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Przewłócka K, Korewo-Labelle D, Berezka P, Karnia MJ, Kaczor JJ. Current Aspects of Selected Factors to Modulate Brain Health and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1842. [PMID: 38931198 PMCID: PMC11206260 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of current aspects related to nutritional strategies, brain modulation, and muscle recovery, focusing on their applications and the underlying mechanisms of physiological adaptation for promoting a healthy brain, not only in athletes but also for recreationally active and inactive individuals. We propose that applying the rule, among others, of good sleep, regular exercise, and a properly balanced diet, defined as "SPARKS", will have a beneficial effect on the function and regeneration processes of the gut-brain-muscle axis. However, adopting the formula, among others, of poor sleep, stress, overtraining, and dysbiosis, defined as "SMOULDER", will have a detrimental impact on the function of this axis and consequently on human health as well as on athletes. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing brain health and cognitive function. This review highlights the significance of these factors for overall well-being, suggesting that adopting the "SPARKS" approach may benefit not only athletes but also older adults and individuals with health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Przewłócka
- Division of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Daria Korewo-Labelle
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Berezka
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
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Qiu J, Choi CY, Man GCW, He X, Yu M, Cao M, Wang Q, Ng JP, Yung PSH, Ong MTY. Serum vitamin D insufficiency is correlated with quadriceps neuromuscular functions in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury: A preliminary study. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2024; 35:76-80. [PMID: 38292822 PMCID: PMC10827444 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the correlations of serum vitamin D insufficiency with quadriceps neuromuscular function in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Eighteen patients with a primary, unilateral ACL injury who had insufficient serum vitamin D concentrations (<30 ng/ml) were recruited for the study. Bilateral quadriceps neuromuscular function, including maximal strength, the speed of rapid contraction, and inhibition, were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer with the hip and the knee joint flexion at 90° and 45°, respectively. Quadriceps strength was measured by maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC); the speed of rapid contraction was quantified by the rate of torque development (RTD), which was divided into the early (RTD0-50) and the late phase (RTD100-200); quadriceps inhibition was quantified by the central activation ratio (CAR). Serum vitamin D concentration was quantitatively determined by serum 25(OH)D concentration measured by the 25(OH)D ELISA kit. The Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between the vitamin D concentration and bilateral quadriceps MVIC, RTD0-50, RTD100-200, and CAR, respectively. Results The results of Spearman rank correlation analyses showed that the serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly correlated with bilateral quadriceps MVIC (injured: r = 0.574, p = 0.013; uninjured: r = 0.650, p = 0.003) and RTD0-50 (r = 0.651, p = 0.003), and CAR (r = 0.662, p = 0.003) on the uninjured limb. However, no significant correlations were found between the serum 25(OH)D concentration and the other outcomes. Conclusions The serum vitamin D concentration correlates with quadriceps neuromuscular function in patients with ACL injury who had vitamin D insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Qiu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi-Yin Choi
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Gene Chi-Wai Man
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Mingqian Yu
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Mingde Cao
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jonathan Patrick Ng
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Michael Tim-Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedices and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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Wen Y, Latham CM, Moore AN, Thomas NT, Lancaster BD, Reeves KA, Keeble AR, Fry CS, Johnson DL, Thompson KL, Noehren B, Fry JL. Vitamin D status associates with skeletal muscle loss after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170518. [PMID: 37856482 PMCID: PMC10795826 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDAlthough 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations of 30 ng/mL or higher are known to reduce injury risk and boost strength, the influence on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) outcomes remains unexamined. This study aimed to define the vitamin D signaling response to ACLR, assess the relationship between vitamin D status and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and bone density outcomes, and discover vitamin D receptor (VDR) targets after ACLR.METHODSTwenty-one young, healthy, physically active participants with recent ACL tears were enrolled (17.8 ± 3.2 years, BMI 26.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2). Data were collected through blood samples, vastus lateralis biopsies, dual energy x-ray bone density measurements, and isokinetic dynamometer measures at baseline, 1 week, 4 months, and 6 months after ACLR. The biopsies facilitated CSA, Western blotting, RNA-seq, and VDR ChIP-seq analyses.RESULTSACLR surgery led to decreased circulating bioactive vitamin D and increased VDR and activating enzyme expression in skeletal muscle 1 week after ACLR. Participants with less than 30 ng/mL 25(OH)D levels (n = 13) displayed more significant quadriceps fiber CSA loss 1 week and 4 months after ACLR than those with 30 ng/mL or higher (n = 8; P < 0.01 for post hoc comparisons; P = 0.041 for time × vitamin D status interaction). RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data integration revealed genes associated with energy metabolism and skeletal muscle recovery, potentially mediating the impact of vitamin D status on ACLR recovery. No difference in bone mineral density losses between groups was observed.CONCLUSIONCorrecting vitamin D status prior to ACLR may aid in preserving skeletal muscle during recovery.FUNDINGNIH grants R01AR072061, R01AR071398-04S1, and K99AR081367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wen
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander R. Keeble
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Katherine L. Thompson
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brian Noehren
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine, and
| | - Jean L. Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
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Zink TM, Kent SE, Choudhary AN, Kavolus JJ. Nutrition in Surgery: An Orthopaedic Perspective. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:1897-1906. [PMID: 37856576 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
➤ Malnutrition is common among subsets of patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.➤ Serum proteins, in particular, albumin, may be used in the evaluation of nutritional status.➤ Anthropometric measurements and surveys also play a role in the evaluation of nutritional status.➤ Increased energy and nutrient requirements due to surgical procedures necessitate increased caloric and protein intake in the perioperative period, which may be achieved through diet or supplementation.➤ Evidence supports the use of protein-calorie, amino acid, and immunonutrition supplements. Vitamin D supplementation is an area of further consideration.➤ Diet restriction, activity alterations, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery are all safe, effective approaches to weight loss, although the optimal timing and magnitude of preoperative weight loss require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Zink
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne E Kent
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Joseph J Kavolus
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Newton-Wellesley Orthopedic Associates, Newton, Massachusetts
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Albright JA, Chang K, Byrne RA, Quinn MS, Meghani O, Daniels AH, Owens BD. A Diagnosis of Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Increased Rates of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears and Reconstruction Failure. Arthroscopy 2023; 39:2477-2486. [PMID: 37127241 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the association between a diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D and primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and revision ACLR in different sex and age cohorts. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study of the PearlDiver claims database, records were queried between January 1, 2011, and October 31, 2018 for all patients aged 10 to 59 years who received a diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D. Rates of primary ACL tears, primary reconstruction, and revision reconstruction were calculated for sex- and age-specific cohorts and compared with a control of patients without a diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D. Incidence rates for primary ACL injuries were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was used to compare rates of ACL injury, primary reconstruction, and revision reconstruction while controlling for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and several other comorbidities. RESULTS Among the 328,011 patients (mean age 41.9 ± 12.6 years, 65.8% female) included in both the hypovitaminosis D and control cohorts, the incidence of ACL tears was 115.2 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 107.2-123.7) compared with 61.0 (95% CI 55.2-67.2) in the demographic- and comorbidity-matched control cohort. The study cohort was significantly more likely to suffer an ACL tear over a 1- (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.41-1.99, P < .001) and 2-year (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.59-2.06, P < .001) period. This trend remained for both male patients at the 1- (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.29-2.14, P < .001) and 2-year (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.37-2.06, P < .001) mark and female patients at the 1- (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.33-2.14, P < .001) and 2-year (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.51-2.14, P < .001) mark. Finally, patients with vitamin D deficiency had a significantly increased likelihood of undergoing a revision ACLR within 2 years of a primary reconstruction (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.55, P = .012). CONCLUSIONS This study reports an association between patients previously diagnosed with hypovitaminosis D and significantly increased rates of both index ACL tears (81% increase within 2 years of diagnosis) and revision ACLR (28% within 2 years). These results identify a population with increased odds of injury and provide valuable knowledge as we expand our understanding of the relationship between vitamin D and musculoskeletal health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective database study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Albright
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
| | - Kenny Chang
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Rory A Byrne
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Matthew S Quinn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Ozair Meghani
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Alan H Daniels
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Brett D Owens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
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Agoncillo M, Yu J, Gunton JE. The Role of Vitamin D in Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4377. [PMID: 37892452 PMCID: PMC10609905 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle tissue maintenance and repair after injury. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for studies published prior to May 2023. We assessed eligible studies that discussed the relationship between vitamin D, muscle regeneration in this review. Overall, the literature reports strong associations between vitamin D and skeletal myocyte size, and muscle regeneration. In vitro studies in skeletal muscle cells derived from mice and humans showed vitamin D played a role in regulating myoblast growth, size, and gene expression. Animal studies, primarily in mice, demonstrate vitamin D's positive effects on skeletal muscle function, such as improved grip strength and endurance. These studies encompass vitamin D diet research, genetically modified models, and disease-related mouse models. Relatively few studies looked at muscle function after injury, but these also support a role for vitamin D in muscle recovery. The human studies have also reported that vitamin D deficiency decreases muscle grip strength and gait speed, especially in the elderly population. Finally, human studies reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation and achieving optimal serum vitamin D levels in muscle recovery after eccentric exercise and surgery. However, there were no benefits in rotator cuff injury studies, suggesting that repair mechanisms for muscle/ligament tears may be less reliant on vitamin D. In summary, vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle function, structural integrity, and regeneration, potentially offering therapeutic benefits to patients with musculoskeletal diseases and in post-operative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Agoncillo
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Josephine Yu
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Jenny E. Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia
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Darvishi A, Shafiee G, Balajam NZ, Hemami MR, Ostovar N, Heshmat R. Cost-effectiveness analysis of sarcopenia management interventions in Iran. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:819. [PMID: 37143011 PMCID: PMC10157910 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identification the optimal management intervention of sarcopenia is a concern of health systems. We aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of sarcopenia management strategies in Iran. METHODS We constructed a lifetime Markov model based on natural history. The strategies comparedincluded exercise training, nutritional supplements, whole body vibration (WBV), and various exercise interventions and nutritional supplement combinations. A total of 7 strategies was evaluated in addition to the non-intervention strategy. Parameter values were extracted from primary data and the literature, and the costs and Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated for each strategy. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, including the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), was also performed to determine the robustness of the model. Analyses were performed using the 2020 version of TreeAge Pro software. RESULTS All seven strategies increased lifetime effectiveness (QALYs). The protein and Vitamin D3 (P + D) strategy had the highest effectiveness values among all strategies. After removing the dominated strategies, the estimated ICER for the P + D compared to Vitamin D3 alone (D) strategy was calculated as $131,229. Considering the cost-effectiveness threshold ($25,249), base-case results indicated that the D strategy was the most cost-effective strategy in this evaluation. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters also demonstrated the robustness of results. Also, EVPI was estimated at $273. CONCLUSIONS Study results, as the first economic evaluation of sarcopenia management interventions, showed that despite the higher effectiveness of D + P, the D strategy was the most cost-effective. Completing clinical evidence of various intervention options can lead to more accurate results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Darvishi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, NO 10, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, NO 10, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
| | - Narges Zargar Balajam
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Navid Ostovar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, NO 10, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, NO 10, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nutritional Strategies in the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Integrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040819. [PMID: 36839176 PMCID: PMC9965375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that three to five million sports injuries occur worldwide each year. The highest incidence is reported during competition periods with mainly affectation of the musculoskeletal tissue. For appropriate nutritional management and correct use of nutritional supplements, it is important to individualize based on clinical effects and know the adaptive response during the rehabilitation phase after a sports injury in athletes. Therefore, the aim of this PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science PERSiST-based systematic integrative review was to perform an update on nutritional strategies during the rehabilitation phase of musculoskeletal injuries in elite athletes. After searching the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, PEDro, and Google Scholar, a total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (Price Index: 66.6%). The risk of bias assessment for randomized controlled trials was performed using the RoB 2.0 tool while review articles were evaluated using the AMSTAR 2.0 items. Based on the main findings of the selected studies, nutritional strategies that benefit the rehabilitation process in injured athletes include balanced energy intake, and a high-protein and carbohydrate-rich diet. Supportive supervision should be provided to avoid low energy availability. The potential of supplementation with collagen, creatine monohydrate, omega-3 (fish oils), and vitamin D requires further research although the effects are quite promising. It is worth noting the lack of clinical research in injured athletes and the higher number of reviews in the last 10 years. After analyzing the current quantitative and non-quantitative evidence, we encourage researchers to conduct further clinical research studies evaluating doses of the discussed nutrients during the rehabilitation process to confirm findings, but also follow international guidelines at the time to review scientific literature.
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Płomiński J, Grzybowski R, Fiedorowicz E, Sienkiewicz-Szłapka E, Rozmus D, Król-Grzymała A, Jarmołowska B, Kordulewska N, Cieślińska A. Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway Components in Orthopedic Patientes-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415556. [PMID: 36555202 PMCID: PMC9779124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D takes part in the functioning of many processes that ensure the homeostasis of the body. In orthopedics, it is indicated as an inseparable element ensuring proper bone growth and functioning, and its deficiencies are indicated in various diseases, mainly in the proper structure and function of the skeleton. In this review, we focus on the most important components of the vitamin D metabolic pathway, in correlation with selected orthopedic conditions. Records were obtained from the PubMed database in a timeline of 2010-2022. The keywords were as follows: vitamin D/cholesterol/vitamin D binding protein/ VDBP/Cytochrome/CYP24A1/CYP 27B1/Vitamin D receptor/VDR/ + diseases (ACL reconstruction, rotator cuff, arthroplasty knee/hip/shoulder). The recent original studies were analyzed, discussed, and the most important data were shown. The vast majority of articles concern the metabolite of vitamin D (25(OH)D), which is measured as a standard in diagnostic laboratories. Even though there is a lot of valuable information in the literature, we believe that the other elements of the vitamin D pathway also deserve attention and suggest their research in correlation with orthopedic disorders to supplement the missing knowledge on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Płomiński
- Clinical Department of Trauma—Orthopedic Surgery and Spine Surgery of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department and Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roman Grzybowski
- Department and Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Dominika Rozmus
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Angelika Król-Grzymała
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Beata Jarmołowska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Kordulewska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Crescioli C. Vitamin D, exercise, and immune health in athletes: A narrative review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954994. [PMID: 36211340 PMCID: PMC9539769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D exerts important extra-skeletal effects, exhibiting an exquisite immune regulatory ability, affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses through the modulation of immunocyte function and signaling. Remarkably, the immune function of working skeletal muscle, which is fully recognized to behave as a secretory organ with immune capacity, is under the tight control of vitamin D as well. Vitamin D status, meaning hormone sufficiency or insufficiency, can push toward strengthening/stabilization or decline of immune surveillance, with important consequences for health. This aspect is particularly relevant when considering the athletic population: while exercising is, nowadays, the recommended approach to maintain health and counteract inflammatory processes, “too much” exercise, often experienced by athletes, can increase inflammation, decrease immune surveillance, and expose them to a higher risk of diseases. When overexercise intersects with hypovitaminosis D, the overall effects on the immune system might converge into immune depression and higher vulnerability to diseases. This paper aims to provide an overview of how vitamin D shapes human immune responses, acting on the immune system and skeletal muscle cells; some aspects of exercise-related immune modifications are addressed, focusing on athletes. The crossroad where vitamin D and exercise meet can profile whole-body immune response and health.
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Exercise: A Possibly Effective Way to Improve Vitamin D Nutritional Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132652. [PMID: 35807833 PMCID: PMC9268447 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has become a widespread public health problem owing to its potential adverse health effects. Generally, the nutritional status of vitamin D depends on sunlight exposure and dietary or supplementary intake. However, recent studies have found that exercise can influence circulating 25(OH)D levels; although, the results have been inconclusive. In this review, we focused on the effect of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolites and their possible mechanisms. We found that endurance exercise can significantly increase serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D-deficient people but has no significant effect on vitamin D-sufficient people. This benefit has not been observed with resistance training. Only chronic endurance exercise training can significantly increase serum 1,25(OH)2D, and the effect may be sex-dependent. Exercise may influence 25(OH)D levels in the circulation by regulating either the vitamin D metabolites stored in tissues or the utilization by target tissues. The effects of exercise on 25(OH)D levels in the circulation may be dependent on many factors, such as the vitamin D nutritional status, exercise type and intensity, and sex. Therefore, further research on the effects and mechanisms of exercise on vitamin D metabolites is required.
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Brzeziański M, Migdalska-Sęk M, Czechowska A, Radzimiński Ł, Jastrzębski Z, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Sewerynek E. Correlation between the Positive Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation and Physical Performance in Young Male Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5138. [PMID: 35564532 PMCID: PMC9101676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementation with vitamin D during eight weeks of high-intensity training influences muscle power and aerobic performance in young soccer players. A total of 25 athletes were divided into two groups: the supplemented group (GS; n = 12; vitamin D 20,000 IU, twice a week) and the non-supplemented group (GN; n = 13). A set of measurements, including sprint tests, explosive power test, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and serum 25(OH)D concentration, were obtained before (T1) and after (T2) the intervention. A significant group x time interaction was found in the 25(OH)D serum levels (p = 0.002; ES = 0.36, large). A significant improvement in VO2max was found in the TG (p = 0.0004) and the GS (p = 0.031). Moreover, a positive correlation between 25(OH)D and VO2max (R = 0.4192, p = 0.0024) was calculated. The explosive power tests revealed insignificant time interactions in the average 10-jump height and average 10-jump power (p = 0.07, ES = 0.13; p = 0.10, ES = 0.11, respectively). A statistically insignificant trend was observed only in the group-by-time interaction for the sprint of 10 m (p = 0.05; ES = 0.15, large). The present study provides evidence that vitamin D supplementation has a positive but trivial impact on the explosive power and locomotor skills of young soccer players, but could significantly affect their aerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Brzeziański
- Department of Endocrine Disorders and Bone Metabolism, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (E.S.)
- Academic Laboratory of Three-Dimensional Anthropometry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Czechowska
- Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Radzimiński
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.R.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zbigniew Jastrzębski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.R.); (Z.J.)
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Sewerynek
- Department of Endocrine Disorders and Bone Metabolism, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (E.S.)
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Russo C, Valle MS, Casabona A, Spicuzza L, Sambataro G, Malaguarnera L. Vitamin D Impacts on Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Patients with COPD Promoting Mitochondrial Health. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040898. [PMID: 35453648 PMCID: PMC9026965 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is frequently associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by a permanent airflow limitation, with a worsening respiratory disorder during disease evolution. In COPD, the pathophysiological changes related to the chronic inflammatory state affect oxidant–antioxidant balance, which is one of the main mechanisms accompanying extra-pulmonary comorbidity such as muscle wasting. Muscle impairment is characterized by alterations on muscle fiber architecture, contractile protein integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present in COPD pathology. One of the endogenous sources of ROS is represented by mitochondria. Evidence demonstrated that vitamin D plays a crucial role for the maintenance of skeletal muscle health. Vitamin D deficiency affects oxidative stress and mitochondrial function influencing disease course through an effect on muscle function in COPD patients. This review will focus on vitamin-D-linked mechanisms that could modulate and ameliorate the damage response to free radicals in muscle fibers, evaluating vitamin D supplementation with enough potent effect to contrast mitochondrial impairment, but which avoids potential severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Section of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonino Casabona
- Section of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sambataro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Jeon YD, Cho SD, Youm YS, Song JY, Lee KJ, Park KB. The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:53. [PMID: 35320426 PMCID: PMC8942953 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated and compared the serum 25-OH vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) between patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and healthy participants through a matched analysis. METHODS The unmatched case group consisted of 824 patients who underwent TKA and the unmatched control group 2,794 healthy participants examined at our institution. The control group was matched on the various characteristics-sex, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood chemistry, and season of sampling-through propensity score matching (PSM). After PSM, 501 and 721 patients were matched in the case and control group, respectively. Levels of blood chemistry including 25(OH)D were examined and VDD was defined as < 20 ng/mL. RESULTS The average serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the OA group (15.3 ng/mL) than that in the control group (19.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001). When categorized using a 20 ng/mL cutoff, the VDD prevalence was 75.0% in the OA group and 59.4% in the control group. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 18.4% in the OA group and 24.5% in the control group. The prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency was 6.8% in the OA group and 15.9% in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The patients who underwent TKA had lower serum 25(OH)D level and higher VDD prevalence compared to the healthy participants who matched using PSM. There were no differences in VDD rates by sex or obesity and the VDD prevalence was more than 70% during all season. Therefore, in patients undergoing TKA, general attention to VDD is required regardless of sex, obesity, and season. Serum 25-OH vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) prevalence were compared between patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and healthy individuals. The differences in serum 25(OH)D level and VDD prevalence were significant between the two groups after propensity score matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dae Jeon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Do Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dongcheondongkang Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Youm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yeon Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Joo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
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Dai M, Yue J, Zhang J, Wang H, Wu C. Functional dentition is a modifier of the association between vitamin D and the frailty index among Chinese older adults: a population-based longitudinal study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:159. [PMID: 35220949 PMCID: PMC8883641 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Backgrounds
Although vitamin D and dentition status are each associated with frailty, their combined effects on frailty have not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of vitamin D and dentition status on frailty in old Chinese adults.
Methods
Baseline data were obtained from the 2011–2012 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A total of 1074 participants ≥65 years who were non-frail or prefrail at baseline were included; follow-up was conducted in the 2014 wave. Frailty was assessed by a 40-item frailty index (FI) and classified into frail (FI > 0.21), prefrail (FI: 0.1–0.21), and non-frail (FI ≤0.1). Vitamin D was assessed by 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and categorized into quartiles and dichotomies (normal: ≥50 nmol/L vs. low: < 50 nmol/L). The presence of ≥20 natural teeth was defined as functional dentition, otherwise as non-functional dentition. We used bivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines to examine the association between vitamin D, dentition status, and frailty. We created a multiplicative interaction between vitamin D and dentition status to test for their combined effect.
Results
A total of 205 (19.1%) incident frailty were identified during the 3-year follow-up. Participants with the lowest quartile of plasma 25(OH) D were more likely to be frail (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38 to 4.35) than those in the highest quartile. Older adults with the lowest quartile of 25(OH) D and non-functional dentition had the highest odds of frailty (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.02 to 13.12). We also observed that a lower vitamin D level was associated with an increased risk of frailty with a threshold of 40.37 nmol/L using restricted cubic spline models. However, vitamin D levels were not significantly associated with frailty among participants with functional dentition.
Conclusions
Low vitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk of frailty in older adults. Functional dentition modified the association of vitamin D with frailty.
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16
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Girgis CM, Brennan-Speranza TC. Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Current Concepts From Preclinical Studies. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10575. [PMID: 34950830 PMCID: PMC8674777 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle weakness has been recognized as a hallmark feature of vitamin D deficiency for many years. Until recently, the direct biomolecular effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle have been unclear. Although in the past, some reservations have been raised regarding the expression of the vitamin D receptor in muscle tissue, this special issue review article outlines the clear evidence from preclinical studies for not only the expression of the receptor in muscle but also the roles of vitamin D activity in muscle development, mass, and strength. Additionally, muscle may also serve as a dynamic storage site for vitamin D, and play a central role in the maintenance of circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels during periods of low sun exposure. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital Sydney NSW Australia.,Department of Endocrinology Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Medical Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Public Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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17
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Allam HH, Shafie A, Gharib AF, El Askary A, Almehmadi M, Alsayad T, Alziyadi AM, Elsayyad LK. Effect of Application of Different Exercise Intensities on Vitamin D and Parathormone in Children with Down's Syndrome. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:7424857. [PMID: 34917171 PMCID: PMC8670939 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7424857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Down's syndrome are more liable to vitamin D deficiency. Treating this deficiency with supplements is associated with the risk of intoxication. AIM The study is aimed at comparing the effect of two exercise intensities on the modulation of vitamin D and parathormone levels in children with DS. METHODS Forty-four DS male children aged from 8 to 12 years participated in the study. They were assigned randomly into two equal groups. Group I received high-intensity treadmill aerobic exercises, and group II received moderate-intensity T-AE, three times per week for three months. The blood samples were collected from both groups before the intervention, after one month of intervention, then after three months of intervention to assess serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels. RESULTS Repeated measure MANOVA revealed that the high-intensity T-AE induced a significant increase in 25(OH)D after one month and after three months while it significantly decreased PTH only after three months. Moderate-intensity T-AE had a nonsignificant effect on both hormones. CONCLUSION The current study concluded that the high-intensity T-AE improved both vitamin D and parathormone serum levels after three months of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem H. Allam
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F. Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Alsayad
- Lecturer of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Alziyadi
- Academic Affairs Director, Prince Sultan Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamiaa K. Elsayyad
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
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Molinari C, Ruga S, Farghali M, Galla R, Bassiouny A, Uberti F. Preventing c2c12 muscular cells damage combining magnesium and potassium with vitamin D3 and curcumin. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:532-544. [PMID: 34765517 PMCID: PMC8572722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles which causes energy consumption; moderate and constant physical activity is known to be beneficial and to slow the muscle loss process associated with aging. The aim of the present study was to test, in an in vitro exercise model, the biological effects of a new formulation composed of magnesium and potassium combined with vitamin D and curcumin created to support muscle activity and to prevent hypercontraction damage. Experimental procedure C2C12 cells were treated with vitamin D, buffered magnesium bisglycinate, curcumin, and potassium citrate. Cell viability, morpho-functional changes, calcium and magnesium movements, and the main kinases involved in glucose uptake were analyzed. The glycogen level and lactate were also evaluated. Results and conclusion Important results about a positive effect on mitochondrial activity, ATP production, oxygen consumption and in the physiological differentiation of C2C12 cells were obtained. Further experiments were performed under conditions that mimic the biological aspects of strenuous exercise. The combination of magnesium, vitamin D3, curcumin, and potassium citrate revealed beneficial effects on skeletal muscle cells under physiological conditions as well as while mimicking intense activity. In particular, in an in vitro model, they were able to control the hypercontraction, restoring ion fluxes, reducing inflammation signaling and supporting the main mechanism involved on aerobic activity. Our results have indicated for the first time that this new combination could be considered as a new nutraceutical formulation to improve physical performance and muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Ruga
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Mahitab Farghali
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Rebecca Galla
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Ahmad Bassiouny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
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Effects of Vitamin D in Post-Exercise Muscle Recovery. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114013. [PMID: 34836268 PMCID: PMC8619231 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a key micronutrient modulating function and health in skeletal muscle. Therefore, we sought to systematically review the role of vitamin D in muscle recovery. A search in different databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, WOS, Google Scholar, and Scopus) was carried out following PRISMA® and PICOS. The search period was from inception to April 2020. Changes in post-exercise muscle damage were quantified comparing experimental group vs. placebo in each study by using number of participants, standardized mean difference (SMD), and standard error of the SMD. Hedges’s g was used to calculate the SMDs for each study group and biased by the inverse of variance that allows calculating an overall effect and the 95% confidence interval (CI). The net vitamin D supplementation effect was calculated by subtracting the placebo SMD from SMD of the experimental group. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used as a random effect model, taking into account that the effect of vitamin D on muscular damage may vary according to the dose administered and additional moderators. Six studies were selected. In conclusion, regarding circulating levels of muscle biomarkers and additional limitations of the studies, it cannot be concluded that vitamin D supplementation exerts an effect in post-exercise muscle recovery. Likely, the anti-inflammatory action of vitamin D is quicker than the recovery of tissue structure and function. This aspect is pending verification in future research.
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Cheng SH, Chen KH, Chen C, Chu WC, Kang YN. The Optimal Strategy of Vitamin D for Sarcopenia: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103589. [PMID: 34684590 PMCID: PMC8541573 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease of gradual loss of muscle mass in elderly people, and the most common treatment options include nutritional supplementation and exercise. Vitamin D has potential beneficial effects for skeletal muscle tissue and has often been included in nutritional therapy formulations. However, the therapeutic effect of vitamin D for the treatment of sarcopenia has not yet been determine and there is a lack of high-quality supporting evidence. We searched three databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic. Changes in hand grip strength, gait speed, chair-stand test, fat mass, relative skeletal muscle index, and muscle mass were assessed for analysis. Network meta-analysis was further employed, based on the frequentist approach. Outcomes were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 9 RCTs (n = 1420) met our eligibility criteria, which treated patients with vitamin D (D), protein (P, n = 165), exercise (E, n = 124), iso-caloric product (I, n = 226), usual care without nutritional supplement (n = 65), P + D (n = 467), D + E (n = 72), P + E (n = 69), D + E + I (n = 73), and P + D + E (n = 159). The pooled estimate showed that the P + D + E intervention induced a greater improvement in hand grip strength than iso-caloric product intervention (WMD = 3.86; 95%CI, 0.52–7.21). Vitamin D intervention could lead to shorter chair-stand time (WMD = −1.32; 95%CI, −1.98 to −0.65), but no significant findings could be found for gait speed and muscle mass outcomes. Our synthesis found that combining vitamin D supplementation with protein supplementation and exercise can significantly increase grip strength and also showed a trend toward increasing muscle mass. This result implies that adding vitamin D to a standard treatment protocol for sarcopenia may be helpful for regaining function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Hsin Chen
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Evidence-Based Knowledge Translation Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chiehfeng Chen
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Chyn Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (Y.-N.K.)
| | - Yi-No Kang
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy & Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (Y.-N.K.)
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Iolascon G, Moretti A, Paoletta M, Liguori S, Di Munno O. Muscle Regeneration and Function in Sports: A Focus on Vitamin D. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57101015. [PMID: 34684052 PMCID: PMC8537590 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Muscle is one of the main targets for the biological effects of vitamin D. This hormone modulates several functions of skeletal muscles, from development to tissue repair after injury, through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation seem to significantly affect muscle strength in different populations, including athletes, although optimal serum 25(OH)D3 level for sport performance has not been defined so far. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency results in myopathy characterized by fast-twitch fiber atrophy, fatty infiltration, and fibrosis. However, less is known about regenerative effects of vitamin D supplementation after sport-related muscle injuries. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is particularly expressed in the embryonic mesoderm during intrauterine life and in satellite cells at all stages of life for recovery of the skeletal muscle after injury. Vitamin D supplementation enhances muscle differentiation, growth, and regeneration by increasing the expression of myogenic factors in satellite cells. The objective of this narrative review is to describe the role of vitamin D in sport-related muscle injury and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.I.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.I.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815665537
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.I.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.I.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Ombretta Di Munno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
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Caballero-García A, Córdova-Martínez A, Vicente-Salar N, Roche E, Pérez-Valdecantos D. Vitamin D, Its Role in Recovery after Muscular Damage Following Exercise. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072336. [PMID: 34371846 PMCID: PMC8308579 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from its role in bone metabolism, vitamin D is a key immunomodulatory micronutrient. The active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)D) seems to modulate the innate immune system through different mechanisms. The vitamin is involved in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, increasing the phagocytic and chemotactic functions of these cells. At the same time, vitamin D enables efferocytosis and prevents immunopathology. In addition, vitamin D is involved in other processes related to immune function, such as inflammation. Regarding muscle tissue, vitamin D plays an active role in muscle inflammatory response, protein synthesis, and regulation of skeletal muscle function. Two mechanisms have been proposed: A direct role of 1,25(OH)D binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in muscle cells and the modulation of calcium transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This second mechanism needs additional investigation. In conclusion, vitamin D seems to be effective in cases of deficiency and/or if there is a great muscular commitment, such as in high intensity exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-649-827-663
| | - Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (D.P.-V.)
| | - Néstor Vicente-Salar
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.V.-S.); (E.R.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.V.-S.); (E.R.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Valdecantos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (D.P.-V.)
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23
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Maier GS, Weissenberger M, Rudert M, Roth KE, Horas K. The role of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency in orthopaedics and traumatology-a narrative overview of the literature. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:942. [PMID: 34350257 PMCID: PMC8263860 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is considered to play an important role in musculoskeletal health. It’s classical function is the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, thus ensuring a balanced bone metabolism that is characterised by an equal amount of bone resorption and bone formation. In the past decades, a plethora of pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting on potential health-beneficial properties of vitamin D have emerged. Moreover, there is an abundance of reports highlighting vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in patients with almost innumerable diseases. Further, it is estimated that more than one billion people globally are affected by insufficient vitamin D levels. As such, research on vitamin D has been particularly popular over the past years. In orthopaedics and traumatology, most studies describe favourable effects of vitamin D in general. However, the relative importance of vitamin D is oftentimes debated. In this narrative review of the literature, we consider first, the properties of vitamin D and how vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) impact on musculoskeletal health. Secondly, we provide an overview of studies reporting the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in traumatology and diverse orthopaedic diseases including bone oncology. Lastly, we emphasise recent findings and touch on future perspectives in vitamin D research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit S Maier
- Rehazentrum am Meer, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Weissenberger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus E Roth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Academy, Gelenkzentrum Rhein-Main, Hochheim, Germany
| | - Konstantin Horas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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24
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Dominguez LJ, Farruggia M, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Vitamin D Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency: Available Compounds and Guidelines for Its Treatment. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040255. [PMID: 33924215 PMCID: PMC8074587 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on vitamin/hormone D deficiency have received a vast amount of attention in recent years, particularly concerning recommendations, guidelines, and treatments. Moreover, vitamin D’s role as a hormone has been confirmed in various enzymatic, metabolic, physiological, and pathophysiological processes related to many organs and systems in the human body. This growing interest is mostly due to the evidence that modest-to-severe vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent around the world. There is broad agreement that optimal vitamin D status is necessary for bones, muscles, and one’s general health, as well as for the efficacy of antiresorptive and anabolic bone-forming treatments. Food supplementation with vitamin D, or the use of vitamin D supplements, are current strategies to improve vitamin D levels and treat deficiency. This article reviews consolidated and emerging concepts about vitamin D/hormone D metabolism, food sources, deficiency, as well as the different vitamin D supplements available, and current recommendations on the proper use of these compounds.
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25
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Latham CM, Brightwell CR, Keeble AR, Munson BD, Thomas NT, Zagzoog AM, Fry CS, Fry JL. Vitamin D Promotes Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Mitochondrial Health. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660498. [PMID: 33935807 PMCID: PMC8079814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for the maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone health. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in muscle, as is CYP27B1, the enzyme that hydroxylates 25(OH)D to its active form, 1,25(OH)D. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that vitamin D may play an important role during muscle damage and regeneration. Muscle damage is characterized by compromised muscle fiber architecture, disruption of contractile protein integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Muscle regeneration is a complex process that involves restoration of mitochondrial function and activation of satellite cells (SC), the resident skeletal muscle stem cells. VDR expression is strongly upregulated following injury, particularly in central nuclei and SCs in animal models of muscle injury. Mechanistic studies provide some insight into the possible role of vitamin D activity in injured muscle. In vitro and in vivo rodent studies show that vitamin D mitigates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, augments antioxidant capacity, and prevents oxidative stress, a common antagonist in muscle damage. Additionally, VDR knockdown results in decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and ATP production, suggesting that vitamin D is crucial for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity; an important driver of muscle regeneration. Vitamin D regulation of mitochondrial health may also have implications for SC activity and self-renewal capacity, which could further affect muscle regeneration. However, the optimal timing, form and dose of vitamin D, as well as the mechanism by which vitamin D contributes to maintenance and restoration of muscle strength following injury, have not been determined. More research is needed to determine mechanistic action of 1,25(OH)D on mitochondria and SCs, as well as how this action manifests following muscle injury in vivo. Moreover, standardization in vitamin D sufficiency cut-points, time-course study of the efficacy of vitamin D administration, and comparison of multiple analogs of vitamin D are necessary to elucidate the potential of vitamin D as a significant contributor to muscle regeneration following injury. Here we will review the contribution of vitamin D to skeletal muscle regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Latham
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Camille R Brightwell
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brooke D Munson
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Alyaa M Zagzoog
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jean L Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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26
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Seasonal Changes in 25(OH)D Concentration in Young Soccer Players-Implication for Bone Resorption Markers and Physical Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062932. [PMID: 33809324 PMCID: PMC8000093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Searching for potential relations between changes in 25(OH)D concentration and in physical fitness is an interesting scientific topic. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D in young football players in conjunction with indicators determining bone resorption and physical fitness. A total of 35 young soccer players were tested during the autumn competition period. Biochemical analysis of blood, aerobic capacity, running speed and power tests (Wingate test, squat jump, counter movement jump) were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the competition period. Significant decrements in concentration of 25(OH)D from 33.9 ± 5.87 to 23.7 ± 5.58 ng/mL were noted after the analyzed competition period. There were no significant changes in aerobic capacity along the competition period. Significant improvements were observed in 10 m sprint, 30 m sprint (p < 0.001), maximal power (p = 0.011) and total work capacity (p = 0.024). We found that the effect of changes in the players' physical fitness does not occur in relation to 25 OH(D) concentration but occurs when these changes are analyzed as a function of the duration of the observation period. Changes in physical fitness of soccer players are determined by other factors then 25(OH)D concentration.
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27
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Gupta R, Singhal A, Kapoor A, Bohat V, Masih GD, Mehta R. Vitamin D deficiency in athletes and its impact on outcome of Anterior Cruciate Ligament surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 31:1193-1197. [PMID: 33417046 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide pandemic problem. With vitamin D having some role in exercise-induced inflammation, skeletal muscle mass and endurance, we studied its effect on functional outcome of athletes' post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS A total of 153 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were enrolled in the study. All patients were screened for vitamin D levels preoperatively. Patients were divided into 3 groups on basis of vitamin D levels; Group 1 patients had < 20 ng/ml, group 2 patients 20-30 ng/ml and group 3 > 30 ng/ml. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS A total of 153 patients were enrolled in study. The average age of the patients was 24.12 ± 2.12 years in group 1, 25.24 ± 3.20 years in group 2 and 24.74 ± 2.86 in group 3. The mean follow-up of patients was 2.8 ± 1.2 years. At 2 years, the mean Lysholm score was 96.12, 96.49 and 97.0, respectively (p = 0.75); mean WOMAC score was 3.33, 3.38 and 3.20, respectively (p = 0.91); mean difference between the pre-injury and post-surgery Tegner level of sports activity at 2 years follow-up was 0.78, 0.78 and 0.85, respectively (P = 0.51) and graft failure rate was 5.88%, 1.96% and 1.96%, respectively (p = 0.43). CONCLUSION Vitamin D has no effect on functional outcome and graft rupture rates in patients' post-primary ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prospective Cohort Study (Level III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- Sports Injury Center, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akash Singhal
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vaibhav Bohat
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gladson David Masih
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohil Mehta
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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28
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Skrobot W, Perzanowska E, Krasowska K, Flis DJ, Dzik KP, Kloc W, Kaczor JJ, Antosiewicz J. Vitamin D Supplementation Improves the Effects of the Rehabilitation Program on Balance and Pressure Distribution in Patients after Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion-Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123874. [PMID: 33352920 PMCID: PMC7766157 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. BACKGROUND Surgery is effective in reducing pain intensity in patients with cervical disc disease. However, functional measurements demonstrated that the results have been not satisfactory enough. Thus, rehabilitation programs combined with the supplementation of vitamin D could play an essential role. METHODS The study recruited 30 patients, aged 20 to 70 years, selected for anterior cervical interbody fusion (ACIF). The patients were randomly divided into the placebo (Pl) and vitamin D (3200 IU D3/day) supplemented groups. The functional tests limits of stability (LOS), risk of falls (RFT), postural stability (PST), Romberg test, and foot pressure distribution were performed before supplementation (BS-week 0), five weeks after supplementation (AS-week 5), four weeks after surgery (BSVR-week 9), and 10 weeks after supervising rehabilitation (ASVR-week 19). RESULTS The concentration of 25(OH)D3 in the serum, after five weeks of supplementation, was significantly increased, while the Pl group maintained the same. The RFT was significantly reduced after five weeks of vitamin D supplementation. Moreover, a further significant decrease was observed following rehabilitation. In the Pl group, no changes in the RFT were observed. The overall postural stability index (OSI), LOS, and the outcomes of the Romberg test significantly improved in both groups; however, the effects on the OSI were more pronounced in the D3 group at the end of the rehabilitation program. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that vitamin D supplementation positively affected the rehabilitation program in patients implemented four weeks after ACIF by reducing the risk of falls and improving postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Skrobot
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (E.P.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (J.A.)
| | - Ewelina Perzanowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (E.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Krasowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (E.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Damian J. Flis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (D.J.F.); (K.P.D.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Katarzyna P. Dzik
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (D.J.F.); (K.P.D.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Wojciech Kloc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copernicus Hospital, 80-803 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (D.J.F.); (K.P.D.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (J.A.)
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Ammerman BM, Ling D, Callahan LR, Hannafin JA, Goolsby MA. Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency in Young, Female Patients With Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Complaints. Sports Health 2020; 13:173-180. [PMID: 33301353 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120953414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of vitamin D have well-known impacts on bone health, but vitamin D also has a more global role throughout many tissues, including skeletal muscle. The high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the vast physiological features of vitamin D have led researchers to examine the influence of vitamin D on physical performance and injury. Because of the critical role of vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health and function, a high rate of hypovitaminosis D among female patients with a variety of musculoskeletal issues could be of high clinical relevance. HYPOTHESIS There is a high prevalence of low vitamin D in female patients with both acute and overuse sports-related issues of both soft tissue and bone. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Female patients, aged 16 to 40 years, presenting with lower extremity injury diagnosed within the past 4 weeks, no use of multivitamin or vitamin D supplement, and no history of malabsorption syndrome met the inclusion criteria. Vitamin D levels were assessed and categorized as normal (≥32 ng/mL) and low, which includes insufficient (20.01-31.9 ng/mL) and deficient (≤20 ng/mL). RESULTS Of the 105 patients enrolled, 65.7% had low vitamin D. Within the low vitamin D cohort, 40.6% were deficient and 59.4% were insufficient. Injuries were grouped into overuse or acute with 74 overuse injuries and 31 acute injuries, exhibiting low vitamin D prevalence of 60.8% and 77.4%, respectively. Patients with ligamentous/cartilaginous injuries exhibited the highest percentage of low vitamin D (76.5%), followed by those with patellofemoral-related complaints (71.0%), muscle/tendon injuries (54.6%), and bone stress injuries (45.5%). In univariable analysis, older age, non-White race, less physical activity, less high-intensity interval training days, less endurance training days, and more rest days showed an association with low vitamin D, but none showed an independent association in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of low vitamin D in female patients with various musculoskeletal complaints was high. Clinicians should evaluate for low vitamin D in both acute and overuse injuries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In addition to screening, this study suggests that clinicians should evaluate for low vitamin D levels beyond bone stress injuries in the setting of acute and overuse injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne Ling
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Lisa R Callahan
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Women's Sports Medicine Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Jo A Hannafin
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Women's Sports Medicine Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Marci A Goolsby
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Women's Sports Medicine Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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30
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The Benefits of Vitamin D Supplementation for Athletes: Better Performance and Reduced Risk of COVID-19. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123741. [PMID: 33291720 PMCID: PMC7761895 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is having major economic and personal consequences for collegiate and professional sports. Sporting events have been canceled or postponed, and even when baseball and basketball seasons resumed in the United States recently, no fans were in attendance. As play resumed, several players developed COVID-19, disrupting some of the schedules. A hypothesis now under scientific consideration is that taking vitamin supplements to raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations could quickly reduce the risk and/or severity of COVID-19. Several mechanisms have been identified through which vitamin D could reduce the risks of infection and severity, death, and long-haul effects of COVID-19: (1) inducing production of cathelicidin and defensins to reduce the survival and replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (2) reducing inflammation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and risk of the “cytokine storm” that damages the epithelial layer of the lungs, heart, vascular system, and other organs; and (3) increasing production of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, thus limiting the amount of angiotensin II available to the virus to cause damage. Clinical trials have confirmed that vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of acute respiratory tract infections, and approximately 30 observational studies have shown that incidence, severity, and death from COVID-19 are inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation is already familiar to many athletes and sports teams because it improves athletic performance and increases playing longevity. Thus, athletes should consider vitamin D supplementation to serve as an additional means by which to reduce risk of COVID-19 and its consequences.
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Association of Vitamin D Status with Lower Limb Muscle Strength in Professional Basketball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092715. [PMID: 32899479 PMCID: PMC7551193 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency in athletes may play a role in influencing fracture risk and athletic performance. This study aimed to examine the vitamin D status of basketball players and determine its correlation with muscle strength. We included 36 male professional basketball players (mean age, 22.6 ± 3.2 years) categorized by vitamin D status. We examined the muscle strength of knee extension/flexion and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion using an isokinetic dynamometer. Eleven (30.5%), fifteen (41.7%), and ten (27.8%) players had deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20–32 ng/mL), and sufficient vitamin D levels (>32 ng/mL), respectively. In the dominant side, there were no significant correlations of vitamin D level with knee extension/flexion strength (r = 0.134, p = 0.436; r = −0.017, p = 0.922, respectively), or with plantarflexion/dorsiflexion ankle strength (r = −0.143, p = 0.404; r = 1.109, p = 0.527, respectively). Moreover, the isokinetic lower limb strengths were not significantly different between the three groups in all settings (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, professional basketball players had a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Though it may not be associated with muscle strength, maintaining adequate vitamin D levels by micronutrients monitoring, regular dietician consultation, and supplementation is still a critically considerable strategy to enhance young athletes’ health.
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Bongiovanni T, Genovesi F, Nemmer M, Carling C, Alberti G, Howatson G. Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1965-1996. [PMID: 32661771 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the nutritional strategies to treat the signs and symptoms related to EIMD. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based upon the quality and quantity of the scientific support available: (1) interventions with a good level of evidence; (2) interventions with some evidence and require more research; and (3) potential nutritional interventions with little to-no-evidence to support efficacy. METHOD Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were used. The search terms 'EIMD' and 'exercise-induced muscle damage' were individually concatenated with 'supplementation', 'athletes', 'recovery', 'adaptation', 'nutritional strategies', hormesis'. RESULT Supplementation with tart cherries, beetroot, pomegranate, creatine monohydrate and vitamin D appear to provide a prophylactic effect in reducing EIMD. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, and the ingestion of protein, BCAA and milk could represent promising strategies to manage EIMD. Other nutritional interventions were identified but offered limited effect in the treatment of EIMD; however, inconsistencies in the dose and frequency of interventions might account for the lack of consensus regarding their efficacy. CONCLUSION There are clearly varying levels of evidence and practitioners should be mindful to refer to this evidence-base when prescribing to clients and athletes. One concern is the potential for these interventions to interfere with the exercise-recovery-adaptation continuum. Whilst there is no evidence that these interventions will blunt adaptation, it seems pragmatic to use a periodised approach to administering these strategies until data are in place to provide and evidence base on any interference effect on adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Health, Performance and Recovery, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Monika Nemmer
- Nutrition Department Liverpool Football Club, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Carling
- Centre for Elite Performance, French Football Federation, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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33
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Choi JT, Yoshida B, Jalali O, Hatch GF. Malnutrition in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Review of the Current Literature. Sports Health 2020; 13:65-70. [PMID: 32639180 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120926168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Malnutrition is well-studied in various aspects of the orthopaedic literature, most commonly in relation to arthroplasty, spine surgery, and trauma. However, the management of nutritional deficiencies is commonly overlooked among orthopaedic sports medicine providers. The purpose of this article is to analyze the available sports medicine literature to review the associations between malnutrition and the management of orthopaedic sports medicine patients from a treatment and performance standpoint. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed was searched for relevant articles published from 1979 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. RESULTS Few studies exist on the implications of macronutrient deficiencies specific to orthopaedic sports medicine procedures. Interestingly, micronutrient disorders-namely, hypovitaminosis D and iron deficiency-have been well studied and may lead to worse postoperative outcomes, injury rates, and athletic performance. Nutritional supplementation to correct such deficiencies has been shown to mitigate these effects, though further study is required. CONCLUSION Nutritional deficiencies are highly prevalent in orthopaedic sports medicine patients, and practitioners should be aware of their potential effects on treatment and performance outcomes. Management of such deficiencies and their effect on surgical patients remain an area of potential future research. Future studies are warranted in order to explore the potential therapeutic role of nutritional supplementation to prevent complications after common orthopaedic sports medicine procedures, improve athletic performance, and reduce injury rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon T Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brandon Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Omid Jalali
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - George F Hatch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Debruin DA, Timpani CA, Lalunio H, Rybalka E, Goodman CA, Hayes A. Exercise May Ameliorate the Detrimental Side Effects of High Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Function in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1092-1106. [PMID: 32078180 PMCID: PMC9327727 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is commonly prescribed to normalize deficiencies and to treat osteoporosis. However, the effect vitamin D supplements have on skeletal muscle health is equivocal. Although vitamin D is known to play a role in the various processes that maintain muscle integrity and function, recent studies utilizing high bolus dose vitamin D supplementation has demonstrated an increased risk of falls. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high vitamin D supplementation on skeletal muscle function with and without exercise enrichment. Four-week old C57BL/10 mice (n = 48) were separated into either normal vitamin D (1500 IU/kg diet; unsupplemented) or high vitamin D (20,000 IU/kg diet; supplemented) treatment groups. Each dietary group was further separated into interventional subgroups where mice either remained sedentary or received exercise-enrichment for 8 weeks in the form of voluntary running. Following the intervention period, whole body in vivo and ex vivo contractile analysis were performed. High vitamin D supplementation decreased force production in the slow-twitch soleus muscles of sedentary mice (p < .01); however, exercise normalized this effect. Eight weeks of exercise did not improve fatigue resistance of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) or soleus muscles in unsupplemented mice, likely due to low levels of activation in these muscles. In contrast, fatigability was improved in the EDL (p < .01) and even more so in the soleus (p < .001) in the supplemented exercise-enriched group. Our data highlights that increasing vitamin D levels above normal reduces postural muscle force as seen in the soleus. Thus, unnecessary vitamin D supplementation may contribute to the increased risk of falls observed in some studies. Interestingly, when vitamin D supplementation was combined with exercise, force production was effectively restored, and fatigue resistance improved, even in muscles lowly activated. Regular exercise may modulate the effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle, and be recommended for individuals receiving vitamin D supplements. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Debruin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hannah Lalunio
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Żebrowska A, Sadowska-Krępa E, Stanula A, Waśkiewicz Z, Łakomy O, Bezuglov E, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum total 25(OH) levels and biochemical markers of skeletal muscles in runners. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:18. [PMID: 32272973 PMCID: PMC7144051 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial adaptation of skeletal muscle function to strenuous exercise is partially attributable to the improvement of vitamin D status. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week vitamin D supplementation on serum 25(OH)D levels and skeletal muscle biomarkers (i.e. troponin, myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase) of endurance runners. Methods A double-blind placebo-controlled study design was used and vitamin D supplementation was compared to a non-treatment control group. Twenty-four runners, competitors of the ultra-marathons held during the National Running Championships, were randomly assigned into two groups supplemented with the dose of 2000 IU vitamin D or placebo for three weeks. All subjects participated in three exercise protocols: (a) incremental exercise test (to determine the maximum oxygen uptake and the intensity of eccentric exercise), (b) eccentric exercise before and (c) after two dietary protocols. Venous blood samples were drawn at rest, immediately after the exercise and after 1 h and 24 h of recovery in order to estimate serum 25(OH)D levels, skeletal muscle biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. A two-way ANOVA was used to test main effects and their interactions and Pearson correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the effects of inter-variable relationships. Results Significant differences between pre- and post-intervention in baseline 25(OH)D levels were observed (34.9 ± 4.7 versus 40.3 ± 4.9 ng/ml, p = 0.02) in supplemented group. A higher post intervention 25(OH)D level was observed after vitamin D diet compared to placebo (40.3 ± 4.9 versus 31.8 ± 4.2 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.05). The vitamin D supplementation decreased post-exercise (TN max) and 1 h post-exercise troponin (p = 0.004, p = 0.03, respectively), 1 h post-exercise myoglobin concentration (p = 0.01) and TNF-α levels(p < 0.03). 24 h post exercise creatine kinase activity was significantly lower in supplemented group compared to placebo (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between post exercise 25(OH)D levels and myoglobin levels (r = − 0.57; p = 0.05), and 25(OH)D levels and TNFα (r = − 0.58; p = 0.05) in vitamin D supplemented group. Conclusions Three weeks of vitamin D supplementation had a positive effect on serum 25(OH)D levels in endurance trained runners and it caused a marked decrease in post-exercise biomarkers levels. We concluded that vitamin D supplementation might play an important role in prevention of skeletal muscle injuries following exercise with eccentric muscle contraction in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żebrowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Waśkiewicz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Łakomy
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eduard Bezuglov
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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de la Puente Yagüe M, Collado Yurrita L, Ciudad Cabañas MJ, Cuadrado Cenzual MA. Role of Vitamin D in Athletes and Their Performance: Current Concepts and New Trends. Nutrients 2020; 12:E579. [PMID: 32102188 PMCID: PMC7071499 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently experiencing a vitamin D (VITD) deficiency pandemic across the world. Athletes have the same predisposition to low levels of vitamin D, the majority of its concentrations being below 20 ng/mL in a wide range of sports, especially in the winter months. Vitamin D is important in bone health, but recent research also points out its essential role in extraskeletal functions, including skeletal muscle growth, immune and cardiopulmonary functions and inflammatory modulation, which influence athletic performance. Vitamin D can also interact with extraskeletal tissues to modulate injury recovery and also influence the risk of infection. The data presented in this paper has triggered investigations in relation to the importance of maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D and to the possible positive influence supplementation has on immune and musculoskeletal functions in athletes, benefiting their performance and preventing future injuries. The objective of this review is to describe the latest research conducted on the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency and its effects on sports performance and musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian de la Puente Yagüe
- Department of Public and Maternal Child Health University, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Collado Yurrita
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.C.C.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Maria J. Ciudad Cabañas
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.C.C.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Marioa A. Cuadrado Cenzual
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.C.C.); (M.A.C.C.)
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Girgis CM. Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Emerging Roles in Development, Anabolism and Repair. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:47-57. [PMID: 31312865 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This special issue article will focus on morphologic and functional roles of vitamin D in muscle, from strength to contraction to development and ageing and will characterise the controversy of VDR's expression in skeletal muscle, central to our understanding of vitamin D's effects on this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Rockwell M, Hulver M, Eugene E. Vitamin D Practice Patterns in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Athletics Programs. J Athl Train 2019; 55:65-70. [PMID: 31729892 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-21-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D status has been associated with performance, health, and well-being in athletic populations. The measurement of vitamin D status via 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] testing has increased in the general population, as has vitamin D supplement use. It is unclear if similar patterns exist in collegiate athletics programs. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical care related to the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency used by sports medicine providers with National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I programs. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Population-based online survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS All NCAA Division I head athletic trainers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Information related to 25(OH)D testing, vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D-related protocols and procedures, and characteristics of athletic programs and participants. RESULTS We received 249 responses (72% response rate). Use of 25(OH)D testing was described by 68% of participants, with the most common indicators being health status/history (78%) and injury status/history (74%). One-fifth of participants stated that vitamin D testing was conducted as screening (without a specific cause or indication). Target blood vitamin D concentrations were highly variable. A range of 8 to 1660 annual vitamin D blood tests was reported at a cost of <$50 (8%), $51 to $100 (51%), $101 to $150 (20%), and >$150 (10%). Forty-two percent of programs covered the cost of vitamin D supplements. More than half of the participants indicated that vitamin D blood testing and supplements were not a good use of program funds. In comparison with Football Championship Subdivision programs, Football Bowl Subdivision programs were more likely to conduct vitamin D testing and pay for vitamin D supplements, and their providers were more likely to believe that testing and supplements were a good use of program funds. CONCLUSIONS A great deal of variability was present in vitamin D-related clinical practices among NCAA Division I athletics programs, which reflects existing contradictions and uncertainty in research, recommendations, and guidelines. Knowledge of current practice patterns is important in evaluating and establishing best practices, policies, and procedures for sports medicine and sports nutrition professionals in the collegiate setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rockwell
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Virginia Tech Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke
| | - Matthew Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Virginia Tech Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke
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The Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Professional Volleyball Athletes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112768. [PMID: 31739527 PMCID: PMC6893407 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the vitamin D status of professional volleyball athletes and to determine its correlation with shoulder muscle strength. We included 52 healthy male professional volleyball players (23.2 ± 4.5 years), who were categorized by vitamin D status (<20 ng/mL: deficiency, 20–30 ng/mL: insufficiency, and >30 ng/mL: sufficiency). We examined the strength of the internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles of the shoulder by using an isokinetic dynamometer. Fourteen players (26.9%) had vitamin D deficiency, 24 players (46.2%) were vitamin D-insufficient, and 14 players (26.9%) were vitamin D-sufficient. There was no significant correlation between vitamin D level and shoulder muscle strength at 60°/s (IR, r = 0.159, p = 0.26; ER, r = 0.245, p = 0.08) and at 180°/s (IR, r = −0.093, p = 0.51; ER, r = −0.037, p = 0.79). Moreover, the isokinetic shoulder strengths were not significantly different across the three groups in all settings. In conclusion, vitamin D insufficiency was common in elite volleyball players. Though not being associated with isokinetic muscle weakness, vitamin D levels should be regularly monitored, and vitamin D should be supplied to young elite athletes, considering its importance for musculoskeletal health.
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Guareschi ZM, Ceglarek VM, Rodrigues PF, Huning LP, Festinalli C, Amorim JPDA, Grassiolli S. Exercise and Vitamin D Supplementation Modify Spleen Morphology in Lean, but not, in Monosodium-Glutamate-Obese Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2578-2371.jslr-19-2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of exercise and vitamin D supplementation on histological aspects of the spleens of lean and obese rats. Male Wistar rats received neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4g/Kg), while Control (CON) rats received an equimolar solution. At 30 days of age, CON and MSG rats were subdivided into Exercised (E) or Sedentary (S) groups and Vitamin D (VD; 12µg/Kg) supplemented or non-supplemented (NS) groups. At the 86th day of life, rats were euthanized, and their body weights and adiposity were evaluated. Spleens were submitted to histomorphometric analysis of the white pulp (WP), germinal center (GC) and lymphatic nodule (LN). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (p<0.05). MSG treatment promoted a reduction in spleen weight, increased LN thickness and WP area, but reduced GC occupation, compared to spleens of CON-lean rats (p<0.05). Exercise and VD did not provoke changes in the spleens of MSG-obese rats. In CON-lean rats, E and VD induced augmentation of LN thickness. VD supplementation increased the WP area, while E reduced GC area occupation in spleens of CON-lean rats (p<0.05). In conclusion, exercise and VD supplementation increased LN thickness and WP area, but had the opposite effect on the GC in spleens of CON-lean rats. However, neither exercise nor VD supplementation prevented the development of morphological abnormalities in the spleens of MSG-obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Maria Guareschi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, University of West Parana (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brazil. +55 4532203257
| | - Vanessa Marieli Ceglarek
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, University of West Parana (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brazil. +55 4532203257
| | - Patrick Fontes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, University of West Parana (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brazil. +55 4532203257
| | - Luiz Pierre Huning
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, University of West Parana (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brazil. +55 4532203257
| | - Cintia Festinalli
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, University of West Parana (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brazil. +55 4532203257
| | | | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, University of West Parana (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brazil. +55 4532203257
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Alimoradi K, Nikooyeh B, Ravasi AA, Zahedirad M, Shariatzadeh N, Kalayi A, Neyestani TR. Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation in Physical Performance of Iranian Elite Athletes. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:100. [PMID: 31360347 PMCID: PMC6592128 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_227_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been no report of the vitamin D status of the professional athletes from Iran to date. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of weekly vitamin D supplementation on athletic performance in Iranian athletes expedited to Asian competition in Taipei, China, 2015. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. Seventy subjects were enrolled in the study. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups: vitamin D supplement (D; received 50,000 IU of vitamin D supplement weekly) and control (P, received a placebo weekly). Duration of the study was 8 weeks. Anthropometric, dietary, athletic performance, and biochemical evaluations were performed for all subjects in the beginning and in the end of the intervention period. Results: A significant rise in circulating 25(OH)D concentration was observed in D group (17.3 ± 16.9 ng/mL, P < 0.001), whereas in P group, there was a statistically significant decrement (−3.1 ± 8.4 ng/mL, P = 0.040). There were no either within- or between-group significant differences in Ergo jump, vertical jump, and agility tests. In strength leg press tests, both groups showed a significant improvement. However, comparisons of changes revealed that the improvement in D group was significantly higher than in P group (P = 0.034). Moreover, in sprint test (one repetition-Max, 1RM), only D group had a significant within-group improvement (P = 0.030). Conclusions: Weekly supplementation with 50,000 IU vitamin D resulted in nearly 17 ng/mL increment in circulating calcidiol. This increase was associated with significant improvement of power leg press and sprint tests in D-supplemented group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamollah Alimoradi
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Department of Nutrition Research, Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Ravasi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Zahedirad
- Department of Nutrition Research, Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Shariatzadeh
- Department of Nutrition Research, Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kalayi
- Department of Nutrition Research, Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tirang Reza Neyestani
- Department of Nutrition Research, Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Debruin DA, Andreacchio N, Hanson ED, Timpani CA, Rybalka E, Hayes A. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle in the mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050096. [PMID: 31035483 PMCID: PMC6572350 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) has shown to be beneficial in reversing muscle weakness and atrophy associated with VitD deficiency. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by worsening muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, with VitD deficiency commonly observed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VitD supplementation on dystrophic skeletal muscle. Eight-week old female control (C57BL/10; n = 29) and dystrophic (C57BL/mdx; n = 23) mice were randomly supplemented with one of three VitD enriched diets (1000, 8000 & 20,000 IU/kg chow). Following a four-week feeding period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles contractile and fatigue properties were tested ex vivo, followed by histological analysis. As expected, mdx muscles displayed higher mass yet lower specific forces and a rightward shift in their force frequency relationship consistent with dystrophic pathology. There was a trend for mdx muscle mass to be larger following the 20,000 IU/kg diet, but this did not result in improved force production. Fiber area in the EDL was larger in mdx compared to controls, and there were higher amounts of damage in both muscles, with VitD supplementation having no effect. Four weeks of VitD supplementation did not appear to have any impact upon dystrophic skeletal muscle pathology at this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Debruin
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Nicola Andreacchio
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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Garcia M, Seelaender M, Sotiropoulos A, Coletti D, Lancha AH. Vitamin D, muscle recovery, sarcopenia, cachexia, and muscle atrophy. Nutrition 2019; 60:66-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Moon AS, Boudreau S, Mussell E, He JK, Brabston EW, Ponce BA, Momaya AM. Current concepts in vitamin D and orthopaedic surgery. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2019; 105:375-382. [PMID: 30858042 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D plays an important role in the musculoskeletal system of the human body. Here, we review the most current literature on vitamin D as it relates to orthopaedic surgery and the musculoskeletal system, focusing largely on non-fracture applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was performed on the basic science of vitamin D metabolism, epidemiology of vitamin D levels, role of vitamin D within the musculoskeletal system, and the correlation of vitamin D with injuries and orthopaedic surgical outcomes. RESULTS The existing literature suggests vitamin D plays multiple roles in the musculoskeletal system. Recent research has shed light on the importance of vitamin D in the setting of soft tissue healing and recovery in addition to affecting postoperative outcomes after common orthopaedic procedures. CONCLUSIONS Given the widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the current evidence regarding clinical implications in patients with musculoskeletal complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Moon
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 951 18th St. S, 35205 Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sellers Boudreau
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 951 18th St. S, 35205 Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Mussell
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 951 18th St. S, 35205 Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jun Kit He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 951 18th St. S, 35205 Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Eugene W Brabston
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 951 18th St. S, 35205 Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brent A Ponce
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 951 18th St. S, 35205 Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit M Momaya
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 951 18th St. S, 35205 Birmingham, AL, USA
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45
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Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on inflammatory markers and muscle damage indices of soccer players after a simulated soccer match. Nutrition 2019; 59:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Guest NS, Horne J, Vanderhout SM, El-Sohemy A. Sport Nutrigenomics: Personalized Nutrition for Athletic Performance. Front Nutr 2019; 6:8. [PMID: 30838211 PMCID: PMC6389634 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual's dietary and supplement strategies can influence markedly their physical performance. Personalized nutrition in athletic populations aims to optimize health, body composition, and exercise performance by targeting dietary recommendations to an individual's genetic profile. Sport dietitians and nutritionists have long been adept at placing additional scrutiny on the one-size-fits-all general population dietary guidelines to accommodate various sporting populations. However, generic "one-size-fits-all" recommendations still remain. Genetic differences are known to impact absorption, metabolism, uptake, utilization and excretion of nutrients and food bioactives, which ultimately affects a number of metabolic pathways. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics are experimental approaches that use genomic information and genetic testing technologies to examine the role of individual genetic differences in modifying an athlete's response to nutrients and other food components. Although there have been few randomized, controlled trials examining the effects of genetic variation on performance in response to an ergogenic aid, there is a growing foundation of research linking gene-diet interactions on biomarkers of nutritional status, which impact exercise and sport performance. This foundation forms the basis from which the field of sport nutrigenomics continues to develop. We review the science of genetic modifiers of various dietary factors that impact an athlete's nutritional status, body composition and, ultimately athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanci S Guest
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Nutrigenomix Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justine Horne
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shelley M Vanderhout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Nutrigenomix Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Nutrigenomix Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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Harty PS, Cottet ML, Malloy JK, Kerksick CM. Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Brief Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:1. [PMID: 30617517 PMCID: PMC6323061 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is typically caused by unaccustomed exercise and results in pain, soreness, inflammation, and reduced muscle function. These negative outcomes may cause discomfort and impair subsequent athletic performance or training quality, particularly in individuals who have limited time to recover between training sessions or competitions. In recent years, a multitude of techniques including massage, cryotherapy, and stretching have been employed to combat the signs and symptoms of EIMD, with mixed results. Likewise, many varied nutritional and supplementation interventions intended to treat EIMD-related outcomes have gained prominence in the literature. To date, several review articles have been published that explore the many recovery strategies purported to minimize indirect markers of muscle damage. However, these articles are very limited from a nutritional standpoint. Thus, the purpose of this review is to briefly and comprehensively summarize many of these strategies that have been shown to positively influence the recovery process after damaging exercise. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based on nutrient source: fruits and fruit-derived supplements, vegetables and plant-derived supplements, herbs and herbal supplements, amino acid and protein supplements, vitamin supplements, and other supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Harty
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Megan L. Cottet
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - James K. Malloy
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
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48
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Sikora-Klak J, Narvy SJ, Yang J, Makhni E, Kharrazi FD, Mehran N. The Effect of Abnormal Vitamin D Levels in Athletes. Perm J 2019; 22:17-216. [PMID: 30005732 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/17-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a lipophilic prohormone integral to musculoskeletal, autoimmune, oncologic, cardiovascular, and mental health. Of particular importance to the orthopedic surgeon is the role of vitamin D in the regulation of bone mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Although vitamin D-related skeletal pathologies are rare in industrialized nations, emerging research in the field has shown that most American adults have inadequate levels of vitamin D. Even among athletes, there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which may place competitors at risk of stress fractures, illness, and delayed muscle recovery. Adequately identifying vitamin D-deficient individuals in need of supplementation is important to help optimize performance and prevent future injury. The goal of this review is to describe the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency and its effects on athletic performance and musculoskeletal health. Future double-blinded studies of vitamin D supplementation in athletes are needed. We recommend treating athletes who have insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sikora-Klak
- Orthopedist for the University of California, San Diego Health System.
| | - Steven J Narvy
- Orthopedist at the Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center in Torrance, CA.
| | - Justin Yang
- Orthopedist at the Sunset Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Eric Makhni
- Orthopedist at the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic in Los Angeles, CA.
| | | | - Nima Mehran
- Orthopedist at the Sunset Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA.
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49
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Ferley DD, Vukovich MD. Assessing the Reliability of Using a Horizontal Leg Press Equipped With a Force Plate to Report on Measures of Positive and Negative Neuromuscular Characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 33:360-371. [PMID: 30531418 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ferley, DD and Vukovich, MD. Assessing the reliability of using a horizontal leg press equipped with a force plate to report on measures of positive and negative neuromuscular characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 360-371, 2019-Individuals participating in sport or returning from a lower-extremity injury routinely perform assessments of lower-body anaerobic capacity and power to gauge fitness or readiness to return to competition. However, many commonly used assessments lack the specificity of movement and muscle contraction demonstrated in sprinting, jumping, and changing direction. Therefore, this investigation assessed the reliability of a novel lower-body power test called a Plyo Press Power Quotient (3PQ), which involves jumping on a horizontal leg press equipped with a force plate. Thirty participants completed 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength testing for 1 and 2 legs and a countermovement vertical jump. Two trials of 1- and 2-leg jump tests were performed using 30, 40, 50, and 60% of 1RM for 20 and 30 seconds, respectively. Dependent variables were a variety of positive (concentric) and negative (eccentric) neuromuscular indices. Statistical significance was set to p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences existed between trial 1 and 2 for any measures. One-way analysis of variance between %1RM conditions revealed significant differences in peak force (right; both), average negative power (left; right), average negative work (left; right), rate of power development (both), percent positive and negative fatigue (left; right; both), and velocity of movement (left; right; both). Peak power of all 2-leg jump tests correlated highly with vertical jump (r ≥ 0.89) but was significantly different. We conclude 3PQ testing provides a reliable assessment of anaerobic capacity and power, with the added benefit of easy single-leg comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek D Ferley
- Avera Sports, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Matthew D Vukovich
- College of Education and Human Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
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Selected In-Season Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Recovery for Team Sport Athletes: A Practical Overview. Sports Med 2018; 47:2201-2218. [PMID: 28702900 PMCID: PMC5633631 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Team sport athletes face a variety of nutritional challenges related to recovery during the competitive season. The purpose of this article is to review nutrition strategies related to muscle regeneration, glycogen restoration, fatigue, physical and immune health, and preparation for subsequent training bouts and competitions. Given the limited opportunities to recover between training bouts and games throughout the competitive season, athletes must be deliberate in their recovery strategy. Foundational components of recovery related to protein, carbohydrates, and fluid have been extensively reviewed and accepted. Micronutrients and supplements that may be efficacious for promoting recovery include vitamin D, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, creatine, collagen/vitamin C, and antioxidants. Curcumin and bromelain may also provide a recovery benefit during the competitive season but future research is warranted prior to incorporating supplemental dosages into the athlete's diet. Air travel poses nutritional challenges related to nutrient timing and quality. Incorporating strategies to consume efficacious micronutrients and ingredients is necessary to support athlete recovery in season.
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