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Śliwiński W, Gawlik-Kotelnicka O. Circulating B vitamins metabolites in depressive disorders - connections with the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Behav Brain Res 2024; 472:115145. [PMID: 38992845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this review, we aim to summarize recent information about the association of B vitamins with immune-metabolic aspects of depression and their connection with the gut-brain axis. VIEWS B vitamins may alter depressive symptoms by many various mechanisms such as reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, gut permeability, controlling epigenetics, modifying the microbiome, and stimulating it to produce many beneficial substances such as short-chain fatty acids or neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and acetylcholine. CONCLUSIONS Specifically, vitamins B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folate), and B12 (cyanocobalamin), B2 (riboflavin) have been observed to affect depression. Given probiotic's capability to produce vitamins from the B group, and modify intestinal function, inflammation, or metabolic dysfunction, their supplementation might be a possible treatment method for the immunometabolic form of depression. Thus, the intake of certain probiotic bacterial strains simultaneously with controlling the required daily intake of B vitamins may positively affect the course of depression. Circulating B vitamins metabolite levels, especially B9, B12, and B6 may also be biomarkers of depression. Further investigation is needed to find stronger evidence on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Śliwiński
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-216, Poland.
| | - Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-216, Poland.
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2
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Ferreira H, Duarte D, Carneiro TJ, Costa C, Barbosa JC, Rodrigues JE, Alves P, Vasconcelos M, Pinto E, Gomes A, Gil AM. Impact of a legumes diet on the human gut microbiome articulated with fecal and plasma metabolomes: A pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:332-345. [PMID: 38964655 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Legumes intake is known to be associated with several health benefits the origins of which is still a matter of debate. This paper addresses a pilot small cohort to probe for metabolic aspects of the interplay between legumes intake, human metabolism and gut microbiota. METHODS Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics of blood plasma and fecal extracts was carried out, in tandem with qPCR analysis of feces, to assess the impact of an 8-week pilot legumes diet intervention on the fecal and plasma metabolomes and gut microbiota of 19 subjects. RESULTS While the high inter-individual variability hindered the detection of statistically significant changes in the gut microbiome, increased fecal glucose and decreased threonine levels were noted. Correlation analysis between the microbiome and fecal metabolome lead to putative hypotheses regarding the metabolic activities of prevalent bacteria groups (Clostridium leptum subgroup, Roseburia spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). These included elevated fecal glucose as a preferential energy source, the involvement of valerate/isovalerate and reduced protein degradation in gut microbiota. Plasma metabolomics advanced mannose and betaine as potential markers of legume intake and unveiled a decrease in formate and ketone bodies, the latter suggesting improved energy utilization through legume carbohydrates. Amino acid metabolism was also apparently affected, as suggested by lowered urea, histidine and threonine levels. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high inter-individual gut microbiome variability characterizing the small cohort addressed, combination of microbiological measurements and untargeted metabolomics unveiled several metabolic effects putatively related to legumes intake. If confirmed in larger cohorts, our findings will support the inclusion of legumes in diets and contribute valuable new insight into the origins of associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ferreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Duarte
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tatiana J Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Célia Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana C Barbosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - João E Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Alves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CIIS - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Escola Enfermagem (Porto), Portugal
| | - Marta Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Pinto
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Álvarez-Herms J, Odriozola A. Microbiome and physical activity. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:409-450. [PMID: 38908903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Adamberg S, Adamberg K. Prevotella enterotype associates with diets supporting acidic faecal pH and production of propionic acid by microbiota. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31134. [PMID: 38779015 PMCID: PMC11109898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of dietary fibres by colon microbiota plays an important role for human health. Personal data from a nutrition study (57 subjects) were analysed to elucidate quantitative associations between the diet, faecal microbiome, organic acid concentrations and pH. Ratios of the predominant acids acetate, butyrate and propionate ranged from 1:0.67:0.27 to 1:0.17:0.36. Pectin-rich diets resulted in higher faecal acetate concentrations. Negative correlation between faecal pH and BSS was observed. Higher faecal pH and lower acid concentrations were related to the higher abundance of amino acid degrading Clostridium, Odoribacter and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, which are weak carbohydrate fermenting taxa. Propionic acid correlated especially to high abundance of Prevotella and low abundance of proteobacteria. The acetate to propionate ratio of the Prevotella enterotype was about half of that of the Bacteroides enterotype. Based on the results we suggest the measurement of faecal pH and organic acid composition for research and diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Adamberg
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kaarel Adamberg
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
- Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
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Han W, Wang J, Yan X, Liu C, Huang J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Hou Y, Zheng W, Li G. Butyrate and iso-butyrate: a new perspective on nutrition prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:24. [PMID: 38658555 PMCID: PMC11043397 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary imbalance, such as a lower proportion of complex carbohydrates and a higher protein diet, may contribute to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risks through their metabolisms. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the association between butyrate, iso-butyrate, and GDM, which are metabolisms of the two primary nutrients above. This study aimed to clarify the association of butyrate and iso-butyrate with GDM. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted based on the Beijing Birth Cohort Study (BBCS) from 2017 to 2018. Totally, 99 singleton women were involved (GDM: n = 49, control: n = 50). All participants provided blood samples twice (in their first and second trimesters). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for butyrate and iso-butyrate detection. Unconditional logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that butyrate in the first trimester was negatively correlated with GDM (odds ratio (OR): 0.00, 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.00-0.21, P = 0.008), and iso-butyrate in the second trimester was positively related to GDM (OR: 627.68, 95% CI: 40.51-9724.56, P < 0.001). The ratio (butyrate/iso-butyrate) was negatively associated with GDM, both in the first trimester (OR: 0.00, 95%CI: 0.00-0.05, P < 0.001) and in the second trimester (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34-0.80, P = 0.003). The area under the curve (AUC) using the ratio in the first trimester combined with clinical risk factors achieved 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83-0.95). Iso-butyrate in the second trimester combined with clinical risk factors achieved an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92-1.00). CONCLUSIONS High iso-butyrate and low butyrate levels may be associated with an increased risk of GDM. As they are produced through dietary nutrient formation by gut microbiota, further studies on the association of dietary intake and butyrate or iso-butyrate concentration in plasma may help find a novel approach to nutritional intervention for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lirui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanmei Hou
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Firrman J, Narrowe A, Liu L, Mahalak K, Lemons J, Van den Abbeele P, Baudot A, Deyaert S, Li Y, Yao Y, Yu L. Tomato seed extract promotes health of the gut microbiota and demonstrates a potential new way to valorize tomato waste. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301381. [PMID: 38625903 PMCID: PMC11020900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The current effort to valorize waste byproducts to increase sustainability and reduce agricultural loss has stimulated interest in potential utilization of waste components as health-promoting supplements. Tomato seeds are often discarded in tomato pomace, a byproduct of tomato processing, yet these seeds are known to contain an array of compounds with biological activity and prebiotic potential. Here, extract from tomato seeds (TSE), acquired from pomace, was evaluated for their ability to effect changes on the gut microbiota using an ex vivo strategy. The results found that TSE significantly increased levels of the beneficial taxa Bifidobacteriaceae in a donor-independent manner, from a range of 18.6-24.0% to 27.0-51.6% relative abundance following treatment, yet the specific strain of Bifidobacteriaceae enhanced was inter-individually variable. These structural changes corresponded with a significant increase in total short-chain fatty acids, specifically acetate and propionate, from an average of 13.3 to 22.8 mmol/L and 4.6 to 7.4 mmol/L, respectively. Together, these results demonstrated that TSE has prebiotic potential by shaping the gut microbiota in a donor-independent manner that may be beneficial to human health. These findings provide a novel application for TSE harvested from tomato pomace and demonstrate the potential to further valorize tomato waste products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Firrman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Adrienne Narrowe
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - LinShu Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karley Mahalak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Johanna Lemons
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuanhang Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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7
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Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Waterfall TJ, Sud A, Quarshie M, Craddock JC. Plant-based and Early Time-restricted Eating for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Narrative Review. Can J Diabetes 2024:S1499-2671(24)00058-3. [PMID: 38513822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a significant public health challenge for which effective lifestyle interventions are needed. A growing body of evidence supports the use of both plant-based eating patterns and early time-restricted eating (eTRE) for the prevention and treatment of T2D, but research has not yet explored the potential of these dietary strategies in combination. In this narrative review we assessed the evidence by which plant-based diets, in conjunction with eTRE, could support T2D care. The electronic databases MEDLINE and the Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published throughout the last decade. Observational research has shown that healthy plant-based eating patterns and eTRE are associated with reductions in T2D risk. Interventional trials demonstrated that plant-based diets promote improvements in glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, glycemic control, and cardiometabolic risk factors. These changes may be mediated, in part, by reductions in oxidative stress, dietary acid load, and hepatocellular and intramyocellular lipids. The eTRE strategies were also shown to improve insulin resistance and glycemic control, and mechanisms of action included enhanced regulation of circadian rhythm and increased metabolic flexibility. Integrating these dietary strategies may produce additive benefits, mediated by reduced visceral adiposity and beneficial shifts in gut microbiota composition. However, potential barriers to concurrent implementation of these interventions may exist, including social challenges, scheduling constraints, and tolerance. Prospective trials are needed to examine their acceptability and clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra B Warbeck
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Adam Sud
- Plant-Based for Positive Change, Austin, Texas, United States
| | | | - Joel C Craddock
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Marosvölgyi T, Mintál K, Farkas N, Sipos Z, Makszin L, Szabó É, Tóth A, Kocsis B, Kovács K, Hormay E, Lénárd L, Karádi Z, Bufa A. Antibiotics and probiotics-induced effects on the total fatty acid composition of feces in a rat model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6542. [PMID: 38503819 PMCID: PMC10951306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) play important roles as membrane components and signal transduction molecules. Changes in short chain FA (SCFA) composition are associated with gut microbiota modifications. However, the effect of bacteria-driven changes on the detailed FA spectrum has not been explored yet. We investigated the effect of antibiotics (ABx) and/or probiotics, in four treatment groups on rat stool FA composition. Principal component analysis indicated that the chromatogram profiles of the treatment groups differ, which was also observed at different time points. Linear mixed effects models showed that in the parameters compared (sampling times, treatments. and their interactions), both the weight percentage and the concentration of FAs were affected by ABx and probiotic administration. This study found that the gut microbiome defines trans and branched saturated FAs, most saturated FAs, and unsaturated FAs with less carbon atoms. These results are among the first ones to demonstrate the restoring effects of a probiotic mixture on a substantial part of the altered total FA spectrum, and also revealed a previously unknown relationship between gut bacteria and a larger group of FAs. These findings suggest that intestinal bacteria produce not only SCFAs but also other FAs that may affect the host's physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Kitti Mintál
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sipos
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Lilla Makszin
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Edina Hormay
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - László Lénárd
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karádi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Anita Bufa
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
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Tauriainen MM, Csader S, Lankinen M, Lo KK, Chen C, Lahtinen O, El-Nezamy H, Laakso M, Schwab U. PNPLA3 Genotype and Dietary Fat Modify Concentrations of Plasma and Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids. Nutrients 2024; 16:261. [PMID: 38257154 PMCID: PMC10819939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The GG genotype of the Patatin-like phosphatase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), dietary fat, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are linked with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We studied the impact of the quality of dietary fat on plasma (p) and fecal (f) SCFA and p-BCAA in men homozygous for the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant (I148M). Eighty-eight randomly assigned men (age 67.8 ± 4.3 years, body mass index 27.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2) participated in a 12-week diet intervention. The recommended diet (RD) group followed the National and Nordic nutrition recommendations for fat intake. The average diet (AD) group followed the average fat intake in Finland. The intervention resulted in a decrease in total p-SCFAs and iso-butyric acid in the RD group (p = 0.041 and p = 0.002). Valeric acid (p-VA) increased in participants with the GG genotype regardless of the diet (RD, 3.6 ± 0.6 to 7.0 ± 0.6 µmol/g, p = 0.005 and AD, 3.8 ± 0.3 to 9.7 ± 8.5 µmol/g, p = 0.015). Also, genotype relation to p-VA was seen statistically significantly in the RD group (CC: 3.7 ± 0.4 to 4.2 ± 1.7 µmol/g and GG: 3.6 ± 0.6 to 7.0 ± 0.6 µmol/g, p = 0.0026 for time and p = 0.004 for time and genotype). P-VA, unlike any other SCFA, correlated positively with plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (r = 0.240, p = 0.025). Total p-BCAAs concentration changed in the AD group comparing PNPLA3 CC and GG genotypes (CC: 612 ± 184 to 532 ± 149 µmol/g and GG: 587 ± 182 to 590 ± 130 µmol/g, p = 0.015 for time). Valine decreased in the RD group (p = 0.009), and leucine decreased in the AD group (p = 0.043). RD decreased total fecal SCFA, acetic acid (f-AA), and butyric acid (f-BA) in those with CC genotype (p = 0.006, 0.013 and 0.005, respectively). Our results suggest that the PNPLA3 genotype modifies the effect of dietary fat modification for p-VA, total f-SCFA, f-AA and f-BA, and total p-BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla-Maria Tauriainen
- Department of Medicine, Endoscopy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland (M.L.); (H.E.-N.); (U.S.)
| | - Susanne Csader
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland (M.L.); (H.E.-N.); (U.S.)
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland (M.L.); (H.E.-N.); (U.S.)
| | - Kwun Kwan Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Congjia Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Olli Lahtinen
- Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Hani El-Nezamy
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland (M.L.); (H.E.-N.); (U.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland (M.L.); (H.E.-N.); (U.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
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Cifuentes MP, Chapman JA, Stewart CJ. Gut microbiome derived short chain fatty acids: Promising strategies in necrotising enterocolitis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 6:100219. [PMID: 38303965 PMCID: PMC10831176 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition that poses a significant risk of morbidity and mortality, particularly among preterm babies. Extensive research efforts have been directed at identifying optimal treatment and diagnostic strategies but results from such studies remain unclear and controversial. Among the most promising candidates are prebiotics, probiotics and their metabolites, including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Such metabolites have been widely explored as possible biomarkers of gut health for different clinical conditions, with overall positive effects on the host observed. This review aims to describe the role of gut microbiome derived SCFAs in necrotising enterocolitis. Until now, information has been conflicting, with the primary focus on the main three SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid). While numerous studies have indicated the relationship between SCFAs and NEC, the current evidence is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions about the use of these metabolites as NEC biomarkers or their potential in treatment strategies. Ongoing research in this area will help enhance both our understanding of SCFAs as valuable indicators of NEC and their practical application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Cifuentes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle. UK
| | - Jonathan A Chapman
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle. UK
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11
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Pedroza Matute S, Iyavoo S. Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1225120. [PMID: 37867494 PMCID: PMC10585655 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a rich and dynamic ecosystem that actively interacts with the human body, playing a significant role in the state of health and disease of the host. Diet, exercise, mental health, and other factors have exhibited the ability to influence the gut bacterial composition, leading to changes that can prevent and improve, or favor and worsen, both intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions. Altered gut microbial states, or 'dysbiosis', associated with conditions and diseases are often characterized by shifts in bacterial abundance and diversity, including an impaired Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. By understanding the effect of lifestyle on the gut microbiota, personalized advice can be generated to suit each individual profile and foster the adoption of lifestyle changes that can both prevent and ameliorate dysbiosis. The delivery of effective and reliable advice, however, depends not only on the available research and current understanding of the topic, but also on the methods used to assess individuals and to discover the associations, which can introduce bias at multiple stages. The aim of this review is to summarize how human gut microbial variability is defined and what lifestyle choices and diseases have shown association with gut bacterial composition. Furthermore, popular methods to investigate the human gut microbiota are outlined, with a focus on the possible bias caused by the lack of use of standardized methods. Finally, an overview of the current state of personalized advice based on gut microbiota testing is presented, underlining its power and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasitaran Iyavoo
- Nkaarco Diagnostics Limited, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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12
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Nikolaki MD, Kasti AN, Katsas K, Petsis K, Lambrinou S, Patsalidou V, Stamatopoulou S, Karlatira K, Kapolos J, Papadimitriou K, Triantafyllou K. The Low-FODMAP Diet, IBS, and BCFAs: Exploring the Positive, Negative, and Less Desirable Aspects-A Literature Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2387. [PMID: 37894045 PMCID: PMC10609264 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature about the association of branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is limited. BCFAs, the bacterial products of the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, are proposed as markers for colonic protein fermentation. IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by low-grade inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. The low-FODMAP diet (LFD) has increasingly been applied as first-line therapy for managing IBS symptoms, although it decreases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), well known for their anti-inflammatory action. In parallel, high protein consumption increases BCFAs. Protein fermentation alters the colonic microbiome through nitrogenous metabolites production, known for their detrimental effects on the intestinal barrier promoting inflammation. Purpose: This review aims to explore the role of BCFAs on gut inflammation in patients with IBS and the impact of LFD in BCFAs production. Methods: A literature search was carried out using a combination of terms in scientific databases. Results: The included studies have contradictory findings about how BCFAs affect the intestinal health of IBS patients. Conclusions: Although evidence suggests that BCFAs may play a protective role in gut inflammation, other metabolites of protein fermentation are associated with gut inflammation. Further research is needed in order to clarify how diet protein composition and, consequently, the BCFAs are implicated in IBS pathogenesis or in symptoms management with LFD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroulla D. Nikolaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Crete, Greece
| | - Arezina N. Kasti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Katsas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Petsis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Sophia Lambrinou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, General Hospital of Karpathos “Aghios Ioannis o Karpathios”, 85700 Karpathos, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Patsalidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Sophia Stamatopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Katerina Karlatira
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - John Kapolos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Vasquez R, Kim SH, Oh JK, Song JH, Hwang IC, Kim IH, Kang DK. Multispecies probiotic supplementation in diet with reduced crude protein levels altered the composition and function of gut microbiome and restored microbiome-derived metabolites in growing pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192249. [PMID: 37485501 PMCID: PMC10360209 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Both crude protein (CP) and probiotics can modulate the gut microbiome of the host, thus conferring beneficial effects. However, the benefits of low CP diet supplemented with multispecies probiotics on gut microbiome and its metabolites have not been investigated in pigs. Thus, we investigated the combinatory effects of low CP diet supplemented with multispecies probiotics on gut microbiome composition, function, and microbial metabolites in growing pigs. In total, 140 6 week-old piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) were used in this study. The pigs were divided into four groups with a 2 × 2 factorial design based on their diets: normal-level protein diet (16% CP; NP), low-level protein diet (14% CP; LP), NP with multispecies probiotics (NP-P), and LP with multispecies probiotics (LP-P). After the feeding trial, the fecal samples of the pigs were analyzed. The fecal scores were improved by the probiotic supplementation, especially in LP-P group. We also observed a probiotic-mediated alteration in the gut microbiome of pigs. In addition, LP-P group showed higher species richness and diversity compared with other groups. The addition of multispecies probiotics in low CP diet also enhanced gut microbiota metabolites production, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyamines. Correlation analysis revealed that Oscillospiraceae UCG-002, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, and Muribaculaceae were positively associated with SCFAs; and Prevotella, Eubacterium ruminantium, Catenibacterium, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, Roseburia, Butyrivibrio, and Dialister were positively correlated with polyamines. Supplementation with multispecies probiotics modulated the function of the gut microbiome by upregulating the pathways for protein digestion and utilization, potentially contributing to enriched metabolite production in the gut. The results of this study demonstrate that supplementation with multispecies probiotics may complement the beneficial effects of low CP levels in pig feed. These findings may help formulate sustainable feeding strategies for swine production.
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Farsi DN, Gallegos JL, Koutsidis G, Nelson A, Finnigan TJA, Cheung W, Muñoz-Muñoz JL, Commane DM. Substituting meat for mycoprotein reduces genotoxicity and increases the abundance of beneficial microbes in the gut: Mycomeat, a randomised crossover control trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1479-1492. [PMID: 36651990 PMCID: PMC10030420 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high-meat, low-fibre Western diet is strongly associated with colorectal cancer risk. Mycoprotein, produced from Fusarium venanatum, has been sold as a high-fibre alternative to meat for decades. Hitherto, the effects of mycoprotein in the human bowel have not been well considered. Here, we explored the effects of replacing a high red and processed meat intake with mycoprotein on markers of intestinal genotoxicity and gut health. METHODS Mycomeat (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03944421) was an investigator-blind, randomised, crossover dietary intervention trial. Twenty healthy male adults were randomised to consume 240 g day-1 red and processed meat for 2 weeks, with crossover to 2 weeks 240 g day-1 mycoprotein, separated by a 4-week washout period. Primary end points were faecal genotoxicity and genotoxins, while secondary end points comprised changes in gut microbiome composition and activity. RESULTS The meat diet increased faecal genotoxicity and nitroso compound excretion, whereas the weight-matched consumption of mycoprotein decreased faecal genotoxicity and nitroso compounds. In addition, meat intake increased the abundance of Oscillobacter and Alistipes, whereas mycoprotein consumption increased Lactobacilli, Roseburia and Akkermansia, as well as the excretion of short chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION Replacing red and processed meat with the Fusarium-based meat alternative, mycoprotein, significantly reduces faecal genotoxicity and genotoxin excretion and increases the abundance of microbial genera with putative health benefits in the gut. This work demonstrates that mycoprotein may be a beneficial alternative to meat within the context of gut health and colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic N Farsi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle, UK.
| | - Jose Lara Gallegos
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle, UK
| | - Georgios Koutsidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle, UK
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - William Cheung
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle, UK
| | - Jose L Muñoz-Muñoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle, UK
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle, UK
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15
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Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment by Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Impact in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065069. [PMID: 36982144 PMCID: PMC10048801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding new therapeutic approaches towards colorectal cancer (CRC) is of increased relevance, as CRC is one of the most common cancers worldwide. CRC standard therapy includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which may be used alone or in combination. The reported side effects and acquired resistance associated with these strategies lead to an increasing need to search for new therapies with better efficacy and less toxicity. Several studies have demonstrated the antitumorigenic properties of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The tumor microenvironment is composed by non-cellular components, microbiota, and a great diversity of cells, such as immune cells. The influence of SCFAs on the different constituents of the tumor microenvironment is an important issue that should be taken into consideration, and to the best of our knowledge there is a lack of reviews on this subject. The tumor microenvironment is not only closely related to the growth and development of CRC but also affects the treatment and prognosis of the patients. Immunotherapy has emerged as a new hope, but, in CRC, it was found that only a small percentage of patients benefit from this treatment being closely dependent on the genetic background of the tumors. The aim of this review was to perform an up-to-date critical literature review on current knowledge regarding the effects of microbiota-derived SCFAs in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in the context of CRC and its impact in CRC therapeutic strategies. SCFAs, namely acetate, butyrate, and propionate, have the ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment in distinct ways. SCFAs promote immune cell differentiation, downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and restrict the tumor-induced angiogenesis. SCFAs also sustain the integrity of basement membranes and modulate the intestinal pH. CRC patients have lower concentrations of SCFAs than healthy individuals. Increasing the production of SCFAs through the manipulation of the gut microbiota could constitute an important therapeutic strategy towards CRC due to their antitumorigenic effect and ability of modulating tumor microenvironment.
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16
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Wang Y, Uffelman CN, Bergia RE, Clark CM, Reed JB, Cross TWL, Lindemann SR, Tang M, Campbell WW. Meat Consumption and Gut Microbiota: a Scoping Review of Literature and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:215-237. [PMID: 36822879 PMCID: PMC10229385 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research indicates the importance of gut microbiota in mediating the relationship between meat intake and human health outcomes. We aimed to assess the state of available scientific literature on meat intake and gut microbiota in humans (PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42020135649). We first conducted a scoping review to identify observational and interventional studies on this topic. Searches were performed for English language articles using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases from inception to August 2021 and using keywords related to meat (inclusive of mammalian, avian, and aquatic subtypes) and gut microbiota. Of 14,680 records, 85 eligible articles were included in the scoping review, comprising 57 observational and 28 interventional studies. One prospective observational study and 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified in adults without diagnosed disease. We included the 13 RCTs, comprising 18 comparisons, in the systematic review to assess the effects of higher and lower intakes of total meat and meat subtypes on the gut microbiota composition. The bacterial composition was differentially affected by consuming diets with and without meat or with varied meat subtypes. For example, higher meat intake tended to decrease population sizes of genera Anerostipes and Faecalibacterium, but it increased the population size of Roseburia across studies. However, the magnitude and directionality of most microbial responses varied, with inconsistent patterns of responses across studies. The data were insufficient for comparison within or between meat subtypes. The paucity of research, especially among meat subtypes, and heterogeneity of findings underscore the need for more well-designed prospective studies and full-feeding RCTs to address the relationships between and effects of consuming total meat and meat subtypes on gut microbiota, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cassi N Uffelman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason B Reed
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Minghua Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Fecal level of butyric acid, a microbiome-derived metabolite, is increased in patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22378. [PMID: 36572703 PMCID: PMC9792531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyric acid maintains a healthy gut barrier and vascular endothelium. We aimed to investigate the association between fecal butyric acid, carotid atherosclerosis and risk factors for ischemic stroke. Patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis (i.e. ≥ 50% stenosis) (n = 43) were compared with healthy controls (n = 38). We analyzed fecal SCFAs by gas chromatography, microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing, markers of gut barrier damage and inflammasome activation by immunoassay, and plasma SCFAs by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Patients had higher fecal butyric acid level (p = 0.024), along with increased functional potential of microbial butyric acid production (p = 0.031), compared with controls. Dietary fiber intake was comparable. Patients had higher levels of gut barrier damage markers CCL25 and IFABP, and the inflammasome activation marker IL-18, whereas plasma level of butyric was similar. Increased fecal butyric acid was associated with higher BMI, waist-hip ratio, HbA1c, CRP and leukocyte count. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis had higher fecal butyric acid level, and increased microbial production, compared with controls. Gut barrier damage in patients might indicate decreased absorption of butyric acid and hence contribute to the higher fecal level.
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18
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Effect of a Vegan Diet on Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314924. [PMID: 36499257 PMCID: PMC9738978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence indicating that a vegan diet could be beneficial in the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the positive and negative aspects of a vegan diet regarding the risk of AD. Regarding AD prevention, a vegan diet includes low levels of saturated fats and cholesterol, contributing to a healthy blood lipid profile. Furthermore, it is rich in phytonutrients, such as vitamins, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, that may help prevent cognitive decline. Moreover, a vegan diet contributes to the assumption of quercetin, a natural inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which can contribute to maintaining mental health and reducing AD risk. Nonetheless, the data available do not allow an assessment of whether strict veganism is beneficial for AD prevention compared with vegetarianism or other diets. A vegan diet lacks specific vitamins and micronutrients and may result in nutritional deficiencies. Vegans not supplementing micronutrients are more prone to vitamin B12, vitamin D, and DHA deficiencies, which have been linked to AD. Thus, an evaluation of the net effect of a vegan diet on AD prevention and/or progression should be ascertained by taking into account all the positive and negative effects described here.
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Lappi J, Silventoinen-Veijalainen P, Vanhatalo S, Rosa-Sibakov N, Sozer N. The nutritional quality of animal-alternative processed foods based on plant or microbial proteins and the role of the food matrix. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Inamura K, Hamada T, Bullman S, Ugai T, Yachida S, Ogino S. Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic and environmental diseases: opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2022-327209. [PMID: 35820782 PMCID: PMC9834441 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is generally regarded as a localised disease, with the well-established role of the tumour microenvironment. However, the realm of cancer goes beyond the tumour microenvironment, and cancer should also be regarded as a systemic and environmental disease. The exposome (ie, the totality of exposures), which encompasses diets, supplements, smoking, alcohol, other lifestyle factors, medications, etc, likely alters the microbiome (inclusive of bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, parasites, etc) and immune system in various body sites and influences tumour phenotypes. The systemic metabolic/inflammatory status, which is likely influenced by exposures and intestinal physiological changes, may affect tissue microenvironment of colorectum and any other organs. Germline genomic factors can modify disease phenotypes via gene-by-environment interactions. Although challenges exist, it is crucial to advance not only basic experimental research that can analyse the effects of exposures, microorganisms and microenvironmental components on tumour evolution but also interdisciplinary human population research that can dissect the complex pathogenic roles of the exposome, microbiome and immunome. Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metabolomic analyses should be integrated into well-designed population research combined with advanced methodologies of artificial intelligence and molecular pathological epidemiology. Ideally, a prospective cohort study design that enables biospecimen (such as stool) collection before disease detection should be considered to address reverse causation and recall biases. Robust experimental and observational research together can provide insights into dynamic interactions between environmental exposures, microbiota, tumour and immunity during carcinogenesis processes, thereby helping us develop precision prevention and therapeutic strategies to ultimately reduce the cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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He X, Wang C, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Qiu Y, Yin F, Xiong W, Liu B, Huang Y. Spirulina compounds show hypoglycemic activity and intestinal flora regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Vasquez R, Oh JK, Song JH, Kang DK. Gut microbiome-produced metabolites in pigs: a review on their
biological functions and the influence of probiotics. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:671-695. [PMID: 35969697 PMCID: PMC9353353 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that contains a large number of
microorganisms with different metabolic capacities. Modulation of the gut
microbiome can improve the growth and promote health in pigs. Crosstalk between
the host, diet, and the gut microbiome can influence the health of the host,
potentially through the production of several metabolites with various
functions. Short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids,
polyamines, indoles, and phenolic compounds are metabolites produced by the gut
microbiome. The gut microbiome can also produce neurotransmitters (such as
γ-aminobutyric acid, catecholamines, and serotonin), their precursors,
and vitamins. Several studies in pigs have demonstrated the importance of the
gut microbiome and its metabolites in improving growth performance and feed
efficiency, alleviating stress, and providing protection from pathogens. The use
of probiotics is one of the strategies employed to target the gut microbiome of
pigs. Promising results have been published on the use of probiotics in
optimizing pig production. This review focuses on the role of gut
microbiome-derived metabolites in the performance of pigs and the effects of
probiotics on altering the levels of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robie Vasquez
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Ju Kyoung Oh
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Corresponding author: Dae-Kyung Kang,
Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116,
Korea. Tel: +82-41-550-3655, E-mail:
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Li Y, Qin GQ, Wang WY, Liu X, Gao XQ, Liu JH, Zheng T, Zhang W, Cheng L, Yang K, You X, Wu Y, Fang ZZ. Short chain fatty acids for the risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:901-909. [PMID: 35368224 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore relationships short chain fatty acids with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. METHODS We extracted the clinical and omics data of 100 T2D patients and 100 DN patients from April 2018 to April 2019 from a tertiary hospital. Restricted cubic splines were used to examine full-range associations of short chain fatty acids with DN in T2D.Query Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Acetate, butyrate and isovalerate were negatively correlated with DN. Isobutyrate was positively correlated with DN. Propionate ≥ 4.4 μg/mL and isobutyrate ≥ 1.4 μg/mL had threshold effects and their increasing levels above the cutoff points were associated with rapid rises in the risk of DN. The additive interaction between high propionate and high isobutyrate in serum significantly increased the risk of DN (OR34.35; 95%CI 7.11 to 166.08). Presence of hypertension further increased the OR of high propionate for DN to 8.27(95%CI 1.82 to 37.57) with a significant additive interaction. The additive interaction of the high isobutyrate and hypertension was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Acetate, butyrate and isovalerate were negatively associated with DN. Isobutyrate was positively associated with DN. Serum high propionate and high isobutyrate worked independently and synergistically to increase the risk of DN in T2D. Presence of hypertension further amplified the effect of copresence of high propionate on DN risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Qin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ying Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qian Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin You
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shannxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Cancer immunotherapy resistance: The impact of microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids and other emerging metabolites. Life Sci 2022; 300:120573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Zhu JH, Mao Q, Wang SY, Liu H, Zhou SS, Zhang W, Kong M, Zhu H, Li SL. Optimization and validation of direct gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of ten short-chain fatty acids in rat feces. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462958. [PMID: 35303574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play key roles in maintaining health and treating disease. Quantification of important fecal SCFAs is necessary to facilitate the clarification of their biological roles. However, the existing quantifying methods mainly depend on complicated precolumn derivatization, and/or are unable to determine formic acid, a SCFA commonly associated with toxicity. In this study, a direct gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous quantification of ten SCFAs including formic acid in rat feces was developed. The approach was optimized in terms of chromatographic and spectrometric conditions as well as sample preparation. DB-FFAP capillary column with temperature programming was used to get baseline separation and symmetrical peak shape of SCFAs without precolumn derivatization in a relatively short running time (8 min). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan mode was employed to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of SCFAs. Acidification with 50% HCl and immediate extraction with diethyl ether were utilized to achieve sample preparation of ten SCFAs from feces. Furthermore, the developed method was validated with wide linear range, high sensitivity and precision, low matrix effect and acceptable accuracy. The established method was successfully applied to compare the contents of fecal SCFAs between normal and immunosuppressed animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
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26
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Prochazkova M, Budinska E, Kuzma M, Pelantova H, Hradecky J, Heczkova M, Daskova N, Bratova M, Modos I, Videnska P, Splichalova P, Sowah SA, Kralova M, Henikova M, Selinger E, Klima K, Chalupsky K, Sedlacek R, Landberg R, Kühn T, Gojda J, Cahova M. Vegan Diet Is Associated With Favorable Effects on the Metabolic Performance of Intestinal Microbiota: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Omics Study. Front Nutr 2022; 8:783302. [PMID: 35071294 PMCID: PMC8777108 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.783302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Plant-based diets are associated with potential health benefits, but the contribution of gut microbiota remains to be clarified. We aimed to identify differences in key features of microbiome composition and function with relevance to metabolic health in individuals adhering to a vegan vs. omnivore diet. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved lean, healthy vegans (n = 62) and omnivore (n = 33) subjects. We assessed their glucose and lipid metabolism and employed an integrated multi-omics approach (16S rRNA sequencing, metabolomics profiling) to compare dietary intake, metabolic health, gut microbiome, and fecal, serum, and urine metabolomes. Results: The vegans had more favorable glucose and lipid homeostasis profiles than the omnivores. Long-term reported adherence to a vegan diet affected only 14.8% of all detected bacterial genera in fecal microbiome. However, significant differences in vegan and omnivore metabolomes were observed. In feces, 43.3% of all identified metabolites were significantly different between the vegans and omnivores, such as amino acid fermentation products p-cresol, scatole, indole, methional (lower in the vegans), and polysaccharide fermentation product short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, MCFAs), and their derivatives (higher in the vegans). Vegan serum metabolome differed markedly from the omnivores (55.8% of all metabolites), especially in amino acid composition, such as low BCAAs, high SCFAs (formic-, acetic-, propionic-, butyric acids), and dimethylsulfone, the latter two being potential host microbiome co-metabolites. Using a machine-learning approach, we tested the discriminative power of each dataset. Best results were obtained for serum metabolome (accuracy rate 91.6%). Conclusion: While only small differences in the gut microbiota were found between the groups, their metabolic activity differed substantially. In particular, we observed a significantly different abundance of fermentation products associated with protein and carbohydrate intakes in the vegans. Vegans had significantly lower abundances of potentially harmful (such as p-cresol, lithocholic acid, BCAAs, aromatic compounds, etc.) and higher occurrence of potentially beneficial metabolites (SCFAs and their derivatives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Prochazkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Budinska
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Pelantova
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaromir Hradecky
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Heczkova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nikola Daskova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Miriam Bratova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Istvan Modos
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Videnska
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Splichalova
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Solomon A Sowah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kralova
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marina Henikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eliska Selinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Krystof Klima
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Gojda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Monika Cahova
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
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27
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Dietrich S, Trefflich I, Ueland PM, Menzel J, Penczynski KJ, Abraham K, Weikert C. Amino acid intake and plasma concentrations and their interplay with gut microbiota in vegans and omnivores in Germany. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2103-2114. [PMID: 35034170 PMCID: PMC9106628 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It has been estimated that most vegans meet the total protein requirements, but whether this is also true for individual essential amino acids (AAs) is unclear. Furthermore, a shift in protein intake is suggested to alter microbiota composition, but this association is unknown in terms of veganism or individual AAs. This cross-sectional study compared vegans and omnivores regarding dietary intake and plasma concentration of AAs. The prevalence of insufficient intake of essential AAs among vegans was determined using estimated average requirements (EAR) of WHO. Moreover, correlations between AAs intake and gut microbiota were investigated. Methods Data of 36 vegans and 36 omnivores (30–60 years) were analysed. AA intake, AA plasma concentrations and gut microbiota were ascertained by three-day weighed food protocols, gas/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. Results At almost the same energy intake, the intake of 9 AAs in vegans was significantly lower than in omnivores, with median differences of − 27.0% to − 51.9%. However, only one female vegan showed total protein and lysine intake below the EAR. Vegans showed lower lysine (− 25.0%), but higher glycine (+ 25.4%) and glutamate (+ 13.1%) plasma concentrations than omnivores. Correlation patterns between AA intake and bacterial microbiota differed between vegans and omnivores. In vegans 19 species and in omnivores 5 species showed correlations with AA intake. Conclusion Vegans consumed apparently sufficient but lower AAs than omnivores. In addition, the different AAs intake seems to influence the microbiota composition. The use of short-term dietary data without considering usual intake limits these findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02790-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dietrich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Iris Trefflich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Menzel
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina J Penczynski
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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28
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Szurkowska J, Wiącek J, Laparidis K, Karolkiewicz J. A Comparative Study of Selected Gut Bacteria Abundance and Fecal pH in Bodybuilders Eating High-Protein Diet and More Sedentary Controls. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114093. [PMID: 34836348 PMCID: PMC8623519 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bodybuilders tend to overeat their daily protein needs. The purpose of a high-protein diet is to support post-workout recovery and skeletal muscle growth; however, its exact impact on gut microbiota still remains under investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in selected gut bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., and Bacteroides spp.) abundance and fecal pH between the group of amateur bodybuilders and more sedentary control group. In total, 26 young healthy men took part in the study, and their daily nutrients intake was measured using a dietary interview. Real-time PCR was used to assess the stool bacteria abundance. Both groups reported fiber intake within the recommended range, but bodybuilders consumed significantly more protein (33.6% ± 6.5% vs. 22% ± 6.3%) and less fat (27.6% ± 18.9% vs. 36.4% ± 10%) than controls. Study results showed no significant differences in terms of selected intestinal bacteria colony forming unit counts. Significantly higher fecal pH in the bodybuilders’ fecal samples was observed in comparison to the control group 6.9 ± 0.7 vs. 6.2 ± 0.7. Gut microbiota composition similarities could be a result of appropriate fiber intake in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szurkowska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jakub Wiącek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Konstantinos Laparidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace University Campus, 69100 Komotini, Greece;
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.S.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Intestinal Microbiota as a Contributor to Chronic Inflammation and Its Potential Modifications. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113839. [PMID: 34836095 PMCID: PMC8618457 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a crucial factor in maintaining homeostasis. The presence of commensal microorganisms leads to the stimulation of the immune system and its maturation. In turn, dysbiosis with an impaired intestinal barrier leads to accelerated contact of microbiota with the host’s immune cells. Microbial structural parts, i.e., pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as flagellin (FLG), peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce inflammation via activation of pattern recognition receptors. Microbial metabolites can also develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is the cause of many metabolic diseases. This article aims to systematize information on the influence of microbiota on chronic inflammation and the benefits of microbiota modification through dietary changes, prebiotics, and probiotic intake. Scientific research indicates that the modification of the microbiota in various disease states can reduce inflammation and improve the metabolic profile. However, since there is no pattern for a healthy microbiota, there is no optimal way to modify it. The methods of influencing microbiota should be adapted to the type of dysbiosis. Although there are studies on the microbiota and its effects on inflammation, this subject is still relatively unknown, and more research is needed in this area.
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