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Liu M, Peng R, Tian C, Shi J, Ma J, Shi R, Qi X, Zhao R, Guan H. Effects of the gut microbiota and its metabolite short-chain fatty acids on endometriosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1373004. [PMID: 38938880 PMCID: PMC11208329 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1373004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of research has confirmed that the gut microbiota plays a major role in the maintenance of human health and disease. A gut microbiota imbalance can lead to the development of many diseases, such as pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and cancer. Short-chain fatty acids are metabolites of specific intestinal bacteria and are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and regulating metabolism and immunity. Endometriosis is the result of cell proliferation, escape from immune surveillance, and invasive metastasis. There is a strong correlation between the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbes and the development of endometriosis. Given that the mechanism of action of gut microbiota and Short-chain fatty acids in endometriosis remain unclear, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the complex interactions between intestinal flora, short-chain fatty acids and endometriosis. In addition, we explored potential microbial-based treatment strategies for endometriosis, providing new insights into the future development of diagnostic tests and prevention and treatment methods for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghe Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ru Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hohhot Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chunfang Tian
- Department of Oncology, Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiannan Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ruiwen Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rongwei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haibin Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Jones D, Celis-Morales C, Gray SR, Morrison DJ, Ozanne SE, Jain M, Mattin LR, Burden S. Effect of Sustainably Sourced Protein Consumption on Nutrient Intake and Gut Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1398. [PMID: 38732644 PMCID: PMC11085519 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is integral to the healthy ageing process and certain diets can mitigate prolonged and deleterious inflammation. This review aims to assess the impact of diets high in sustainably sourced proteins on nutrient intake, gut, and age-related health in older adults. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on 5 September 2023 across multiple databases and sources. Studies assessing sustainably sourced protein consumption in community dwelling older adults (≥65 years) were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using 'RoB 2.0' and 'ROBINS-E'. Narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity of studies. Twelve studies involving 12,166 older adults were included. Nine studies (n = 10,391) assessed habitual dietary intake and had some RoB concerns, whilst three studies (n = 1812), two with low and one with high RoB, conducted plant-based dietary interventions. Increased adherence to sustainably sourced diets was associated with improved gut microbial factors (n = 4640), healthier food group intake (n = 2142), and increased fibre and vegetable protein intake (n = 1078). Sustainably sourced diets positively impacted on gut microbiota and healthier intake of food groups, although effects on inflammatory outcomes and health status were inconclusive. Future research should focus on dietary interventions combining sustainable proteins and fibre to evaluate gut barrier function and consider inflammatory and body composition outcomes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.C.-M.); (S.R.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Stuart R. Gray
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.C.-M.); (S.R.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Douglas J. Morrison
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK;
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Mahek Jain
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.C.-M.); (S.R.G.); (M.J.)
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK;
| | - Lewis R. Mattin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Sorrel Burden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK
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3
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Christensen C, Knudsen A, Arnesen EK, Hatlebakk JG, Sletten IS, Fadnes LT. Diet, Food, and Nutritional Exposures and Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Progression of Disease: an Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100219. [PMID: 38599319 PMCID: PMC11063602 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), contributes to substantial morbidity. Understanding the intricate interplay between dietary factors and the incidence and progression of IBD is essential for developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. This umbrella review comprehensively synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate these complex associations. Dietary factors associated with an increased incidence and/or progression of IBD include a high intake of red and processed meat, other processed foods, and refined sugars, together with a low intake of vegetables, fruits, and fiber. For most other food groups, the results are mixed or indicate no clear associations with IBD, CD, and UC. Some differences seem to exist between UC and CD and their risk factors, with increased intake of dietary fiber being inversely associated with CD incidence but not clearly associated with UC. Dietary fiber may contribute to maintaining the gut epithelial barrier and reduce inflammation, often through interactions with the gut microbiota. This seems to play an important role in inflammatory mechanisms in the gut and in IBD incidence and progression. Diets low in fermentable saccharides and polyols can alleviate symptom burden, but there are concerns regarding their impact on the gut microbiota and their nutritional adequacy. Mediterranean diets, vegetarian diets, and a diet low in grains, sugars, and lactose (specific carbohydrate diet) are also associated with lower incidence and/or progression of IBD. The associations of dietary patterns are mirrored by inflammatory biomarkers. IBD is typically treated pharmaceutically; however, many patients have a suboptimal response to medical treatments. The findings from this umbrella review could provide evidence for nutritional counseling and be a valuable addition to traditional treatment plans for IBD. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD440252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Christensen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Knudsen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Erik K Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Centre of Competence in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lars T Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Loy L, Petronio L, Marcozzi G, Bezzio C, Armuzzi A. Dietary Fiber in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Are We Ready to Change the Paradigm? Nutrients 2024; 16:1108. [PMID: 38674799 PMCID: PMC11053563 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrate the benefit of dietary fibers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the majority of patients avoid or limit their consumption to manage their symptoms during the active and remission phases, although limited research supports these long-term dietary habits. Although recent evidence-based dietary guidelines highlight the importance of promoting an adequate intake of dietary fiber in IBD patients, intervention trials have not yet clearly clarified the quality and quantity of dietary fiber that should be consumed to be equally tolerated by and provide benefit for patients with IBD. This narrative review describes dietary fibers and their characteristics, analyzes the real-word studies on the impact of dietary fiber consumption in IBD in different clinical settings, and concludes with potential future directions in fiber research, focusing on the real-world needs of characterizing the consumption of fiber-rich foods and promoting their adequate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Loy
- IBD Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Petronio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (L.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Giacomo Marcozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (L.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Cristina Bezzio
- IBD Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (L.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (L.P.); (G.M.)
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Manrique P, Montero I, Fernandez-Gosende M, Martinez N, Cantabrana CH, Rios-Covian D. Past, present, and future of microbiome-based therapies. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:23. [PMID: 38841413 PMCID: PMC11149097 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Technological advances in studying the human microbiome in depth have enabled the identification of microbial signatures associated with health and disease. This confirms the crucial role of microbiota in maintaining homeostasis and the host health status. Nowadays, there are several ways to modulate the microbiota composition to effectively improve host health; therefore, the development of therapeutic treatments based on the gut microbiota is experiencing rapid growth. In this review, we summarize the influence of the gut microbiota on the development of infectious disease and cancer, which are two of the main targets of microbiome-based therapies currently being developed. We analyze the two-way interaction between the gut microbiota and traditional drugs in order to emphasize the influence of gut microbial composition on drug effectivity and treatment response. We explore the different strategies currently available for modulating this ecosystem to our benefit, ranging from 1st generation intervention strategies to more complex 2nd generation microbiome-based therapies and their regulatory framework. Lastly, we finish with a quick overview of what we believe is the future of these strategies, that is 3rd generation microbiome-based therapies developed with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms.
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Ramezani F, Pourghazi F, Eslami M, Gholami M, Mohammadian Khonsari N, Ejtahed HS, Larijani B, Qorbani M. Dietary fiber intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:65-83. [PMID: 38011755 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports the effects of dietary fiber on the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, there is no updated systematic review and meta-analysis that compares and pools the effect of different types of fiber on mortality. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, all prospective cohort studies that evaluated the relationship between dietary fiber intake and all-cause or cause-specific mortality were included. The PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were searched up to October 2022. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two researchers independently. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Chi-square based test. Random/fixed effect meta-analysis was used to pool the hazard ratios (HR) or relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the association between different types of fiber and mortality. RESULTS This systematic review included 64 eligible studies, with a total sample size of 3512828 subjects, that investigated the association between dietary fiber intake and mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Random-effect meta-analysis shows that higher consumption of total dietary fiber, significantly decreased the risk of all-cause mortality, CVD-related mortality, and cancer-related mortality by 23, 26 and 22 % (HR:0.77; 95%CI (0.73,0.82), HR:0.74; 95%CI (0.71,0.77) and HR:0.78; 95%CI (0.68,0.87)), respectively. The consumption of insoluble fiber tended to be more effective than soluble fiber intake in reducing the risk of total mortality and mortality due to CVD and cancer. Additionally, dietary fiber from whole grains, cereals, and vegetables was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, while dietary fiber from nuts and seeds reduced the risk of CVD-related death by 43 % (HR:0.57; 95 % CI (0.38,0.77)). CONCLUSION This comprehensive meta-analysis provides additional evidence supporting the protective association between fiber intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ramezani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Pourghazi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maysa Eslami
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholami
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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7
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Wang L, Liu T, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhou Q, Wang J, Miao H, Hao J, Qi C. Correlation between dietary inflammation and mortality among hyperlipidemics. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:206. [PMID: 38017484 PMCID: PMC10683303 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although the the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) serves to be one of the reliable indicator for hyperlipidaemia, there is still uncertainty about its relationship to prognosis in the hyperlipidaemic population. In current study, the DII levels were analyzed in relation to the mortality risk among among the hyperlipidaemic individuals with the aim of determining any prospective correlation. METHODS 14,460 subjects with hyperlipidaemia from the 10-year (2001-2010) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were chosen for this study. The endpoint event for follow-up was all-cause mortality, and subjects were tracked for up to December 31, 2019, or death, whichever occurred first. The tertiles of the DII levels were utilized for categorizing the study population into three groups. Survival curves, Cox proportional hazards regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS), subgroup and interaction analyses, and sensitivity analyses were employed sequentially for the purpose of evaluating the association of the DII with mortality. RESULTS 3170 (21.92%) all-cause deaths were recorded during an average 148-month follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that the survival rate of participants divided into the low DII group was substantially improved compared to that of those in the higher DII group (log-rank P < 0.001). After controlling for confounders, higher levels of DII were observed to be meaningfully linked to an elevated risk of death, no matter whether DII was specified for the continuous (hazard ratio (HR): 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.08) or the categorical variable (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.11-1.33). The DII and mortality displayed a linear association, according to the RCS. Stratified and sensitivity analyses reinforced the proof that these findings were reliable. CONCLUSION Among patients with hyperlipidaemia, the risk of death was positively and linearly linked with DII levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 201500, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingdui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lele Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hao Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ji Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Chunmei Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China.
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Meda AKR, Fredrick FC, Rathod U, Shah P, Jain R. Cardiovascular Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 20:CCR-EPUB-136288. [PMID: 38018203 PMCID: PMC11071669 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x256094231031074753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of long-term systemic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which may be associated with an increased risk of developing extraintestinal manifestations, including cardiovascular disease, thereby decreasing the quality of life. Pathophysiological changes associated with inflammatory bowel disease include alterations of the microbiome, endotoxemia, and changes to glucose and lipid metabolism. Inflammatory bowel disease patients have higher carotid intima-media thickness, lower flow-mediated dilatation, and increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, which are markers of elevated cardiovascular risk. In addition, inflammatory bowel disease patients are at an increased risk for developing venous and arterial thrombotic events due to a hypercoagulable state caused by thrombocytosis and coagulation system activation. To reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation, dietary changes, and increased physical activity alongside management with appropriate medication, should be considered. This research paper examines how inflammatory bowel disease can influence the risk of cardiovascular complications and the involvement of drug therapy. Methods: PubMed was searched using keywords, such as inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, cardiovascular disease, pericarditis, thromboembolism, and many more. Relevant literature up to March 2023 has been examined and summarized, which consisted of data from various clinical trials, meta-analyses, retrospective/prospective cohort studies, and current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rohit Jain
- Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, Curacao
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Manoharan L, Roth B, Bang C, Stenlund H, Ohlsson B. An Okinawan-Based Nordic Diet Leads to Profound Effects on Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites Linked to Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:3273. [PMID: 37513690 PMCID: PMC10384944 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions modify gut microbiota and clinical outcomes. Weight reduction and improved glucose and lipid homeostasis were observed after adopting an Okinawan-based Nordic diet (O-BN) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to explore changes in metabolomics and gut microbiota during O-BN and correlate changes with clinical outcomes. A total of 30 patients (17 women), aged 57.5 ± 8.2 years, diabetes duration 10.4 ± 7.6 years, 90% over-weight, were included. Participants were provided an O-BN for 12 weeks. Before and after intervention, and 16 weeks afterwards, anthropometry and clinical data were estimated and questionnaires were collected, as well as samples of blood and stool. Plasma metabolomics were determined by gas- (GC-MS) or liquid- (LC-MS) chromatography-based mass spectrometry and fecal microbiota determination was based on 16S rRNA amplicons from regions V1-V2. During the intervention, weight (6.8%), waist circumference (6.1%), and levels of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol were decreased. Of 602 metabolites, 323 were changed for any or both periods; 199 (101 lipids) metabolites were decreased while 58 (43 lipids) metabolites were increased during the intervention. Changes in glucose homeostasis were linked to changes in, e.g., 1,5-anhydroglucitol, thyroxine, and chiro-inositol. Changes of microbe beta diversity correlated positively with food components and negatively with IL-18 (p = 0.045). Abundance differences at phylum and genus levels were found. Abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia correlated with anthropometry, HbA1c, lipids, inflammation, and food. Changes in metabolites and microbiota were reversed after the intervention. The O-BN-induced changes in metabolomics and gut microbiota correspond to clinical outcomes of reduced weight and inflammation and improved glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokeshwaran Manoharan
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), SciLifeLab, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bodil Roth
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht's University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
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10
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Serrano Fernandez V, Seldas Palomino M, Laredo-Aguilera JA, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Carmona-Torres JM. High-Fiber Diet and Crohn's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3114. [PMID: 37513532 PMCID: PMC10384554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CD is a health problem in Western countries such as the US and European nations and is an idiopathic disease; however, certain cases of CD have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was carried out to determine the efficacy of a diet rich in fiber with or without cointervention to improve remission rates for CD. The literature in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials databases was reviewed. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale. This review was conducted in accordance with the structure outlined in the PRISMA statement. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a random effects model. Eleven studies were included, totaling 2389 patients with CD. Applying a diet rich in fiber with or without the administration of routine therapies improved CD remission rates. Data regarding CD activity, remission time, and adverse effects derived from fiber consumption were analyzed. Consumption of fiber in the diet could improve remission rates for CD patients who receive or do not receive other treatment to maintain remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Serrano Fernandez
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Toledo, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Diana Patricia Pozuelo-Carrascosa
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Balderas C, de Ancos B, Sánchez-Moreno C. Bile Acids and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Modulated after Onion and Apple Consumption in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3035. [PMID: 37447361 PMCID: PMC10347221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microorganisms are involved in the development and severity of different cardiovascular diseases, and increasing evidence has indicated that dietary fibre and polyphenols can interact with the intestinal microbiota. The study objective was to investigate the effect of onion and apple intake on the major types of microbial-derived molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). Obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned (n = eight rats/group) to a standard diet (OC), a standard diet/10% onion (OO), or a standard diet/10% apple (OA). Lean Zucker rats fed a standard diet served as a lean control (LC) group. Faecal samples were collected at baseline, and 8 weeks later, the composition of the microbial community was measured, and BA and SCFA levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Rats fed onion- and apple-enriched diets had increased abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., enhanced SCFAs (acetic, propionic, isobutyric, and valeric acids), decreased excretion of some BAs, mainly of the primary (CA, α-MCA, and β-MCA) and secondary type (ω-MCA, HDCA, NCA, DCA, and LCA), and increased amount of taurine- and glycine-conjugated BAs compared to the OC group. The contribution of specific bioactive compounds and their metabolites in the regulation of the microbiome and the pathways linked to SCFA and BA formation and their relationship with some diseases needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Concepción Sánchez-Moreno
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), ES-28040 Madrid, Spain (B.d.A.)
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12
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Kawabata C, Hirakawa Y, Inagi R, Nangaku M. Acetate attenuates kidney fibrosis in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15774. [PMID: 37463875 PMCID: PMC10354006 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the end products of the fermentation of dietary fibers by the intestinal microbiota and reported to exert positive effects on host physiology. Acetate is the most abundant SCFA in humans and is shown to improve acute kidney injury in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, how SCFAs protect the kidney and whether SCFAs have a renoprotective effect in chronic kidney disease (CKD) models remain to be elucidated. We investigated whether acetate and other SCFAs could attenuate the kidney damage. In in vitro experiments, cell viability of acetate-treated human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells was significantly higher than that of vehicle-treated in an oxidative stress model, and acetate reduced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In mitochondrial analysis, the MitoSOX-positive cell proportion decreased, and transcription of dynamin-1-like protein gene, a fission gene, was decreased by acetate treatment. In in vivo experiments in mice, acetate treatment significantly ameliorated fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction, and the oxidative stress marker phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) was also reduced. Further, acetate treatment ameliorated dysmorphic mitochondria in the proximal tubules, and ROS and mitochondrial analyses suggested that acetate improved mitochondrial damage. Our findings indicate a renoprotective effect of acetate in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kawabata
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirakawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Sadagopan A, Mahmoud A, Begg M, Tarhuni M, Fotso M, Gonzalez NA, Sanivarapu RR, Osman U, Latha Kumar A, Mohammed L. Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Diabetes and Therapeutics Targeting Leaky Gut: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e41559. [PMID: 37554593 PMCID: PMC10405753 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been studied and continues to be a developing area in the pathognomic development of metabolic diseases like diabetes. Treatment with diet changes, the addition of supplements like prebiotics/probiotics, and the impact of fecal microbial transplantation can be correlated to targeting changes in dysbiosis. Understanding the impacts of various anti-hyperglycemic agents such as metformin and the implications of post-bariatric surgery on the gut microbiota diversity has emerged. These areas of study are crucial to understanding the pathognomic aspects of diabetes disease progression at the microbial level of metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms, which may give more insight into focusing on the role of diet prebiotic/probiotic supplements as potential forms of prospective management in diabetes and the development of more agents that target gut microbiota, which harbors low-grade inflammation. Intestinal dysbiosis was consistently observed in the mechanism of gut microbial change in diabetic individuals, contributing to reduced insulin sensitivity and poor glycemic control. This systematic review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist. We performed a literature search using the PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases in accordance with the eligibility criteria and ultimately selected 14 articles for final analysis. The Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) and the PRISMA 2020 checklist were used to assess the quality of selected articles for cross-sectional studies, traditional literature reviews, and systematic reviews, respectively. We collected papers from 2012 to 2022 for this review. We gathered articles from databases, such as this study, which show there is a strong connection between microbiota and diabetes that appears to exist. The objective is to assess and identify any dietary and therapeutic agents that may alter the microbiota and potentially target and modulate insulin sensitivity. This review article will discuss the pathophysiological effects of gut microbiota in diabetes management and the impact of various gut biodiversity therapeutics that can aid in reversing insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sadagopan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Anas Mahmoud
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maha Begg
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mawada Tarhuni
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Monique Fotso
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Natalie A Gonzalez
- Internal medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Raghavendra R Sanivarapu
- Internal medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Usama Osman
- Internal medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Abishek Latha Kumar
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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14
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Bicknell B, Liebert A, Borody T, Herkes G, McLachlan C, Kiat H. Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119577. [PMID: 37298527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in the body and has the potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, and diverse microbiome and overall health. When the gut microbiome becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and ageing, this has a profound effect on our health and is linked to many diseases, including lifestyle diseases, metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and neurological diseases. While this link in humans is largely an association of dysbiosis with disease, in animal models, a causative link can be demonstrated. The link between the gut and the brain is particularly important in maintaining brain health, with a strong association between dysbiosis in the gut and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. This link suggests not only that the gut microbiota composition can be used to make an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases but also that modifying the gut microbiome to influence the microbiome-gut-brain axis might present a therapeutic target for diseases that have proved intractable, with the aim of altering the trajectory of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, among others. There is also a microbiome-gut-brain link to other potentially reversible neurological diseases, such as migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, and long COVID, which might be considered models of therapy for neurodegenerative disease. The role of traditional methods in altering the microbiome, as well as newer, more novel treatments such as faecal microbiome transplants and photobiomodulation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bicknell
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ann Liebert
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Governance and Research, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia
| | - Thomas Borody
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Herkes
- Department of Governance and Research, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia
| | - Craig McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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15
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Fusco W, Lorenzo MB, Cintoni M, Porcari S, Rinninella E, Kaitsas F, Lener E, Mele MC, Gasbarrini A, Collado MC, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:2211. [PMID: 37432351 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in health and disease, as they regulate gut homeostasis and their deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, and cardiometabolic disorders. SCFAs are metabolites of specific bacterial taxa of the human gut microbiota, and their production is influenced by specific foods or food supplements, mainly prebiotics, by the direct fostering of these taxa. This Review provides an overview of SCFAs' roles and functions, and of SCFA-producing bacteria, from their microbiological characteristics and taxonomy to the biochemical process that lead to the release of SCFAs. Moreover, we will describe the potential therapeutic approaches to boost the levels of SCFAs in the human gut and treat different related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Fusco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Bernabeu Lorenzo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Kaitsas
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Lener
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
With a global burden of 844 million, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now considered a public health priority. Cardiovascular risk is pervasive in this population, and low-grade systemic inflammation is an established driver of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in these patients. Accelerated cellular senescence, gut microbiota-dependent immune activation, posttranslational lipoprotein modifications, neuroimmune interactions, osmotic and nonosmotic sodium accumulation, acute kidney injury, and precipitation of crystals in the kidney and the vascular system all concur in determining the unique severity of inflammation in CKD. Cohort studies documented a strong link between various biomarkers of inflammation and the risk of progression to kidney failure and cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. Interventions targeting diverse steps of the innate immune response may reduce the risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Among these, inhibition of IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta) signaling by canakinumab reduced the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease, and this protection was equally strong in patients with and without CKD. Several old (colchicine) and new drugs targeting the innate immune system, like the IL-6 (interleukin 6) antagonist ziltivekimab, are being tested in large randomized clinical trials to thoroughly test the hypothesis that mitigating inflammation may translate into better cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute New York and Institute of Molecular Biology and genetics (BIOGEM), Ariano Irpino, Italy and Associazione Ipertensione, Nefrologia, Trapianto (IPNET), Reggio Calabria Italy (C.Z.)
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy and National Research Council (CNR), Clinical Epidemiology of Hypertension and Renal Diseases Unit of the Institute of Clinical Physiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.)
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17
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Hartmann AM, D’Urso M, Dell’Oro M, Koppold DA, Steckhan N, Michalsen A, Kandil FI, Kessler CS. Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial on Fasting and Plant-Based Diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis (NutriFast): Nutritional Supply and Impact on Dietary Behavior. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040851. [PMID: 36839208 PMCID: PMC9960429 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at comparing the nutrient supply and dietary behaviors during a plant-based diet (PBD) combined with time-restricted eating (TRE) to standard dietary recommendations in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In this open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial, patients were assigned to either a 7-day fast followed by an 11-week PBD including TRE (A) or a 12-week anti-inflammatory diet following official German guidelines (German Nutrition Society, DGE) (B). Dietary habits were assessed by 3-day food records at weeks -1, 4 and 9 and food frequency questionnaires. 41 out of 53 participants were included in a post-hoc per protocol analysis. Both groups had similar energy, carbohydrate, sugar, fiber and protein intake at week 4. Group A consumed significantly less total saturated fat than group B (15.9 ± 7.7 vs. 23.2 ± 10.3 g/day; p = 0.02). Regarding micronutrients, group B consumed more vitamin A, B12, D, riboflavin and calcium (each p ≤ 0.02). Zinc and calcium were below recommended intakes in both groups. Cluster analysis did not show clear group allocation after three months. Hence, dietary counselling for a PBD combined with TRE compared to a standard anti-inflammatory diet does not seem to lead to two different dietary clusters, i.e., actual different dietary behaviors as expected. Larger confirmatory studies are warranted to further define dietary recommendations for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika M. Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina D’Urso
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Dell’Oro
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela A. Koppold
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Steckhan
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, 10117 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Farid I. Kandil
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Otto-Heubner Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian S. Kessler
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Liang S, Wang L, Wu X, Hu X, Wang T, Jin F. The different trends in the burden of neurological and mental disorders following dietary transition in China, the USA, and the world: An extension analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Nutr 2023; 9:957688. [PMID: 36698474 PMCID: PMC9869872 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.957688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The highly processed western diet is substituting the low-processed traditional diet in the last decades globally. Increasing research found that a diet with poor quality such as western diet disrupts gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility to various neurological and mental disorders, while a balanced diet regulates gut microbiota and prevents and alleviates the neurological and mental disorders. Yet, there is limited research on the association between the disease burden expanding of neurological and mental disorders with a dietary transition. Methods We compared the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) trend by age for neurological and mental disorders in China, in the United States of America (USA), and across the world from 1990 to 2019, evaluated the dietary transition in the past 60 years, and analyzed the association between the burden trend of the two disorders with the changes in diet composition and food production. Results We identified an age-related upward pattern in disease burden in China. Compared with the USA and the world, the Chinese neurological and mental disorders DALY percent was least in the generation over 75 but rapidly increased in younger generations and surpassed the USA and/or the world in the last decades. The age-related upward pattern in Chinese disease burdens had not only shown in the presence of cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and diabetes mellitus but also appeared in the presence of depressive disorders, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, schizophrenia, headache disorders, anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and eating disorders, successively. Additionally, the upward trend was associated with the dramatic dietary transition including a reduction in dietary quality and food production sustainability, during which the younger generation is more affected than the older. Following the increase in total calorie intake, alcohol intake, ratios of animal to vegetal foods, and poultry meat to pulses, the burdens of the above diseases continuously rose. Then, following the rise of the ratios of meat to pulses, eggs to pulses, and pork to pulses, the usage of fertilizers, the farming density of pigs, and the burdens of the above disease except diabetes mellitus were also ever-increasing. Even the usage of pesticides was positively correlated with the burdens of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, cardiovascular diseases, and neoplasms. Contrary to China, the corresponding burdens of the USA trended to reduce with the improvements in diet quality and food production sustainability. Discussion Our results suggest that improving diet quality and food production sustainability might be a promising way to stop the expanding burdens of neurological and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shan Liang,
| | - Li Wang
- Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China,Feng Jin,
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19
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Lin R, Zhi C, Su Y, Chen J, Gao D, Li S, Shi D. Effect of Echinacea on gut microbiota of immunosuppressed ducks. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1091116. [PMID: 36687592 PMCID: PMC9849568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1091116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunosuppression puts animals in a susceptible state and disrupts the balance of intestinal flora, which can increase the risk of disease and cause serious harm to the farm. Echinacea can exert its immunomodulatory effect in various ways, but its influence on intestinal flora is unclear. Methods Therefore, we investigated the effect of Echinacea extract (EE) on gut microbiota in immunosuppressed ducks by 16s-RNA sequencing in this experiment. Results The results showed that EE significantly improved the weight gain of immunosuppressed ducks (p<0.001). It also increased the immune organ index (p<0.01) and upregulated the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ (p<0.05) as well as IL-2 in the serum. The lesions of the bursa were evident compared to the spleen and thymus. After treatment in the EE group, the lymphocyte count of the bursa returned to healthy levels and the lesions were significantly improved. The diversity analysis showed that neither of the alpha-diversity indices showed a significant difference (p>0.05). However, the EE group had a trend closer to the healthy group compared to the M group. β-diversity analysis revealed a high degree of sample separation between the healthy and immunosuppressed groups. The sequencing result showed a significantly higher relative abundance of Prevotella and Prevotella_UCG_001 in the dexamethasone-treated group, which could be potential biomarkers of dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression. EE increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Alistipes and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus (p<0.05). Conclusion The results showed that Echinacea extract improves the development of immunosuppressed ducks and modulates intestinal immune function by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterial genera in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanping Zhi
- Guangdong Maoming Agriculture and Forestry Technical College, Maoming, China
| | - Yalin Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Debao Gao
- Guangzhou Technician College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dayou Shi, ✉
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20
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Ferenc K, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Filip R. Components of the Fiber Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of IBD-An Update. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010162. [PMID: 36615818 PMCID: PMC9823509 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of diseases with a chronic course, characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. One of the elements that could potentially predispose to IBD is, among others, a low-fiber diet. Dietary fiber has many functions in the human body. One of the most important is its influence on the composition of the intestinal microflora. Intestinal dysbiosis, as well as chronic inflammation that occurs, are hallmarks of IBD. Individual components of dietary fiber, such as β-glucan, pectin, starch, inulin, fructooligosaccharides, or hemicellulose, can significantly affect preventive effects in IBD by modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota or sealing the intestinal barrier, among other things. The main objective of the review is to provide information on the effects of individual fiber components of the diet on the risk of IBD, including, among other things, altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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21
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Abstract
This narrative review seeks to examine the relationships between bacterial microbiomes and infectious disease. This is achieved by detailing how different human host microbiomes develop and function, from the earliest infant acquisitions of maternal and environmental species through to the full development of microbiomes by adulthood. Communication between bacterial species or communities of species within and outside of the microbiome is a factor in both maintenance of homeostasis and management of threats from the external environment. Dysbiosis of this homeostasis is key to understanding the development of disease states. Several microbiomes and the microbiota within are used as prime examples of how changes in species composition, particularly at the phylum level, leads to such diverse conditions as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, psoriasis, Parkinson's disease, reflux oesophagitis and others. The review examines spatial relationships between microbiomes to understand how dysbiosis in the gut microbiome in particular can influence diseases in distant host sites via routes such as the gut-lung, gut-skin and gut-brain axes. Microbiome interaction with host processes such as adaptive immunity is increasingly identified as critical to developing the capacity of the immune system to react to pathogens. Dysbiosis of essential bacteria involved in modification of host substrates such as bile acid components can result in development of Crohn's disease, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, hepatic cancer and obesity. Interactions between microbiomes in distantly located sites are being increasingly being identified, resulting in a 'whole of body' effect by the combined host microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Manos
- Infection, Immunity and InflammationSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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22
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Zhang F, Fan D, Huang JL, Zuo T. The gut microbiome: linking dietary fiber to inflammatory diseases. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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23
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Abdelbary MMH, Hatting M, Bott A, Dahlhausen A, Keller D, Trautwein C, Conrads G. The oral-gut axis: Salivary and fecal microbiome dysbiosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1010853. [PMID: 36275026 PMCID: PMC9585322 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1010853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders that fall into two main categories: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The gastrointestinal tract extends from the mouth to the anus and harbors diverse bacterial communities. Several sequencing-based studies have identified an intestinal enrichment of oral-associated bacteria and demonstrated their ability to induce intestinal inflammation in mice, suggesting that intestinal pathobionts originate from the oral cavity, particularly members of the genus Streptococcus. This study aimed to investigate the composition of the salivary and fecal microbiome of IBD patients (n = 14) compared to healthy controls (n = 12) and to determine the abundance of common bacterial taxa in both niches. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from saliva and fecal samples, and the 16S rRNA gene was targeted for sequencing. Our results revealed that the overall microbial composition of saliva was significantly altered in the IBD patients compared to the control subjects (p = 0.038). At the genus level, Veillonella and Prevotella were highly abundant in IBD (median: 25.4% and 22.2%, respectively) compared to the control group (17.9% and 13.4%, respectively). In contrast, Neisseria, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Fusobacterium were associated with a healthy gut state. Regarding the fecal microbiome, the IBD group had a significantly higher abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Escherichia-Shigella (both comprising pathogenic bacteria) compared with the control group. Members of both bacterial groups have previously been shown to positively correlate with intestinal inflammation and high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that disrupt intestinal barrier integrity. In addition, we demonstrate that the increased abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Escherichia-Shigella has also been associated with significant upregulation of certain metabolic pathways in the feces of the IBD group, including bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. Streptococcus was the only common genus detected in both the salivary and fecal microbiome and represented the oral-gut axis in our study. Using culture-based methods, we isolated 57 and 91 Streptococcus strains from saliva as well as 40 and 31 strains from fecal samples of the controls and IBD patients, respectively. The phylogenetic tree of streptococci based on sodA sequences revealed several patient-specific clusters comprising salivary and fecal streptococcal isolates from the same patient and belonging to the same species, suggesting that the oral cavity is an endogenous reservoir for intestinal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. H. Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohamed M. H. Abdelbary,
| | | | - Alexandra Bott
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Dahlhausen
- University Medical Center for Occupational Medicine, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Doris Keller
- University Medical Center for Occupational Medicine, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Pravda J. Evidence-based pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis: A causal role for colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4263-4298. [PMID: 36159014 PMCID: PMC9453768 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i31.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive evidence-based analysis of ulcerative colitis (UC), a causal role is identified for colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both the pathogenesis and relapse of this debilitating inflammatory bowel disease. Studies have shown that H2O2 production is significantly increased in the non-inflamed colonic epithelium of individuals with UC. H2O2 is a powerful neutrophilic chemotactic agent that can diffuse through colonic epithelial cell membranes creating an interstitial chemotactic molecular “trail” that attracts adjacent intravascular neutrophils into the colonic epithelium leading to mucosal inflammation and UC. A novel therapy aimed at removing the inappropriate H2O2 mediated chemotactic signal has been highly effective in achieving complete histologic resolution of colitis in patients experiencing refractory disease with at least one (biopsy-proven) histologic remission lasting 14 years to date. The evidence implies that therapeutic intervention to prevent the re-establishment of a pathologic H2O2 mediated chemotactic signaling gradient will indefinitely preclude neutrophilic migration into the colonic epithelium constituting a functional cure for this disease. Cumulative data indicate that individuals with UC have normal immune systems and current treatment guidelines calling for the suppression of the immune response based on the belief that UC is caused by an underlying immune dysfunction are not supported by the evidence and may cause serious adverse effects. It is the aim of this paper to present experimental and clinical evidence that identifies H2O2 produced by the colonic epithelium as the causal agent in the pathogenesis of UC. A detailed explanation of a novel therapeutic intervention to normalize colonic H2O2, its rationale, components, and formulation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Pravda
- Disease Pathogenesis, Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, United States
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25
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Xiang S, Wang Y, Qian S, Li J, Jin Y, Ding X, Xu T. The association between dietary inflammation index and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in Americans. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:2647-2658. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Yusuf K, Saha S, Umar S. Health Benefits of Dietary Fiber for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1242. [PMID: 35740264 PMCID: PMC9220141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two components of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are painful conditions that affect children and adults. Despite substantial research, there is no permanent cure for IBD, and patients face an increased risk of colon cancer. Dietary fiber's health advantages have been thoroughly investigated, and it is recommended for its enormous health benefits. This review article discusses the importance of appropriate fiber intake in managing IBD, emphasizing how optimal fiber consumption can significantly help IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafayat Yusuf
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4028 Wahl Hall East, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4028 Wahl Hall East, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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27
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Zhao Y, Chen L, Chen L, Huang J, Chen S, Yu Z. Exploration of the Potential Relationship Between Gut Microbiota Remodeling Under the Influence of High-Protein Diet and Crohn's Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831176. [PMID: 35308389 PMCID: PMC8927681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and gut microbiota are both important factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease, and changes in diet can lead to alteration in gut microbiome. However, there is still insufficient exploration on interaction within the gut microbiota under high-protein diet (HPD) intervention. We analyzed the gut microbial network and marker taxa from patients with Crohn’s disease in public database (GMrepo, https://gmrepo.humangut.info) combined with investigation of the changes of composition and function of intestinal microbiome in mice fed on HPD by metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that there was an indirect negative correlation between Escherichia coli and Lachnospiraceae in patients with Crohn’s disease, and Escherichia coli was a marker for both Crohn’s disease and HPD intervention. Besides, enriched HH_1414 (one of the orthologs in eggNOG) related to tryptophan metabolism was from Helicobacter, whereas reduced orthologs (OGs) mainly contributed by Lachnospiraceae after HPD intervention. Our research indicates that some compositional changes in gut microbiota after HPD intervention are consistent with those in patients with Crohn’s disease, providing insights into potential impact of altered gut microbes under HPD on Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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28
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Schwarzfischer M, Rogler G. The Intestinal Barrier—Shielding the Body from Nano- and Microparticles in Our Diet. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030223. [PMID: 35323666 PMCID: PMC8952728 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano- and microparticles are an implicit part of the human diet. They are unknowingly ingested with our food that contains them as additives or pollutants. However, their impact on human health is not yet understood and controversially discussed. The intestinal epithelial barrier shields our body against exogenous influences, such as commensal bacteria, pathogens, and body-foreign particles and, therefore, protects our body integrity. Breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier and aberrant immune responses are key events in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epithelial lesions might enable systemic translocation of nano- and microparticles into the system, eventually triggering an excessive immune response. Thus, IBD patients could be particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects caused by the ingestion of synthetic particles with food. The food-additive titanium dioxide (TiO2) serves as a coloring agent in food products and is omnipresent in the Western diet. TiO2 nanoparticles exacerbate intestinal inflammation by activation of innate and adaptive immune response. Because of serious safety concerns, the use of TiO2 as a food additive was recently banned from food production within the European Union. Due to environmental pollution, plastic has entered the human food chain, and plastic microparticles have been evidenced in the drinking water and comestible goods. The impact of plastic ingestion and its resulting consequences on human health is currently the subject of intense research. Focusing on TiO2 and plastic particles in the human diet and their impact on epithelial integrity, gut homeostasis, and intestinal inflammation, this review is addressing contemporary hot topics which are currently attracting a lot of public attention.
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Abstract
The human gut microbiota has a major impact on cancer immunosurveillance. In a recent Science paper, Spencer et al. reported the interesting observation that low dietary fiber intake or ingestion of commercially available probiotics both affect the anticancer effects mediated by immunotherapy in mice and patients with advanced melanoma.
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30
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Implication of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Gut Dysbiosis and Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020289. [PMID: 35203499 PMCID: PMC8869546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier, also referred to as intestinal barrier, is widely recognized as a critical player in gut homeostasis maintenance as it ensures the complex crosstalk between gut microbes (both commensals and pathogens) and the host immune system. Highly specialized epithelial cells constantly cope with several protective and harmful agents to maintain the multiple physiological functions of the barrier as well as its integrity. However, both genetic defects and environmental factors can break such equilibrium, thus promoting gut dysbiosis, dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses, and even the development of chronic pathological conditions. Here, we review and discuss the molecular and cellular pathways underlying intestinal barrier structural and functional homeostasis, focusing on potential alterations that may undermine this fine balance.
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