health, Host Pathogen Interactions, and Disease Prevention and Intervention Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Mbata MK, Hunziker M, Makhdoomi A, Lüthi-Corridori G, Boesing M, Giezendanner S, Muser J, Leuppi-Taegtmeyer AB, Leuppi JD. Is Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level Associated with Severity of COVID-19? A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5520. [PMID: 37685586 PMCID: PMC10488373 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: SARS-COV2 infection has a clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection to COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although vitamin D deficiency is often found in patients with ARDS, its role in COVID-19 is not clear. The aim of this study was to explore a possible association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients. (2) Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we analysed data from 763 patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021. Patients were included in the study if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was assessed 30 days before or after hospital admission. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as <50 nmol/L (<20 ng/mL). The primary outcome was COVID-19 severity. (3) Results: The overall median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 54 nmol/L (IQR 35-76); 47% of the patients were vitamin D deficient. Most patients had mild to moderate COVID-19 and no differences were observed between vitamin D deficient and non-deficient patients (81% vs. 84% of patients, respectively p = 0.829). (4) Conclusion: No association was found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity in this large observational study conducted over 2 years of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munachimso Kizito Mbata
- Cantonal Hospital Baselland, University Center of Internal Medicine, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mireille Hunziker
- Cantonal Hospital Baselland, University Center of Internal Medicine, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
- Center for Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Gemeindeholzweg, 4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Anja Makhdoomi
- Cantonal Hospital Baselland, University Center of Internal Medicine, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Lüthi-Corridori
- Cantonal Hospital Baselland, University Center of Internal Medicine, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Boesing
- Cantonal Hospital Baselland, University Center of Internal Medicine, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Giezendanner
- Cantonal Hospital Baselland, University Center of Internal Medicine, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Muser
- Central Laboratories, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Anne B. Leuppi-Taegtmeyer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Hospital Pharmacy, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
- Department of Patient Safety, Medical Directorate, University Hospital Basel, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D. Leuppi
- Cantonal Hospital Baselland, University Center of Internal Medicine, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Luu B, Wijesinghe S, Kassem T, Lien J, Luu D, Wijesinghe R, Luu L, Kayingo G. Drugs in primary care that may alter COVID-19 risk and severity. JAAPA 2023; 36:28-33. [PMID: 37097779 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000918768.11544.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This article describes drugs used in primary care that could alter patients' risk for and severity of COVID-19. The risks and benefits of each drug class were differentiated according to the strength of evidence from 58 selected randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Most of the studies reported on drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Other classes included opioids, acid suppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, vitamins, biguanides, and statins. Current evidence has not fully differentiated drugs that may increase risk versus benefits in COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Luu
- Brent Luu is an associate clinical professor at the University of California Davis's Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing in Sacramento, Calif. Sampath Wijesinghe is a clinical assistant professor in the PA program at Stanford (Calif.) University. Tarek Kassem is an assistant professor at California Northstate University in Elk Grove, Calif. Justin Lien is a student at Western University's College of Osteopathic Medicine in Pomona, Calif. Darrick Luu is a student at California Northstate University College of Health Science in Rancho Cordova, Calif. Rynee Wijesinghe is a student at California State University in Fresno, Calif. Leianna Luu is a student at the University of California Riverside. Gerald Kayingo is assistant dean, executive director, and professor in the Physician Assistant Leadership and Learning Academy at the University of Maryland Baltimore. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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4
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Abroug H, Maatouk A, Bennasrallah C, Dhouib W, Ben Fredj M, Zemni I, Kacem M, Mhalla S, Nouira S, Ben Belgacem M, Nasri A, Klii R, Loussaief C, Ben Alya N, Bouanene I, Belguith Sriha A. Effect of vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on recovery delay among COVID-19 Tunisian patients: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:123. [PMID: 36803273 PMCID: PMC9940050 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to determine the impact of vitamin D supplementation (VDs) on recovery delay among COVID-19 patients. METHODS We performed a randomized controlled clinical trial at the national COVID-19 containment center in Monastir (Tunisia), from May to August 2020. Simple randomization was done in a 1:1 allocation ratio. We included patients aged more than 18 years who had confirmed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and who remained positive on the 14th day. The intervention group received VDs (200,000 IU/1 ml of cholecalciferol); the control group received a placebo treatment (physiological saline (1 ml)). We measured the recovery delay and the cycle threshold (Ct) values in RT-PCR for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The log-rank test and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 117 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 42.7 years (SD 14). Males represented 55.6%. The median duration of viral RNA conversion was 37 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 29-45.50) in the intervention group and 28 days (95% CI: 23-39) in the placebo group (p=0.010). HR was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.09-2.29, p=0.015). Ct values revealed a stable trend over time in both groups. CONCLUSION VDs was not associated with a shortened recovery delay when given to patients for whom the RT-PCR remained positive on the 14th day. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Human Subjects Protection Tunisia center (TN2020-NAT-INS-40) on April 28, 2020, and by ClinicalTrial.gov on May 12, 2021 with approval number ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04883203 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Abroug
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. .,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. .,Research LaboratoryTechnology and Medical Imaging - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Amani Maatouk
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Bennasrallah
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Dhouib
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Fredj
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Research LaboratoryTechnology and Medical Imaging - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Zemni
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Research LaboratoryTechnology and Medical Imaging - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Kacem
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salma Mhalla
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Nouira
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Belgacem
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Family Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Nasri
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Family Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Klii
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Internal Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chawki Loussaief
- grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Ines Bouanene
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Belguith Sriha
- grid.420157.5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia ,grid.411838.70000 0004 0593 5040Research LaboratoryTechnology and Medical Imaging - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Zaazouee MS, Eleisawy M, Abdalalaziz AM, Elhady MM, Ali OA, Abdelbari TM, Hasan SM, Almadhoon HW, Ahmed AY, Fassad AS, Elgendy R, Abdel-Baset EA, Elsayed HA, Elsnhory AB, Abdraboh AB, Faragalla HM, Elshanbary AA, Kensara OA, Abdel-Daim MM. Hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who received vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:607-620. [PMID: 36508011 PMCID: PMC9743115 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide-ranging spectrum of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic/mild to severe. Recent research indicates that, among several factors, a low vitamin D level is a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19.Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and clinicaltrials.gov were searched until July 2022, using relevant keywords/Mesh terms. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that addressed the topic were included. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the studies' risk of bias, and the data were analyzed using the review manager (RevMan 5.4).We included nine RCTs with 1586 confirmed COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D group showed a significant reduction of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (risk ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.41, 0.84], P = 0.003), and higher change in vitamin D level (standardized mean difference = 2.27, 95% CI [2.08, 2.47], P < 0.00001) compared to the control group. Other studied hospital and laboratory outcomes showed non-significant difference between vitamin D and the control group (P ≥ 0.05).In conclusion, vitamin D reduced the risk of ICU admission and showed superiority in changing vitamin D level compared to the control group. However, other outcomes showed no difference between the two groups. More RCTs are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Eleisawy
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amira M. Abdalalaziz
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Elhady
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Omar Adel Ali
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sara Mohamed Hasan
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Faculty of Medicine, Al‐Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hossam Waleed Almadhoon
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alaa Yehia Ahmed
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa Shaban Fassad
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rewan Elgendy
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Hamis A. Elsayed
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Bahaaeldin Abdraboh
- grid.440876.90000 0004 0377 3957Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Ahmed Elshanbary
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Osama A. Kensara
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.33003.330000 0000 9889 5690Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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6
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Abstract
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, acts in the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in its active form (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D). It may help prevent and treat autoimmune diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes has become a significant global health issue with a rising incidence and prevalence. A recent focus has been on vitamin D supplementation as part of efforts to discover novel ways to prevent and treat diabetes. Most evidence points to the vitamin D receptors (VDRS) gene in both types of diabetes. The main objective of this study is to analyze how vitamin D affects both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this literature review, we searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to collect related articles from 13 papers of different study designs. We found a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and type 1 and type 2 diabetes development. It has been shown that vitamin D supplements have a promising effect in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 1 diabetes, with no significant impact on the incidence or improvement of type 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes and people at high risk of diabetes need the appropriate amount of vitamin D; therefore, regular testing and vitamin D supplementation are advised for the management and prevention of diabetes. Additional randomized studies with bigger sample sizes and longer-term trials are required to fully explore the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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7
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Povaliaeva A, Bogdanov V, Pigarova E, Dzeranova L, Katamadze N, Malysheva N, Ioutsi V, Nikankina L, Rozhinskaya L, Mokrysheva N. Impaired Vitamin D Metabolism in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080906. [PMID: 35893730 PMCID: PMC9330123 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing data regarding the association between vitamin D and COVID-19. This study aimed to reveal the alterations of vitamin D metabolism in the setting of COVID-19. We examined 119 adult COVID-19 inpatients and 44 apparently healthy adult individuals with similar serum 25OH-D3 levels as a reference group. The assessment included serum biochemical parameters (total calcium, albumin, phosphorus, creatinine), parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), vitamin D metabolites (25OH-D3, 25OH-D2, 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-epi-25OH-D3, 24,25(OH)2D3 and D3) and free 25OH-D. COVID-19 patients had in general very low vitamin D levels (median 25OH-D3 equals 10.8 ng/mL), accompanied by an increased production of the active vitamin D metabolite (1,25(OH)2D3), estimated as higher 1,25(OH)2D3 serum levels (61 [44; 81] vs. 40 [35; 50] pg/mL, p < 0.001) and lower 25OH-D3/1,25(OH)2D3 ratio (175 [112; 260] vs. 272 [200; 433], p < 0.001) which is presumably aimed at preventing hypocalcemia. Patients with COVID-19 also had elevated DBP (450 [386; 515] vs. 392 [311; 433] mg/L, p < 0.001) and low free 25OH-D levels (<LoB vs. 3.9 [3.2; 4.4] pg/mL, p < 0.001). Follow-up assessment of the COVID-19 inpatients showed recovery of the observed changes. Overall, hospitalized patients with an acute course of COVID-19 have not only very low levels of 25OH-D but also profound abnormalities in the metabolism of vitamin D regardless of the clinical course of the disease. These alterations might exacerbate existing vitamin D deficiency and its negative impact.
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the mechanisms by which vitamin D and its metabolites regulate the immune system to facilitate the ability of the body to prevent and/or treat SARS-CoV2 and other respiratory infections and encourage further research into the role that vitamin D supplementation plays in preventing/treating such infections. RECENT FINDINGS Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV2 and other respiratory infections. Clinical trials in general demonstrate that correction of vitamin D deficiency reduces the risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, and death from SARS-CoV2 infection. The airway epithelium and alveolar macrophages express the enzyme, CYP27B1, that produces the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, and the vitamin D receptor, VDR. Vitamin D and its metabolites promote the innate immune response, which provides the first line of defense against viral and bacterial infections while restricting the adaptive immune response, which if unchecked promotes the inflammatory response leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. The rationale for treating vitamin D deficiency to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection and supplementing patients with vitamin D early in the course of SARS-CoV2 infection rests primarily on the ability of vitamin D metabolites to promote an effective immune response to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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9
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Efird JT, Anderson E, Jindal C, Suzuki A. Interaction of Vitamin D and Corticosteroid Use in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Potential Explanation for Inconsistent Findings in the Literature. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1695-1702. [PMID: 35440302 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220418132847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important immune-modulator with anti-inflammatory properties. While this prohormone has been studied extensively in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, findings have been inconsistent regarding its overall benefit in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Most studies to date have been observational in nature, not accounting for the use of corticosteroids. Furthermore, the few randomized clinical trials designed to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 outcomes have been relatively small and thus insufficiently powered to assure a balance of corticosteroid use between study arms. The current perspective addresses the interaction of vitamin D and corticosteroids as a potential explanation for the divergent results reported in the literature. Future research on vitamin D and COVID-19 will benefit by considering this interaction, especially among hospitalized patients requiring oxygen and mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy T Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham (Duke) VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | | | - Charulata Jindal
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham (Duke) VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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10
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Abstract
Covid-19 has to date infected a confirmed 275 million people with 5.4 million, now dead, with the count rising every day. Although the virus, SARS-CoV2, causing Covid-19 infects many cells in the body, its infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract (upper airway epithelia and pulmonary alveolar pneumocytes and macrophages) causing what is now called a cytokine storm in the lungs is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. This results from a dysregulation of the innate immune system with an outpouring of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines leading to abnormal activation of the adaptive immune pathway. Airway epithelia constitutively expresses CYP27B1, the enzyme producing the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25(OH)2D, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) for which 1,25(OH)2D is the ligand. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages, on the other hand, are induced to express both CYP27B1 and VDR by various pathogens including viruses and cytokines released from infected epithelia and other immune cells. Although not demonstrated for corona viruses like SARS-CoV2, for other viruses and other respiratory pathogens activation of innate immunity leading to increased local 1,25(OH)2D production has been shown to enhance viral neutralization and clearance while modulating the subsequent proinflammatory response. Whether such will be the case for SARS-CoV2 remains to be seen, but is currently being proposed and investigated. This mini review will discuss some of the mechanisms by which vitamin D may help reduce morbidity and mortality in this devastating pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street (111N), San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
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11
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Gibson J. Widespread Public Misunderstanding of Pivotal Trials for COVID-19 Vaccines May Damage Public Confidence in All Vaccines. Front Public Health 2022; 10:847658. [PMID: 35359756 PMCID: PMC8961800 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.847658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Gibson
- Department of Economics, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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12
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Therapeutic Vitamin D Supplementation Following COVID-19 Diagnosis: Where Do We Stand?—A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030419. [PMID: 35330419 PMCID: PMC8950116 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has known immunomodulatory activity and multiple indications exist supporting its potential use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the setting of the current pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the efficacy of vitamin D administered to adult patients following COVID-19 diagnosis in terms of length of hospital stay, intubation, ICU admission and mortality rates. Therefore, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for original articles referring to the aforementioned parameters. Of the 1376 identified studies, eleven were finally included. Vitamin D supplements, and especially calcifediol, were shown to be useful in significantly reducing ICU admissions and/or mortality in four of the studies, but not in diminishing the duration of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients. Due to the large variation in vitamin D supplementation schemes no absolute conclusions can be drawn until larger randomized controlled trials are completed. However, calcifediol administered to COVID-19 patients upon diagnosis represents by far the most promising agent and should be the focus of upcoming research efforts.
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13
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Giannini S, Giusti A, Minisola S, Napoli N, Passeri G, Rossini M, Sinigaglia L. The Immunologic Profile of Vitamin D and Its Role in Different Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Expert Opinion. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030473. [PMID: 35276834 PMCID: PMC8838062 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, vitamin D is recognized as an essential component for the maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. The immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in health and disease has gained much interest in recent years due to the many pathologies that share underlying immunological features where vitamin D has been shown to exert a potential role. Evidence from pre-clinical studies show that vitamin D elicits biological effects on both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Furthermore, in vivo studies have shown that administration of vitamin D can lead to changes in or the development of a range of immune-related diseases. This encourages the hypothesis that data derived from clinical and epidemiological studies connect vitamin D with the incidence and severity of many immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and infectious diseases. Since some other immune-mediated diseases share similar features to that of viral infection such as COVID-19, in this review, we examined these other areas and the role of vitamin D in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Giannini
- Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212169
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Metabolic Bone Disease Unit & Fracture Liaison Service, Department of Medical Specialties, Regional Health Trust 3, 16125 Genova, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Unit of Clinica e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Rossini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luigi Sinigaglia
- Division of Rheumatology, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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14
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Efird JT, Anderson EJ, Jindal C, Redding TS, Thompson AD, Press AM, Upchurch J, Williams CD, Choi YM, Suzuki A. The Interaction of Vitamin D and Corticosteroids: A Mortality Analysis of 26,508 Veterans Who Tested Positive for SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:447. [PMID: 35010701 PMCID: PMC8744830 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This data-based cohort consisted of 26,508 (7%) United States veterans out of the 399,290 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from 1 March to 10 September 2020. We aimed to assess the interaction of post-index vitamin D (Vit D) and corticosteroid (CRT) use on 30-day mortality among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Combination Vit D and CRT drug use was assessed according to four multinomial pairs (-|+, -|-, +|+, +|-). Respective categorical effects were computed on a log-binomial scale as adjusted relative risk (aRR). Approximately 6% of veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 died within 30 days of their index date. Among hospitalized patients, a significantly decreased aRR was observed for the use of Vit D in the absence of CRTs relative to patients who received CRTs but not Vit D (aRR = 0.30; multiplicity corrected, p = 0.0004). Among patients receiving systemically administered CRTs (e.g., dexamethasone), the use of Vit D was associated with fewer deaths in hospitalized patients (aRR = 0.51) compared with non-hospitalized patients (aRR = 2.5) (P-for-Interaction = 0.0071). Evaluating the effect of modification of these compounds in the context of hospitalization may aid in the management of COVID-19 and provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this and future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy T. Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Charulata Jindal
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Thomas S. Redding
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrew D. Thompson
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Ashlyn M. Press
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Julie Upchurch
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Christina D. Williams
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Ayako Suzuki
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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15
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Vitamin D Immune-Mediated Responses and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Implications in COVID-19. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Active vitamin D is a true steroid hormone with pleiotropic biological effects that go beyond the classical concept of bone metabolism regulation. In fact, adequate serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (>40 ng/mL) are required to support several biological functions, including the control of innate and adaptive immunity in course of infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and deficient/insufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are reported in very large cohorts of patients. Of note, vitamin D is involved in different pathophysiological processes, such as expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor (ACE2), activation of innate (neutrophils with their extracellular traps, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells) and adaptive (T and B lymphocytes) immune cells and clinical manifestations, such as coagulation/thrombotic disorders and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Randomized clinical trials regarding vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 patients have shown favorable effects on the control of inflammation markers, arterial oxygen saturation/inspired fraction of oxygen ratio, admission to hospital intensive care units and mortality. A target of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D > 50 ng/mL has been identified as protective for the course of COVID-19, potentially playing an ancillary role in the treatment of the disease.
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16
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Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Antibody Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Healthy Adults. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111714. [PMID: 34829945 PMCID: PMC8615783 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response to vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines varies greatly from person to person. In addition to age, there is evidence that certain micronutrients influence the immune system, particularly vitamin D. Here, we analysed SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralisation potency along with 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] concentrations in a cohort of healthy German adults from the time of vaccination over 24 weeks. Contrary to our expectations, no significant differences were found in the dynamic increase or decrease of SARS-CoV-2 IgG as a function of the 25(OH)D status. Furthermore, the response to the first or second vaccination, the maximum SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations achieved, and the decline in SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations over time were not related to 25(OH)D status. We conclude that the vaccination response, measured as SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentration, does not depend on 25(OH)D status in healthy adults with moderate vitamin D status.
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17
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Arroyo-Díaz JA, Julve J, Vlacho B, Corcoy R, Ponte P, Román E, Navas-Méndez E, Llauradó G, Franch-Nadal J, Domingo P, Mauricio D. Previous Vitamin D Supplementation and Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes in People Hospitalised for COVID19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:758347. [PMID: 34631653 PMCID: PMC8498099 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.758347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study aim was to assess the association of vitamin D supplementation before hospital admission and severe outcomes in subjects admitted for COVID-19. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of pseudonymised medical record data from subjects admitted to the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona, Spain) for COVID-19 during March and April 2020. The composite primary study outcome was defined as death and/or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Association between risk factors and study outcomes was evaluated by bivariate analysis, followed by logistic regression analysis. Results: In total, 1,267 persons were hospitalised during the observation period. Overall, 14.9% of the subjects were on active vitamin D supplementation treatment before admission. The subjects in the vitamin D group were significantly older than subjects without vitamin D supplementation. We observed higher rates of the primary outcome (death and/or IMV) among the persons with previous use of vitamin D (30.1 vs. 22.9% in those not receiving treatment). In the bivariate analysis, previous use of vitamin D was positively associated with death and/or IMV [odds ratio (OR): 1.45 95% CI: 1.03; 2.04]; however, after adjustment for other risk factors this association disappeared (OR: 1.09 95%CI: 0.65; 1.81). Conclusion: We did not find an association between vitamin D supplementation before hospital admission and death and/or IMV in subjects admitted for COVID-19. The age and the burden of age-associated comorbidities were independently associated with the in-hospital events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Arroyo-Díaz
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bogdan Vlacho
- Diabetis des de l'Atenció Primària (DAP)-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, University Institute for Primary Care Research (Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Corcoy
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Ponte
- Department of Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Román
- Department of Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Navas-Méndez
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, University Institute for Primary Care Research (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Llauradó
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Diabetis des de l'Atenció Primària (DAP)-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, University Institute for Primary Care Research (Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Primary Health Care Center Raval Sud, Gerència d'Atenció Primaria, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Domingo
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Diabetis des de l'Atenció Primària (DAP)-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, University Institute for Primary Care Research (Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament of Medicine, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Rawat D, Roy A, Maitra S, Shankar V, Khanna P, Baidya DK. "Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102189. [PMID: 34217144 PMCID: PMC8236412 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin-D is an immune-modulator which might be linked to disease severity by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Meta-analysis of RCTs and quasi-experimental studies, evaluating the role of vitamin-D supplementation in COVID patients was done. RESULTS Total 5 studies (3 RCTs and 2 Quasi-experimental) including n = 467 patients were included. Vitamin D didn't reduce mortality (RR 0.55, 95%CI 0.22 to 1.39, p = 0.21), ICU admission rates (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.01-4.26, p = 0.3) and need for invasive ventilation (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.01-7.89, p = 0.42). CONCLUSION No significant difference with vitamin-D supplementation on major health related outcomes in COVID-19. Well-designed RCTs are required addressing this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Rawat
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Avishek Roy
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Souvik Maitra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vivek Shankar
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Puneet Khanna
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Dalim Kumar Baidya
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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19
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Oh S, Chun S, Hwang S, Kim J, Cho Y, Lee J, Kwack K, Choi SW. Vitamin D and Exercise Are Major Determinants of Natural Killer Cell Activity, Which Is Age- and Gender-Specific. Front Immunol 2021; 12:594356. [PMID: 34248925 PMCID: PMC8261050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.594356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic reminds us of the importance of immune function, even in immunologically normal individuals. Multiple lifestyle factors are known to influence the immune function. Objective The aim was to investigate the association between NK cell activity (NKA) and multiple factors including vitamin D, physical exercise, age, and gender. Methods This was a cross-sectional association study using health check-up and NKA data of 2,095 subjects collected from 2016 to 2018 in a health check-up center in the Republic of Korea. NKA was measured using the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation method. The association of NKA with 25-(OH)-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and other factors was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The average age of subjects was 48.8 ± 11.6 years (52.9% of subjects were female). Among 2,095 subjects, 1,427 had normal NKA (NKA ≥ 500 pg IFN-γ/mL), while 506 had low NKA (100 ≤ NKA < 500 pg/mL), and 162 subjects had very low NKA (NKA < 100 pg/mL). Compared to men with low 25(OH)D serum level (< 20 ng/mL), vitamin D replete men (30–39.9 ng/mL) had significantly lower risk of very low NKA (OR: 0.358; 95% CI: 0.138, 0.929; P = 0.035). In women, both low exercise (OR: 0.529; 95% CI: 0.299, 0.939; P = 0.030) and medium to high exercise (OR: 0.522; 95% CI: 0.277, 0.981; P = 0.043) decreased the risk compared to lack of physical exercise. Interestingly, in men and women older than 60 years, physical exercise significantly decreased the risk. Older-age was associated with increased risk of very low NKA in men, but not in women. Conclusion Physical exercise and vitamin D were associated with NKA in a gender- and age-dependent manner. Age was a major risk factor of very low NKA in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Oh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sukyung Chun
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sena Hwang
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongseok Kim
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jooho Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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