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Toapanta-Pinta P, Vasco-Morales S, Céspedes-Granda S, Sartorelli DS, Moisés ECD. Dietary Patterns and Factors Associated with Food Affinity in Pregnant Women from Quito, Ecuador. Nutrients 2024; 16:475. [PMID: 38398800 PMCID: PMC10892012 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition during pregnancy influences perinatal outcomes and predispositions to chronic diseases. A prospective cohort study was carried out with the objectives of describing the dietary patterns in the pregnant population in the city of Quito, Ecuador and analysing the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that influence the adherence to each dietary pattern. The body mass index was calculated for each patient, and the patients were classified according to the Atalah criteria. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was also applied. The dietary patterns were assessed using a dietary survey with a 24 h recall on two occasions. A total of 535 pregnant women were included. A positive association was found between the pattern "dairy, salads and sweet snacks/dressings" and foreign nationality (β = 0.82 (0.43;1.21)). The "refined carbohydrates" pattern was negatively associated with education equal to or less than 7 years and an income of up to one basic salary (β = -0.59 (-1.05; -0.14)). The "traditional Ecuadorian" pattern showed a positive association with being born in the coastal region of Ecuador (β = 0.62 (0.22; 1.01)). This study identified three dietary patterns in pregnant women and their possible associations with certain sociodemographic factors. More studies are needed to better understand these patterns as well as to analyse their nutritional and caloric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Toapanta-Pinta
- Obstetrics Career, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170403, Ecuador; (S.V.-M.); (S.C.-G.)
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Santiago Vasco-Morales
- Obstetrics Career, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170403, Ecuador; (S.V.-M.); (S.C.-G.)
- Neonatology Department, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Isidro Ayora, Quito 170136, Ecuador
| | - Sara Céspedes-Granda
- Obstetrics Career, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170403, Ecuador; (S.V.-M.); (S.C.-G.)
- Puengasí 2 Health Center, District 17D04 Puengasí in Itchimbia, Quito 170145, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Saes Sartorelli
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil;
| | - Elaine Christine Dantas Moisés
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
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Bianco R, Speciani MC, Parpinel M, Tesi M, Ferraroni M, Edefonti V. Are Major a Posteriori Dietary Patterns Reproducible in the Italian Population? A Systematic Review and Quantitative Assessment. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100165. [PMID: 38145798 PMCID: PMC10818059 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) naturally reflect actual dietary behavior in a population, their specificity limits generalizability. Among other issues, the absence of a standardized approach to analysis have further hindered discovery of genuinely reproducible DPs across studies from the same/similar populations. A systematic review on a posteriori DPs from principal component analysis or exploratory factor analysis (EFA) across study populations from Italy provides the basis to explore assessment and drivers of DP reproducibility in a case study of epidemiological interest. First to our knowledge, we carried out a qualitative (i.e., similarity plots built on text descriptions) and quantitative (i.e., congruence coefficients, CCs) assessment of DP reproducibility. The 52 selected articles were published in 2001-2022 and represented dietary habits in 1965-2022 from 70% of the Italian regions; children/adolescents, pregnancy/breastfeeding women, and elderly were considered in 15 articles. The included studies mainly derived EFA-based DPs on food groups from food frequency questionnaires and were of "good quality" according to standard scales. Based on text descriptions, the 186 identified DPs were collapsed into 113 (69 food-based and 44 nutrient-based) apparently different DPs (39.3% reduction), later summarized along with the 3 "Mixed-Salad/Vegetable-based Patterns," "Pasta-and-Meat-oriented/Starchy Patterns," and "Dairy Products" and "Sweets/Animal-based Patterns" groups, by matching similar food-based and nutrient-based groups of collapsed DPs. Based on CCs (215 CCs, 68 DPs, 18 articles using the same input lists), all pairs of DPs showing the same/similar names were at least "fairly similar" and ∼81% were "equivalent." The 30 "equivalent" DPs ended up into 6 genuinely different DPs (80% reduction) that targeted fruits and (raw) vegetables, pasta and meat combined, and cheese and deli meats. Such reduction reflects the same study design, list of input variables, and DP identification method followed across articles from the same groups. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022341037.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Bianco
- Department of Medicine (DMED), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michela C Speciani
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine (DMED), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Tesi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
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Drago G, Ruggieri S, Sprovieri M, Rizzo G, Colombo P, Giosuè C, Quinci E, Traina A, Gastaldelli A, Cibella F, Panunzi S. Exposure profiles in pregnant women from a birth cohort in a highly contaminated area of southern Italy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14815. [PMID: 37684286 PMCID: PMC10491776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protecting the health of pregnant women from environmental stressors is crucial for reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases. In industrially contaminated sites, this action is particularly challenging due to the heterogeneous pollutant mixtures in environmental matrices. The aim of this study was to evaluate distribution patterns of mercury, hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiphenyls in the serum of 161 pregnant women recruited in the framework of the Neonatal Environment and Health Outcomes (NEHO) cohort and living both inside and outside the National Priority Contaminated Site (NPCS) of Priolo. Food macro-categories were determined, and serum levels of contaminants were used to perform k-means cluster analysis and identify the role of food in pollutant transfer from the environment. Two groups of mothers with high and low measured pollutant levels were distinguished. Concentrations in mothers in the high-exposure cluster were at least twofold for all the evaluated pollutants (p < 0.0001) and included mothers living inside and outside NPCS, with a predominance of individuals from the NPCS (p = 0.045). Fish consumption was higher in the high-exposure cluster (p = 0.019). These findings suggest a link between contamination of environmental matrices such as sediment with maternal exposure, through the intake of local food. Such consideration appears poorly investigated in the context of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Drago
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Giulia Rizzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Giosuè
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Enza Quinci
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola, 91021, Trapani, Italy
| | - Anna Traina
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Panunzi
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science-BioMatLab, National Research Council of Italy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00168, Rome, Italy
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