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Wang T, He W, Chen Y, Gou Y, Ma Y, Du X, Wang Y, Yan W, Zhou H. Differential One-Carbon Metabolites among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)01019-8. [PMID: 39270851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driven by the complex multifactorial etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a growing interest surrounds the disturbance in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism (OCM) in the pathology of ASD, whereas the evidence remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVES The study aims to investigate the association of OCM metabolism and ASD and characterize differential OCM metabolites among children with ASD. METHODS Plasma OCM metabolites were investigated in 59 children with ASD and 40 neurotypical children using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technology. Differences (significance level < 0.001) were tested in each OCM metabolite between cases and controls. Multivariable models were also performed after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Ten out of 22 examined OCM metabolites were significantly different in children with ASD, compared with neurotypical controls. Specifically, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were increased, whereas S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), choline, glycine, L-serine, cystathionine, L-cysteine, and taurine levels were significantly decreased. Children with ASD showed significantly higher SAM/SAH ratio (3.87 ± 0.93 compared with 2.00 ± 0.76, P = 0.0001) and lower GSH/GSSG ratio [0.58 (0.46, 0.81) compared with 1.71 (0.93, 2.99)] compared with the neurotypical controls. Potential interactive effects between SAM/SAH ratio, taurine, L-serine, and gastrointestinal syndromes were further observed. CONCLUSIONS OCM disturbance was observed among children with ASD, particularly in methionine methylation and trans-sulfuration pathways. The findings add valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying ASD and the potential of ameliorating OCM as a promising therapeutic of ASD, which warrant further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wennan He
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology& Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Guizhou Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuxun Gou
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Du
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology& Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Guizhou Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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An R, Shen J, Zhang Z, Lim MT, Huynh DTT. Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Health-Related Outcomes and Nutritional Biomarkers in Children and Adolescents with Undernutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2970. [PMID: 39275285 PMCID: PMC11397335 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to synthesize scientific evidence on the effects of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on health-related outcomes and nutritional biomarkers among children and adolescents with undernutrition. The review protocol was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive keyword and reference search was conducted in seven electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Global Health, Web of Science, and Scopus. We identified 14 peer-reviewed articles reporting results from 13 unique studies (eight randomized controlled trials, four pre-post studies, and one observational study). Study participants were recruited from 14 countries/regions, with ages ranging from 1 to 14 years. Outcomes of interest include health-related outcomes (acute diseases and infections) and nutritional biomarkers (e.g., serum iron and zinc). Six of the eight studies examining acute diseases/infections and five of the seven examining nutritional biomarkers reported statistically significant improvement in some, but not all, outcomes. A meta-analysis of three studies found that ONS interventions reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) by 39% (95% CI, 0.42-0.91) in children at nutritional risk when compared to dietary counseling (DC) alone. This systematic review suggests that ONS interventions can improve certain health-related outcomes and nutritional biomarkers in undernourished children and adolescents. Specifically, the use of ONS significantly reduces the risk of URTI, highlighting its potential to enhance immune function and break the cycle of undernutrition and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, 20 Biopolis Way, 09-01/02 Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (Z.Z.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Meng Thiam Lim
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, 20 Biopolis Way, 09-01/02 Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (Z.Z.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Dieu T. T. Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Asia-Pacific Center, 20 Biopolis Way, 09-01/02 Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (Z.Z.); (M.T.L.)
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3
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Sait AM, Day PJR. Interconnections between the Gut Microbiome and Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8619. [PMID: 39201303 PMCID: PMC11354889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is known to accumulate amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein. Clinical studies have not identified pathogenesis mechanisms or produced an effective cure for AD. The Aβ monoclonal antibody lecanemab reduces Aβ plaque formation for the treatment of AD, but more studies are required to increase the effectiveness of drugs to reduce cognitive decline. The lack of AD therapy targets and evidence of an association with an acute neuroinflammatory response caused by several bacteria and viruses in some individuals has led to the establishment of the infection hypothesis during the last 10 years. How pathogens cross the blood-brain barrier is highly topical and is seen to be pivotal in proving the hypothesis. This review summarizes the possible role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD and feasible therapeutic approaches and current research limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M. Sait
- Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip J. R. Day
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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4
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Wang J, Li Y, Mu Y, Huang K, Li D, Lan C, Cui Y, Wang J. Missing microbes in infants and children in the COVID-19 pandemic: a study of 1,126 participants in Beijing, China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1739-1750. [PMID: 38748355 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many fatalities worldwide and continues to affect the health of the recovered patients in the form of long-COVID. In this study, we compared the gut microbiome of uninfected infants and children before the pandemic began (BEFORE cohort, n=906) to that of after the pandemic (AFTER cohort, n=220) to examine the potential impact of social distancing and life habit changes on infant/children gut microbiome. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, we found a significant change in microbiome composition after the pandemic, with Bacteroides enterotype increasing to 35.45% from 30.46% before the pandemic. qPCR quantification indicated that the bacterial loads of seven keystone taxa decreased by 91.69%-19.58%. Quantitative microbiome profiling, used to enhance the resolution in detecting microbiome differences, revealed a greater explained variance of pandemic on microbiome compared to gender, as well as a significant decrease in bacterial loads in 15 of the 20 major genera. The random forest age-predictor indicated the gut microbiomes were less mature in the after-pandemic cohort than in the before-pandemic cohort in the children group (3-12 years old) and had features of a significantly younger age (average of 1.86 years). Lastly, body weight and height were significantly lower in the after-pandemic cohort than in the before-pandemic cohort in infants (<1 year of age), which was associated with a decrease in bacterial loads in the fecal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejing Wang
- CAS Key Lab for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuejuan Li
- CAS Key Lab for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Mu
- Beijing Dr. CUIYUTAO Clinic, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Kefei Huang
- Beijing Dr. CUIYUTAO Clinic, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Danyi Li
- R-Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Canhui Lan
- R-Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Yutao Cui
- Beijing Dr. CUIYUTAO Clinic, Beijing, 100028, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Lab for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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5
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Ezz El Deen NM, Karem M, El Borhamy MI, Hanora AMS, Fahmy N, Zakeer S. Multivariate Analysis and Correlation Study Shows the Impact of Anthropometric and Demographic Variables on Gut Microbiota in Obese Egyptian Children. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:259. [PMID: 38972943 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Deciphering the gut microbiome's link to obesity is crucial. Our study characterized the gut microbial community in Egyptian children and investigated the effect of covariates on the gut microbiome, body mass index (BMI), geographical location, gender, and age. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gut microbial communities of 49 children. We then evaluated these communities for diversity, potential biomarkers, and functional capacity. Alpha diversity of the non-obese group was higher than that of the obese group (Chao1, P = 0.006 and observed species, P = 0.003). Beta diversity analysis revealed significant variations in the gut microbiome between the two geographical locations, Cairo and Ismailia (unweighted UniFrac, P = 0.03) and between obesity statuses, obese and non-obese (weighted UniFrac, P = 0.034; unweighted UniFrac, P = 0.015). We observed a significantly higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in obese males than in non-obese males (P = 0.004). Interestingly, this difference was not seen in females (P = 0.77). Multivariable association with linear models (MaAsLin2) identified 8 microbial features associated with obesity, 12 associated with non-obesity, and found 29 and 13 features specific to Cairo and Ismailia patients, respectively. It has also shown one microbial feature associated with patients under five years old. MaAsLin2, however, failed to recognize any association between gender and the gut microbiome. Moreover, it could find the most predominant features in groups 2-9 but not in group 1. Another method used in the analysis is the Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) approach, which effectively identified 19 biomarkers linked to obesity, 9 linked non-obesity, 20 linked to patients residing in Cairo, 14 linked to patients in Ismailia, one linked to males, and 12 linked to females. LEfSe could not, however, detect any prevalent bacteria among children younger or older than five. Future studies should take advantage of such correlations, specifically BMI, to determine the interventions needed for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Mohamed Ezz El Deen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Karem
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mervat Ismail El Borhamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amro Mohamed Said Hanora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Nora Fahmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samira Zakeer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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6
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Houngbédji M, Jespersen JS, Wilfrid Padonou S, Jespersen L. Cereal-based fermented foods as microbiota-directed products for improved child nutrition and health in sub-Saharan Africa. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38973125 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2365342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Several strategies, programs and policies have long been developed and implemented to alleviate child malnutrition in sub-Saharan African countries. However, stunting and wasting still persist at an alarming rate, suggesting that alternative strategies are needed to induce faster progress toward the 2030 SDGs targets of reducing malnutrition. Gut microbiota-directed intervention is now being recognized as an unconventional powerful approach to mitigate malnutrition and improve overall child health. In an African setting, manufactured probiotic and synbiotic foods or supplements may not be successful owing to the non-affordability and high attachment of African populations to their food tradition. This review analyses the potential of indigenous fermented cereal-based products including porridges, doughs, beverages, bread- and yoghurt-like products, to be used as microbiota-directed foods for over 6 months children. The discussion includes relevant strategies to effectively enhance the beneficial effects of these products on gut microbiota composition for improved child health and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. Characterization of probiotic features and general safety of food processing in sub-Saharan Africa as well as randomized clinical studies are still lacking to fully ascertain the health effects and suitability of these fermented foods in preventing and treating child malnutrition and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Houngbédji
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Technologies des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Jéricho, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, des Bioressources et de Nutrition Humaine, Université Nationale d'Agriculture, Sakété, Bénin
| | | | - Sègla Wilfrid Padonou
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Technologies des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Jéricho, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, des Bioressources et de Nutrition Humaine, Université Nationale d'Agriculture, Sakété, Bénin
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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7
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Ren J, Ren Y, Mu Y, Zhang L, Chen B, Li S, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Li S, Liu W, Cui Y, Li X. Microbial imbalance in Chinese children with diarrhea or constipation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13516. [PMID: 38866797 PMCID: PMC11169388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea and constipation are common health concerns in children. Numerous studies have identified strong association between gut microbiota and digestive-related diseases. But little is known about the gut microbiota that simultaneously affects both diarrhea and constipation or their potential regulatory mechanisms. Stool samples from 618 children (66 diarrhea, 138 constipation, 414 healthy controls) aged 0-3 years were collected to investigate gut microbiota changes using 16S rRNA sequencing. Compared with healthy, children with diarrhea exhibited a significant decrease in microbial diversity, while those with constipation showed a marked increase (p < 0.05). Significantly, our results firstly Ruminococcus increased in constipation (p = 0.03) and decreased in diarrhea (p < 0.01) compared to healthy controls. Pathway analysis revealed that Ruminococcus highly involved in the regulation of five common pathways (membrane transport, nervous system, energy metabolism, signal transduction and endocrine system pathways) between diarrhea and constipation, suggesting a potential shared regulatory mechanism. Our finding firstly reveals one core microorganisms that may affect the steady balance of the gut in children with diarrhea or constipation, providing an important reference for potential diagnosis and treatment of constipation and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yu Mu
- Dr. Cuiyutao Healthcare Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- Coyote Diagnostics Lab (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Binghan Chen
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qinyi Fang
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kejian Zhang
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sabrina Li
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yutao Cui
- Dr. Cuiyutao Healthcare Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
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8
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Chibuye M, Mende DR, Spijker R, Simuyandi M, Luchen CC, Bosomprah S, Chilengi R, Schultsz C, Harris VC. Systematic review of associations between gut microbiome composition and stunting in under-five children. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:46. [PMID: 38782939 PMCID: PMC11116508 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood stunting is associated with impaired cognitive development and increased risk of infections, morbidity, and mortality. The composition of the enteric microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of stunting. We systematically reviewed and synthesized data from studies using high-throughput genomic sequencing methods to characterize the gut microbiome in stunted versus non-stunted children under 5 years in LMICs. We included 14 studies from Asia, Africa, and South America. Most studies did not report any significant differences in the alpha diversity, while a significantly higher beta diversity was observed in stunted children in four out of seven studies that reported beta diversity. At the phylum level, inconsistent associations with stunting were observed for Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, and Bacteroidota phyla. No single genus was associated with stunted children across all 14 studies, and some associations were incongruent by specific genera. Nonetheless, stunting was associated with an abundance of pathobionts that could drive inflammation, such as Escherichia/Shigella and Campylobacter, and a reduction of butyrate producers, including Faecalibacterium, Megasphera, Blautia, and increased Ruminoccoccus. An abundance of taxa thought to originate in the oropharynx was also reported in duodenal and fecal samples of stunted children, while metabolic pathways, including purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, vitamin B biosynthesis, and carbohydrate and amino acid degradation pathways, predicted linear growth. Current studies show that stunted children can have distinct microbial patterns compared to non-stunted children, which could contribute to the pathogenesis of stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwelwa Chibuye
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Mende
- Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Spijker
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelo Simuyandi
- Research Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chaluma C Luchen
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Samuel Bosomprah
- Research Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Research Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- The Zambia National Public Health Institute (ZNPHI), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa C Harris
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wong CB, Huang H, Ning Y, Xiao J. Probiotics in the New Era of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): HMO Utilization and Beneficial Effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on Infant Health. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1014. [PMID: 38792843 PMCID: PMC11124435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for the immune system and overall development of infants. Bifidobacterium has been known to be a predominant species in the infant gut; however, an emerging concern is the apparent loss of this genus, in particular, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in the gut microbiome of infants in industrialized nations, underscoring the importance of restoring this beneficial bacterium. With the growing understanding of the gut microbiome, probiotics, especially infant-type human-residential bifidobacteria (HRB) strains like B. infantis, are gaining prominence for their unique ability to utilize HMOs and positively influence infant health. This article delves into the physiology of a probiotic strain, B. infantis M-63, its symbiotic relationship with HMOs, and its potential in improving gastrointestinal and allergic conditions in infants and children. Moreover, this article critically assesses the role of HMOs and the emerging trend of supplementing infant formulas with the prebiotic HMOs, which serve as fuel for beneficial gut bacteria, thereby emulating the protective effects of breastfeeding. The review highlights the potential of combining B. infantis M-63 with HMOs as a feasible strategy to improve health outcomes in infants and children, acknowledging the complexities and requirements for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyn Boon Wong
- International Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2, Higashi Shimbashi 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7122, Japan
| | - Huidong Huang
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., 36 Shitong Road, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Yibing Ning
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., 36 Shitong Road, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Jinzhong Xiao
- Morinaga Milk Industry (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Room 509 Longemont Yes Tower, No. 369 Kaixuan Road, Changning District, Shanghai 200050, China
- Department of Microbiota Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
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10
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Hardjo J, Selene NB. Stunting and Gut Microbiota: A Literature Review. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2024; 27:137-145. [PMID: 38818278 PMCID: PMC11134181 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2024.27.3.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stunting, a condition characterized by impaired growth and development in children, remains a major public health concern worldwide. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has shed light on the potential role of gut microbiota modulation in stunting. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to impaired nutrient absorption, chronic inflammation, altered short-chain fatty acid production, and perturbed hormonal and signaling pathways, all of which may hinder optimal growth in children. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing research exploring the bidirectional relationship between stunting and the gut microbiota. Although stunting can alter the gut microbial community, microbiota dysbiosis may exacerbate it, forming a vicious cycle that sustains the condition. The need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota to combat stunting is also discussed. Nutritional interventions, probiotics, and prebiotics are among the most promising approaches to modulate the gut microbiota and potentially ameliorate stunting outcomes. Ultimately, a better understanding of the gut microbiota-stunting nexus is vital for guiding evidence-based interventions that can improve the growth and development trajectory of children worldwide, making substantial strides toward reducing the burden of stunting in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Hardjo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital Ploso, East Java, Indonesia
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11
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Zoghi S, Sadeghpour Heravi F, Nikniaz Z, Shirmohamadi M, Moaddab SY, Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo H. Gut microbiota and childhood malnutrition: Understanding the link and exploring therapeutic interventions. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300070. [PMID: 38708416 PMCID: PMC11065333 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition is a metabolic condition that affects the physical and mental well-being of children and leads to resultant disorders in maturity. The development of childhood malnutrition is influenced by a number of physiological and environmental factors including metabolic stress, infections, diet, genetic variables, and gut microbiota. The imbalanced gut microbiota is one of the main environmental risk factors that significantly influence host physiology and childhood malnutrition progression. In this review, we have evaluated the gut microbiota association with undernutrition and overnutrition in children, and then the quantitative and qualitative significance of gut dysbiosis in order to reveal the impact of gut microbiota modification using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineering biology methods as new therapeutic challenges in the management of disturbed energy homeostasis. Understanding the host-microbiota interaction and the remote regulation of other organs and pathways by gut microbiota can improve the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches and mitigate the negative consequences of childhood malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Zoghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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12
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Zare MJ, Ahmadi A, Dehbozorgi S, Zare M, Hejazi N. The Association Between Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) and Nutrient Adequacy with Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Sleep Habits, and Autistic Traits. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06328-z. [PMID: 38607471 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsane Ahmadi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Dehbozorgi
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Hejazi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Addae HY, Apprey C, Kwarteng A. Gut Microbiome-Targeted Nutrition Interventions and Growth among Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102085. [PMID: 38455707 PMCID: PMC10918490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood malnutrition is a public health challenge of much interest and concern globally. However, a perturbed gut microbiome (GM) may limit some nutrition interventions' effects among healthy children with undernutrition. Objectives This review aimed to evaluate the effects of GM-targeted nutrition interventions on growth outcomes among children (0-59 mo) using published studies in low- and middle-income countries. Methods The methods were guided by the Cochrane methodology. The literature search was conducted to include articles published from inception to July 2023 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Databases. We identified and included 35 studies among 11,047 children. The analysis was conducted considering various growth parameters in the qualitative synthesis and weight gain (kg) in the meta-analysis. Results In the qualitative synthesis, 55.6% of prebiotics, 66.7% of probiotics, 71.4% of synbiotics, and 28.6% of "microbiome complementary feed" studies had significant effects on growth outcomes. Also, prebiotics had more studies with significant effects among healthy children, whereas probiotics, synbiotics, and "microbiome complementary feeds" had more studies with significant effects among children with undernutrition. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analyses, of which 7 (36.8%) measured GM outcomes. The meta-analysis showed that prebiotics exhibited heterogeneity but had significant effects on weight in the intervention as compared with the control (mean difference [MD]: 0.14 kg; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.25; I2 = 63%, P = 0.02; 4 studies, n = 932). Probiotics had significant effects on weight in the intervention (MD: 0.15 kg; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.25; I2 = 42%, P = 0.05; 8 studies, n = 2437) as compared to the control. However, synbiotics (MD: 0.26 kg; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.56; I2 = 41%, P = 0.17; 4 studies, n = 1896] and "microbiome complementary feed" (MD: -0.03 kg; 95% CI: -0.18, 0.11; I2 = 0%, P = 0.60; 3 studies, n = 733] had no significant effects on weight in the intervention as compared with control. Conclusions Although probiotics and synbiotics may be effective at enhancing growth among children, the selection of interventions should be contingent upon health status.This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42023434109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammond Yaw Addae
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery Training College, Kpembe, Ghana
| | - Charles Apprey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
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14
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Lan Y, Hu Y, Guo Y, Ali F, Amjad N, Ouyang Q, Almutairi MH, Wang D. Microbiome analysis reveals the differences in gut fungal community between Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106566. [PMID: 38309310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Similar to gut bacterial community, gut fungal community are also an important part of the gut microbiota and play crucial roles in host immune regulation and metabolism. However, most studies have focused on the gut bacterial community, and research on the gut fungal community has been limited. Dutch Warmblood (DWH) and Mongolian horses (MGH) are important equine breeds, but little research has been done on their gut fungal community. Here, we assessed differences in gut fungal community between two horse species. Results showed that a total of 2159 OTUs were found in the Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses, of which 308 were common. Between-group analyzes of microbial diversity showed no differences in the alpha and beta diversity of gut fungal community between the two horse species. Microbiological taxonomic surveys showed that the dominant fungal phyla (Neocallimastigomycota and Ascomycota) and genera (unclassified_Neocallimastigaceae and Anaeromyces) were the same without being affected by species. Although the types of dominant fungal phyla did not change, the abundances of some fungal genera changed significantly. Results of Metastats analysis showed that there were a total of 206 fungal genera that were significantly different between the two horses, among which 78 genera showed an increase and 127 genera significantly decreased in Dutch Warmblood horses compared with Mongolian horses. In conclusion, this study investigated the composition and structure of the gut fungal community of Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses and found significant differences in gut fungal community between both breeds. Notably, this is the first exploration of the differences in the gut fungal community of both breeds, which may help to understand the distribution characteristics of the gut fungal community of different breeds of horses and reveal the differences in the traits of different horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Lan
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | | | - Farah Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Amjad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongjing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa City, Tibet, 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Highland Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa City, Tibet, 850009, China.
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15
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Afroz M, Bhuia MS, Rahman MA, Hasan R, Islam T, Islam MR, Chowdhury R, Khan MA, Antas E Silva D, Melo Coutinho HD, Islam MT. Anti-diarrheal effect of piperine possibly through the interaction with inflammation inducing enzymes: In vivo and in silico studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176289. [PMID: 38158111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Piperine is a natural alkaloid that possesses a variety of therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticarcinogenic activities. The present study aims to assess the medicinal benefits of piperine as an anti-diarrheal agent in a chick model by utilizing in vivo and in silico techniques. For this, castor oil was administered orally to 2-day-old chicks to cause diarrhea. Bismuth subsalicylate (10 mg/kg), loperamide (3 mg/kg), and nifedipine (2.5 mg/kg) were used as positive controls, while the vehicle was utilized as a negative control. Two different doses (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) of the test sample (piperine) were administered orally, and the highest dose was tested with standards to investigate the synergistic activity of the test sample. In our findings, piperine prolonged the latent period while reducing the number of diarrheal feces in the experimental chicks during the monitoring period (4 h). At higher doses, piperine appears to reduce diarrheal secretion while increasing latency in chicks. Throughout the combined pharmacotherapy, piperine outperformed bismuth subsalicylate and nifedipine in terms of anti-diarrheal effects with loperamide. In molecular docking, piperine exhibited higher binding affinities towards different inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase 1 (-7.9 kcal/mol), cyclooxygenase 2 (-8.4 kcal/mol), nitric oxide synthases (-8.9 kcal/mol), and L-type calcium channel (-8.8 kcal/mol), indicating better interaction of PP with these proteins. In conclusion, piperine showed a potent anti-diarrheal effect in castor oil-induced diarrheal chicks by suppressing the inflammation and calcium ion influx induced by castor oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher Afroz
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh.
| | - Rubel Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Tawhida Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rakibul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | | | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
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Ruan X, Ou J, Chen Y, Diao J, Huang P, Song X, Wei J, Sun M, Shi H, Li L, Tang J, Liu H, Qin J. Associated factors of undernutrition in children with congenital heart disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1167460. [PMID: 38348213 PMCID: PMC10859474 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1167460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who have not undergone surgeries in China. Methods This cross-sectional study included 734 CHD children along with their parents. The outcome of interest was undernutrition, including underweight, wasting, and stunting, defined as Z-scores (i.e., weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and height-for-age) ≤-2, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standard. Exposures of interest, containing demographics, obstetric factors, maternal dietary factors, parents' life behaviors and habits, birth-related factors, cardiac-related factors, and preoperative factors, were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model to test their associations with undernutrition in CHD children. Results Overall, 36.1%, 29.7%, and 21.3% of cases were underweight, wasted, and stunted, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that underweight was associated with demographic factors (including parents' occupational status, family income, and maternal body mass index pre-pregnancy), low birth weight (OR = 4.60, 2.76-7.70), pulmonary hypertension (OR = 4.46, 3.09-6.43), and pneumonia (OR = 1.88, 1.28-2.76). Artificially-fed children were 2.34 (1.36-4.01) times more likely to be underweight. Occupied mothers (OR = 0.62, 0.44-0.88) and fathers (OR = 0.49, 0.26-0.92) served as protective factors, while mothers having gestational complications (OR = 1.56, 1.11-2.18) and exposed to noisy environment (OR = 1.64, 1.11-2.42) during this pregnancy, and pulmonary hypertension (OR = 3.21, 2.30-4.49) increased the chance of wasting in offspring. The odds of being stunted were greater in families with >2 children (OR = 1.88, 1.13-3.14), placental abruption during this pregnancy (OR = 25.15, 2.55-247.89), preterm births (OR = 1.84, 1.02-3.31), low birth weight (OR = 3.78, 2.16-6.62), pulmonary hypertension (OR = 2.35, 1.56-3.53) and pneumonia (OR = 1.93, 1.28-2.90). In subgroup analyses, the associations differed between patients with different feeding patterns (breastfeeding vs. non-breastfeeding), CHD classifications (cyanotic vs. acyanotic), and prematurity (preterm vs. non-preterm). Conclusion Undernutrition is common in preoperative CHD children. Familial demographics, maternal factors (including having gestational complications and exposure to noisy environment during pregnancy), and patient-related factors (encompassing preterm births, low birth weight, pulmonary hypertension, pneumonia, and feeding pattern) were found to contribute to undernutrition in CHD cases. However, associated factors among the three subgroups of distinct feeding patterns, CHD categorization, and prematurity exhibited varied outcomes, suggesting the necessity for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Ou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yige Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Diao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xinli Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongqiang Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiapeng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Mostafa I, Sthity RA, Lamiya UH, Tariqujjaman M, Mahfuz M, Hasan SMT, Ahmed T. Effect of Gut Microbiota-Directed Complementary Food Supplementation on Fecal and Plasma Biomarkers of Gut Health and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Slum-Dwelling Children with Moderate Acute Malnutrition. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:69. [PMID: 38255381 PMCID: PMC10814735 DOI: 10.3390/children11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with a gut microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) significantly improved weight gain and repaired gut microbiota, as reported in a recent randomized controlled trial on Bangladeshi children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a small bowel disorder, and recent evidence shows that it is linked to growth failure in children. Therefore, we intended to investigate whether supplementation with MDCF-2 has any role in modifying gut health by changing the levels of biomarkers of EED and gut inflammation in children with MAM. We randomly assigned 124 children aged 12-18 months to one of two intervention diets, either MDCF-2 or ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF). Approximately 50 g of the diet was administered in two feeding sessions daily for 12 weeks. Stool and plasma biomarkers were assessed to evaluate intestinal health. Results showed that the average change in citrulline concentration (µmol/L) significantly increased among children who consumed MDCF-2 compared to those who consumed RUSF (mean difference-in-differences: 123.10; 95% CI: 3.60, 242.61; p = 0.044). The research findings demonstrated that MDCF-2 might have a beneficial effect on improving the gastrointestinal health of malnourished children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Mostafa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (R.A.S.); (U.H.L.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (S.M.T.H.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Rahvia Alam Sthity
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (R.A.S.); (U.H.L.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (S.M.T.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Umme Habiba Lamiya
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (R.A.S.); (U.H.L.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (S.M.T.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Md. Tariqujjaman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (R.A.S.); (U.H.L.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (S.M.T.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (R.A.S.); (U.H.L.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (S.M.T.H.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - S. M. Tafsir Hasan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (R.A.S.); (U.H.L.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (S.M.T.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (R.A.S.); (U.H.L.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (S.M.T.H.); (T.A.)
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Zeng Z, Quan C, Zhou S, Gong S, Iqbal M, Kulyar MFEA, Nawaz S, Li K, Li J. Gut microbiota and metabolic modulation by supplementation of polysaccharide-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Tibetan Yaks: A comprehensive multi-omics analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127808. [PMID: 37926310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and their metabolic processes depend on the intricate interplay of gut microbiota and their metabolic processes. Bacillus licheniformis, a beneficial food supplement, has shown promising effects on stabilizing gut microbiota and metabolites. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of polysaccharide-producing B. licheniformis as a dietary supplement on the gut microbiome and metabolites through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological analysis, high-throughput sequencing (HTS), and metabolomics. Our findings revealed that the B. licheniformis-treated group exhibited significantly increased jejunal goblet cells. Moreover, gut microbial diversity was lower in the treatment group as compared to the control, accompanied by noteworthy shifts in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Enrichment of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiales_bacterium contrasted with reduced levels of Campylobacterota, Proteobacteria, Parasutterella, and Helicobacter. Notably, the treatment group showed significant weight gain after 33 days, emphasizing the polysaccharide's impact on host metabolism. Delving into gut metabolomics, we discovered significant alterations in metabolites. Nine metabolites, including olprinone, pyruvic acid, and 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate, were upregulated, while eleven, including defoslimod and voclosporin were down-regulated, shedding light on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and the glucagon signaling pathway. This comprehensive multi-omics analysis offers compelling insights into the potential of B. licheniformis as a dietary polysaccharide supplement for gut health and host metabolism, promising significant implications for gut-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chuxian Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Saisai Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet 860000, PR China.
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Zhou DT, Mudhluli TE, Hall LJ, Manasa J, Munyati S. A Scoping Review of Gut Microbiome and Bifidobacterium Research in Zimbabwe: Implications for Future Studies. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2023; 14:483-496. [PMID: 38145055 PMCID: PMC10743709 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s414766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota play a key role in host health, with certain Bifidobacterium strains critical for immune development. The healthy gut of breastfed infants is dominated by these pioneer microbes, especially the strains that feed on human milk oligosaccharides. Objective This is a scoping review of gut microbiome research from Zimbabwe. It focuses on distribution and dynamic changes of bifidobacteria, and milk components that promote growth of microbes in infants, together with the distribution of associated gut microbes in adults. Design Online databases were searched for publications from 2000 to 2023. Results and Analysis Fourteen publications on microbiota of infants and adults were included in this scoping review. Most were cross-sectional, while three were clinical trials/cohort protocols. Publications focused on pediatrics (78.5%), pregnant women (14.3%), and men (7.2%). Zimbabwe has a high burden of HIV; hence 35.7% of study populations were delineated by HIV status. The laboratory methods used included shotgun metagenomics (62%) or 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Almost 85% of the studies focused on total microbiome profiles and rarely reported the distribution of different Bifidobacterium species and variants. None of the papers studied human breast milk composition. There were reports of reduced abundance of beneficial genera in pregnant women, children, and adolescents living with HIV. Additionally, gut microbiota was reported to be poorly predictive of child growth and vaccine response, though this was not conclusive. Conclusion There are few studies that characterize the gut microbiome by Zimbabwe-based researchers. However, studies on strain level diversity of Bifidobacterium and other key microbes, and their role in health during and beyond infancy, lag behind in Zimbabwe and other low- and middle-income countries. Such cohorts are needed to inform future mechanistic studies and downstream translational work such as next-generation probiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai T Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Taona E Mudhluli
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Intestinal Microbiome, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Justen Manasa
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Shungu Munyati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Fetriyuna F, Purwestri RC, Jati IR, Setiawan B, Huda S, Wirawan NN, Andoyo R. Ready-to-use therapeutic/supplementary foods from local food resources: Technology accessibility, program effectiveness, and sustainability, a review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22478. [PMID: 38046154 PMCID: PMC10686882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) or Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) has been widely used in home-based treatment for severely and moderately acute malnourished children. These programs showed positive results in short term nutritional recovery in children, which were reported in some research settings. Nowadays, the RUTF/RUSF formulation has been improved using a variety of RUTF/RUSF from locally available food ingredients. This paper aims to review the essential aspects of the development and provision of RUTF/RUSF made from local food resources and monitor program effectiveness that warrants the program's sustainability. The modified recipes of RUTF/RUSF were developed following the international dietary guidelines for the rehabilitation of severely and moderately acute malnourished children. The local production of RUTF/RUSF provided some benefits that include empowering the local community, consideration of the common eating pattern, promoting the diversification of food consumption, strengthening food security, as well as supporting the sustainability of RUTF/RUSF production. Results of the PRISMA-based systematic literature review revealed various ingredient developments and processing techniques which could improve the product characteristics and sensory evaluation. RUTF/RUSF in local food production provided different food carriers (e.g., biscuits, wafers) and seemed to be more readily accepted by the children. Furthermore, the program sustainability of RUTF/RUSF depends on a continuous ingredients supply and support from the local government. The findings presented the importance of development of such food supplements based on the local food resources and with improved technology for prevention and rehabilitation of malnourished children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fetriyuna Fetriyuna
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Institute for Nutritional Science (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Study Center for the Development of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri
- Institute for Nutritional Science (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ignasius R.A.P. Jati
- Department of Food Technology, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, 60265, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Setiawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma, Surabaya, East Java, 60225, Indonesia
| | - Syamsul Huda
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Study Center for the Development of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nia Novita Wirawan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Robi Andoyo
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Study Center for the Development of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
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Park S, Kang S. Association of Pooled Fecal Microbiota on Height Growth in Children According to Enterotypes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:801-810. [PMID: 37771005 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between fecal microbiota and height in children has yielded conflicting findings, warranting further investigation into potential differences in fecal bacterial composition between children with short stature and those of standard height based on enterotypes (ETs). METHODS According to the height z score for age and gender, the children were categorized into normal-stature (NS; n = 335) and short-stature (SS; n = 152) groups using a z score of -1.15 as a separator value. The human fecal bacterial FASTA/Q files (n = 487) were pooled and analyzed with the QIIME 2 platform with the National Center for Biotechnology Information alignment search tool. According to ETs, the prediction models by the machine learning algorithms were used for explaining SS, and their quality was validated. RESULTS The proportion of SS was 16.4% in ET Enterobacteriaceae (ET-E) and 68.1% in Prevotellaceae (ET-P). The Chao1 and Shannon indexes were significantly lower in the SS than in the NS groups only in ET-P. The fecal bacteria related to SS from the prediction models were similar regardless of ETs. However, in network analysis, the negative correlations between fecal bacteria in the NS and SS groups were much higher in the ET-P than in the ET-E. In the metagenome function, fecal bacteria showed an inverse association of biotin and secondary bile acid synthesis and downregulation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1-driven phosphoinositide 3-kinase Akt signaling and AMP-kinase signaling in the SS group compared with the NS group in both ETs. CONCLUSION The gut microbial compositions in children were associated with height. Strategies to modify and optimize the gut microbiota composition should be investigated for any potential in promoting height in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- From the Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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22
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Alvarado-Peña N, Galeana-Cadena D, Gómez-García IA, Mainero XS, Silva-Herzog E. The microbiome and the gut-lung axis in tuberculosis: interplay in the course of disease and treatment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1237998. [PMID: 38029121 PMCID: PMC10643882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that remains a significant global health challenge. The extensive use of antibiotics in tuberculosis treatment, disrupts the delicate balance of the microbiota in various organs, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. This gut-lung axis involves dynamic interactions among immune cells, microbiota, and signaling molecules from both organs. The alterations of the microbiome resulting from anti-TB treatment can significantly influence the course of tuberculosis, impacting aspects such as complete healing, reinfection, and relapse. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the gut-lung axis in the context of tuberculosis, with a specific focus on the impact of anti-TB treatment on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Alvarado-Peña
- Clínica de Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, México City, Mexico
| | - David Galeana-Cadena
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Alejandra Gómez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México City, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico
| | - Xavier Soberón Mainero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Silva-Herzog
- Laboratorio de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, México City, Mexico
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Menezes CA, Zanette DL, Magalhães LB, da Silva JT, Lago RMRS, Gomes AN, dos Santos RA, Ladeia AMT, Vianna NA, Oliveira RR. Higher Bifidobacterium spp. fecal abundance is associated with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk markers among schoolchildren from Bahia, Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290813. [PMID: 37856463 PMCID: PMC10586616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has recently been the subject of considerable scientific interest due to its essential bodily functions. Several factors can change the composition and function of the gut microbiome, and dietary habits are one of the most important contributors. Despite the recognition of the probiotic effects related to the genus Bifidobacterium spp. (BIF) studies aiming to assess its relationship with metabolic outcomes show conflicting results, particularly in the child population. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the fecal abundance of BIF in a group of schoolchildren from public schools in Bahia, Brazil, and to investigate their relationship with food consumption and laboratory and anthropometric characteristics. A sample of 190 subjects aged 5 to 19y was randomly selected for dietary, laboratory, and anthropometric assessment. Fecal BIF abundance assessment was performed using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. Fecal BIF abundance was higher among subjects who had lower intakes of meat. The abundance of BIF was also higher among subjects with lower Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR). Low BIF abundance was associated with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (PR 1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.07, p = 0.001) and high WHtR (PR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1, 08, p = 0.015). These findings allow us to conclude that BIF fecal abundance is related to dietary and anthropometric parameters in schoolchildren, and its increase is associated with positive metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla A. Menezes
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dalila L. Zanette
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Letícia B. Magalhães
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Tereza da Silva
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexvon N. Gomes
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ronald A. dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Nelzair A. Vianna
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Oliveira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Xiang X, Chen J, Zhu M, Gao H, Liu X, Wang Q. Multiomics Revealed the Multi-Dimensional Effects of Late Sleep on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Children in Northwest China. Nutrients 2023; 15:4315. [PMID: 37892391 PMCID: PMC10609417 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep plays a pivotal role in children's mental and physical development and has been linked to the gut microbiota in animals and adults. However, the characteristics of the gut microbiota and metabolites and the relationship to late bedtimes in children remain unclear. Methods In total, 88 eligible children, aged from 3 to 8 years, were recruited and divided into two groups according to the bedtime collected by designed questionnaires (early, before 22:00: n = 48; late, after 22:00, n = 40). Stools and plasma samples were collected to examine the characteristics of the gut microbiota and metabolites by shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics. Results The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota in children with early bedtime were significantly increased compared with the late ones. Coprococcus, Collinsella, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were significantly more abundant in children with early bedtime, while Bacteroides and Clostridium sp. CAG-253 were obviously enriched in the late ones. A total of 106 metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of ribonucleotide, peptidoglycan, and amino acids, and starch degradation were enriched in children with early bedtime, while 42 pathways were abundant in those with late bedtime. Notably, more gut microbial metabolites were observed in children with late bedtime, which included aldehyde, ketones, esters, amino acids and their metabolites, benzene and substituted derivatives, bile acids, heterocyclic compounds, nucleotide and metabolites, organic acid and derivatives, sugars and acyl carnitine. In plasma, fatty amides, lipids, amino acids, metabolites, hormones, and related compounds were enriched in children with early bedtime, while bile acids were higher in children with late bedtime. Association studies revealed that the different microbial species were correlated with metabolites from gut microbiota and plasma. Conclusions The results of our study revealed that the gut microbiota diversity and richness, and metabolic pathways were significantly extensive in children with early bedtime, whereas the gut microbial metabolites were significantly decreased, which might be related to gut microbial differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.X.)
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.X.)
| | - Huiyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.X.)
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.X.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Arjomand Fard N, Bording-Jorgensen M, Wine E. A Potential Role for Gut Microbes in Mediating Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:363. [PMID: 37807005 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have been associated with several inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and found to have an impact on gut microbiota. In fact, some randomized controlled studies suggest benefits to IBD patients, but others do not. Our aim was to review recent evidence on the effects of omega-3 on IBD and establish the contribution of the gut microbiome. Omega-3 mediate anti-inflammatory effects in IBD through various mechanisms, including suppression of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) signaling; this results in the repression of the nuclear factor-kappa B (Nf-kB) pathway and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Omega-3 can also affect gut microbiota and revert the bacterial community to patterns associated with healthy status by increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and enhancing the mucosal gut barrier, thus promoting homeostasis. The combination of these immunoregulatory effects and anti-inflammation properties with the promotion of a balanced gut microbiome environment could suggest that omega-3 might benefit IBD patients. Considering the microbiota of IBD patients while using omega-3 might predict and improve omega-3 effectiveness. Combining omega-3 with bacteria-altering therapy, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, may further enhance its efficacy; however, further studies are required to elucidate mechanisms and potential preventive or treatment roles of omega-3 in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Arjomand Fard
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2X8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Michael Bording-Jorgensen
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87Th Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2X8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87Th Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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Rao YK, Baranwal V, Midha T, Javed A, Kumari P. A Randomized Controlled Trial on Comparison of Clinical Outcome in Uncomplicated SAM Managed with and without Antibiotics. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:994-999. [PMID: 37261708 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical outcome of management of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) at community level with antibiotics vs. without antibiotics. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted on children aged 6 to 59 mo with uncomplicated SAM, selected randomly from rural areas of Kanpur. A total of 100 children were enroled and were randomized into two groups, the intervention group who were given antibiotics for a week and the control group who were not given antibiotics. Rest of the management was same. Demographic, clinical and anthropometric details of each child were taken. RESULTS Gender and socio-economic status was comparable in both the groups. Anthropometric parameters (mean weight for age, height for age and weight for height) in both the groups were not significantly different at the time of enrolment and also at two weeks follow-up. At 2 wk follow-up, weight/height Z score in the intervention and control group were -1.29±0.84 and -1.45±0.93, respectively (p value = 0.436). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that whether antibiotics were given or not in the management of children with uncomplicated SAM, improvement in clinical and anthropometric parameters was seen without any significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Kumar Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Vaishnavi Baranwal
- Department of Pediatrics, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanu Midha
- Department of Community Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arij Javed
- Department of Pediatrics, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragati Kumari
- Department of Pediatrics, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ma L, Xu H, Zhang Z, Li L, Lin Z, Qin H. Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and dietary practices among parents of children and adolescents in Weifang, China: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102396. [PMID: 37705881 PMCID: PMC10495675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parent's nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and dietary practices (KAP) play imperative roles in preventing malnutrition for themselves and their children. Our study aimed to determine the status and contributing factors of nutrition KAP among parents of children and adolescents. A total of 1746 parents (mean age 39.67 ± 5.38 years, females accounting for 69.82%) of primary and junior high school students in Weifang, China, completed a self-reported KAP questionnaire in August 2021. An analysis of Pearson product-moment correlation was conducted to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Chi-square test, followed by a multivariable robust Poisson regression analysis, was performed to identify the contributing factors to parents' KAP. A 65.94% awareness rate of nutritional knowledge was observed. The correlations between nutrition knowledge and attitudes (r = 0.03, P = 0.23), knowledge and practices (r = 0.02, P = 0.34), and attitudes and practices (r = 0.16, P < 0.01) were relatively weak. After adjusting for other contributing factors, females [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.45], participants with secondary education (PR = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.60-13.50), junior college education (PR = 5.87, 95% CI = 2.01-17.13) and college degree or above education (PR = 6.58, 95% CI = 2.25-19.23) acquired higher nutrition knowledge scores. Moreover, healthy diet behaviors were more commonly implemented by females than males (PR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.14-1.76), and which needed to be improved in those with abnormal body mass indexes (BMIs) [overweight (PR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.74-0.99) and obese (PR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.56-0.99)]. It was necessary for nutrition KAP promotion to be emphasized in nutritional knowledge and dietary practices, as well as health behavior guidance, especially for parents with low education and elevated BMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Ma
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotongxi Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Huasheng Xu
- Department of Health Education, Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 4801 Huixian Road, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotongxi Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Liyang Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotongxi Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotongxi Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotongxi Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Hao Qin
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotongxi Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
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Widjaja F, Rietjens IMCM. From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 37893032 PMCID: PMC10603957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition, viability and metabolic functionality of intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease. Studies on intestinal microbiota are often based on fecal samples, because these can be sampled in a non-invasive way, although procedures for sampling, processing and storage vary. This review presents factors to consider when developing an automated protocol for sampling, processing and storing fecal samples: donor inclusion criteria, urine-feces separation in smart toilets, homogenization, aliquoting, usage or type of buffer to dissolve and store fecal material, temperature and time for processing and storage and quality control. The lack of standardization and low-throughput of state-of-the-art fecal collection procedures promote a more automated protocol. Based on this review, an automated protocol is proposed. Fecal samples should be collected and immediately processed under anaerobic conditions at either room temperature (RT) for a maximum of 4 h or at 4 °C for no more than 24 h. Upon homogenization, preferably in the absence of added solvent to allow addition of a buffer of choice at a later stage, aliquots obtained should be stored at either -20 °C for up to a few months or -80 °C for a longer period-up to 2 years. Protocols for quality control should characterize microbial composition and viability as well as metabolic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Al-Taj MA, Al Serouri A, Al-Muradi AM, Al-Dharhani E, Al-faeq NN, Al-amodi FM, Abdulwahab MM, Nawfal AM, Alshemerry MH, Mujahed MA. Concurrent wasting and stunting among marginalised children in Sana'a city, Yemen: a cross-sectional study. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e91. [PMID: 37587974 PMCID: PMC10425760 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) is a serious form of malnutrition among young children, particularly vulnerable groups affected by the conflict. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of WaSt among vulnerable children is important to develop effective intervention measures to reduce the burden of WaSt. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for WaSt among marginalised children aged 6-59 months in Sana'a city, Yemen. A community-based cross-sectional design was conducted on a total sample size of 450 marginalised children aged 6-59 months who lived at home with their mothers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed and the prevalence of WaSt was found to be 10⋅7 %. Children aged 24-59 months were protected from WaSt (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0⋅40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0⋅21, 0⋅75). A higher prevalence of WaSt was associated with male sex (AOR 2⋅31, 95 % CI 1⋅13, 4⋅71), no history of being breastfed (AOR 3⋅57, 95 % CI 1⋅23, 10⋅39), acute diarrhoea (AOR 2⋅12, 95 % CI 1⋅12, 4⋅02) and family income sources of assistance from others (AOR 2⋅74, 95 % CI 1⋅08, 6⋅93) or salary work (AOR 2⋅22, 95 % CI 1⋅10, 4⋅47). Continued breast- and bottle-feeding were not associated with WaSt in children aged 6-23 months. Mothers' age, education and work status, family size and drinking water source were not associated with WaSt. Overall, we found that the prevalence of WaSt among marginalised children remained high. Interventions to improve household income, hygienic conditions and child feeding practices are necessary to promote child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Abdu Al-Taj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Abdulwahed Al Serouri
- Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen
| | | | | | - Nada Nabil Al-faeq
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | | | | | - Ali Mujahed Nawfal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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Andres SF, Zhang Y, Kuhn M, Scottoline B. Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192936. [PMID: 37545496 PMCID: PMC10401430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic undernutrition is a major cause of death for children under five, leaving survivors at risk for adverse long-term consequences. This review focuses on the role of nutrients in normal intestinal development and function, from the intestinal epithelium, to the closely-associated mucosal immune system and intestinal microbiota. We examine what is known about the impacts of undernutrition on intestinal physiology, with focus again on the same systems. We provide a discussion of existing animal models of undernutrition, and review the evidence demonstrating that correcting undernutrition alone does not fully ameliorate effects on intestinal function, the microbiome, or growth. We review efforts to treat undernutrition that incorporate data indicating that improved recovery is possible with interventions focused not only on delivery of sufficient energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients, but also on efforts to correct the abnormal intestinal microbiome that is a consequence of undernutrition. Understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiome in the undernourished state and correction of the phenotype is both complex and a subject that holds great potential to improve recovery. We conclude with critical unanswered questions in the field, including the need for greater mechanistic research, improved models for the impacts of undernourishment, and new interventions that incorporate recent research gains. This review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanistic effects of undernutrition on the intestinal ecosystem to better treat and improve long-term outcomes for survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Andres
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline Kuhn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Calva-Cruz ODJ, Ovando-Vázquez C, De León-Rodríguez A, Veana F, Espitia-Rangel E, Treviño S, Barba-de la Rosa AP. Dietary Supplementation with Popped Amaranth Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Low Height-for-Age Children: A Nonrandomized Pilot Trial. Foods 2023; 12:2760. [PMID: 37509852 PMCID: PMC10379428 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaranth has been recognized as a nutraceutical food because it contains high-quality proteins due to its adequate amino acid composition that covers the recommended requirements for children and adults. Since pre-Hispanic times, amaranth has been consumed as popped grain; the popping process improves its nutritive quality and improves its digestibility. Popped amaranth consumption has been associated with the recovery of malnourished children. However, there is no information on the impact that popped amaranth consumption has on gut microbiota composition. A non-randomized pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the changes in composition, structure, and function of the gut microbiota of stunted children who received four grams of popped amaranth daily for three months. Stool and serum were collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were quantified, and gut bacterial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biometry and hematology results showed that children had no pathology other than low height-for-age. A decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides coprocola, and Bacteroides stercoris bacteria related to inflammation and colitis, and an increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Streptococcus thermophiles bacteria associated with health and longevity, was observed. The results demonstrate that popped amaranth is a nutritious food that helps to combat childhood malnutrition through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- CONACYT-Centro Nacional de Supercómputo, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Antonio De León-Rodríguez
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Veana
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles 79010, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Espitia-Rangel
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Texcoco 56250, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Ana Paulina Barba-de la Rosa
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
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Batool M, Saleem J, Zakar R, Iqbal S, Shahzad R, Butt MS, Haider S, Fischer F. Double-Blind Parallel Treatment Randomized Controlled Trial of Prebiotics' Efficacy for Children Experiencing Severe Acute Malnutrition in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050783. [PMID: 37238332 DOI: 10.3390/children10050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of malnutrition among children under five is alarmingly high in Pakistan. However, there are ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) available which may be used to treat children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). This study aims to assess the efficacy of prebiotics as a synergistic additive to RUTF to enhance blood parameters and anthropometric measurements in children with uncomplicated SAM living in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A double-blind parallel treatment randomized controlled trial was conducted on 204 children aged 6-59 months. Participants were randomized and allocated to the placebo (n = 102) or experimental arms (n = 102) in a 1:1 ratio. One group of children was provided with RUTF and 4 g prebiotics, while the other group was given RUTF and starch as a placebo. Participants recruited for both arms were given treatment for eight weeks, and then their biochemical and anthropometric outcomes were evaluated. A substantial difference between the mean weight, mid-upper-arm circumference, haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and albumin was revealed. During the two-month follow-up phase of the trial, children who were enrolled in the treatment group gained about 20% of their initial weight (pre-study mean weight = 5.44 ± 1.35 kg; post-study mean weight = 6.53 ± 1.45 kg). The analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) between the control and treatment groups for MUAC and complete blood counts. Conclusively, supplementation with RUTF and prebiotics has proven to be an efficient, effective, and safe therapy for children suffering from SAM to improve their growth and development indicators and reduce the dangers of malnutrition in comparison to RUTF alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Batool
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Saleem
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rubeena Zakar
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sanaullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ruhma Shahzad
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahroz Haider
- Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan 60600, Pakistan
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Chancharoenthana W, Kamolratanakul S, Schultz MJ, Leelahavanichkul A. The leaky gut and the gut microbiome in sepsis - targets in research and treatment. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:645-662. [PMID: 37083032 PMCID: PMC10133873 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Both a leaky gut (a barrier defect of the intestinal surface) and gut dysbiosis (a change in the intestinal microbial population) are intrinsic to sepsis. While sepsis itself can cause dysbiosis, dysbiosis can worsen sepsis. The leaky gut syndrome refers to a status with which there is an increased intestinal permeability allowing the translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood circulation. It is not just a symptom of gastrointestinal involvement, but also an underlying cause that develops independently, and its presence could be recognized by the detection, in blood, of lipopolysaccharides and (1→3)-β-D-glucan (major components of gut microbiota). Gut-dysbiosis is the consequence of a reduction in some bacterial species in the gut microbiome, as a consequence of intestinal mucosal immunity defect, caused by intestinal hypoperfusion, immune cell apoptosis, and a variety of enteric neuro-humoral-immunity responses. A reduction in bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids could change the intestinal barriers, leading to the translocation of pathogen molecules, into the circulation where it causes systemic inflammation. Even gut fungi might be increased in human patients with sepsis, even though this has not been consistently observed in murine models of sepsis, probably because of the longer duration of sepsis and also antibiotic use in patients. The gut virobiome that partly consists of bacteriophages is also detectable in gut contents that might be different between sepsis and normal hosts. These alterations of gut dysbiosis altogether could be an interesting target for sepsis adjuvant therapies, e.g., by faecal transplantation or probiotic therapy. Here, current information on leaky gut and gut dysbiosis along with the potential biomarkers, new treatment strategies, and future research topics are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit (TITRU), Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Kamolratanakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit (TITRU), Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care and Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Oriá RB, Freitas RS, Roque CR, Nascimento JCR, Silva AP, Malva JO, Guerrant RL, Vitek MP. ApoE Mimetic Peptides to Improve the Vicious Cycle of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections by Targeting the Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041086. [PMID: 37111572 PMCID: PMC10141726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) mimetic peptides are engineered fragments of the native apoE protein’s LDL-receptor binding site that improve the outcomes following a brain injury and intestinal inflammation in a variety of models. The vicious cycle of enteric infections and malnutrition is closely related to environmental-driven enteric dysfunction early in life, and such chronic inflammatory conditions may blunt the developmental trajectories of children with worrisome and often irreversible physical and cognitive faltering. This window of time for microbiota maturation and brain plasticity is key to protecting cognitive domains, brain health, and achieving optimal/full developmental potential. This review summarizes the potential role of promising apoE mimetic peptides to improve the function of the gut-brain axis, including targeting the blood-brain barrier in children afflicted with malnutrition and enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-85-3366-8239
| | - Raul S. Freitas
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Cássia R. Roque
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | - José Carlos R. Nascimento
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medicine, University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia, Redenção 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João O. Malva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael P. Vitek
- Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Balaji V, Dinh DM, Kane AV, Soofi S, Ahmed I, Rizvi A, Chatterjee M, Babji S, Duara J, Moy J, Naumova EN, Wanke CA, Ward HD, Bhutta ZA. Longitudinal Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota among a Cohort of Children in Rural and Urban Areas of Pakistan. Nutrients 2023; 15:1213. [PMID: 36904212 PMCID: PMC10005232 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The profile of the intestinal microbiota is known to be altered in malnourished young children in low- and middle-income countries. However, there are limited studies longitudinally evaluating the intestinal microbiota in malnourished young children in resource-limited settings over the first two years of life. In this longitudinal pilot study, we determined the effect of age, residential location, and intervention on the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in a representative sample of children under 24 months of age with no diarrhea in the preceding 72 h in the urban and rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan nested within a cluster-randomized trial evaluating the effect of zinc and micronutrients on growth and morbidity (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00705445). The major findings were age-related with significant changes in alpha and beta diversity with increasing age. There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla and a significant decrease in that of the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla (p < 0.0001). There were significant increases in the relative abundances of the major genera Bifidobacterium, Escherichia/Shigella and Streptococcus (p < 0.0001), and no significant change in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Using the LEfSE algorithm, differentially abundant taxa were identified between children in the first and second years of age, between those residing in rural and urban areas, and those who received different interventions at different ages from 3 to 24 months. The numbers of malnourished (underweight, wasted, stunted) or well-nourished children at each age, in each intervention arm, and at urban or rural sites were too small to determine if there were significant differences in alpha or beta diversity or differentially abundant taxa among them. Further longitudinal studies with larger numbers of well-nourished and malnourished children are required to fully characterize the intestinal microbiota of children in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeraraghavan Balaji
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | - Duy M. Dinh
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Anne V. Kane
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sajid Soofi
- Division of Nutrition Data Sciences, Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmed
- Division of Nutrition Data Sciences, Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Rizvi
- Division of Nutrition Data Sciences, Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Meera Chatterjee
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sudhir Babji
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | - Joanne Duara
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joy Moy
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Elena N. Naumova
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christine A. Wanke
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Honorine D. Ward
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Division of Nutrition Data Sciences, Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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Suta S, Surawit A, Mongkolsucharitkul P, Pinsawas B, Manosan T, Ophakas S, Pongkunakorn T, Pumeiam S, Sranacharoenpong K, Sutheeworapong S, Poungsombat P, Khoomrung S, Akarasereenont P, Thaipisuttikul I, Suktitipat B, Mayurasakorn K. Prolonged Egg Supplement Advances Growing Child's Growth and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051143. [PMID: 36904143 PMCID: PMC10005095 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition still impacts children's growth and development. We investigated the prolonged effects of egg supplementation on growth and microbiota in primary school children. For this study, 8-14-year-old students (51.5% F) in six rural schools in Thailand were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) whole egg (WE), consuming 10 additional eggs/week (n = 238) (n = 238); (2) protein substitute (PS), consuming yolk-free egg substitutes equivalent to 10 eggs/week (n = 200); and (3) control group (C, (n = 197)). The outcomes were measured at week 0, 14, and 35. At the baseline, 17% of the students were underweight, 18% were stunted, and 13% were wasted. At week 35, compared to the C group the weight and height difference increased significantly in the WE group (3.6 ± 23.5 kg, p < 0.001; 5.1 ± 23.2 cm, p < 0.001). No significant differences in weight or height were observed between the PS and C groups. Significant decreases in atherogenic lipoproteins were observed in the WE, but not in PS group. HDL-cholesterol tended to increase in the WE group (0.02 ± 0.59 mmol/L, ns). The bacterial diversity was similar among the groups. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium increased by 1.28-fold in the WE group compared to the baseline and differential abundance analysis which indicated that Lachnospira increased and Varibaculum decreased significantly. In conclusion, prolonged whole egg supplementation is an effective intervention to improve growth, nutritional biomarkers, and gut microbiota with unaltered adverse effects on blood lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophida Suta
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Apinya Surawit
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pichanun Mongkolsucharitkul
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Bonggochpass Pinsawas
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thamonwan Manosan
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Suphawan Ophakas
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Tanyaporn Pongkunakorn
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Pumeiam
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Patcha Poungsombat
- Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pravit Akarasereenont
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Iyarit Thaipisuttikul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Bhoom Suktitipat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Korapat Mayurasakorn
- Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-9-4189-3266
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Quaye EK, Adjei RL, Isawumi A, Allen DJ, Caporaso JG, Quaye O. Altered Faecal Microbiota Composition and Structure of Ghanaian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3607. [PMID: 36835017 PMCID: PMC9962333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a disease of global public health importance. Recent studies show that children with AGE have an altered gut microbiota relative to non-AGE controls. Yet, how the gut microbiota differs in Ghanaian children with and without AGE remains unclear. Here, we explore the 16S rRNA gene-based faecal microbiota profiles of Ghanaian children five years of age and younger, comprising 57 AGE cases and 50 healthy controls. We found that AGE cases were associated with lower microbial diversity and altered microbial sequence profiles relative to the controls. The faecal microbiota of AGE cases was enriched for disease-associated bacterial genera, including Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus. In contrast, the faecal microbiota of controls was enriched for potentially beneficial genera, including Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides. Lastly, distinct microbial correlation network characteristics were observed between AGE cases and controls, thereby supporting broad differences in faecal microbiota structure. Altogether, we show that the faecal microbiota of Ghanaian children with AGE differ from controls and are enriched for bacterial genera increasingly associated with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kofi Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
| | - Raymond Lovelace Adjei
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Animal Research Institute, Accra P.O. Box AH 20, Ghana
| | - Abiola Isawumi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
| | - David J. Allen
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - J. Gregory Caporaso
- Centre for Applied Microbiome Science, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
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Role of Nutrition in Pediatric Patients with Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030710. [PMID: 36771416 PMCID: PMC9920596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with cancer are at high risk for developing short-term and long-term nutritional problems related to their underlying disease and side effects of multimodal treatments. Nutritional status (NS) can influence several clinical outcomes, such as overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), treatment tolerance, risk of developing infections and quality of life (QoL). However, the importance of nutrition in children with cancer is still underestimated. This review focuses on alterations of NS that occurs in children during cancer treatment. In particular, we reviewed the pathogenesis of undernutrition in oncological children, as well as how NS affects treatment tolerance and response, the immune system and the risk of infections of children with cancer. Thanks to recent advances in all types of supportive therapy and to the progress of knowledge on this topic, it has been realized that NS is a modifiable prognostic factor that can be intervened upon to improve the outcome of these patients. Currently, there is a lack of a systematic approach and standard recommendations for nutritional care in the pediatric cancer population. Literature analysis showed that it is essential to define the NS and treat any alterations in a timely manner ensuring proper growth and development. Nutritional follow-up should become an integral part of the care pathway. Regular nutritional monitoring should be performed at diagnosis, during treatment and during follow-up. A close collaboration and sharing of expertise between pediatric oncologists and nutrition specialists, combined with careful and participatory sharing of the feeding experience with the family and the child (after age 6 years), is strongly required.
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Oldenburg CE, Hinterwirth A, Dah C, Millogo O, Coulibaly B, Ouedraogo M, Sié A, Chen C, Zhong L, Ruder K, Lebas E, Nyatigo F, Arnold BF, O’Brien KS, Doan T. Gut Microbiome among Children with Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Azithromycin versus Amoxicillin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:206-211. [PMID: 36509053 PMCID: PMC9833071 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are routinely used as part of the management of severe acute malnutrition and are known to reduce gut microbial diversity in non-malnourished children. We evaluated gut microbiomes in children participating in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of azithromycin versus amoxicillin for severe acute malnutrition. Three hundred one children aged 6 to 59 months with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (mid-upper arm circumference < 11.5 cm and/or weight-for-height Z-score < -3 without clinical complications) were enrolled in a 1:1 RCT of single-dose azithromycin versus a 7-day course of amoxicillin (standard of care). Of these, 109 children were randomly selected for microbiome evaluation at baseline and 8 weeks. Rectal swabs were processed with metagenomic DNA sequencing. We compared alpha diversity (inverse Simpson's index) at 8 weeks and evaluated relative abundance of microbial taxa using DESeq2. Of 109 children enrolled in the microbiome study, 95 were followed at 8 weeks. We found no evidence of a difference in alpha diversity between the azithromycin and amoxicillin groups at 8 weeks controlling for baseline diversity (mean difference -0.6, 95% CI -1.8 to 0.6, P = 0.30). Gut microbiomes did not diversify during the study. Differentially abundant genera at the P < 0.01 level included Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp., both of which were overabundant in the azithromycin compared with amoxicillin groups. We found no evidence to support an overall difference in gut microbiome diversity between azithromycin and amoxicillin among children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition, but potentially pathogenic bacteria that can cause invasive diarrhea were more common in the azithromycin group. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03568643.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Oldenburg
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Armin Hinterwirth
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Clarisse Dah
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Ali Sié
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Cindi Chen
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lina Zhong
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevin Ruder
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Elodie Lebas
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Fanice Nyatigo
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin F. Arnold
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kieran S. O’Brien
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Thuy Doan
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Amoebic Dysentery Complicated by Hypovolemic Shock and Sepsis in an Infant with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Case Report. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010165. [PMID: 36677457 PMCID: PMC9865698 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal disease continues to be a leading cause of death in children under five years old in developing countries, where it is responsible for the death of approximately half a million children each year. Establishing the cause of diarrheal disease can be difficult in developing areas due to the lack of diagnostic tests, and thus empirical therapies are often required. In these settings, the choice of antibiotic (or the choice to not give it) depends on suspected agents, host conditions and local epidemiology. Herein, we report a representative case of a ten-month-old male patient with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admitted to the Emergency Paediatric Clinic in Port Sudan for amoebic dysentery complicated by hypovolemic shock and sepsis, treated by target therapy for Entamoeba histolytica infection associated with empiric antibiotic therapy. Due to the absence of clinical improvement, Ciprofloxacin was added to the first-line treatment. This case highlights that in low-income countries amoebiasis, especially in children with SAM, may result in life-threatening complications. Although stool microscopy remains the most used diagnostic test in these settings, a novel inexpensive, easy to use and rapid diagnostic test would be warranted to reach a microbiological diagnosis and guide clinical decision. Further studies will be necessary to identify the patterns of antimicrobial resistance in order to appropriately manage these complicated cases.
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Pohl H, de Latour R, Reuben A, Ahuja NK, Gayam S, Kohli R, Agrawal D, Omary MB. GI Multisociety Strategic Plan on Environmental Sustainability. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1695-1701.e2. [PMID: 36270827 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Pohl
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rabia de Latour
- Bellevue Hospital, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nitin K Ahuja
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Swapna Gayam
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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42
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Pohl H, de Latour R, Reuben A, Ahuja NK, Gayam S, Kohli R, Agrawal D, Omary MB. GI multisociety strategic plan on environmental sustainability. Hepatology 2022; 76:1836-1844. [PMID: 36256467 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Pohl
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River JunctionVermontUSA.,Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Rabia de Latour
- NYU Grossman School of MedicineBellevue HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nitin K Ahuja
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Swapna Gayam
- West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Dell Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexasUSA
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and MedicineRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
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GI Multisociety Strategic Plan on Environmental Sustainability. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1911-1916. [PMID: 36255194 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pohl H, de Latour R, Reuben A, Ahuja NK, Gayam S, Kohli R, Agrawal D, Omary MB. GI multisociety strategic plan on environmental sustainability. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 96:881-886.e2. [PMID: 36270824 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Pohl
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Rabia de Latour
- Bellevue Hospital, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nitin K Ahuja
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Swapna Gayam
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Díaz-Rodríguez K, Pacheco-Aranibar J, Manrique-Sam C, Ita-Balta Y, del Carpio-Toia AM, López-Casaperalta P, Chocano-Rosas T, Fernandez-F F, Villanueva-Salas J, Bernabe-Ortiz JC. Intestinal Microbiota in Children with Anemia in Southern Peru through Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1615. [PMID: 36360343 PMCID: PMC9688611 DOI: 10.3390/children9111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene constitutes a true revolution in understanding the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its implication in health states. This study details microbial composition through next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in children with anemia. Anemia is the most frequent hematological disorder that affects human beings. In Peru, it is one of the conditions that presents the most significant concern due to the adverse effects that cause it, such as delayed growth and psychomotor development, in addition to a deficiency in cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Díaz-Rodríguez
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Jani Pacheco-Aranibar
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
- Deparment of Biology, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Santa Catalina Nro. 117, Arequipa 04001, Peru
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología del ADN Uchumayo, Arequipa 04401, Peru
| | - Cecilia Manrique-Sam
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Yuma Ita-Balta
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Agueda Muñoz del Carpio-Toia
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Patricia López-Casaperalta
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Teresa Chocano-Rosas
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Fernando Fernandez-F
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Jose Villanueva-Salas
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Julio Cesar Bernabe-Ortiz
- Post-Graduate School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
- Deparment of Biology, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Santa Catalina Nro. 117, Arequipa 04001, Peru
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología del ADN Uchumayo, Arequipa 04401, Peru
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n, Umacollo, Arequipa 04013, Peru
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Li Z, Maimaiti Z, Li ZY, Fu J, Hao LB, Xu C, Chen JY. Moderate-to-Severe Malnutrition Identified by the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score Is Significantly Associated with Treatment Failure of Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204433. [PMID: 36297116 PMCID: PMC9607573 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and role of malnutrition in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remain unclear. This study aimed to use measurable nutritional screening tools to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in PJI patients during two-stage exchange arthroplasty and to explore the association between malnutrition and treatment failure. Our study retrospectively included 183 PJI cases who underwent 1st stage exchange arthroplasty and had available nutritional parameters, of which 167 proceeded with 2nd stage reimplantation. The recently proposed Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) Outcome Reporting Tool was used to determine clinical outcomes. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) were used to identify malnutrition at 1st and 2nd stage exchange, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between malnutrition and treatment failure. Restricted cubic spline models were further used to explore the dose−response association. Additionally, risk factors for moderate-to-severe malnutrition were evaluated. Malnourished patients identified by CONUT, NPS, and NRI accounted for 48.1% (88/183), 98.9% (181/183), and 55.7% (102/183) of patients at 1st stage, and 9.0% (15/167), 41.9% (70/167), and 43.1% (72/167) at 2nd stage, indicating a significant improvement in nutritional status. We found that poorer nutritional status was a predictor of treatment failure, with CONUT performing best as a predictive tool. Moderate-to-severe malnutrition at 1st stage identified by CONUT was significantly related to treatment failure directly caused by PJI (odds ratio [OR] = 5.86), while the OR was raised to 12.15 at 2nd stage (OR = 12.15). The linear dose−response associations between them were also confirmed (P for nonlinearity at both 1st and 2nd stage > 0.05). As for total treatment failure, moderate-to-severe malnutrition as determined by CONUT was associated with a 1.96-fold and 8.99-fold elevated risk at the 1st and 2nd stages, respectively. Age ≥ 68 years (OR = 5.35) and an increased number of previous surgeries (OR = 2.04) may be risk factors for moderate-to-severe malnutrition. Overall, the prevalence of malnutrition in PJI patients is very high. Given the strong association between moderate-to-severe malnutrition identified by CONUT and PJI treatment failure, COUNT could be a promising tool to evaluate the nutritional status of PJI patients to optimize treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zulipikaer Maimaiti
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Li-Bo Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Ji-Ying Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (J.-Y.C.)
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Eow SY, Gan WY, Jiang T, Loh SP, Lee LJ, Chin YS, Than LTL, How KN, Thong PL, Liu Y, Zhao J, Chen L. MYBIOTA: A birth cohort on maternal and infant microbiota and its impact on infant health in Malaysia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:994607. [PMID: 36238465 PMCID: PMC9552002 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.994607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiota plays a key role in early immunity maturation that affects infant health and is associated with the development of non-communicable diseases and allergies in later life. Objective The MYBIOTA is a prospective mother-infant cohort study in Malaysia aiming to determine the association between gut microbiota with infant health (temperament, gastrointestinal disorders, eczema, asthma, and developmental delays) in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods Pregnant mothers will be enrolled in their first trimester of pregnancy, and follow-ups will be done for infants during their first year of life. Maternal-infant biological samples (blood, feces, saliva, urine, and breast milk), anthropometric, dietary, and clinical information will be collected at different time points from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum. Discussion This study could provide a better understanding of the colonization and development of the gut microbiome during early life and its impact on infant health. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT04919265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiang Yen Eow
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Su Peng Loh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling Jun Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yit Siew Chin
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Center of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang Nien How
- Unit of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pui Ling Thong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yanpin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Yinghai, Beijing, China
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Tannor EK, Chika OU, Okpechi IG. The Impact of Low Socioeconomic Status on Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Low- and Lower Middle-Income Countries. Semin Nephrol 2022; 42:151338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Sutopa TS, Bari W. How does mode of delivery associate with double burden of malnutrition among mother-child dyads?: a trend analysis using Bangladesh demographic health surveys. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1243. [PMID: 35733171 PMCID: PMC9219174 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The simultaneity of undernourishment among child and overweight/obesity among mothers in lower-and-middle-income-countries (LMICs) introduces a new nutrition dilemma, known as double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Amidst of such paradox, the hike of caesarean section (CS) delivery is also triggering child undernutrition and maternal obesity. A gap of knowledge regarding the effect of mode of delivery on DBM still persists. The study aims to explore the association between DBM at household level and mode of delivery over time in LMICs. METHOD The study used data from recent four consecutive waves of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) ranging from BDHS 2007 to BDHS 2017. It considered the mother-child pairs from data where mothers were non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years having children born in last 3 years preceding the survey. Bivariate analysis and Logistic Regression were performed to explore the unadjusted and adjusted effect of covariates on DBM. An interaction term of mode of delivery and survey year was considered in regression model. RESULTS The study evinces a sharp increase of DBM rate in Bangladesh from 2007 to 2017 (2.4% vs. 6.4%). The prevalence of DBM in household level among the children delivered by CS is more than two times of those born by normal delivery (8.2% vs. 3.5%). The multivariate analysis also indicates that the children born by CS delivery are more likely to be affected by DBM at household level significantly than those born by normal delivery in each waves. Moreover, the odds ratio (OR) of DBM at household is increased by 43% for one unit change in time for normal delivery whereas CS delivery births have 12% higher odds of DBM at household level with one unit change in time. CONCLUSION The study discloses a drastic increase of rate of DBM among mother-child pairs over the time. It stipulates inflated risk of DBM at household with time for both mode of delivery but the children with CS delivery are at more risk to the vulnerability of DBM at household level. The study recommends a provision of special care to the mothers with CS delivery to reduce DBM at household.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wasimul Bari
- Department of Statistics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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50
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Panelli S, Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Comandatore F, Pelizzo G, Borghi E, Bandi C, Zuccotti G. Dysbiosis in Children With Neurological Impairment and Long-Term Enteral Nutrition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:895046. [PMID: 35811980 PMCID: PMC9265901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.895046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe neurological impairment (NI) is often accompanied by the need for artificial nutritional support, normally provided enterally (enteral nutrition [EN]) to ensure growth, counteract morbidity and mortality, and improve quality of life. On the other hand, long-term EN (LTEN) may contribute to the establishment, or exacerbation, of gastrointestinal disorders that may lead to malnutrition, which in turn is associated with alterations in gut microbiota (GM) composition and functional capacities. To the best of our knowledge, we investigated, for the first time in this study, the consequences of LTEN in a pediatric population in this pathological context. Using amplicon sequencing, we compared the fecal microbiota of a pediatric population suffering from severe NI and under LTEN to that of sex- and age-matched controls. The two groups presented evident differences in GM composition and a consistent differential clustering. In general, the taxonomic picture in NI children under LTEN seemed to mirror a profound dysbiotic condition, in which anti-inflammatory taxa appear severely depleted (among others, the Clostridiales families of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and, within the latter, Faecalibacterium spp. and Gemmiger spp.), while known pathobionts (Gammaproteobacteria and Klebsiella) or emerging pathogens (e.g., Synergistales, Cloacibacillus, and Fusobacterium) were significantly enriched. Our data suggest that LTEN has a significant impact on the GM taxonomic composition in NI children. Even if other factors are probably at work, such as the bidirectional interaction between gastrointestinal impairment/immaturity and the central nervous system (CNS), the assumption of drugs, and physical inactivity, these data define possible routes and targets to try to alleviate this dysbiosis, with a view to better management of these patients and an improvement in their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Panelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Comandatore
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
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