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Wang M, Chee J, Tanaka MJ, Lee YHD. Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and knee injuries: current concepts for female athletes. J ISAKOS 2024; 9:781-787. [PMID: 38795863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
In athletes, a mismatch between caloric intake and energy expended in exercise can eventually lead to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), where the athlete suffers from physiological derangements and decreased sport performance. The prevalence of REDs is higher in females than males. Females are already at a higher risk of knee injuries, which has been attributed to a multitude of factors such as hormonal influences, differences in musculoskeletal anatomy and neuromuscular control compared to males. The literature demonstrates an even higher risk of knee injuries in female athletes with symptoms of REDs. We propose the various factors that influence this risk. A reduction in anabolic hormones can affect muscle development and tendon repair. A relationship between poor neuromuscular control and knee injury has been established, and this can be further worsened in patients with menstrual dysfunction. Chronic deficiency in nutrients such as collagen and vitamin D can result in poorer recovery from microtrauma in tendons and ligaments. All these factors may contribute to increasing the risk of knee injuries, which may include anterior cruciate ligament tears, patella tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain syndrome. This review aims to educate sports clinicians to have a high index of suspicion when treating knee injuries in females; to screen and then manage for REDs if present, for holistic patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Wang
- Division of Sports, Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119288, Singapore.
| | - Jade Chee
- Division of Sports, Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119288, Singapore
| | - Miho J Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yee Han Dave Lee
- Division of Sports, Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119288, Singapore
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Lin RT, Osipov B, Steffen D, Chamberlin M, Pathak SJ, Christiansen BA, Paulussen KJM, Baar K. Saturated fatty acids negatively affect musculoskeletal tissues in vitro and in vivo. Matrix Biol Plus 2024; 23:100153. [PMID: 38882396 PMCID: PMC11179588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2024.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish oils rank among the world's most popular nutritional supplements and are purported to have numerous health benefits. Previous work suggested that fish oils increase collagen production; however, the effect of fish oils on musculoskeletal health is poorly understood. Further, the divergent effects of omega-3 (Ω3FA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) remains poorly understood. We tested the effects of Ω3FA and SFAs on in vitro-engineered human ligament (EHL) function. EHLs were treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)), palmitic acid (PA, 16:0), or a BSA control for 6 days. EPA did not significantly alter, whereas PA significantly decreased EHL function and collagen content. To determine whether this was an in vitro artifact, mice were fed a control or high-lard diet for 14 weeks and musculoskeletal mass, insulin sensitivity, and the collagen content, and mechanics of tendon and bone were determined. Body weight was 40 % higher on a HFD, but muscle, tendon, and bone mass did not keep up with body weight resulting in relative losses in muscle mass, tendon, and bone collagen, as well as mechanical properties. Importantly, we show that PA acutely decreases collagen synthesis in vitro to a similar extent as the decrease in collagen content with chronic treatment. These data suggest that Ω3FAs have a limited effect on EHLs, whereas SFA exert a negative effect on collagen synthesis resulting in smaller and weaker musculoskeletal tissues both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Osipov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Steffen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marin Chamberlin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Suraj J Pathak
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Blaine A Christiansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J M Paulussen
- Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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McGinley JJ, Dabis J, Morrison T, Podvin C, Ellis HB, Ulman S. Greater Post-Operative Nutrition Risks Identified in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Regardless of Age and Sex. Nutrients 2024; 16:2379. [PMID: 39125260 PMCID: PMC11314380 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Systematic detection of risky nutrition behaviors after sports surgery may better promote healing for return-to-sport. The purpose of this study was to assess nutritional behavior differences between patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and following other lower-extremity orthopedic surgeries. One pediatric sports medicine center was reviewed for a custom Sports Nutrition Assessment for Consultation, which investigates nutrition-related risk factors for youth athletes at their first post-operative visit. Patients reported "Yes" or "No" to eight questions, after which they were offered a nutrition consultation for any response indicating risk. A total of 243 post-ACLR and 242 non-ACLR patients were reviewed. The post-ACLR patients more often reported a change in appetite (p = 0.021), recent weight changes (p = 0.011), a desire to better understand nutrition (p = 0.004), and recommendations to change their body composition (p = 0.032). More post-ACLR patients were identified for a nutrition consultation (p = 0.002), though an equal percentage accepted the consultation between groups. Age and sex were not determined to be significant confounders after matched sub-analysis. The post-ACLR patients more often reported nutrition risks, specifically weight-related issues, regardless of age or sex. Sports surgeons should regularly inquire about nutrition-related concerns with patients and refer to sports dietitians for recovery nutrition support as needed, particularly after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. McGinley
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, 5700 Dallas Parkway, Frisco, TX 75034, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.D.); (T.M.); (C.P.); (H.B.E.)
| | - Jessica Dabis
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, 5700 Dallas Parkway, Frisco, TX 75034, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.D.); (T.M.); (C.P.); (H.B.E.)
| | - Taylor Morrison
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, 5700 Dallas Parkway, Frisco, TX 75034, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.D.); (T.M.); (C.P.); (H.B.E.)
| | - Caroline Podvin
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, 5700 Dallas Parkway, Frisco, TX 75034, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.D.); (T.M.); (C.P.); (H.B.E.)
| | - Henry B. Ellis
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, 5700 Dallas Parkway, Frisco, TX 75034, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.D.); (T.M.); (C.P.); (H.B.E.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sophia Ulman
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, 5700 Dallas Parkway, Frisco, TX 75034, USA; (J.J.M.); (J.D.); (T.M.); (C.P.); (H.B.E.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Li G, Li Z, Liu J. Amino acids regulating skeletal muscle metabolism: mechanisms of action, physical training dosage recommendations and adverse effects. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:41. [PMID: 38956658 PMCID: PMC11220999 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining skeletal muscle mass is important for improving muscle strength and function. Hence, maximizing lean body mass (LBM) is the primary goal for both elite athletes and fitness enthusiasts. The use of amino acids as dietary supplements is widespread among athletes and physically active individuals. Extensive literature analysis reveals that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), creatine, glutamine and β-alanine may be beneficial in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism, enhancing LBM and mitigating exercise-induced muscle damage. This review details the mechanisms of these amino acids, offering insights into their efficacy as supplements. Recommended dosage and potential side effects are then outlined to aid athletes in making informed choices and safeguard their health. Lastly, limitations within the current literature are addressed, highlighting opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Li
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal university, No. 5268, Renmin Street, Changchun city, Jilin province, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Gaomi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gaomi city, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Liu
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal university, No. 5268, Renmin Street, Changchun city, Jilin province, 130024, People's Republic of China.
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Nijs J, Mostaqim K, Oostendorp R. Exercise therapy and physical activity in the paradigm shift from a tissue- and disease-based pain management approach towards multimodal lifestyle interventions for chronic pain. Braz J Phys Ther 2024; 28:101101. [PMID: 39096869 PMCID: PMC11345498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physical Therapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Chronic pain rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physical Therapy, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium; Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physical Therapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kenza Mostaqim
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physical Therapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders - FWO, Belgium
| | - Rob Oostendorp
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physical Therapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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6
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Yoshida E, Hayashida H, Sakurai T, Kawasaki K. Evidence of weight loss in junior female judo athletes affects their development. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1420856. [PMID: 38939754 PMCID: PMC11208473 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1420856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The facile manipulation of body weight in junior athletes has the potential to pose significant risks to their lifelong health. In judo, which is a weight class sport, pre-competition weight loss is widespread even among juniors, but information on the current situation is scarce, especially for female athletes, for whom it is important to provide adequate nutrition and enhance bone mass during the growth period, and the details of the current situation are not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the actual weight loss during the growth period in junior female judo athletes and its subsequent impact on their health. Methods The survey was a cross-sectional survey of junior female judo athletes in Japan using a questionnaire. Participants were asked to respond via an online questionnaire about their weight, height, weight loss experience, menstruation, competition results, and other lifestyle. Results 51.8% of subjects experienced weight loss for competition during their junior high school years (ages 12-15). Those who experienced weight loss during secondary sexual characteristics were found to be significantly shorter in current height than those who did not (p < 0.05). Weight loss during secondary sexual characteristics did not affect current menstrual cycle. There was no significant difference in competition results due to the experience of weight loss during junior high school (χ 2 = 4.485, df = 3, n.s.). Conclusions These findings suggest that weight loss during the growth spurt phase may adversely impact normal development. It also suggested that weight loss during the junior high school years may not be a strategy to bring about better competition results. These observations indicate the need for education on appropriate class selection and weight control for junior athletes in weight class competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harumi Hayashida
- Graduate School of Sports Sciences, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
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Mehraj M, Das S, Feroz F, Waheed Wani A, Dar SQ, Kumar S, Wani AK, Farid A. Nutritional Composition and Therapeutic Potential of Pineapple Peel - A Comprehensive Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400315. [PMID: 38484117 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus), the succulent and vibrant tropical fruit, is a symbol of exoticism and sweetness that captures the hearts and palates of people around the world. The pineapple peel, often considered as waste, has garnered attention for its potential applications. The pineapple peel is rich in essential nutrients, including calcium, potassium, vitamin C, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and water, making it beneficial for the digestive system, weight management, and overall balanced nutrition. It contains significant amounts of sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose, along with citric acid as the predominant organic acid. The peel also contains bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme known for its digestive properties. Studies have highlighted the pharmacological properties of pineapple peel, such as its potential anti-parasitic effects, alleviation of constipation, and benefits for individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Efforts are being made to promote the utilization of pineapple peel as a valuable resource rather than mere waste. Its applications range from the production of vinegar, alcohol, and citric acid to the development of various food products, including squash, syrup, jelly, and pickles. Further research and innovation are required to fully explore the potential of pineapple peel and establish sustainable practices for its utilization, contributing to waste reduction and the development of value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrukh Mehraj
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Susmita Das
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Fathima Feroz
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - S Q Dar
- ISAP, India Foundation, Goosu Pulwama, J&K, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering, and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411), Punjab, India
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050, Pakistan
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Lomazzi M. Nutrition for European Elite Fencers: A Practical Tool for Coaches and Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1104. [PMID: 38674795 PMCID: PMC11055078 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to create a comprehensive, innovative, and pragmatic resource to guide elite fencers and coaches in making strategic nutritional choices to enhance performance and facilitate recovery. The literature review identified only 12 articles specifically addressing the topic of nutrition for fencers. Thus, the recommendations provided in this review derive also from articles dealing with similar sports, such as martial arts, and from investigations with European elite fencers and their coaches. For elite fencers, it is suggested to consume daily 7-11 g/kg of body weight (BW) of carbohydrates and 1.5-2 g/kg of BW of proteins and allocate 25% to 30% of the total energy intake to essential fats, with a specific focus on omega-3 fatty acids. The timing of meals, ideally within one hour after exertion, plays a pivotal role in restoring glycogen reserves and preventing injuries. The intake of leucine, creatine, omega-3, collagen, and vitamins C and D is proposed as a strategy for injury recovery. It is worth acknowledging that even when personalized plans are provided, implementation can be challenging, especially during competitions and training camps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lomazzi
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Kali VR, Meda SS. Functional nutrition for the health of exercising individuals and elite sportspersons. Nutr Health 2024; 30:49-59. [PMID: 37583297 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231191865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elite sportspersons who are involved in high-intensity physical sports indulge in severe training and competition schedules, which exposes them to high levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress, hence it may hamper their health sometimes. Disturbance in the health of sportspersons also induces compromised performances. THE PREMISE FOR FUNCTIONAL NUTRITION Functional nutrition is essential for elite sportspersons training for securing both rest and recovery to have proper health and anticipated performance. Apart from serving the energy needs of the sportspersons, the nutrition strategies should provide them with certain metabolic advantages, which provide greater health and immunity, to ensure proper training and competition. The diet of the sportspersons needs to contain appropriate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative nutrients, to ensure to reduction and control of the physiological stress of tissues during high-intensity physical sports, especially during marathon running. Preserving anabolic valence among sportspersons for muscle myokine optimization is an essential aspect of sports nutrition, which secures health and provides excellent performance potential. Preservation and optimization of gut microbiome among sportspersons enhance immune health and performance, through proper gut integrity and enhanced metabolic cascades. As the genes are to be properly expressed for excellent manifestation in protein synthesis and other metabolic signaling, achieving genetic valance through proper nutrition ensures the health of the sportspersons. CONCLUSION Functional nutrition seems a very necessary and potent factor in the training and competition aspects of elite sportspersons since nutrition not only provides recovery but also ensures proper health for elite sportspersons.
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Finnegan E, Daly E, Ryan L. Nutritional Considerations of Irish Performance Dietitians and Nutritionists in Concussion Injury Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:497. [PMID: 38398823 PMCID: PMC10891776 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sport-related concussion incidence has increased in many team-based sports, such as rugby, Gaelic (camogie, hurling, football), and hockey. Concussion disrupts athletes' brain function, causing an "energy crisis" that requires energy and nutrient support to restore function and heal. Performance dietitians and nutritionists play a role in supporting athletes' post-injury nutritional demands. This study aimed to investigate Irish performance dietitians' and nutritionists' knowledge and implementation of nutritional strategies to manage and support athletes' recovery following concussion. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seventeen (n = 17) Irish performance dietitians and nutritionists recruited from the Sport and Exercise Nutrition register and other sporting body networks across Ireland. Participants practised or had practised with amateur and/or professional athletes within the last ten years. All interviews and their transcripts were thematically analysed to extract relevant insights. These data provided valuable insights revealing performance dietitians and nutritionists: (1) their awareness of concussion events and (2) their use of nutritional supports for concussion management. Furthermore, the research highlighted their implementation of 'novel nutritional protocols' specifically designed to support and manage athletes' concussion recovery. There was a clear contrast between participants who had an awareness and knowledge of the importance of nutrition for brain recovery after sport-related concussion(s) and those who did not. Participants presenting with a practical understanding mentioned re-emphasising certain foods and supplements they were already recommending to athletes in the event of a concussion. Performance dietitians and nutritionists were keeping up to date with nutrition research on concussions, but limited evidence has prevented them from implementing protocols in practice. Meanwhile, participants mentioned trialling/recommending nutritional protocols, such as carbohydrate reloading, reducing omega-6 intake, and acutely supplementing creatine, omega-3 fish oils high in Docosahexaenoic acid, and probiotics to support brain healing. Performance dietitians' and nutritionists' use of nutrition protocols with athletes following concussion was linked to their knowledge and the limited scientific evidence available. Nutrition implementation, therefore, may be overlooked or implemented with uncertainty, which could negatively affect athletes' recovery following sports-related concussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Ryan
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Atlantic Technological University (ATU), H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland; (E.F.); (E.D.)
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Valdés-Badilla P, Guzmán-Muñoz E, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Branco BHM, Hernandez-Martinez J, Nobari H. Impact of adapted taekwondo vs. multicomponent training on health status in independent older women: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236402. [PMID: 37886049 PMCID: PMC10598459 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study, called the TKD and Aging Project, aimed to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program concerning multicomponent training on blood pressure, morphological variables, food consumption frequency, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness, handgrip strength, and postural balance in independent older women. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with parallel groups for 8 weeks (24 sessions of 60 min each), employing a double-blind design and incorporating repeated measures. Twenty-eight older women initially participated in the intervention. Three participants were excluded because they did not participate in the re-assessments. Thus, 14 older women from the adapted taekwondo group (TKD; age: 62.86 ± 2.38 years) and 11 from the multicomponent training group (MCT; age: 63.18 ± 1.94 years) participated in the final analysis. A two-factor mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with repeated measures was performed to measure the time × group effect. The TKD showed significant improvements in the mental health (p = 0.024; ES = 0.91) and general health (p < 0.001; ES = 0.75) dimensions of the HRQoL, as well as in the chair stand (p = 0.001; ES = 1.18), arm curl (p < 0.001; ES = 2.10), 2-min step (p < 0.001; ES = 1.73), and chair sit-and-reach (p = 0.001; ES = 0.91) tests. Additionally, it showed a significant reduction in postural balance for the eyes-closed condition in the center of the pressure area (p = 0.021; ES = 0.89), mean velocity (p = 0.004; ES = 0.79), and mediolateral velocity (p < 0.001; ES = 1.26). However, the MCT showed significant increases in the general health (p = 0.013; ES = 0.95) dimension of the HRQoL and a significant reduction (p = 0.039; ES = 0.28) in the mediolateral velocity of postural balance for the eyes-closed condition. Multiple comparisons showed that the TKD scored significantly higher in the chair stand (p = 0.017; ES = 1.79), arm curl (p = 0.003; ES = 1.77), and 2-min step (p = 0.018; ES = 0.91) tests than the MCT. Compared to multicomponent training, taekwondo improves postural balance and provides better benefits in terms of physical fitness and HRQoL for older women. Therefore, it is possible to recommend it as a safe physical activity strategy, as long as it is well-dosed, since it showed high adherence to intervention in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Department of Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jordan Hernandez-Martinez
- Programa de Investigación en Deporte, Sociedad y Buen Vivir, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Subali D, Christos RE, Givianty VT, Ranti AV, Kartawidjajaputra F, Antono L, Dijaya R, Taslim NA, Rizzo G, Nurkolis F. Soy-Based Tempeh Rich in Paraprobiotics Properties as Functional Sports Food: More Than a Protein Source. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112599. [PMID: 37299562 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been no recent opinion that explores tempeh as a functional food that can improve sports performance. Hence, this opinion article aims to elaborate on recent findings on the potential effect on sports performance of soy-based tempeh. This opinion paper presents updated evidence based on literature reviews about soy-based tempeh and its relationship with sports performance. The paraprobiotic role of Lactobacillus gasseri for athletes has been found to restore fatigue and reduce anxiety. This is achieved by increasing protein synthesis activity in eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (EIF2) signaling known as an adaptive pathway for integrated stress response. In addition, these paraprobiotics prevent down-regulation associated with the oxidative phosphorylation gene, thereby contributing to the maintenance of mitochondrial function and recovery from fatigue. The authors believe that this opinion article will encourage researchers to continue to evolve soybean-based tempeh food products and increase the performance of athletes by consuming soy-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysius Subali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Revelo Eved Christos
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Vasya Theodora Givianty
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Alberta Valencia Ranti
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Felicia Kartawidjajaputra
- Health and Nutrition Science Department, Nutrifood Research Center, PT Nutrifood Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Lina Antono
- Health and Nutrition Science Department, Nutrifood Research Center, PT Nutrifood Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Rendy Dijaya
- Health and Nutrition Science Department, Nutrifood Research Center, PT Nutrifood Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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13
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Kim J. Effect of high-dose vitamin C and E supplementation on muscle recovery and training adaptation: a mini review. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:8-12. [PMID: 37583066 PMCID: PMC10440181 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to investigate the effects of high-dose vitamins C and E supplementation combined with acute or chronic exercise on muscle recovery and training adaptation. METHODS We used PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library databases to perform a literature search based on the keywords 'vitamin C, vitamin E, antioxidants, muscle recovery, training adaptation, and oxidative stress'. RESULTS Vitamin C or E supplementation has been reported to contribute to a reduction in oxidative stress and muscle damage; however, there is currently inadequate evidence of their positive effects on muscle recovery. Long-term vitamin C or E supplementation can have negative effects on physiological phenomena required for training adaptation, such as strength, muscle hypertrophy, and endurance. Numerous studies emphasized that an adequate diet consisting of fruits and vegetables is a more appropriate way of consuming antioxidants than supplementation. CONCLUSION The effects of high-dose vitamin C and E supplementation on post-exercise muscle recovery remain unclear and ambiguous, although there is evidence of potential negative effects on training adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Health Care Exercise, Seowon University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Giraldo-Vallejo JE, Cardona-Guzmán MÁ, Rodríguez-Alcivar EJ, Kočí J, Petro JL, Kreider RB, Cannataro R, Bonilla DA. Nutritional Strategies in the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Integrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:819. [PMID: 36839176 PMCID: PMC9965375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that three to five million sports injuries occur worldwide each year. The highest incidence is reported during competition periods with mainly affectation of the musculoskeletal tissue. For appropriate nutritional management and correct use of nutritional supplements, it is important to individualize based on clinical effects and know the adaptive response during the rehabilitation phase after a sports injury in athletes. Therefore, the aim of this PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science PERSiST-based systematic integrative review was to perform an update on nutritional strategies during the rehabilitation phase of musculoskeletal injuries in elite athletes. After searching the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, PEDro, and Google Scholar, a total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (Price Index: 66.6%). The risk of bias assessment for randomized controlled trials was performed using the RoB 2.0 tool while review articles were evaluated using the AMSTAR 2.0 items. Based on the main findings of the selected studies, nutritional strategies that benefit the rehabilitation process in injured athletes include balanced energy intake, and a high-protein and carbohydrate-rich diet. Supportive supervision should be provided to avoid low energy availability. The potential of supplementation with collagen, creatine monohydrate, omega-3 (fish oils), and vitamin D requires further research although the effects are quite promising. It is worth noting the lack of clinical research in injured athletes and the higher number of reviews in the last 10 years. After analyzing the current quantitative and non-quantitative evidence, we encourage researchers to conduct further clinical research studies evaluating doses of the discussed nutrients during the rehabilitation process to confirm findings, but also follow international guidelines at the time to review scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Giraldo-Vallejo
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad de Ciencias de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Miguel Á. Cardona-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad de Ciencias de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Ericka J. Rodríguez-Alcivar
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad de Ciencias de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Jana Kočí
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Galascreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad de Ciencias de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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15
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Rupasinghe WAWS, Perera TSH, Silva KDRR, Samita S, Wickramaratne MN. Nutritional intake of sport undergraduates in Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36593516 PMCID: PMC9806877 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional intake plays an important role in determining energy availability which is vital to health, wellbeing, and sports performance in an active population. This research assessed the sports undergraduates' nutritional intake compared to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and nutrition goals provided by WHO. METHODS This study is a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred and one (n = 101) sports undergraduates aged between 20 to 23 years were recruited and the nutrient intake was assessed using the three-day food diary method and quantified the macro and micronutrients by the food composition database. One sample t-test was performed to compare the mean nutrient intakes with the lowest recommendation values. RESULTS Though most undergraduates were able to meet the dietary requirements in carbohydrates, they were deficient in their protein intake and exceeded in fats intake. Further, both male and female students were deficient in their daily energy intake (1723 kcal, 1607 kcal) and dietary fiber intake (8 g, 11 g). The saturated fat intake was met by all students while 20% of males and 21% of females exceeded the recommendations (< 10%). The micronutrient intake of vitamins such as C, B1, B2, B9, and B12 and minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium, were significantly below the recommendations (p < 0.05) except for vitamin B3 niacin. CONCLUSIONS Providing a nutritionally valuable meal is essentially required to maintain both physical and mental fitness. Our results revealed that the Sri Lankan sport science undergraduates do not have an adequate daily dietary intake of energy, proteins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamins such as C, B1, B2, B9, and B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A W S Rupasinghe
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - T S H Perera
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - K D R R Silva
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka
| | - S Samita
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - M Nirmali Wickramaratne
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Hidellana, Rathnapura, Sri Lanka.
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16
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Nyland J, Pyle B, Krupp R, Kittle G, Richards J, Brey J. ACL microtrauma: healing through nutrition, modified sports training, and increased recovery time. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:121. [PMID: 36515744 PMCID: PMC9751252 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sports injuries among youth and adolescent athletes are a growing concern, particularly at the knee. Based on our current understanding of microtrauma and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) healing characteristics, this clinical commentary describes a comprehensive plan to better manage ACL microtrauma and mitigate the likelihood of progression to a non-contact macrotraumatic ACL rupture. METHODS Medical literature related to non-contact ACL injuries among youth and adolescent athletes, collagen and ACL extracellular matrix metabolism, ACL microtrauma and sudden failure, and concerns related to current sports training were reviewed and synthesized into a comprehensive intervention plan. RESULTS With consideration for biopsychosocial model health factors, proper nutrition and modified sports training with increased recovery time, a comprehensive primary ACL injury prevention plan is described for the purpose of better managing ACL microtrauma, thereby reducing the incidence of non-contact macrotraumatic ACL rupture among youth and adolescent athletes. CONCLUSION Preventing non-contact ACL injuries may require greater consideration for reducing accumulated ACL microtrauma. Proper nutrition including glycine-rich collagen peptides, or gelatin-vitamin C supplementation in combination with healthy sleep, and adjusted sports training periodization with increased recovery time may improve ACL extracellular matrix collagen deposition homeostasis, decreasing sudden non-contact ACL rupture incidence likelihood in youth and adolescent athletes. Successful implementation will require compliance from athletes, parents, coaches, the sports medicine healthcare team, and event organizers. Studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of these concepts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nyland
- Norton Orthopedic Institute, 9880 Angies Way, Louisville, KY, 40241, USA.
- MSAT Program, Spalding University, 901 South Third St, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - B Pyle
- MSAT Program, Spalding University, 901 South Third St, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - R Krupp
- Norton Orthopedic Institute, 9880 Angies Way, Louisville, KY, 40241, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - G Kittle
- MSAT Program, Spalding University, 901 South Third St, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J Richards
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J Brey
- Norton Orthopedic Institute, 9880 Angies Way, Louisville, KY, 40241, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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