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Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi SS, Mohamadzadeh M, Samadi N, Fazeli MR, Khaki S, Khameneh B, Khameneh Bagheri R. Management of Cardiovascular Diseases by Short-Chain Fatty Acid Postbiotics. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:294-313. [PMID: 38656688 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Global health concerns persist in the realm of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), necessitating innovative strategies for both prevention and treatment. This narrative review aims to explore the potential of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-namely, acetate, propionate, and butyrate-as agents in the realm of postbiotics for the management of CVDs. RECENT FINDINGS We commence our discussion by elucidating the concept of postbiotics and their pivotal significance in mitigating various aspects of cardiovascular diseases. This review centers on a comprehensive examination of diverse SCFAs and their associated receptors, notably GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a. In addition, we delve into the intricate cellular and pharmacological mechanisms through which these receptors operate, providing insights into their specific roles in managing cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. The integration of current information in our analysis highlights the potential of both SCFAs and their receptors as a promising path for innovative therapeutic approaches in the field of cardiovascular health. The idea of postbiotics arises as an optimistic and inventive method, presenting new opportunities for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sadeq Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Samadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazeli
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Khaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ramin Khameneh Bagheri
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Amino Acids during Pregnancy and Offspring Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:1263. [PMID: 38732510 PMCID: PMC11085482 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for normal pregnancy and fetal development. Disruptions in maternal amino acid metabolism have been associated with various adult diseases later in life, a phenomenon referred to as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). In this review, we examine the recent evidence highlighting the significant impact of amino acids on fetal programming, their influence on the modulation of gut microbiota, and their repercussions on offspring outcomes, particularly in the context of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Furthermore, we delve into experimental studies that have unveiled the protective effects of therapies targeting amino acids. These interventions have demonstrated the potential to reprogram traits associated with CKM in offspring. The discussion encompasses the challenges of translating the findings from animal studies to clinical applications, emphasizing the complexity of this process. Additionally, we propose potential solutions to overcome these challenges. Ultimately, as we move forward, future research endeavors should aim to pinpoint the most effective amino-acid-targeted therapies, determining the optimal dosage and mode of administration. This exploration is essential for maximizing the reprogramming effects, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Rao GM, Ramesh D, Sharma V, Sinha A, Hassan MM, Gandomi AH. AttGRU-HMSI: enhancing heart disease diagnosis using hybrid deep learning approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7833. [PMID: 38570560 PMCID: PMC10991318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a major global cause of mortality and a major public health problem for a large number of individuals. A major issue raised by regular clinical data analysis is the recognition of cardiovascular illnesses, including heart attacks and coronary artery disease, even though early identification of heart disease can save many lives. Accurate forecasting and decision assistance may be achieved in an effective manner with machine learning (ML). Big Data, or the vast amounts of data generated by the health sector, may assist models used to make diagnostic choices by revealing hidden information or intricate patterns. This paper uses a hybrid deep learning algorithm to describe a large data analysis and visualization approach for heart disease detection. The proposed approach is intended for use with big data systems, such as Apache Hadoop. An extensive medical data collection is first subjected to an improved k-means clustering (IKC) method to remove outliers, and the remaining class distribution is then balanced using the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE). The next step is to forecast the disease using a bio-inspired hybrid mutation-based swarm intelligence (HMSI) with an attention-based gated recurrent unit network (AttGRU) model after recursive feature elimination (RFE) has determined which features are most important. In our implementation, we compare four machine learning algorithms: SAE + ANN (sparse autoencoder + artificial neural network), LR (logistic regression), KNN (K-nearest neighbour), and naïve Bayes. The experiment results indicate that a 95.42% accuracy rate for the hybrid model's suggested heart disease prediction is attained, which effectively outperforms and overcomes the prescribed research gap in mentioned related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Madhukar Rao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad, 500075, India
| | - Dharavath Ramesh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
- Department of Computer Science, University of Economics and Human Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Computer Science Department, Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Delhi NCR, India
| | - Anurag Sinha
- Department of Computer Science, ICFAI Tech School, ICFAI University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- Computer Science and Engineering, Discipline Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Amir H Gandomi
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- University Research and Innovation Center (EKIK), Óbuda University, 1034, Budapest, Hungary.
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Waitzberg D, Guarner F, Hojsak I, Ianiro G, Polk DB, Sokol H. Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis? Adv Ther 2024; 41:901-914. [PMID: 38286962 PMCID: PMC10879266 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis corresponds to the disruption of a formerly stable, functionally complete microbiota. In the gut, this imbalance can lead to adverse health outcomes in both the short and long terms, with a potential increase in the lifetime risks of various noncommunicable diseases and disorders such as atopy (like asthma), inflammatory bowel disease, neurological disorders, and even behavioural and psychological disorders. Although antibiotics are highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is a common, non-negligible clinical sign of gut dysbiosis (and the only visible one). Re-establishment of a normal (functional) gut microbiota is promoted by completion of the clinically indicated course of antibiotics, the removal of any other perturbing external factors, the passage of time (i.e. recovery through the microbiota's natural resilience), appropriate nutritional support, and-in selected cases-the addition of probiotics. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials have confirmed the strain-specific efficacy of some probiotics (notably the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and the bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) in the treatment and/or prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and in adults. Unusually for a probiotic, S. boulardii is a eukaryote and is not therefore directly affected by antibiotics-making it suitable for administration in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. A robust body of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses shows that the timely administration of an adequately dosed probiotic (upon initiation of antibiotic treatment or within 48 h) can help to prevent or resolve the consequences of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis (such as diarrhoea) and promote the resilience of the gut microbiota and a return to the pre-antibiotic state. A focus on the prescription of evidence-based, adequately dosed probiotics should help to limit unjustified and potentially ineffective self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Waitzberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, LIM-35, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France.
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Kahhaleh FG, Barrientos G, Conrad ML. The gut-lung axis and asthma susceptibility in early life. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14092. [PMID: 38251788 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children, with more than 300 million cases worldwide. Over the past several decades, asthma incidence has grown, and epidemiological studies identify the modernized lifestyle as playing a strong contributing role in this phenomenon. In particular, lifestyle factors that modify the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy, or the infant microbiome in early life, can act as developmental programming events which determine health or disease susceptibility later in life. Microbial colonization of the gut begins at birth, and factors such as delivery mode, breastfeeding, diet, antibiotic use, and exposure to environmental bacteria influence the development of the infant microbiome. Colonization of the gut microbiome is crucial for proper immune system development and disruptions to this process can predispose a child to asthma development. Here, we describe the importance of early-life events for shaping immune responses along the gut-lung axis and why they may provide a window of opportunity for asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz G Kahhaleh
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melanie L Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Nutritional Approaches Targeting Gut Microbiota in Oxidative-Stress-Associated Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on Early Life Programming. Nutrients 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38474810 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) denotes a constellation of risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, with its roots potentially traced back to early life. Given the pivotal role of oxidative stress and dysbiotic gut microbiota in MetS pathogenesis, comprehending their influence on MetS programming is crucial. Targeting these mechanisms during the early stages of life presents a promising avenue for preventing MetS later in life. This article begins by examining detrimental insults during early life that impact fetal programming, ultimately contributing to MetS in adulthood. Following that, we explore the role of oxidative stress and the dysregulation of gut microbiota in the initiation of MetS programming. The review also consolidates existing evidence on how gut-microbiota-targeted interventions can thwart oxidative-stress-associated MetS programming, encompassing approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and the modulation of bacterial metabolites. While animal studies demonstrate the favorable effects of gut-microbiota-targeted therapy in mitigating MetS programming, further clinical investigations are imperative to enhance our understanding of manipulating gut microbiota and oxidative stress for the prevention of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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7
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Jain H, Marsool MDM, Goyal A, Sulaiman SA, Fatima L, Idrees M, Sharma B, Borra V, Gupta P, Nadeem A, Jain J, Ali H, Sohail AH. Unveiling the relationship between gut microbiota and heart failure: Recent understandings and insights. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102179. [PMID: 37923029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, which comprises a broad range of bacteria inhabiting the human intestines, plays a crucial role in establishing a mutually beneficial relationship with the host body. Dysbiosis refers to the perturbations in the composition or functioning of the microbial community, which can result in a shift from a balanced microbiota to an impaired state. This alteration has the potential to contribute to the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Heart failure (HF) is a largely prevalent clinical condition that has been demonstrated to have variations in the gut microbiome, indicating a potential active involvement in the pathogenesis and advancement of the disease. The exploration of the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and HF presents a potential avenue for the discovery of innovative biomarkers, preventive measures, and therapeutic targets. This review aims to investigate the impact of gut bacteria on HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hritvik Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India.
| | | | - Aman Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | - Bhavya Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baroda Medical College and SSG Hospital, Vadodara, India
| | - Vamsikalyan Borra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, United States
| | - Prakash Gupta
- Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation College of Medicine, San Carlos City, Philippines
| | - Abdullah Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jyoti Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Hassam Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, East Carolina University, North Carolina, United States
| | - Amir H Sohail
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Romero M, Duarte J. Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3686. [PMID: 37686718 PMCID: PMC10489656 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue, titled "Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Diseases", encompasses two comprehensive review articles examining the potential of gut-microbiota-targeted reprogramming interventions designed to prevent the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. The NOS/NO System in Renal Programming and Reprogramming. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1629. [PMID: 37627624 PMCID: PMC10451971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule with renoprotective properties. NO can be produced in NO synthase (NOS)-dependent or -independent manners. NO deficiency plays a decisive role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney development can be affected in response to adverse intrauterine conditions that induce renal programming, thereby raising the risk of developing CKD in adulthood. Conversely, detrimental programming processes could be postponed or halted prior to the onset of CKD by early treatments, namely reprogramming. The current review provides an overview of the NOS/NO research performed in the context of renal programming and reprogramming. NO deficiency has been increasingly found to interact with the different mechanisms behind renal programming, such as oxidative stress, aberrant function of the renin-angiotensin system, disturbed nutrient-sensing mechanisms, dysregulated hydrogen sulfide signaling, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The supplementation of NOS substrates, the inhibition of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), the administration of NO donors, and the enhancement of NOS during gestation and lactation have shown beneficial effects against renal programming in preclinical studies. Although human data on maternal NO deficiency and offspring kidney disease are scarce, experimental data indicate that targeting NO could be a promising reprogramming strategy in the setting of renal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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10
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Liu W, Tan Z, Geng M, Jiang X, Xin Y. Impact of the gut microbiota on angiotensin Ⅱ-related disorders and its mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115659. [PMID: 37330020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) consists of multiple angiotensin peptides and performs various biological functions mediated by distinct receptors. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the major effector of the RAS and affects the occurrence and development of inflammation, diabetes mellitus and its complications, hypertension, and end-organ damage via the Ang II type 1 receptor. Recently, considerable interest has been given to the association and interaction between the gut microbiota and host. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammatory diseases, and chronic kidney disease. Recent data have confirmed that Ang II can induce an imbalance in the intestinal flora and further aggravate disease progression. Furthermore, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is another player in RAS, alleviates the deleterious effects of Ang II, modulates gut microbial dysbiosis, local and systemic immune responses associated with coronavirus disease 19. Due to the complicated etiology of pathologies, the precise mechanisms that link disease processes with specific characteristics of the gut microbiota remain obscure. This review aims to highlight the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and its metabolites in Ang II-related disease progression, and summarize the possible mechanisms. Deciphering these mechanisms will provide a theoretical basis for novel therapeutic strategies for disease prevention and treatment. Finally, we discuss therapies targeting the gut microbiota to treat Ang II-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zining Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Mengrou Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Zhong X, Zhao Y, Huang L, Liu J, Wang K, Gao X, Zhao X, Wang X. Remodeling of the gut microbiome by Lactobacillus johnsonii alleviates the development of acute myocardial infarction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140498. [PMID: 36970663 PMCID: PMC10030800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe gut microbial community, which can be disturbed or repaired by changes in the internal environment, contributes to the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Gut probiotics play a role in microbiome remodeling and nutritional intervention post-AMI. A newly isolated Lactobacillus johnsonii strain EU03 has shown potential as a probiotic. Here, we investigated the cardioprotective function and mechanism of L. johnsonii through gut microbiome remodeling in AMI rats.MethodsA rat model of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD)-mediated AMI was assessed with echocardiography, histology, and serum cardiac biomarkers to evaluate the beneficial effects of L. johnsonii. The immunofluorescence analysis was utilized to visualize the intestinal barrier changes. Antibiotic administration model was used for assessing the gut commensals’ function in the improvement of cardiac function post-AMI. The underlying beneficial mechanism through L. johnsonii enrichment was further investigated by metagenomics and metabolomics analysis.ResultsA 28-day treatment with L. johnsonii protected cardiac function, delayed cardiac pathology, suppressed myocardial injury cytokines, and improved gut barrier integrity. The microbiome composition was reprogrammed by enhancing the abundance of L. johnsonii. Microbiome dysbiosis by antibiotics abrogated the improvement of cardiac function post-AMI by L. johnsonii. L. johnsonii enrichment caused remodeling of gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, and decreasing Romboutsia, Clostridia UCG-014, which were correlated with cardiac traits and serum metabolic biomarkers 16,16-dimethyl-PGA2, and Lithocholate 3-O-glucuronide.ConclusionThese findings reveal that gut microbiome remodeling by L. johnsonii ameliorates the cardiac function post-AMI and might advance microbiome-targeted nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yucui Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiumei Gao,
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Xin Zhao,
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Xiaoying Wang,
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12
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Inflammatory Response: A Crucial Way for Gut Microbes to Regulate Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030607. [PMID: 36771313 PMCID: PMC9921390 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is the largest and most complex microflora in the human body, which plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Over the past 20 years, the bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and extra-intestinal organs has been extensively studied. A better comprehension of the alternative mechanisms for physiological and pathophysiological processes could pave the way for health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common diseases that seriously threatens human health. Although previous studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, and coronary atherosclerosis, are closely related to gut microbiota, limited understanding of the complex pathogenesis leads to poor effectiveness of clinical treatment. Dysregulation of inflammation always accounts for the damaged gastrointestinal function and deranged interaction with the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the characteristics of gut microbiota in CVD and the significance of inflammation regulation during the whole process. In addition, strategies to prevent and treat CVD through proper regulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites are also discussed.
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Sheng M, Xu S, Chen WW, Li FQ, Zhong YM, Ouyang YX, Liao YL, Lai P. A bibliometric analysis of studies on the gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease from 2004 to 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1083995. [PMID: 36683688 PMCID: PMC9852829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota (GM) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many studies on the GM in CVD have been published in the last decade. However, bibliometric analysis in this field is still lacking. Methods On 30 September 2022, a search of the Web of Science™ (WoS; Clarivate™, Philadelphia, PA, USA) yielded 1,500 articles and reviews on the GM and CVD. Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze publication trends and research hotspots in this field. Results Our search generated 1,708 publications on the GM in CVD published between 2004 and 2022, and 1,500 articles and review papers were included in the final analysis. The number of publications relating to the GM in CVD increased from 1 in 2004 to 350 in 2021. China (485 publications, 9,728 non-self-citations, and an H-index of 47) and the USA (418 publications, 24,918 non-self-citations, and an H-index of 82) contributed 32.31%, and 27.85%, respectively, of the total number of publications. Examination of the number of publications (Np) and number of citations, excluding self-citations (Nc), of individual authors showed that Y. L. Tian (Np: 18, Nc: 262, and H-index: 12), from China, is the most productive author, followed by R. Knight (Np: 16, Nc: 3,036, and H-index: 15) and M. Nieuwdorp (Np: 16, Nc: 503, and H-index: 9). The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College accounted for the largest number of publications (Np: 62, Nc: 3,727, and H-index: 13, average citation number (ACN): 60.11). The journal Nutrients had the most publications (Np: 73, Nc: 2,036, and ACN: 27.89). The emerging keywords in this field were "monooxygenase 3" (strength 3.24, 2020-2022), "short-chain fatty acid" (strength 4.63, 2021-2022), "fatty liver disease" (strength 3.18, 2021-2022), "metabolic disease" (strength 3.04, 2021-2022), "Mediterranean diet" (strength 2.95, 2021-2022), "prevention" (strength 2.77, 2021-2022), and "intestinal barrier" (strength 2.8, 2021-2022). Conclusion Publications on the GM in CVD rapidly increased in the last decade. The USA was the most influential country in publications in this field, followed by China. The journal with the most publications was Nutrients. Monooxygenase-3, short-chain fatty acids, fatty liver disease, metabolic disease, the Mediterranean diet, intestinal barrier, and prevention are the current hotspots or potential hotspots for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sheng
- Department of Library, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuquan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fa-Quan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ouyang
- Department of Library, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong-Ling Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ping Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, He C, Fu C, Wei Q. The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:30. [PMID: 36219347 PMCID: PMC9554112 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Maternal Supplementation of Probiotics, Prebiotics or Postbiotics to Prevent Offspring Metabolic Syndrome: The Gap between Preclinical Results and Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710173. [PMID: 36077575 PMCID: PMC9456151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an extremely prevalent complex trait and it can originate in early life. This concept is now being termed the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Increasing evidence supports that disturbance of gut microbiota influences various risk factors of MetS. The DOHaD theory provides an innovative strategy to prevent MetS through early intervention (i.e., reprogramming). In this review, we summarize the existing literature that supports how environmental cues induced MetS of developmental origins and the interplay between gut microbiota and other fundamental underlying mechanisms. We also present an overview of experimental animal models addressing implementation of gut microbiota-targeted reprogramming interventions to avert the programming of MetS. Even with growing evidence from animal studies supporting the uses of gut microbiota-targeted therapies start before birth to protect against MetS of developmental origins, their effects on pregnant women are still unknown and these results require further clinical translation.
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Quinn MA, Pritchard AE, Visker JR, McPeek AC, Raghuvanshi R, Martin H C, Wellette-Hunsucker AG, Leszczynski EC, McCabe LR, Pfeiffer KA, Quinn RA, Ferguson DP. Longitudinal effects of growth restriction on the murine gut microbiome and metabolome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E159-E170. [PMID: 35658543 PMCID: PMC9423779 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00446.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Undernutrition-induced growth restriction in the early stages of life increases the risk of chronic disease in adulthood. Although metabolic impairments have been observed, few studies have characterized the gut microbiome and gut-liver metabolome profiles of growth-restricted animals during early-to-mid-life development. To induce growth restriction, mouse offspring were either born to gestational undernutrition (GUN) or suckled from postnatal undernutrition (PUN) dams fed a protein-restricted diet (8% protein) or control diet (CON; 20% protein) until weaning at postnatal age of 21 days (PN21). At PN21, all mice were fed the CON diet until adulthood (PN80). Livers were collected at PN21 and PN80, and fecal samples were collected weekly starting at PN21 (postweaning week 1) until PN80 (postweaning week 5) for gut microbiome and metabolome analyses. PUN mice exhibited the most alterations in gut microbiome and gut and liver metabolome compared with CON mice. These mice had altered fecal microbial β-diversity (P = 0.001) and exhibited higher proportions of Bifidobacteriales [linear mixed model (LMM) P = 7.1 × 10-6), Clostridiales (P = 1.459 × 10-5), Erysipelotrichales (P = 0.0003), and lower Bacteroidales (P = 4.1 × 10-5)]. PUN liver and fecal metabolome had a reduced total bile acid pool (P < 0.01), as well as lower abundance of riboflavin (P = 0.003), amino acids [i.e., methionine (P = 0.0018), phenylalanine (P = 0.0015), and tyrosine (P = 0.0041)], and higher excreted total peptides (LMM P = 0.0064) compared with CON. Overall, protein restriction during lactation permanently alters the gut microbiome into adulthood. Although the liver bile acids, amino acids, and acyl-carnitines recovered, the fecal peptides and microbiome remained permanently altered into adulthood, indicating that inadequate protein intake in a specific time frame in early life can have an irreversible impact on the microbiome and fecal metabolome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Undernutrition-induced early-life growth restriction not only leads to increased disease risk but also permanently alters the gut microbiome and gut-liver metabolome during specific windows of early-life development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Quinn
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Abby E Pritchard
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Joseph R Visker
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley C McPeek
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ruma Raghuvanshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan
| | - Christian Martin H
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan
| | - Austin G Wellette-Hunsucker
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Eric C Leszczynski
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan
| | - Karin A Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan
| | - David P Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Hsu CN, Yu HR, Chan JYH, Lee WC, Wu KLH, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Tain YL. Maternal Acetate Supplementation Reverses Blood Pressure Increase in Male Offspring Induced by Exposure to Minocycline during Pregnancy and Lactation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147924. [PMID: 35887270 PMCID: PMC9319590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports that hypertension can be programmed or reprogrammed by maternal nutrition. Maternal exposures during pregnancy, such as maternal nutrition or antibiotic use, could alter the offspring’s gut microbiota. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Acetate, the most dominant SCFA, has shown its antihypertensive effect. Limited information exists regarding whether maternal acetate supplementation can prevent maternal minocycline-induced hypertension in adult offspring. We exposed pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to normal diet (ND), minocycline (MI, 50 mg/kg/day), magnesium acetate (AC, 200 mmol/L in drinking water), and MI + AC from gestation to lactation period. At 12 weeks of age, four groups (n = 8/group) of male progeny were sacrificed. Maternal acetate supplementation protected adult offspring against minocycline-induced hypertension. Minocycline administration reduced plasma acetic acid level, which maternal acetate supplementation prevented. Additionally, acetate supplementation increased the protein level of SCFA receptor G protein-coupled receptor 41 in the offspring kidneys. Further, minocycline administration and acetate supplementation significantly altered gut microbiota composition. Maternal acetate supplementation protected minocycline-induced hypertension accompanying by the increases in genera Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Coprococcus. In sum, our results cast new light on targeting gut microbial metabolites as early interventions to prevent the development of hypertension, which could help alleviate the global burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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18
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Sodium Butyrate Modulates Blood Pressure and Gut Microbiota in Maternal Tryptophan-Free Diet-induced Hypertension Rat Offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109090. [PMID: 35724813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition, gut microbiome composition, and metabolites derived from gut microbiota are closely related to the development of hypertension in offspring. A plethora of metabolites generated from diverse tryptophan metabolic pathways show both beneficial and harmful effects. Butyrate, one of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), has shown vasodilation effects. We examined whether sodium butyrate administration in pregnancy and lactation can prevent hypertension induced by a maternal tryptophan-free diet in adult progeny and explored the protective mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received normal chow (CN), tryptophan-free diet (TF), sodium butyrate 400 mg/kg/day in drinking water (CNSB), or TF diet plus sodium butyrate (TFSB) in pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were sacrificed at the age of 16 weeks (n = 8 per group). Compared with normal chow, offspring exposed to the maternal tryptophan-free diet had markedly increased blood pressure, associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Treatment with sodium butyrate rescued maternal TF-exposed offspring from hypertension. The protective effect of sodium butyrate is related to alterations to microbiome composition, increased renal expression of SCFA receptor G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR109A, and restoration of RAS balance. In summary, these results suggest that sodium butyrate protects against maternal TF-induced offspring hypertension, likely by modulating gut microbiota, its derived metabolites, and the RAS.
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Novel Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for Prevention in Early-Life Origins of Hypertension: A Review Focusing on Preclinical Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126620. [PMID: 35743061 PMCID: PMC9223825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the largest group of phytochemicals with health benefits. Early life appears to offer a critical window of opportunity for launching interventions focused on preventing hypertension, as increasing evidence supports the supposition that hypertension can originate in early life. Although polyphenols have antihypertensive actions, knowledge of the potential beneficial action of the early use of polyphenols to avert the development of hypertension is limited. Thus, in this review, we first provide a brief summary of the chemistry and biological function of polyphenols. Then, we present the current epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting the early-life origins of hypertension. We also document animal data on the use of specific polyphenols as an early-life intervention to protect offspring against hypertension in adulthood and discuss underlying mechanisms. Continued research into the use of polyphenols to prevent hypertension from starting early in life will have far-reaching implications for future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-368-975; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Developmental and Early Life Origins of Hypertension: Preventive Aspects of Melatonin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:924. [PMID: 35624788 PMCID: PMC9138087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension represents a major disease burden worldwide. Abundant evidence suggests that hypertension can originate in early life. Adverse programming processes can be prevented by early life intervention-namely, reprogramming-to avoid developing chronic diseases later in life. Melatonin is an endogenously produced hormone with a multifaceted biological function. Although melatonin supplementation has shown benefits for human health, less attention has been paid to exploring its reprogramming effects on the early life origins of hypertension. In this review, first, we discuss the physiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, fetal development, and the regulation of blood pressure. Then, we summarize the epidemiological and experimental evidence for the early life origins of hypertension. This is followed by a description of the animal models used to examine early melatonin therapy as a reprogramming strategy to protect against the early life origins of hypertension. A deeper understanding of the developmental programming of hypertension and recent advances in early melatonin intervention might provide a path forward in reducing the global burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Hypertension of Developmental Origins: Consideration of Gut Microbiome in Animal Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040875. [PMID: 35453625 PMCID: PMC9030804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading cause of global disease burden. Hypertension can arise from early life. Animal models are valuable for giving cogent evidence of a causal relationship between various environmental insults in early life and the hypertension of developmental origins in later life. These insults consist of maternal malnutrition, maternal medical conditions, medication use, and exposure to environmental chemicals/toxins. There is a burgeoning body of evidence on maternal insults can shift gut microbiota, resulting in adverse offspring outcomes later in life. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in hypertension of developmental origins, while gut microbiota-targeted therapy, if applied early, is able to help prevent hypertension in later life. This review discusses the innovative use of animal models in addressing the mechanisms behind hypertension of developmental origins. We will also highlight the application of animal models to elucidate how the gut microbiota connects with other core mechanisms, and the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapy as a novel preventive strategy to prevent hypertension of developmental origins. These animal models have certainly enhanced our understanding of hypertension of developmental origins, closing the knowledge gap between animal models and future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-368-975; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota: What Is Their Connection in Early Life? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073954. [PMID: 35409313 PMCID: PMC9000069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut–kidney interaction implicating chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been the focus of increasing interest in recent years. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies could prevent CKD and its comorbidities. Considering that CKD can originate in early life, its treatment and prevention should start in childhood or even earlier in fetal life. Therefore, a better understanding of how the early-life gut microbiome impacts CKD in later life and how to develop ideal early interventions are unmet needs to reduce CKD. The purpose of the current review is to summarize (1) the current evidence on the gut microbiota dysbiosis implicated in pediatric CKD; (2) current knowledge supporting the impact of the gut–kidney axis in CKD, including inflammation, immune response, alterations of microbiota compositions, short-chain fatty acids, and uremic toxins; and (3) an overview of the studies documenting early gut microbiota-targeted interventions in animal models of CKD of developmental origins. Treatment options include prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, etc. To accelerate the transition of gut microbiota-based therapies for early prevention of CKD, an extended comprehension of gut microbiota dysbiosis implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on pediatric CKD for further clinical translation.
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Hypertension of Developmental Origins: Preventive Aspects of Antioxidant Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030511. [PMID: 35326161 PMCID: PMC8944751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Hypertension can originate in the early stages of life. A growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress, which is characterized as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nitric oxide (NO) disequilibrium, has a pivotal role in the hypertension of developmental origins. Results from animal studies support the idea that early-life oxidative stress causes developmental programming in prime blood pressure (BP)-controlled organs such as the brain, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels, leading to hypertension in adult offspring. Conversely, perinatal use of antioxidants can counteract oxidative stress and therefore lower BP. This review discusses the interaction between oxidative stress and developmental programming in hypertension. It will also discuss evidence from animal models, how oxidative stress connects with other core mechanisms, and the potential of antioxidant therapy as a novel preventive strategy to prevent the hypertension of developmental origins.
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Hsu CN, Yu HR, Chan JYH, Wu KLH, Lee WC, Tain YL. The Impact of Gut Microbiome on Maternal Fructose Intake-Induced Developmental Programming of Adult Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051031. [PMID: 35268005 PMCID: PMC8912426 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive or insufficient maternal nutrition can influence fetal development and the susceptibility of offspring to adult disease. As eating a fructose-rich diet is becoming more common, the effects of maternal fructose intake on offspring health is of increasing relevance. The gut is required to process fructose, and a high-fructose diet can alter the gut microbiome, resulting in gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. Current evidence from animal models has revealed that maternal fructose consumption causes various components of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring, while little is known about how gut microbiome is implicated in fructose-induced developmental programming and the consequential risks for developing chronic disease in offspring. This review will first summarize the current evidence supporting the link between fructose and developmental programming of adult diseases. This will be followed by presenting how gut microbiota links to common mechanisms underlying fructose-induced developmental programming. We also provide an overview of the reprogramming effects of gut microbiota-targeted therapy on fructose-induced developmental programming and how this approach may prevent adult-onset disease. Using gut microbiota-targeted therapy to prevent maternal fructose diet-induced developmental programming, we have the potential to mitigate the global burden of fructose-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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The impact of postmenopausal hormone therapy on the duodenal microbiome. Menopause 2022; 29:253-254. [PMID: 35131962 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pisano C, Benedetto U, Ruvolo G, Balistreri CR. Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Aorta Diseases as a Source of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets, with a Particular Focus on Ascending Aorta Aneurysms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020182. [PMID: 35204065 PMCID: PMC8868543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aorta diseases, such as ascending aorta aneurysm (AsAA), are complex pathologies, currently defined as inflammatory diseases with a strong genetic susceptibility. They are difficult to manage, being insidious and silent pathologies whose diagnosis is based only on imaging data. No diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or markers of outcome have been known until now. Thus, their identification is imperative. Certainly, a deep understanding of the mechanisms and pathways involved in their pathogenesis might help in such research. Recently, the key role of oxidative stress (OS) on the pathophysiology of aorta disease has emerged. Here, we describe and discuss these aspects by revealing some OS pathways as potential biomarkers, their underlying limitations, and potential solutions and approaches, as well as some potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Pisano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK;
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Hsu CN, Hou CY, Chang CI, Tain YL. Resveratrol Butyrate Ester Protects Adenine-Treated Rats against Hypertension and Kidney Disease by Regulating the Gut–Kidney Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010083. [PMID: 35052587 PMCID: PMC8772985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in pharma-nutritional management, chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains an increasingly prevalent disorder. Resveratrol, a pleiotropic phytochemical, has been found to reduce the risk for several chronic diseases. Considering the low bioavailability of resveratrol, we recently synthesized resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE) via the esterification of resveratrol with butyrate. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of RBE as regards protection from hypertension and kidney damage and explore the underlying mechanisms using a young rat adenine-induced CKD model. Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats received regular or 0.5% adenine chow for three weeks. Three groups of adenine-fed CKD rats (N = 8/group) received resveratrol (50 mg/L), or a low dose (25 mg/L) or high dose (50 mg/L) of RBE in drinking water from week 6 to week 12. As compared with the controls, adenine-treated rats had markedly increased creatinine levels and blood pressure, which was associated with renal hypertrophy and decreased creatinine clearance. Treatment with resveratrol or a low or high dose of RBE, similarly protected adenine-fed rats against hypertension and kidney damage. CKD-induced hypertension is associated with an altered gut microbiota profile, dysregulated renal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) receptor expression, activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. We found gut microbiota compositions were shaped differentially by resveratrol and RBE treatment in adenine-treated CKD rats. The beneficial effect of high-dose RBE was associated with reduced renal expression of SCFA G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78), antagonizing the AhR signaling pathway, and increased abundance of beneficial bacteria such as genera Akkermansia, Blautia, and Enterococcus. Our study provided the first evidence documenting RBE as a novel phytochemical supplement targeting the gut–kidney axis to protect against adenine-induced kidney damage and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (Y.-L.T.); Tel.: +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5185) (C.-I.C.); +886-975-056-995 (Y.-L.T.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (Y.-L.T.); Tel.: +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5185) (C.-I.C.); +886-975-056-995 (Y.-L.T.)
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Mediterranean Diet a Potential Strategy against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121389. [PMID: 34946334 PMCID: PMC8704657 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean Diet represents the traditional eating habits of populations living around the Mediterranean Sea, and it is associated with a lower risk of overall mortality and cancer incidence and cardiovascular diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a new pandemic, and represents a significant and critical threat to global human health. In this study, we aimed to review the possible effects of Mediterranean Diet against the risk of the coronavirus disease 2019. Several vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and phytochemicals with their potential anti-COVID-19 activity are presented. Different risk factors may increase or reduce the probability of contracting the disease. Mediterranean Diet has also a positive action on inflammation and immune system and could have a protective effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Further studies are needed to corroborate the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet protective role on infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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Hsu CN, Hou CY, Hsu WH, Tain YL. Early-Life Origins of Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms and Preventive Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111872. [PMID: 34769303 PMCID: PMC8584419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the leading global public-health burdens is metabolic syndrome (MetS), despite the many advances in pharmacotherapies. MetS, now known as "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD), can have its origins in early life. Offspring MetS can be programmed by various adverse early-life conditions, such as nutrition imbalance, maternal conditions or diseases, maternal chemical exposure, and medication use. Conversely, early interventions have shown potential to revoke programming processes to prevent MetS of developmental origins, namely reprogramming. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about adverse environmental insults implicated in MetS of developmental origins, including the fundamental underlying mechanisms. We also describe animal models that have been developed to study the developmental programming of MetS. This review extends previous research reviews by addressing implementation of reprogramming strategies to prevent the programming of MetS. These mechanism-targeted strategies include antioxidants, melatonin, resveratrol, probiotics/prebiotics, and amino acids. Much work remains to be accomplished to determine the insults that could induce MetS, to identify the mechanisms behind MetS programming, and to develop potential reprogramming strategies for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Chen Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Adverse Impact of Environmental Chemicals on Developmental Origins of Kidney Disease and Hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:745716. [PMID: 34721300 PMCID: PMC8551449 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.745716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension are becoming a global health challenge, despite developments in pharmacotherapy. Both diseases can begin in early life by so-called "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD). Environmental chemical exposure during pregnancy can affect kidney development, resulting in renal programming. Here, we focus on environmental chemicals that pregnant mothers are likely to be exposed, including dioxins, bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), heavy metals, and air pollution. We summarize current human evidence and animal models that supports the link between prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals and developmental origins of kidney disease and hypertension, with an emphasis on common mechanisms. These include oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system, reduced nephron numbers, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway. Urgent action is required to identify toxic chemicals in the environment, avoid harmful chemicals exposure during pregnancy and lactation, and continue to discover other potentially harmful chemicals. Innovation is also needed to identify kidney disease and hypertension in the earliest stage, as well as translating effective reprogramming interventions from animal studies into clinical practice. Toward DOHaD approach, prohibiting toxic chemical exposure and better understanding of underlying mechanisms, we have the potential to reduce global burden of kidney disease and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. The First Thousand Days: Kidney Health and Beyond. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101332. [PMID: 34683012 PMCID: PMC8544398 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising. A superior strategy to advance global kidney health is required to prevent and treat CKD early. Kidney development can be impacted during the first 1000 days of life by numerous factors, including malnutrition, maternal illness, exposure to chemicals, substance abuse, medication use, infection, and exogenous stress. In the current review, we summarize environmental risk factors reported thus far in clinical and experimental studies relating to the programming of kidney disease, and systematize the knowledge on common mechanisms underlying renal programming. The aim of this review is to discuss the primary and secondary prevention actions for enhancing kidney health from pregnancy to age 2. The final task is to address the potential interventions to target renal programming through updating animal studies. Together, we can enhance the future of global kidney health in the first 1000 days of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Hsu CN, Hou CY, Lee CT, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Tain YL. Maternal 3,3-Dimethyl-1-Butanol Therapy Protects Adult Male Rat Offspring against Hypertension Programmed by Perinatal TCDD Exposure. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093041. [PMID: 34578924 PMCID: PMC8467313 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal exposure to environmental pollutants affects fetal development, which can result in hypertension in adulthood. Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been associated with hypertension. We tested a hypothesis that maternal 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB, a TMA inhibitor) therapy prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure-induced hypertension in adult offspring relevant to alterations of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, the mediation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given weekly oral dose of TCDD 200 ng/kg for four doses (T), 1% DMB in drinking water (D), TCDD + DMB (TD), or vehicle (C) in pregnancy and lactation periods. Male progeny (n = 8/group) were sacrificed at the age of 12 weeks. Perinatal TCDD exposure caused hypertension in adult male offspring coinciding with reduced α-diversity, increased the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, less abundant beneficial bacteria, impaired SCFA receptors' expression, the activation of AHR signaling, and the aberrant activation of the RAS. Treatment with DMB during pregnancy and lactation rescued hypertension induced by perinatal TCDD exposure. This was accompanied by reshaping gut microbiota, mediating TMA-TMAO metabolic pathway, increasing acetic acid and its receptors, and restoring the AHR and RAS pathway. Our data provide new insights into the therapeutic potential of DMB, a microbiome-based metabolite treatment, for the prevention of hypertension of developmental origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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