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Neshatbini Tehrani A, Hatami B, Daftari G, Hekmatdoost A, Yari Z, Salehpour A, Hosseini SA, Helli B. The effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on metabolic status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1362. [PMID: 38773414 PMCID: PMC11107053 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accounts as a crucial health concern with a huge burden on health and economic systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on metabolic status in patients with NAFLD. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with NAFLD were randomly allocated to either soy isoflavone or placebo groups for 12 weeks. The soy isoflavone group took 100 mg/d soy isoflavone and the placebo group took the similar tablets containing starch. Anthropometric indices, blood lipids, glycemic parameters and blood pressure were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS At the end of week 12 the level of serum triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) was significantly decreased only in soy isoflavone group compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Although waist circumference (WC) decreased significantly in both groups after 12 weeks of intervention (P < 0.05), hip circumference (HC) decreased significantly only in soy isoflavone group (P = 0.001). No significant changes observed regarding high density lipoprotein (HDL) and blood pressure in both groups. At the end of the study, serum glucose level was significantly decreased in the placebo group compared to baseline (P = 0.047). No significant changes demonstrated in the soy isoflavone group in regard to glycemic parameters (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that soy isoflavones could significantly reduce TG, LDL TC, WC and HC in NAFLD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Ethics committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences approved the protocol of the present clinical research (IR.AJUMS.REC.1401.155). The study was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study's registered number and date are IRCT20220801055597N1 and 20.09.2022, respectively at https://fa.irct.ir .
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Neshatbini Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Boulevard, Ahvaz, 78531-67465, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Daftari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Salehpour
- School of Public Health, Occupational Health Research Center, Iran Universityof Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Boulevard, Ahvaz, 78531-67465, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bizhan Helli
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Boulevard, Ahvaz, 78531-67465, Iran.
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Frumuzachi O, Babotă M, Miere D, Mocan A, Crișan G. The impact of consuming technologically processed functional foods enriched/fortified with (poly)phenols on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38214689 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2286475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major global cause of death and healthcare costs, emphasizing the need for effective prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors. One promising approach is the consumption of technologically processed functional foods enriched/fortified with (poly)phenols. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the human clinical trials evidence on the effect of intake of these foods on reducing the most common cardiometabolic risk factors. 12 randomized controlled studies were included in the systematic review, with varying food intake amounts (27-360 g/day) and (poly)phenol doses (32.5-850 mg/day). These interventions included consumption of functional bakery goods, cereal bars, pasta, chocolate, and yogurt, with supplementation periods spanning from 2 to 52 wk. Several foods, such as green tea extract-fortified rye bread and olive fruit (poly)phenol-fortified yogurt, significantly lowered blood pressure. Flavonoid-enriched chocolate, hydroxytyrosol-fortified bread, and other products influenced glucose metabolism. Additionally, various functional foods were associated with improved blood lipid levels. While these results indicate the health advantages of consuming technologically processed functional foods enriched/fortified with (poly)phenols, caution is warranted due to the scarcity and limitations of existing studies. Further research is needed to confirm and expand upon these results in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Frumuzachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Babotă
- Research Center of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Szczerba E, Barbaresko J, Schiemann T, Stahl-Pehe A, Schwingshackl L, Schlesinger S. Diet in the management of type 2 diabetes: umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000664. [PMID: 38027413 PMCID: PMC10649708 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To systematically summarise and evaluate the existing evidence on the effect of diet on the management of type 2 diabetes and prevention of complications. Design Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Data sources PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane, from inception up to 5 June 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials reporting summary effect estimates on the effect of diet on any health outcome in populations with type 2 diabetes were included in the review. Only meta-analyses with randomised controlled trials with the duration of at least 12 weeks were eligible for inclusion. Summary data were extracted by two investigators independently. Summary effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals were recalculated with a random effects model if the information provided was insufficient. Methodological quality was assessed with the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool and the certainty of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results 88 publications with 312 meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials were included. Methodological quality was high to moderate in 23% and low to very low in 77% of the included publications. A high certainty of evidence was found for the beneficial effects of liquid meal replacement on reducing body weight (mean difference -2.37 kg, 95% confidence interval -3.30 to -1.44; n=9 randomised controlled trials included in the meta-analysis) and body mass index (-0.87, -1.32 to -0.43; n=8 randomised controlled trials), and of a low carbohydrate diet (<26% of total energy) on levels of haemoglobin A1c (-0.47%, -0.60% to -0.34%; n=17 randomised controlled trials) and triglycerides (-0.30 mmol/L, -0.43 to -0.17; n=19 randomised controlled trials). A moderate certainty of evidence was found for the beneficial effects of liquid meal replacement, plant based, Mediterranean, high protein, low glycaemic index, and low carbohydrate diets (<26% total energy) on various cardiometabolic measures. The remaining results had low to very low certainty of evidence. Conclusions The evidence indicated that diet has a multifaceted role in the management of type 2 diabetes. An energy restricted diet can reduce body weight and improve cardiometabolic health. Beyond energy restriction, dietary approaches such as plant based, Mediterranean, low carbohydrate (<26% total energy), or high protein diets, and a higher intake of omega 3 fatty acids can be beneficial for cardiometabolic health in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021252309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Szczerba
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janett Barbaresko
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Schiemann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Stahl-Pehe
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Vo TLT, Cai XM, Liao JW, Huang LG, Chen CL, Wu CH, Song TY. Safety Assessment and Hepatic-Renal Protection of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Root and Its Soy Isoflavone Contents. Nutrients 2023; 15:3963. [PMID: 37764747 PMCID: PMC10535662 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., also known as pigeon pea, has roots that have exhibited much pharmacological potential. The present study was conducted to assess the safe dose of the ethanolic extract of C. cajan roots (EECR95) and to analyze the main soy isoflavones contents. In vitro, we investigated the mutagenicity and cytotoxic effect of EECR95 on Salmonella typhimurium-TA98 and TA100 (by Ames tests) and RAW 264.7, L-929, and HGF-1 cell lines (by MTT tests) for 24 h of incubation. We found no mutagenic or cytotoxic effects of EECR95. After administration of 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg bw of EECR95 to both male and female Wistar rats for 90 days, there were no significant adverse effects on the behaviors (body weight, water intake, and food intake), organ/tissue weights, or immunohistochemical staining, and the urine and hematological examinations of the rats were within normal ranges. EECR95 potentially decreases renal function markers in serum (serum uric acid, BUN, CRE, and GLU) or liver function markers (cholesterol, triglyceride, and glutamic-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT)). We also found that EECR95 contained five soy isoflavones (genistein, biochanin A, daidzein, genistin, and cajanol), which may be related to its hepatorenal protection. Based on the high dose (1.0 g/kg bw) of EECR95, a safe daily intake of EECR95 for human adults is estimated to be 972 mg/60 kg person/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Lan-Thi Vo
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan; (T.-L.-T.V.); (X.-M.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Xiang-Ming Cai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan; (T.-L.-T.V.); (X.-M.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Gie Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan; (T.-L.-T.V.); (X.-M.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chi-Hao Wu
- Graduate Programs of Nutrition Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tuzz-Ying Song
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan; (T.-L.-T.V.); (X.-M.C.); (C.-L.C.)
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Nabil-Adam A, E. Elnosary M, L. Ashour M, M. Abd El-Moneam N, A. Shreadah M. Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Plants as a Defense Mechanism: Role and Function Concerning Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Properties. FLAVONOID METABOLISM - RECENT ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN CROP BREEDING 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major class of secondary metabolites that comprises more than 6000 compounds that have been identified. They are biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway that involves groups of enzymes such as isomerases, hydroxylases, and reductases that greatly affect the determination of the flavonoid skeleton. For example, transferase enzymes responsible for the modification of sugar result in changes in the physiological activity of the flavonoids and changes in their physical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and interaction with cellular target molecules, which affect their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, flavonoids have diverse biological activities such as antioxidants, anticancer, and antiviral in managing Alzheimer’s disease. However, most marine flavonoids are still incompletely discovered because marine flavonoid biosynthesis is produced and possesses unique substitutions that are not commonly found in terrestrial bioactive compounds. The current chapter will illustrate the importance of flavonoids’ role in metabolism and the main difference between marine and terrestrial flavonoids.
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Xiong HH, Lin SY, Chen LL, Ouyang KH, Wang WJ. The Interaction between Flavonoids and Intestinal Microbes: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020320. [PMID: 36673411 PMCID: PMC9857828 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes have prompted a rash of food science, nutriology and biomedicine, complying with future research trends. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and human health, but once the intestinal flora dysregulation occurs, it may contribute to various diseases. Flavonoids have shown a variety of physiological activities, and are metabolized or biotransformed by gut microbiota, thereby producing new metabolites that promote human health by modulating the composition and structure of intestinal flora. Herein, this review demonstrates the key notion of flavonoids as well as intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding about how flavonoids regulate the diseases by gut microbiota. Emphasis is placed on the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction that affects the metabolic fate of flavonoids and their metabolites, thereby influencing their metabolic mechanism, biotransformation, bioavailability and bioactivity. Potentially by focusing on the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota as well as their metabolites such as bile acids, we discuss the influence mechanism of flavonoids on intestinal microbiota by protecting the intestinal barrier function and immune system. Additionally, the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction plays a crucial role in regulating various diseases. We explain the underlying regulation mechanism of several typical diseases including gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and guideline for the promotion of gastrointestinal health as well as the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Su-Yun Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ke-Hui Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-83813655
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Phytoestrogens and Health Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020317. [PMID: 36678189 PMCID: PMC9864699 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these substances are useful for plants in many aspects, their estrogenic properties are essentially relevant to their predators. As such, phytoestrogens can be considered to be substances potentially dedicated to plant-predator interaction. Therefore, it is not surprising to note that the word phytoestrogen comes from the early discovery of estrogenic effects in grazing animals and humans. Here, several compounds whose activities have been discovered at nutritional concentrations in animals and humans are examined. The substances analyzed belong to several chemical families, i.e., the flavanones, the coumestans, the resorcylic acid lactones, the isoflavones, and the enterolignans. Following their definition and the evocation of their role in plants, their metabolic transformations and bioavailabilities are discussed. A point is then made regarding their health effects, which can either be beneficial or adverse depending on the subject studied, the sex, the age, and the physiological status. Toxicological information is given based on official data. The effects are first presented in humans. Animal models are evoked when no data are available in humans. The effects are presented with a constant reference to doses and plausible exposure.
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Effect of 4-Week Consumption of Soy Kori-tofu on Cardiometabolic Health Markers: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial in Adults with Mildly Elevated Cholesterol Levels. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010049. [PMID: 36615709 PMCID: PMC9824620 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kori-tofu is a frozen soy tofu, and soy consumption is associated with positive effects on cardiometabolic health markers. We aimed to assess the potential of Kori-tofu to improve cardiometabolic health outcomes in humans by repetitive daily consumption. In a double-blind randomized controlled cross-over trial, 45 subjects aged 40-70 years with (mildly) elevated cholesterol levels, received a four week Kori-tofu intervention or whey protein control intervention with a four week wash-out period in between. Cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured before and after both interventions. A significant decrease in total, low-density lipids (LDL), and high-density lipids (HDL) cholesterol, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine and systolic blood pressure was observed within the Kori-tofu intervention. However, many of these findings were also observed in the control intervention. Only adiponectin changes were different between treatments but did not change significantly within interventions. Improvements in cardiometabolic markers within the Kori-tofu intervention point toward potential beneficial health effects. Due to the lack of significant effects as compared to control, there is, however, currently no substantiating evidence to claim that Kori-tofu has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health.
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Shi J, Fang H, Guo Q, Yu D, Ju L, Cheng X, Piao W, Xu X, Li Z, Mu D, Zhao L, He L. Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7–17: The China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016–2017. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173524. [PMID: 36079782 PMCID: PMC9460434 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the associations of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7–17 in 2016–2017. Using the data from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016–2017, the sociodemographic information, diet, anthropometric measurements and clinical examinations of subjects were obtained, and a total of 13,071 school-aged children and adolescents were included in this study. The Cook criteria were used to define MetS and its components. Dietary intake was derived from 24-h dietary records for three consecutive days, combined with the weighing method. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. The associations of dietary patterns with MetS and its components were examined by logistic regression analysis. Consequently, five distinct dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis, and the relationships between dietary patterns with MetS and its components were observed. After adjusting for covariates, the animal product and vegetable patterns may have a positive association with MetS; the condiment pattern was positively associated with low HDL-C; the fruit and junk food patterns had positive relationships with MetS, abdominal obesity and high TG; the cereals and tubers pattern was positively associated with MetS, abdominal obesity, high TG and low HDL-C; the beans pattern was positively associated with high TG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li He
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6623-7033
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10
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Messina M, Duncan A, Messina V, Lynch H, Kiel J, Erdman JW. The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970364. [PMID: 36034914 PMCID: PMC9410752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy is a hotly debated and widely discussed topic in the field of nutrition. However, health practitioners may be ill-equipped to counsel clients and patients about the use of soyfoods because of the enormous, and often contradictory, amount of research that has been published over the past 30 years. As interest in plant-based diets increases, there will be increased pressure for practitioners to gain a working knowledge of this area. The purpose of this review is to provide concise literature summaries (400-500 words) along with a short perspective on the current state of knowledge of a wide range of topics related to soy, from the cholesterol-lowering effects of soy protein to the impact of isoflavones on breast cancer risk. In addition to the literature summaries, general background information on soyfoods, soy protein, and isoflavones is provided. This analysis can serve as a tool for health professionals to be used when discussing soyfoods with their clients and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alison Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Lynch
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Kiel
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Beckman Institute, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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11
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Luhovyy BL, Kathirvel P. Food proteins in the regulation of blood glucose control. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:181-231. [PMID: 36064293 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food proteins, depending on their origin, possess unique characteristics that regulate blood glucose via multiple physiological mechanisms, including the insulinotropic effects of amino acids, the activation of incretins, and slowing gastric emptying rate. The strategies aimed at curbing high blood glucose are important in preventing impaired blood glucose control, including insulin resistance, prediabetes and diabetes. The effect of proteins on blood glucose control can be achieved with high-protein foods short-term, and high-protein diets long-term using foods that are naturally high in protein, such as dairy, meat, soy and pulses, or by formulating high-protein functional food products using protein concentrates and isolates, or blended mixtures of proteins from different sources. Commercial sources of protein powders are represented by proteins and hydrolysates of caseins, whey proteins and their fractions, egg whites, soy, yellow pea and hemp which will be reviewed in this chapter. The effective doses of food protein that are capable of reducing postprandial glycemia start from 7 to 10g and higher per serving; however, the origin of protein, and macronutrient composition of a meal will determine the magnitude and duration of their effect on glycemia. The theoretical and methodological framework to evaluate the effect of foods, including food proteins, on postprandial glycemia for substantiation of health claims on food has been proposed in Canada and is discussed in the context of global efforts to harmonize the international food regulation and labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan L Luhovyy
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Priya Kathirvel
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Efficacy and Safety of Omija (Schisandra chinensis) Extract Mixture on the Improvement of Hyperglycemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153159. [PMID: 35956334 PMCID: PMC9370295 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous animal study demonstrated that the administration of Omija extract and soybean mixture (OSM) improved glycemic control in the type 2 diabetes model. In this study, we conducted a 12-week, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the effects of OSM in humans with hyperglycemia. Participants with fasting plasma concentrations of 100–140 mg/dL were enrolled (n = 80) and administered either OSM or placebo products for 12 weeks. The outcomes included measurements of efficacy (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), postprandial insulin (PPI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-peptide, fructosamine, and lipid parameters) and safety at baseline and at 12 weeks. After the intervention, the OSM group showed significantly decreased levels of FPG, PPG (30, 60 min), PPI (60 min), insulin area under the curve (AUC), fructosamine, and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol compared to the placebo group. No clinically significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Therefore, it is hypothesized that OSM supplementation is an effective and safe functional food supplement for humans with hyperglycemia.
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Liu H, Wang Y, Zhu D, Xu J, Xu X, Liu J. Bioaccessibility and Application of Soybean Isoflavones: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinszhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinszhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinszhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinszhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinszhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shandong Yuwang Ecological Food Industry Co. Ltd, Yucheng, Shandong, China
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Mahmudiono T, Khaydarov NK, Jasim SA, Hammid AT, Failoc-Rojas VE, Shalaby MN, Jannat B, Nouri M, Fadel A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials on the effects of soy and soy products supplementation on serum adiponectin levels. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102558. [PMID: 35803164 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of soy and soy product supplementation on serum adiponectin levels. METHOD A systematic search was conducted using Medline (PubMed and Web of Science), Scopus, and Cochrane Library for eligible trials up to August 2020. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. RESULTS Seven trials were included in the overall analysis. Our analysis showed that soy and soy product supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin concentrations (WMD = -0.77 μg/ml, 95% CI: -0.61, 2.15, P = 0.27) in comparison with a placebo. The between-study heterogeneity was high (I2: 68.2%, P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis, based on participants' health status and duration of the supplementation, could not detect the potential source of the observed heterogeneity. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that the effect was not statistically significant in all subgroups. CONCLUSION Overall, soy and soy product supplementation did not change the circulatory adiponectin levels. In addition, the results were not affected by the participant's health status and duration of supplementation. However, further studies are needed to confirm the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | | | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Al-maarif University College, Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Behrooz Jannat
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abdulmnannan Fadel
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Ferraz Carbonel AA, da Silva RA, de Souza Ferreira LP, Vieira RR, dos Santos Simões R, da Silva Sasso GR, de Jesus Simões M, Soares Junior JM, Azevedo Lima PD, Borges FT. Isoflavone Protects the Renal Tissue of Diabetic Ovariectomized Rats via PPARγ. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132567. [PMID: 35807748 PMCID: PMC9268059 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes associated with post-menopause is related to a worse condition of kidney disease. Taking into consideration that this disorder may be regulated by estrogenic mediators, we evaluated the renal protective effect of isoflavone. We investigated the role of the PPARγ in the pathogenesis of the disease. For this study, we used diabetic female rats in a postmenopausal model through ovariectomy. The animals were treated with isoflavone or 17β-estradiol. A dosage was administered to bring on blood glycemia, and through immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the immunoreactivity of PPARγ in the endometrium and renal tissue. We analyzed the immunoreactivity of renal injury molecule KIM-1 and the collagen and glycogen densities in the kidney. Through bioinformatics analysis, we observed PPARγ and COL1A1 gene expression under the influence of different glucose doses. In particular, we observed that isoflavone and 17β-estradiol regulate blood glycemia. Renal injury was inhibited by isoflavone, observed by a reduction in KIM-1, along with glycogen accumulation. These benefits of isoflavone may be associated with PPARγ overexpression in the kidneys and endometrium of diabetic ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4268
| | - Rafael André da Silva
- Biosciences Graduate Program, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Philipe de Souza Ferreira
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Renata Ramos Vieira
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Ricardo dos Santos Simões
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (J.M.S.J.)
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares Junior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (J.M.S.J.)
| | | | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, SP, Brazil
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Effects of Soy Protein Containing of Isoflavones and Isoflavones Extract on Plasma Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women as a Potential Prevention Factor in Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082531. [PMID: 34444691 PMCID: PMC8398438 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the report was to evaluate the impact of soy protein containing isoflavones and soy isoflavones extract on lipid profile in postmenopausal women, as compared with placebo or protein of milk, casein or isolated soy protein with or without trace isoflavone content. We used the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Quantitative data synthesis was performed by applying a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to assess the modifiers of treatment response. In total, in the analysis studies, 2305 postmenopausal women took part. Changes in the lipid profile showed statistically significant decreases of total cholesterol by −0.12 (95% CI: −0.21, −0.03) mmol/L, −4.64 (95% CI: −8.12, −1.16) mg/dL, p = 0.01 and increased HDL-cholesterol by 0.03 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) mmol/L, 1.15 (95% CI: 0.00, 1.93) mg/dL, p = 0.05, as well as in LDL-cholesterol −0.05 (95% CI: −0.11, 0.01) mmol/L, −1.93 (95% CI: −4.25, 0.39) mg/dL, p = 0.08 and triacylglycerols −0.07 (95% CI: −0.14, 0.00) mmol/L, −6.123 (95% CI: −12.25, 0.00) mg/dL, p = 0.06. Our results suggests that soy and its isoflavones can be effective in correction changes in lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women and may favorably influence in preventing cardiovascular events.
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