1
|
Klag KA, Bell R, Jia X, Seguin A, Maschek JA, Bronner M, Cox JE, Round JL, Ward DM. Low-Iron Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Development Is Microbiota Dependent and Exacerbated by Loss of the Mitochondrial Iron Importer Mitoferrin2. Nutrients 2024; 16:1804. [PMID: 38931165 PMCID: PMC11206261 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the number one nutritional problem worldwide. Iron uptake is regulated at the intestine and is highly influenced by the gut microbiome. Blood from the intestines drains directly into the liver, informing iron status and gut microbiota status. Changes in either iron or the microbiome are tightly correlated with the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the development of MASLD that connect altered iron metabolism and gut microbiota, we compared specific pathogen free (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice, fed a normal or low-iron diet. SPF mice on a low-iron diet showed reduced serum triglycerides and MASLD. In contrast, GF low-iron diet-fed mice showed increased serum triglycerides and did not develop hepatic steatosis. SPF mice showed significant changes in liver lipid metabolism and increased insulin resistance that was dependent upon the presence of the gut microbiota. We report that total body loss of mitochondrial iron importer Mitoferrin2 (Mfrn2-/-) exacerbated the development of MASLD on a low-iron diet with significant lipid metabolism alterations. Our study demonstrates a clear contribution of the gut microbiome, dietary iron, and Mfrn2 in the development of MASLD and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A. Klag
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Rickesha Bell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Xuan Jia
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Alexandra Seguin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - J. Alan Maschek
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Mary Bronner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James E. Cox
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - June L. Round
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Diane M. Ward
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faradina A, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Chang JS. Micronutrient (iron, selenium, vitamin D) supplementation and the gut microbiome. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024:00075197-990000000-00156. [PMID: 38836886 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Deficiencies in micronutrients persist as widespread global challenges, where supplementation remains a crucial therapeutic approach. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationships between micronutrient supplementation - specifically iron, selenium (Se), and vitamin D (Vit D) - and gut microbiota composition, investigating their collective impact on host health and disease susceptibility. RECENT FINDINGS Maintaining balanced iron levels is essential for gut microbiota equilibrium and host health, as both iron deficiency and excess disrupt gut bacterial balance, affecting colon health. Se supplementation can restore and improve the gut microbial balance, influencing health outcomes not only in the gut but also in areas such as neuroprotection in the brain, testicular health, and metabolic syndrome. Clinical and experimental models demonstrate that Vit D modulates the gut microbiome, enhancing anti-inflammatory effects, supporting metabolic health, and potentially reducing the risk of gut-related behavioral changes and diseases. SUMMARY Findings of this review emphasize that balanced iron levels are essential for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota composition and underscore the beneficial effects of Se and Vit D in modulating the gut microbiome. The interactions between micronutrients and the gut microbiome are complex but may have a broad spectrum of health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Faradina
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital
- Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, CTSSO
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mousavian AH, Zare Garizi F, Ghoreshi B, Ketabi S, Eslami S, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M. The association of infant and mother gut microbiomes with development of allergic diseases in children: a systematic review. J Asthma 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38506489 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2332921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is believed that gut microbiota alteration leads to both intestinal and non-intestinal diseases in children. Since infants inherit maternal microbiota during pregnancy and lactation, recent studies suggest that changes in maternal microbiota can cause immune disorders as well. This systematic review was designed to assess the association between the child and mother's gut microbiome and allergy development in childhood. DATA SOURCES In this systematic review, international databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI/WOS were searched until January 2023 to identify relevant studies. STUDY SELECTIONS Observational studies that analyzed infant or maternal stool microbiome and their association with allergy development in children were included in this study. Data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies were independently conducted by two researchers. RESULTS Of the 1694 papers evaluated, 21 studies examined neonate gut microbiome by analyzing stool samples and six studies examined maternal gut microbiota. A total of 5319 participants were included in this study. Asthma followed by eczema and dermatitis were the most common allergy disorders among children. Urbanization caused a lack of diversity in the bacterial microbiota as well as lower levels of Bifidobacterium and Lachnospira associated with a higher risk of allergy. In contrast, higher levels of Roseburia and Flavonifractor were associated with lower allergy risk. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review shows that gut microbiota may be associated with allergy development. Further studies are required to provide a definitive answer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir-Hossein Mousavian
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Zare Garizi
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ghoreshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Ketabi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roth-Walter F, Berni Canani R, O'Mahony L, Peroni D, Sokolowska M, Vassilopoulou E, Venter C. Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients. Allergy 2024; 79:353-383. [PMID: 38084827 DOI: 10.1111/all.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soriano-Lerma A, García-Burgos M, Barton W, M Alférez MJ, Crespo-Pérez JV, Soriano M, López-Aliaga I, Cotter PD, García-Salcedo JA. Comprehensive insight into the alterations in the gut microbiome and the intestinal barrier as a consequence of iron deficiency anaemia. Biomed J 2024:100701. [PMID: 38281699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is the top leading cause of anaemia, whose treatment has been shown to deteriorate gut health. However, a comprehensive analysis of the intestinal barrier and the gut microbiome during IDA have not been performed to date. This study aims to delve further into the analysis of these two aspects, which will mean a step forward minimising the negative impact of iron supplements on intestinal health. METHODS IDA was experimentally induced in an animal model. Shotgun sequencing was used to analyse the gut microbiome in the colonic region, while the intestinal barrier was studied through histological analyses, mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), qPCR and immunofluorescence. Determinations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacteria-specific immunoglobulins were performed to assess microbial translocation. RESULTS Microbial metabolism in the colon shifted towards an increased production of certain amino acids, short chain fatty acids and nucleotides, with Clostridium species being enriched during IDA. Structural alterations of the colonic epithelium were shown by histological analysis. RNA-Seq revealed a downregulation of extracellular matrix-associated genes and proteins and an overall underdeveloped epithelium. Increased levels of serum LPS and an increased immune response against dysbiotic bacteria support an impairment in the integrity of the gut barrier during IDA. CONCLUSIONS IDA negatively impacts the gut microbiome and the intestinal barrier, triggering an increased microbial translocation. This study emphasizes the deterioration of gut health during IDA and the fact that it should be addressed when treating the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Soriano-Lerma
- Department of Physiology (Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain; GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E-18012, Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Burgos
- Department of Physiology (Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain; GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Wiley Barton
- VistaMilk, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, P61 C996, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - María José M Alférez
- Department of Physiology (Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Valentín Crespo-Pérez
- Service of Anatomical pathology, Intercenter Regional Unit Granada, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, E-18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Soriano
- Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04001, Almería, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada López-Aliaga
- Department of Physiology (Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Paul D Cotter
- VistaMilk, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, P61 C996, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - José A García-Salcedo
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E-18012, Granada, Spain; Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, E-18014, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh DP, Gopinath P. Tragacanth gum-based nano-nutraceuticals synthesis by encapsulation of beetroot juice and Ocimum basilicum leaves for micronutrient deficient population. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127502. [PMID: 37863139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies, such as iron, folic acid, and vitamins C and D, are currently prevalent due to inadequate consumption of natural food sources, namely raw vegetables and fruits. This deficiency is compounded by the growing reliance on synthetic nutraceuticals and processed food, which exhibit poor absorbency within the gastrointestinal tract. Scientific studies consistently indicate that naturally prepared whole foods are superior in terms of nutrient absorption compared to processed and synthetic supplements. To address this issue, we utilized FDA-approved tragacanth gum (TG) in the synthesis of nano-nutraceuticals by encapsulating beetroot juice and ball-milled sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). TG, in its micro or macro form, possesses the remarkable ability to form hydrogels capable of absorbing water up to 50 times its weight. However, the hydrogel-forming property diminishes when TG is reduced to the nanoscale. We effectively exploited these properties to facilitate the synthesis of nano-nutraceuticals. The procedure involved encapsulating beetroot juice and sweet basil nanopowder using TG hydrogel, followed by freeze-drying. Subsequently, the freeze-dried encapsulated TG composite was subjected to ball-milling to achieve the desired nano-nutraceuticals. These nano-nutraceuticals naturally contain essential nutrients such as iron, folic acid, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, niacin, and sugars, without the need for chemical processing or preservatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dravin Pratap Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - P Gopinath
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soriano-Lerma A, García-Burgos M, Alférez MJ, Crespo-Pérez JV, Pérez-Carrasco V, Ortiz-Gonzalez M, Linde-Rodriguez Á, Sanchez-Martin V, Soriano M, Garcia-Salcedo JA, López-Aliaga I. Fermented Goat's Milk Contributes to the Recovery of Iron Deficiency Anemia via Modulation of the Gut Microbiome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15668-15679. [PMID: 37830350 PMCID: PMC11006235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global public health concern affecting 1.6 billion people worldwide. The administration of iron supplements during the treatment of IDA adversely affects the intestinal barrier function and the composition and functionality of the intestinal microbiome, both of which are already altered during IDA. For this reason, it is of great interest to develop nutritional strategies aimed at alleviating these gut alterations associated with IDA and its treatment. In this sense, fermented goat's milk (FGM) was studied due to its nutritional quality. Our findings showed that in anemic animals the consumption of a FGM-based diet, compared to a standard diet, had positive modulatory effects on the intestinal microbiome. FGM-based diet restored intestinal dysbiosis, the intestinal barrier functionality, and bacterial translocation, contributing to a more efficient recovery of IDA. Therefore, FGM is a useful nutritional tool to ease intestinal alterations occurring during IDA and during its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Soriano-Lerma
- Department
of Physiology (Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja),
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix
Verdú”, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- GENYO,
Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of
Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Burgos
- Department
of Physiology (Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja),
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix
Verdú”, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- GENYO,
Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of
Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María José
M. Alférez
- Department
of Physiology (Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja),
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix
Verdú”, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Valentín Crespo-Pérez
- Service
of Anatomical Pathology, Intercenter Regional Unit Granada, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, E-18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Carrasco
- GENYO,
Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of
Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E-18012 Granada, Spain
- Microbiology
Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las
Nieves, E-18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Matilde Ortiz-Gonzalez
- GENYO,
Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of
Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Center for
Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ángel Linde-Rodriguez
- GENYO,
Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of
Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E-18012 Granada, Spain
- Microbiology
Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las
Nieves, E-18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Victoria Sanchez-Martin
- GENYO,
Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of
Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E-18012 Granada, Spain
- Microbiology
Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las
Nieves, E-18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Soriano
- Center for
Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Salcedo
- GENYO,
Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of
Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E-18012 Granada, Spain
- Microbiology
Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las
Nieves, E-18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Aliaga
- Department
of Physiology (Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja),
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix
Verdú”, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shah SA, Soomro U, Ali O, Tariq Y, Waleed MS, Guntipalli P, Younus N. The Prevalence of Anemia in Working Women. Cureus 2023; 15:e44104. [PMID: 37750111 PMCID: PMC10518160 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia can be defined as a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells (RBCs). It is becoming a growing socioeconomic issue. It is important to identify the causes of anemia and educate people about its symptoms. This can aid in the early identification and diagnosis of anemia, thereby preventing the disease's complications. The complications of anemia include the risk of low birth weight, prematurity, prenatal and neonatal mortality, and maternal mortality. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to investigate the factors contributing to anemia among working-class women employed in government or private sectors located in Karachi, Pakistan. By identifying the causes and risk factors of anemia, participants can be counseled to adopt a healthier lifestyle, a well-balanced diet, and activities that may eliminate the causes of anemia, further preventing the incidence of anemia. The objectives of the study are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART). The study was conducted from November 2019 to August 2021 despite facing COVID-19-related restrictions. The sample size fit the inclusion criteria, and the objectives were accomplished successfully with adequate resources. METHODOLOGY The cross-sectional study was conducted after receiving clearance from institutions and consent from participants. A total of 180 participants provided consent after receiving a thorough explanation of the study, and they had the right to refuse to participate. In respect of confidentiality, the participants were not required to provide their names, as they were not included in our data analysis. The inclusion criteria included women of the working class, aged 18-45 years, working a minimum of four to five hours per week, and employed in government or private sectors located in Karachi, Pakistan. The exclusion criteria included women with bleeding or hematological disorders, a history of surgery in the last 12 months, pregnancy, or systemic disease. Data collection was divided into two sections: section one (questionnaire) and section two (investigations). The questionnaire was given to each participant via Google Forms and was filled out before section two of data collection, which included blood tests via a finger prick to measure hemoglobin with a Veri-Q Multi Meter hemoglobin monitoring system (manufactured by Q-line BIOTECH, New Delhi, India). RESULTS The mean Hb was 11.15 ± 1.29 mg/dl (n = 180). The study revealed that 58.3% of the participants had a normal hemoglobin concentration according to the WHO anemia classification, while 41.7% were anemic. Overall, the prevalence of anemia was 41.7%, and the majority (56%) of the participants had mild anemia. CONCLUSION The majority of the participants had mild anemia. Education on anemia and its symptoms, eating habits, occupational status, and stress-related factors can affect the hemoglobin concentration in RBCs. A diet low in meat, leafy vegetables, and fruit leads to anemia. Despite knowledge of anemia and its symptoms, non-medical professionals, especially young adults, had a higher prevalence of anemia than medical professionals, although the difference was minor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahtaj A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Umar Soomro
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ovais Ali
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Yumna Tariq
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | | - Nadia Younus
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|