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Medoro A, Buonsenso A, Centorbi M, Calcagno G, Scapagnini G, Fiorilli G, Davinelli S. Omega-3 Index as a Sport Biomarker: Implications for Cardiovascular Health, Injury Prevention, and Athletic Performance. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:91. [PMID: 38804457 PMCID: PMC11197025 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cell membrane plays a crucial role in cell signaling and function. Physical activity can induce shifts in PUFA metabolism, potentially altering their membrane composition. Given the multifaceted regulatory and structural roles of PUFA, training-related fluctuations in PUFA concentrations may impact health and athletic performance in both elite and non-elite athletes, highlighting the critical role of these fatty acids' nutritional intake. The ω-3 index (O3I), a biomarker reflecting the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, is considered a marker of cardiovascular risk, gaining increasing interest in sports medicine. Dietary interventions aimed at maintaining an optimal O3I may offer several benefits for elite and non-elite athletes, including cardiovascular health performance optimization, recovery, and injury prevention. Here, we discuss emerging evidence on the application of O3I in sports and physical exercise, highlighting its promising role as a biomarker in a wide range of sports practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
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Kitamura M, Izawa KP, Nagasaki T, Yoshizawa T, Okamura S, Fujioka K, Yamaguchi W, Matsuda H. Effects of self-monitoring using an accelerometer on physical activity of older people with long-term care insurance in Japan: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Geriatr Med 2024; 15:371-380. [PMID: 38353911 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-024-00935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of a self-monitoring intervention to promote an increase in physical activity, as measured by step count, and reduce sedentary behavior in older people covered by the long-term care insurance system (LTCI) in Japan. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at a daycare center from October 2022 to January 2023. Fifty-two older adults with LTCI who were able to walk with or without aids were assigned to an intervention (n = 26) group and control (n = 26) group. During the 5-week follow-up period, the intervention group received education on physical activity and self-monitoring such as goal setting, self-management and feedback. The primary outcome was step count, and the secondary outcome was sedentary behavior. RESULTS Participants who completed the study to the end of the 5-week follow-up and drop-out participants for whom outcome data were available were included in the final analysis of 57 participants, n = 24 (79.8 ± 8.8 years, male 25.5%) in the intervention group and n = 23 (82.5 ± 8.5 years, male 39.1%) in the control group. Comparisons between the two groups at baseline showed no significant differences. In the results of a two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) including 2 (group: control, intervention) × 2 (term: baseline, 5-week follow-up) factors, an interaction was observed in the number of steps, sedentary behavior, and light physical activity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Self-monitoring of physical activity using an accelerometer may be effective in increasing the number of steps and light physical activity and in reducing sedentary behavior in older people with LTCI. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000052044, registered on 2023/08/29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kitamura
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, 2-1-12 Wajirooka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 811-0213, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
- Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro P Izawa
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
- Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, 2-1-12 Wajirooka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 811-0213, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshizawa
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, 2-1-12 Wajirooka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 811-0213, Japan
| | - Soichiro Okamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rifuru Yukuhashi Daycare Center, 379-1Takase, Yukuhashi, 824-0027, Japan
| | - Koji Fujioka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rifuru Yukuhashi Daycare Center, 379-1Takase, Yukuhashi, 824-0027, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamaguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rifuru Yukuhashi Daycare Center, 379-1Takase, Yukuhashi, 824-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsuda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Rifuru Yukuhashi Daycare Center, 379-1Takase, Yukuhashi, 824-0027, Japan
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Miyazaki T, Futohashi T, Baba H. Diet, Food Intake, and Exercise Mixed Interventions (DEMI) in the Enhancement of Wellbeing among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:32. [PMID: 38525749 PMCID: PMC10961817 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis discusses the available data on the efficacy of diet, food intake, and exercise mixed interventions (DEMI) for community-dwelling older adults in Japan and assesses the evidence level. We searched the literature regarding the research questions using electronic and hand-searching methods. To ensure the reliability and quality of the evidence, we used the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE system. All studies included DEMI; other interventions included group activities, health education, and community participation. All interventions were categorized into three classifications, namely "Diet and food intake", "Exercise", and "Other". Programs included lectures, practical exercises, group activities, consulting, and programs that could be implemented at home. By comparing groups and measuring outcomes at various time points, most studies reported positive results regarding the impact of the interventions. Specifically, usual gait speed, Food Frequency Questionnaire Score, and Diet Variety Score demonstrated significant improvement. Additionally, three studies demonstrated improvement in frailty. This review suggests that DEMI resulted in improvements in some outcome variables. However, the efficacy of all variables was not fully examined. The results of the meta-analysis revealed positive outcomes for some variables, although the evidence level for these outcomes was considered moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Miyazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata Ota-Ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan;
| | - Toshihiro Futohashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata Ota-Ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Baba
- Department of Rehabilitation, Heisei Yokohama Hospital, 550 Totsukamach Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama 244-0003, Japan;
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di Cagno A, Fiorilli G, Buonsenso A, Di Martino G, Centorbi M, Angiolillo A, Calcagno G, Komici K, Di Costanzo A. Long-Term Physical Activity Effectively Reduces the Consumption of Antihypertensive Drugs: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:285. [PMID: 37504541 PMCID: PMC10380464 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although physical activity (PA) has been shown to enhance hypertension control, the impact of exercise on the potential decrease of the use of antihypertensive medications remains inadequately researched. AIM The aim was to assess the impact of a two-year PA on the medication requirements of individuals with hypertension. METHODS A clinical trial was conducted, involving 130 participants with essential hypertension who took at least one antihypertensive medication. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group (CG n = 65) or an experimental group (EG n = 65) that underwent a 24-month supervised PA program based on a combination of aerobic and resistance training. The antihypertensive drug load for each participant was determined by adding the ratios of the prescribed daily dose (PDD) to the defined daily dose (DDD) for all antihypertensive medications taken by the participants. The outcome measures were evaluated at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS A total of 76 participants completed the 24-month assessment, and RM-ANOVA revealed a significantly lower antihypertensive drug load in the EG compared to the CG at 18 (p < 0.017) and 24 months (p < 0.003). CONCLUSION A long-term PA program can decrease the antihypertensive drug load in older adults with essential hypertension. The trend of improvement regarding the EG drug load intake and the trend of CG drug load increase, although not significant over time, results in a significant difference between the groups at 18 months and an even greater difference at 24 months. This trend certifies the protective value of PA against the aging process and its related health risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Cagno
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Buonsenso
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Centorbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (K.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.F.); (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Klara Komici
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (K.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Alfonso Di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (K.K.); (A.D.C.)
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Hernández-Beltrán V, Espada MC, Santos FJ, Ferreira CC, Gamonales JM. Documents Publication Evolution (1990-2022) Related to Physical Activity and Healthy Habits, a Bibliometric Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1669. [PMID: 37372787 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to provide an overview of the growing number of scientific literature publications related to Physical Activity and Healthy Habits. A bibliometric analysis between 1990 and 2022 in the Web of Science was carried out, following the bibliometric analysis law, using Microsoft Excel and VosViewer Software for analysis and data processing. A total of 276 documents (262 primary studies and 14 revisions) related to the topic under study were located. The results reveal an exponential growth of scientific production by 48% between 2006 and 2022. Public Environmental Occupational Health, Kaprio, J., and the USA were the knowledge field, author, and country most productive, respectively. A great thematic diversity was found related to the most used keywords by the authors, such as "physical activity", "health habits", "exercise", and "obesity". Thus, the research related to this theme is really in an exponential phase, with great interest in the importance of physical activity and healthy habits, implying practical decisions in policies to develop programs to promote physical activity and healthy habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hernández-Beltrán
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mário C Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, CIEF, CDP2T, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV-Leiria), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando J Santos
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, CIEF, CDP2T, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV-Leiria), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia C Ferreira
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, CIEF, CDP2T, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - José M Gamonales
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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Pigłowska M, Kostka T, Guligowska A. Do Determinants of Quality of Life Differ in Older People Living in the Community and Nursing Homes? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:916. [PMID: 36673674 PMCID: PMC9858919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine and compare the relationship between nutritional status, physical activity (PA) level, concomitant chronic diseases, and quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling (CD) older people and nursing home (NH) residents. Material and Methods: One hundred NH residents aged 60 years and above and one hundred sex- and age-matched CD older adults were examined. The QoL was examined with the EuroQol-5D questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA), anthropometric measures, and bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The 7-Day Recall Questionnaire and the Stanford Usual Activity Questionnaire were performed to evaluate the PA energy expenditure level (PA-EE) and the health-related behaviours (PA-HRB), respectively. Results: CD subjects presented a significantly higher self-assessment in the VAS scale in comparison with NH residents (CD: 65.3 ± 19.4 vs. NH 58.2 ± 21.4; p < 0.05), but there were no differences within the five dimensions of QoL. In NH patients, the VAS scale was not correlated with any of the variables evaluating the nutritional status and body composition, while in the CD group correlated positively with MNA (rS = 0.36; p < 0.001), % of FFM (rS = 0.22; p< 0.05), body density (rS = 0.22; p < 0.05) and negatively with % of FM (rS = −0.22; p < 0.05). In an institutional environment, only concomitant diseases (mainly urinary incontinence) were found as independent determinants for QoL. In the community, independent determinants of QoL besides concomitant diseases (mainly ischaemic heart disease) were nutritional status or PA-HRB. Conclusions: Determinants of QoL are different depending on the living environment the older adults. Proper nutritional status and beneficial PA behaviours, are crucial for higher QoL of CD elderly, while for NH residents, the main determinants of QoL are chronic conditions.
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