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Lin K, Peng F, He K, Qian Z, Mei X, Su Z, Wujimaiti Y, Xia X, Zhang T. Research progress on intestinal microbiota regulating cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:3711-3721. [PMID: 38632176 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota community is a fundamental component of the human body and plays a significant regulatory role in maintaining overall health and in the management disease states.The intestinal microbiota-gut-brain axis represents a vital connection in the cognitive regulation of the central nervous system by the intestinal microbiota.The impact of intestinal microbiota on cognitive function is hypothesized to manifest through both the nervous system and circulatory system. Imbalances in intestinal microbiota during the perioperative period could potentially contribute to perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction. This article concentrates on a review of existing literature to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota on brain and cognitive functions via the nervous and circulatory systems.Additionally, it summarizes recent findings on the impact of perioperative intestinal dysbacteriosis on perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction and suggests novel approaches for prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunyang He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengyu Qian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Mei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhikun Su
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Xun Xia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Li L, Yang L, Zhang L, He F, Xia Z, Xiang B. Multi-omic analysis reveals that Bacillus licheniformis enhances pekin ducks growth performance via lipid metabolism regulation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412231. [PMID: 38933681 PMCID: PMC11201536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bacillus licheniformis (B.licheniformis) was widely used in poultry feeds. However, it is still unclear about how B.licheniformis regulates the growth and development of Pekin ducks. Methods: The experiment was designed to clarify the effect and molecular mechanism of B. licheniformis on the lipid metabolism and developmental growth of Pekin ducks through multiomics analysis, including transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Results: The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of 400 mg/kg B. licheniformis could significantly increase the body weight of Pekin ducks and the content of triglyceride (p < 0.05), at the same time, the addition of B. licheniformis could affect the lipid metabolism of liver in Pekin ducks, and the addition of 400 mg/kg B. licheniformis could significantly increase the content of lipoprotein lipase in liver of Pekin ducks. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the addition of B. licheniformis primarily impacted fatty acid and glutathione, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, as well as biosynthesis and elongation of unsaturated fatty acids. Metabolomic analysis indicated that B. licheniformis primarily affected the regulation of glycerol phospholipids, fatty acids, and glycerol metabolites. Multiomics analysis demonstrated that the addition of B. licheniformis to the diet of Pekin ducks enhanced the regulation of enzymes involved in fat synthesis via the PPAR signaling pathway, actively participating in fat synthesis and fatty acid transport. Discussion: We found that B. licheniformis effectively influences fat content and lipid metabolism by modulating lipid metabolism-associated enzymes in the liver. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of how B. licheniformis can improve the growth performance of Pekin ducks, particularly in terms of fat deposition, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for its practical application. Conclusion: B. licheniformis can increase the regulation of enzymes related to fat synthesis through PPAR signal pathway, and actively participate in liver fat synthesis and fatty acid transport, thus changing the lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks, mainly in the regulation of glycerol phospholipids, fatty acids and glycerol lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyu Yang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengping He
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang X, Zhang M, Du M, Jiang W, Li C. Butyrate and Propionate are Negatively Correlated with Obesity and Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1533-1541. [PMID: 38586541 PMCID: PMC10998531 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s434499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence has demonstrated the important roles of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids, especially acetate, propionate and butyrate, in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases. To date, the effects of acetate, propionate and butyrate on human adiposity and glucose metabolism remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the associations of systemically acetate, propionate and butyrate with obesity and glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Methods A total of 12 patients with T2D and obesity and 8 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals with BMI <24 kg/m2 were enrolled in this study. Height, weight, body composition, blood pressure, biochemical indices, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and plasma acetate, propionate and butyrate were measured at baseline. Then, participants in T2D group were given a weight control therapy, in addition to conventional medication, and all the measurements were repeated 12 months from baseline. The direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess body composition. Acetate, propionate and butyrate levels were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Results Butyrate concentration significantly increased from baseline after obvious weight loss (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that propionate was negatively correlated with percent of body fat (PBF) and 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) (P<0.05), and butyrate was negatively associated with body mass index, visceral fat area, PBF and 2-h PG (P<0.05). No association was found between acetate and obesity. Conclusion Butyrate and propionate are negatively correlated with obesity and glucose levels in patients with T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanju Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyang Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiran Jiang
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chunjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Li S, Fang F, Yin Y, Wang Q. Recent progresses in gut microbiome mediates obstructive sleep apnea-induced cardiovascular diseases. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:118-130. [PMID: 38585431 PMCID: PMC10995711 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifactorial sleep disorder with a high prevalence in the general population. OSA is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly hypertension, and is linked to worse outcomes. Although the correlation between OSA and CVDs is firmly established, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Continuous positive airway pressure is primary treatment for OSA reducing cardiovascular risk effectively, while is limited by inadequate compliance. Moreover, alternative treatments for cardiovascular complications in OSA are currently not available. Recently, there has been considerable attention on the significant correlation between gut microbiome and pathophysiological changes in OSA. Furthermore, gut microbiome has a significant impact on the cardiovascular complications that arise from OSA. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of this association is lacking. This review examines recent advancements to clarify the link between the gut microbiome, OSA, and OSA-related CVDs, with a specific focus on hypertension, and also explores potential health advantages of adjuvant therapy that targets the gut microbiome in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial People’s HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Haifen Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial People’s HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Shuai Li
- Shanxi Provincial People’s HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Fan Fang
- Shanxi Provincial People’s HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yanran Yin
- Shanxi Provincial People’s HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalThe Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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Han G, Yu J, He J, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu B. Subtherapeutic Kitasamycin Promoted Fat Accumulation in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1057. [PMID: 38612296 PMCID: PMC11010921 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Kitasamycin (KM), a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, has implications for growth performance and residue in animals and humans. This study aimed to explore the effects of different KM doses on intramuscular fat accumulation, cecal microflora, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using a growing-finishing pig model. Forty-two pigs were divided into three groups: control, subtherapeutic KM (50 mg/kg, KM50), and therapeutic KM (200 mg/kg, KM200) diets over 8 weeks. KM50 led to increased back fat thickness, fat content in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), and elevated plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels (p < 0.05), supported by upregulated lipid synthesis gene expression (Acc1, Fas, Scd1) (p < 0.05) in the LM. KM50 altered cecal microflora, reducing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. abundance, while increasing SCFA concentrations (acetic acid, propionic acid, total SCFAs) (p < 0.05). KM200 had minimal effects on intestinal weight and density, with increased apparent digestibility of nutrients. These findings highlight the dose-dependent impact of KM on intramuscular fat deposition. Subtherapeutic KM induced ectopic fat deposition, emphasizing potential risks in disease treatment for humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.H.); (J.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.)
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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Cross C, Davies M, Bateman E, Crame E, Joyce P, Wignall A, Ariaee A, Gladman MA, Wardill H, Bowen J. Fibre-rich diet attenuates chemotherapy-related neuroinflammation in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:13-25. [PMID: 37757978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota has received increasing recognition as a key mediator of neurological conditions with neuroinflammatory features, through its production of the bioactive metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Although neuroinflammation is a hallmark shared by the neuropsychological complications of chemotherapy (including cognitive impairment, fatigue and depression), the use of microbial-based therapeutics has not previously been studied in this setting. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of a high fibre diet known to modulate the microbiota, and its associated metabolome, on neuroinflammation caused by the common chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Twenty-four female C57Bl/6 mice were treated with 5-FU (400 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) or vehicle control, with or without a high fibre diet (constituting amylose starch; 4.7 % crude fibre content), given one week prior to 5-FU and until study completion (16 days after 5-FU). Faecal pellets were collected longitudinally for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and terminal SCFA concentrations of the caecal contents were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Neuroinflammation was determined by immunofluorescent analysis of astrocyte density (GFAP). The high fibre diet significantly altered gut microbiota composition, increasing the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Akkermansiaceae (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0179) whilst increasing the production of propionate (p = 0.0097). In the context of 5-FU, the diet reduced GFAP expression in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (p < 0.0001) as well as the midbrain (p = 0.0216). Astrocyte density negatively correlated with propionate concentrations and the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Akkermansiaceae, suggesting a relationship between neuroinflammatory and gastrointestinal markers in this model. This study provides the first evidence of the neuroprotective effects of fibre via dietary intake in alleviating the neuroimmune changes seen in response to systemically administered 5-FU, indicating that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a targetable mediator to reduce the neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Cross
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maya Davies
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Bateman
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elise Crame
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amin Ariaee
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Hannah Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Joanne Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Wang G, Fang L, Chen Y, Ma Y, Zhao H, Wu Y, Xu S, Cai G, Pan F. Association between exposure to mixture of heavy metals and hyperlipidemia risk among U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140334. [PMID: 37788750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that exposure to heavy metals might increase the risk of hyperlipidemia. However, limited research has investigated the association between exposure to mixture of heavy metals and hyperlipidemia risk. To explore the independent and combined effects of heavy metal exposure on hyperlipidemia risk, this study involved 3293 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including 2327 with hyperlipidemia and the remaining without. In the individual metal analysis, the logistic regression model confirmed the positive effects of barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), and uranium (U) on hyperlipidemia risk, Ba, Cd, Hg and Pb were further validated in restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression model and identified as positive linear relationships. In the metal mixture analysis, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile-based g computation (qgcomp) models consistently revealed a positive correlation between exposure to metal mixture and hyperlipidemia risk, with Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb, and U having significant positive driving roles in the overall effects. These associations were more prominent in young/middle-aged individuals. Moreover, the BKMR model uncovered some interactions between specific heavy metals. In conclusion, this study offers new evidence supporting the link between combined exposure to multiple heavy metals and hyperlipidemia risk, but considering the limitations of this study, further prospective research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Lanlan Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Shengqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Guoqi Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Guo M, Wang X, Li Y, Luo A, Zhao Y, Luo X, Li S. Intermittent Fasting on Neurologic Diseases: Potential Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4915. [PMID: 38068773 PMCID: PMC10707790 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is surging. These disorders have a multifaceted pathogenesis, entwined with genetic and environmental factors. Emerging research underscores the profound influence of diet on the development and progression of health conditions. Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern that is increasingly embraced and recommended, has demonstrated potential in improving neurophysiological functions and mitigating pathological injuries with few adverse effects. Although the precise mechanisms of IF's beneficial impact are not yet completely understood, gut microbiota and their metabolites are believed to be pivotal in mediating these effects. This review endeavors to thoroughly examine current studies on the shifts in gut microbiota and metabolite profiles prompted by IF, and their possible consequences for neural health. It also highlights the significance of dietary strategies as a clinical consideration for those with neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ailin Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Turpin T, Thouvenot K, Gonthier MP. Adipokines and Bacterial Metabolites: A Pivotal Molecular Bridge Linking Obesity and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis to Target. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1692. [PMID: 38136564 PMCID: PMC10742113 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are essential mediators produced by adipose tissue and exert multiple biological functions. In particular, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, IL-6, MCP-1 and PAI-1 play specific roles in the crosstalk between adipose tissue and other organs involved in metabolic, immune and vascular health. During obesity, adipokine imbalance occurs and leads to a low-grade pro-inflammatory status, promoting insulin resistance-related diabetes and its vascular complications. A causal link between obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis has been demonstrated. The deregulation of gut bacteria communities characterizing this dysbiosis influences the synthesis of bacterial substances including lipopolysaccharides and specific metabolites, generated via the degradation of dietary components, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine metabolized into trimethylamine-oxide in the liver and indole derivatives. Emerging evidence suggests that these bacterial metabolites modulate signaling pathways involved in adipokine production and action. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular links between gut bacteria-derived metabolites and adipokine imbalance in obesity, and emphasizes their roles in key pathological mechanisms related to oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance and vascular disorder. Given this interaction between adipokines and bacterial metabolites, the review highlights their relevance (i) as complementary clinical biomarkers to better explore the metabolic, inflammatory and vascular complications during obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis, and (ii) as targets for new antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic triple action strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; (T.T.); (K.T.)
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11
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Lokesh J, Delaygues M, Defaix R, Le Bechec M, Pigot T, Dupont-Nivet M, Kerneis T, Labbé L, Goardon L, Terrier F, Panserat S, Ricaud K. Interaction between genetics and inulin affects host metabolism in rainbow trout fed a sustainable all plant-based diet. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1105-1120. [PMID: 36690577 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inulin affects nutrition and metabolism in many animals. Although inulin is widely used in the diet of teleosts, its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of inulin (2 %) on the intestinal microbiome and metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for growth and survival when fed a 100 % plant-based diet (suave) and a control line (temoin). Metabolic responses to the two factors (line and inulin) in liver, intestine, muscle and adipose were tissue-specific, with line and interaction between the two factors influencing overall expression in liver. In the intestine, inulin and line and in muscle, line influenced the expression of metabolic genes. Microbiota between the mucus and digestive contents was significantly different, with genera from Proteobacteria being more abundant in the mucus, whereas genera from the Firmicutes and Planctomycetes being more abundant in contents. Effect of inulin and interaction between factors on the microbiome was evident in contents. The significant taxa of control and inulin-fed groups differed greatly with Streptococcus and Weissella being significantly abundant in the inulin-fed group. There was a general trend showing higher levels of all SCFA in temoin group with propionic acid levels being significantly higher. An operational taxonomic unit (OTU) belonging to the Ruminococcaceae was significantly abundant in suave. The tissue-specific correlations between OTU and gene expression may indicate the link between microbiome and metabolism. Together, these results suggest that line and inulin impact the gene expression in a tissue-specific manner, possibly driven by specific OTUs enriched in inulin-fed groups and suave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jep Lokesh
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Marine Delaygues
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Raphaël Defaix
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France; Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 avenue Président Angot, 64 053 PAU cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Pigot
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France; Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 avenue Président Angot, 64 053 PAU cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Terrier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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12
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Malinowska AM, Majcher M, Hooiveld GJ, Przydatek H, Szaban M, Kurowiecka A, Schmidt M. Experimental Capacity of Human Fecal Microbiota to Degrade Fiber and Produce Short-Chain Fatty Acids Is Associated with Diet Quality and Anthropometric Parameters. J Nutr 2023; 153:2827-2841. [PMID: 37573016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered beneficial to human health. The associations between bacterial capacity to produce SCFAs, diet, and health are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the capacity of human fecal microbiota to produce SCFAs and to metabolize soluble and insoluble fiber and to study its associations with human diet, anthropometric parameters, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with 200 adult participants. Diet was evaluated using food records. Capacity to produce acetate, butyrate, and propionate and to degrade soluble fiber were assessed in an ex vivo experiment where fecal samples were inoculated in a pectin-containing broth. Fecal β-glucosidase activity was measured to assess potential to degrade insoluble fiber. RESULTS The main dietary determinants of high capacity to metabolize fiber were high intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. After adjusting analyses for confounders, glucose and lipid parameters were not significantly associated with any of the studied microbial capacities, but the capacity to produce propionic acid was significantly associated with hip circumference (β = -0.018, P = 0.044), which was seen especially in people eating healthy. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that high intake of fiber-rich products is positively associated with the capacity of fecal microbiota to degrade soluble and insoluble dietary fiber and that people eating healthy food might benefit from enhanced microbial capacity to produce propionic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Malinowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Malgorzata Majcher
- Department of Food Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Guido Jej Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Przydatek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Szaban
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Kurowiecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Bozkurt B, Terlemez G, Sezgin E. Basidiomycota species in Drosophila gut are associated with host fat metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13807. [PMID: 37612350 PMCID: PMC10447447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of bacterial microbiota on host metabolism and obesity risk is well documented. However, the role of fungal microbiota on host storage metabolite pools is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on D. melanogaster fat metabolism, and examine interrelatedness between fungal and bacterial microbiota, and major metabolic pools. Fungal and bacterial microbiota profiles, fat, glycogen, and trehalose metabolic pools are measured in a context of genetic variation represented by whole genome sequenced inbred Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) samples. Increasing Basidiomycota, Acetobacter persici, Acetobacter pomorum, and Lactobacillus brevis levels correlated with decreasing triglyceride levels. Host genes and biological pathways, identified via genome-wide scans, associated with Basidiomycota and triglyceride levels were different suggesting the effect of Basidiomycota on fat metabolism is independent of host biological pathways that control fungal microbiota or host fat metabolism. Although triglyceride, glycogen and trehalose levels were highly correlated, microorganisms' effect on triglyceride pool were independent of glycogen and trehalose levels. Multivariate analyses suggested positive interactions between Basidiomycota, A. persici, and L. brevis that collectively correlated negatively with fat and glycogen pools. In conclusion, fungal microbiota can be a major player in host fat metabolism. Interactions between fungal and bacterial microbiota may exert substantial control over host storage metabolite pools and influence obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Bozkurt
- Bioengineering Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Terlemez
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Efe Sezgin
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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14
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Yadav J, Liang T, Qin T, Nathan N, Schwenger KJP, Pickel L, Xie L, Lei H, Winer DA, Maughan H, Robertson SJ, Woo M, Lou W, Banks K, Jackson T, Okrainec A, Hota SS, Poutanen SM, Sung HK, Allard JP, Philpott DJ, Gaisano HY. Gut microbiome modified by bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity and correlates with increased brown fat activity and energy expenditure. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101051. [PMID: 37196633 PMCID: PMC10213984 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the microbiome correlate with improved metabolism in patients following bariatric surgery. While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from obese patients into germ-free (GF) mice has suggested a significant role of the gut microbiome in metabolic improvements following bariatric surgery, causality remains to be confirmed. Here, we perform paired FMT from the same obese patients (BMI > 40; four patients), pre- and 1 or 6 months post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, into Western diet-fed GF mice. Mice colonized by FMT from patients' post-surgery stool exhibit significant changes in microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles and, most importantly, improved insulin sensitivity compared with pre-RYGB FMT mice. Mechanistically, mice harboring the post-RYGB microbiome show increased brown fat mass and activity and exhibit increased energy expenditure. Moreover, improvements in immune homeostasis within the white adipose tissue are also observed. Altogether, these findings point to a direct role for the gut microbiome in mediating improved metabolic health post-RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Yadav
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tao Liang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tairan Qin
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nayanan Nathan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lauren Pickel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Li Xie
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helena Lei
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan J Robertson
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Banks
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Jackson
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susy S Hota
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Infection Prevention and Control, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M Poutanen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Herbert Y Gaisano
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Hashemnia SMR, Meshkani R, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Shabani M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Ragerdi Kashani I, Siadat SD, Mohassel Azadi S, Emamgholipour S. Amelioration of obesity-induced white adipose tissue inflammation by Bacillus coagulans T4 in a high-fat diet-induced obese murine model. Life Sci 2023; 314:121286. [PMID: 36526049 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fresh evidence suggests that B. coagulans can be regarded as a promising therapeutic alternative for metabolic disorders. However, the possible effects of this probiotic on obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation are unknown. METHODS C57BL/6j male mice were assigned to a normal-chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. After this period, HFD-fed mice were randomly divided into two groups; HFD control group and HFD plus B. coagulans T4 (IBRC-N10791) for another 8 weeks. B. coagulans T4 was administrated daily by oral intragastric gavage (1 × 109 colony-forming units). KEY FINDINGS Here, we found that B. coagulans successfully mitigated obesity and related metabolic disorder, as indicated by reduced body weight gain, decreased adiposity, and improved glucose tolerance. B. coagulans T4 administration also inhibited HFD-induced macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue and switched M1 to M2 macrophages. In parallel, B. coagulans T4 treatment attenuated HFD-induced alteration in mRNA expression of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and Tlr4 in white adipose tissue. Moreover, B. coagulans T4 supplementation reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and increased the number of Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium compared to the HFD group. Additionally, a significant increase in propionate and acetate levels in the HFD group was seen following B. coagulans T4 administration. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the present study provides evidence that B. coagulans T4 supplementation exerts anti-obesity effects in part through attenuating inflammation in adipose tissue. The present study will have significant implications for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mohassel Azadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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May KS, den Hartigh LJ. Gut Microbial-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids: Impact on Adipose Tissue Physiology. Nutrients 2023; 15:272. [PMID: 36678142 PMCID: PMC9865590 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health issue and major risk factor for pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, hepatic steatosis, and certain types of cancer. These metabolic complications result from a combination of genetics and environmental influences, thus contributing to impact whole-body homeostasis. Mechanistic animal and human studies have indicated that an altered gut microbiota can mediate the development of obesity, leading to inflammation beyond the intestine. Moreover, prior research suggests an interaction between gut microbiota and peripheral organs such as adipose tissue via different signaling pathways; yet, to what degree and in exactly what ways this inter-organ crosstalk modulates obesity remains elusive. This review emphasizes the influence of circulating gut-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) i.e., acetate, propionate, and butyrate, on adipose tissue metabolism in the scope of obesity, with an emphasis on adipocyte physiology in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we discuss some of the well-established mechanisms via which microbial SCFAs exert a role as a prominent host energy source, hence regulating overall energy balance and health. Collectively, exploring the mechanisms via which SCFAs impact adipose tissue metabolism appears to be a promising avenue to improve metabolic conditions related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolline S. May
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican Street, Box 358062, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican Street, Box 358062, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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17
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Armani A, Feraco A, Camajani E, Gorini S, Lombardo M, Caprio M. Nutraceuticals in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243996. [PMID: 36552762 PMCID: PMC9776638 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated comorbidities have become pandemic, and challenge the global healthcare system. Lifestyle changes, nutritional interventions and phamaceuticals should be differently combined in a personalized strategy to tackle such a public health burden. Altered brown adipose tissue (BAT) function contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and glucose metabolism dysfunctions. BAT thermogenic activity burns glucose and fatty acids to produce heat through uncoupled respiration, and can dissipate the excessive calorie intake, reduce glycemia and circulate fatty acids released from white adipose tissue. Thus, BAT activity is expected to contribute to whole body energy homeostasis and protect against obesity, diabetes and alterations in lipid profile. To date, pharmacological therapies aimed at activating brown fat have failed in clinical trials, due to cardiovascular side effects or scarce efficacy. On the other hand, several studies have identified plant-derived chemical compounds capable of stimulating BAT thermogenesis in animal models, suggesting the translational applications of dietary supplements to fight adipose tissue dysfunctions. This review describes several nutraceuticals with thermogenic properties and provides indications, at a molecular level, of the regulation of the adipocyte thermogenesis by the mentioned phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Armani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorini
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
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18
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Liu W, Yang G, Liu P, Jiang X, Xin Y. Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by microbial-derived metabolites. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031498. [PMID: 36569060 PMCID: PMC9783635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, have posed a significant burden on health and healthcare systems over the years due to their high prevalence and incidence. Gut microbial derivatives are necessary for the regulation of energy metabolism and host immunity, as well as for maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal environment. Gut flora metabolites may be a link between gut microbes and diseases, such as obesity, and help understand why alterations in the microbiota can influence the pathophysiology of human disease. This is supported by emerging evidence that microbial-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, tryptophan, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharides, can be beneficial or detrimental to the host by affecting organs outside the gut, including adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the largest lipid storage organ in the body and an essential endocrine organ that plays an indispensable role in the regulation of lipid storage, metabolism, and energy balance. Adipose tissue metabolism includes adipocyte metabolism (lipogenesis and lipolysis), thermogenesis, and adipose tissue metabolic maladaptation. Adipose tissue dysfunction causes the development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. Here, we review the current understanding of how these microbial metabolites are produced and discuss both established mechanisms and the most recent effects of microbial products on host adipose tissue metabolism. We aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets or strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Xin Jiang,
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Ying Xin,
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19
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KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223070. [PMID: 36428301 PMCID: PMC9686882 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), or guanosine triphosphatase KRAS, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that KRAS can promote cytokine secretion, cell chemotaxis, and survival. However, its effects on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells are unclear. In this study, the effects of KRAS inhibition on cell metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, and lipid composition as well as the potential mechanisms were detected in an immortalized dairy cow mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The results showed that inhibition of KRAS changed the lipid composition (especially the triglyceride level), mitochondrial functions, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cells. Moreover, KRAS inhibition regulated the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38) activation. These results indicated that regulation of KRAS would affect the synthesis and composition of milk fat. These results are also helpful for exploring the synthesis and secretion of milk fat at the molecular level and provide a theoretical basis for improving the percentage of fat in milk and the yield of milk from cows.
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20
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Akhlaghi M. The role of dietary fibers in regulating appetite, an overview of mechanisms and weight consequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3139-3150. [PMID: 36193993 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers prevent obesity through reduction of hunger and prolongation of satiety. A number of mechanical and endocrine signals from gastrointestinal tract are stimulated by fibers and their fermentation products, reach regions of brain involved in the regulation of appetite, and ultimately reduce food intake. Gastric distention, delayed gastric emptying, prevention of hypoglycemic, increased amounts of unabsorbed nutrients reaching to the ileum, and stimulation of enteroendocrine cells for secretion of cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY are among mechanisms of fibers in decreasing hunger and prolongation of satiety. Fermentation of fibers produces short-chain fatty acids that also stimulates enteroendocrine cells to secrete GLP-1 and PYY. Randomized controlled trials have shown reductions in energy intake and body weight along with increased satiation and reduced hunger following consumption of fibers. Prospective cohort studies have confirmed these results but the extent of weight loss in some studies has been small. Controversies exist between studies particularly for the effect of fibers on the gastrointestinal hormones, subsequent food intake, and the resultant weight loss. More studies are needed before a clear conclusion can be drawn especially for the effect of fibers on appetite-related hormones and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Effects of Cichorium glandulosum on hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and intestinal flora in db/db mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Liang H, Ze X, Wang S, Wang Y, Peng C, Cheng R, Jiang F, Wu S, He R, He F, Zhang X, Shen X. Potential Health-Promoting Effects of Two Candidate Probiotics Isolated from Infant Feces Using an Immune-Based Screening Strategy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173651. [PMID: 36079908 PMCID: PMC9459954 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms in the human gut are a good source of candidate probiotics, particularly those with immunomodulatory effects that may improve health outcomes by regulating interactions between the gut microbiome and distal organs. Previously, we used an immune-based screening strategy to select two potential probiotic strains from infant feces in China, Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 (207-1) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 207-27 (207-27). In this study, the in vitro immunological effects and potential in vivo general health benefits of these two strains were evaluated using Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as the control. The results showed that 207-1 and 207-27 significantly and differentially modulated the cytokine profiles of primary splenic cells, while did not induce abnormal systemic immune responses in healthy mice. They also modulated the gut microbiota composition in a strain-dependent manner, thus decreasing Gram-negative bacteria and increasing health-promoting taxa and short-chain fatty acid levels, particularly butyric acid. Conclusively, 207-1 and 207-27 shaped a robust gut environment in healthy mice in a strain-specific manner. Their potential immunomodulatory effects and other elite properties will be further explored using animal models of disease and subsequent clinical trials. This immune-based screening strategy is promising in efficiently and economically identifying elite candidate probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Silu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenrui Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fengling Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention, Sichuan Tianfu New Area Public Health Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Simou Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruikun He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-188-2628-0119 (X.Z.); +86-152-0821-3847 (X.S.)
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-188-2628-0119 (X.Z.); +86-152-0821-3847 (X.S.)
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23
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Li D, Xu Z, Li Y, Gan L, Wu P, Wu R, Jin J, Zheng X, Zhang K, Ma H, Li L. Polysaccharides from Callerya speciosa alleviate metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8662-8675. [PMID: 35904346 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00337f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Callerya speciosa ("Niu Dali" in Chinese) is a well-known edible plant in Southeast China. C. speciosa roots contain a high level of polysaccharides, which have been reported to show multiple health-promoting effects. In the current study, the anti-obesity effects of a crude extract of C. speciosa polysaccharides (NP) and its underlying mechanisms of action are investigated. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups and fed either a standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). The HFD + NP group mice received oral administration of NP (100 mg per kg per day) every other day for 10 weeks. NP supplementation alleviated HFD-induced diabetic biomarkers including body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, liver steatosis, and adipocyte hypertrophy. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that NP inhibited hepatic de novo lipogenesis and adipogenesis (i.e. decreased expression of Srebp1c, Fas, Cebpα, and Pparγ), stimulated adipocyte lipolysis (enhanced mRNA expression of Hsl and Mgl), and attenuated HFD-induced hepatic inflammation (decreased expression of TNF-α and NF-κB p65). Furthermore, 16S rDNA and GC-MS analyses showed that NP supplementation restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes proportion, elevated colon-derived SCFAs, especially acetic acid content, and increased the relative abundance of genera associated with SCFA production in HFD-fed mice. Findings from this study suggest that NP alleviated HFD-induced obesity in a mouse model, which was possibly due to its ameliorative effects on diet-induced gut dysbiosis. Polysaccharides from C. speciosa are promising prebiotics and they may be further developed as functional foods for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhaonan Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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24
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Wang TY, Tao SY, Wu YX, An T, Lv BH, Liu JX, Liu YT, Jiang GJ. Quinoa Reduces High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice via Potential Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Liver Interaction Mechanisms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0032922. [PMID: 35583337 PMCID: PMC9241864 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00329-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is important in the occurrence and development of obesity. It can not only via its metabolites, but also through microbiota-gut-brain-liver interactions, directly or indirectly, influence obesity. Quinoa, known as one kind of pseudocereals and weight loss food supplements, has been high-profile for its high nutritional value and broad applications. In this context, we produced high-fat diet-induced (HFD) obese mouse models and assessed the efficacy of quinoa with saponin and quinoa without saponin on obesity. We explored the potential therapeutic mechanisms of quinoa using methods such as 16S rRNA, Western blotting, Immunohistochemical (IHC). Our results indicated that quinoa can improve the obese symptoms significantly on HFD mice, as well as aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism. Further analyses suggest that quinoa can regulate microbiota in the colon and have predominantly regulation on Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Desulfovibrio, meanwhile can decrease the F/B ratio and the abundance of Blautia. Contemporaneously, quinoa can upregulate the expression of TGR5 in the colon and brain, as well as GLP-1 in the colon, liver and brain. while downregulate the expression of TLR4 in the colon and liver, as well as markers of ER stress and oxidative stress in livers and serums. Beyond this, tight junctional proteins in colons and brains are also increased in response to quinoa. Therefore, quinoa can effectively reduce obesity and may possibly exert through microbiota-gut-brain-liver interaction mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Gut microbiota has been investigated extensively, as a driver of obesity as well as a therapeutic target. Studies of its mechanisms are predominantly microbiota-gut-brain axis or microbiota-gut-liver axis. Recent studies have shown that there is an important correlation between the gut-brain-liver axis and the energy balance of the body. Our research focus on microbiota-gut-brain-liver axis, as well as influences of quinoa in intestinal microbiota. We extend this study to the interaction between microbiota and brains, and the result shows obvious differences in the composition of the microbiome between the HFD group and others. These observations infer that besides the neurotransmitter and related receptors, microbiota itself may be a mediator for regulating bidirectional communication, along the gut-brain-liver axis. Taken together, these results also provide strong evidence for widening the domain of applicability of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ye Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yu Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Han Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xian Liu
- Zhong Li Science and Technology Limited Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tong Liu
- Gansu Pure High-Land Agricultural Science and Technology Limited Company, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guang-Jian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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25
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Ge H, Wei W, Tang L, Tian Y, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Liu S. CONSORT-Characteristics and metabolic phenotype of gut microbiota in NAFLD patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29347. [PMID: 35758365 PMCID: PMC9276074 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have symptoms of a gut microbiota disorder with abnormal amino acid and glycolipid metabolism. This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with NAFLD, predict the gut microbiota phenotype, explore its role in the diagnosis of NAFLD, and establish its significance in disease progression.The characteristics of the gut microbiota in NAFLD patients (n = 28, 45.8 ± 14.2 years, male/female = 18/10) and healthy subjects (n = 20, 49.6 ± 4.8 years, male/female = 14/6) during March-May 2020 were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and the phenotypes with large differences were predicted using the Tax4Fun method. The metabolites in the fecal samples of the patients were analyzed using mass spectrometry, and their correlation with different microorganisms was examined. The accuracy of the gut microbiota in diagnosing NAFLD was investigated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.We found that the microbial diversity and Bacteroides/Firmicutes (BF) ratio changed significantly (P < .05) in the feces of NAFLD patients. Phenotypic prediction showed that there were significant differences in the phenotypes of amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism of gut microbiota in the NAFLD group (P < .05). receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that combination of Bacteroides and the BF ratio resulted in 88% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, when used for NAFLD diagnosis. Metabolomics and bioinformatics analysis revealed changes in the metabolism of nicotinate, nicotinamide, and pyrimidine; signaling pathways of calcium and oxytocin; pancreatic secretion with metabolites such as uracil, xanthine, and biliverdin; and enzymes such as xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase (P < .05).Therefore, the phenotypic changes may be a potential marker for NAFLD and we considered that a combined analysis of Bacteroides and BF ratio had good diagnostic accuracy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haize Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Severe Hepatitis, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Osteology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqiong Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuye Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
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26
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Sawicka-Śmiarowska E, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Kamiński KA. Why Do These Microbes Like Me and How Could There Be a Link with Cardiovascular Risk Factors? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030599. [PMID: 35160056 PMCID: PMC8836897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of hospitalization, death, and disability in Europe. Due to high prevalence and ensuing clinical complications, they lead to very high social and economic costs. Despite the knowledge of classical cardiovascular risk factors, there is an urgent need for discovering new factors that may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases or potentially influence prognosis. Recently, particular attention has been drawn to the endogenous microflora of the human body, mostly those inhabiting the digestive system. It has been shown that bacteria, along with their host cells, create an interactive ecosystem of interdependencies and relationships. This interplay could influence both the metabolic homeostasis and the immune processes of the host, hence leading to cardiovascular disease development. In this review, we attempt to describe, in the context of cardiovascular risk factors, why particular microbes occur in individuals and how they might influence the host’s cardiovascular system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sawicka-Śmiarowska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfection, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Karol Adam Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-8318-656
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