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Meng D, Yin G, Chen S, Zhang X, Yu W, Wang L, Liu H, Jiang W, Sun Y, Zhang F. Diosgenin attenuates nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis through the hepatic SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176737. [PMID: 38866362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide in recent years, causing severe economic and social burdens. Therefore, the lack of currently approved drugs for anti-NAFLD has gradually gained attention. SIRT1, as a member of the sirtuins family, is now the most widely studied in the pathophysiology of many metabolic diseases, and has great potential for preventing and treating NAFLD. Natural products such as Diosgenin (DG) have the potential to be developed as clinical drugs for the treatment of NAFLD due to their excellent multi-target therapeutic effects. In this study, we found that DG can activate the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway and upregulate the expression of its downstream targets nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), complex IV (COX IV), mitofusin-2 (MFN2), and PPARα (perox-isome proliferator-activated receptor α) in SD rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and HepG2 cells caused by free fatty acids (FFAs, sodium oleate: sodium palmitate = 2:1). Conversely, the levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and inflammatory factors, including NF-κB p65, IL6, and TNFα, were downregulated both in vitro and in vivo. This improved mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), lipid accumulation, steatosis, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte inflammation. Subsequently, we applied SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 and SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 to confirm further the necessity of activating SIRT1 for DG to exert therapeutic effects on NAFLD. In summary, these results further demonstrate the potential therapeutic role of DG as a SIRT1 natural agonist for NAFLD. (Graphical Abstracts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Meng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Linya Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China.
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Ayustaningwarno F, Anjani G, Ayu AM, Fogliano V. A critical review of Ginger's ( Zingiber officinale) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1364836. [PMID: 38903613 PMCID: PMC11187345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1364836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a rhizome that has been used as a healthy herbal plant for years. Ginger's chemical components are recognized to provide beneficial health effects, namely as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents with the potential to operate as immunomodulators. This literature review covers numerous publications concerning ginger's immunomodulatory potential, associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in modifying the body's immune system. Pathophysiology of oxidative stress and inflammation were introduced before diving deep down into the herbal plants as an immunomodulator. Ginger's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are provided by gingerol, shogaols, paradol, and zingerone. Ginger's antioxidant mechanism is linked to Nrf2 signaling pathway activation. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism is linked to Akt inhibition and NF-KB activation, triggering the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines while reducing proinflammatory cytokines. Ginger consumption as food and drink was also explored. Overall, ginger and its active components have been shown to have strong antioxidant properties and the potential to reduce inflammation. Challenges and future prospects of ginger are also elaborated for future development. Future collaborations between researchers from various fields, including chemists, biologists, clinicians, pharmacists, and the food industry, are required further to investigate the effect of ginger on human immunity. Collaboration between researchers and industry can help accelerate the advancement of ginger applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitriyono Ayustaningwarno
- Nutrition Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Gemala Anjani
- Nutrition Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Azzahra Mutiara Ayu
- Nutrition Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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3
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Xia Q, Lu F, Chen Y, Li J, Huang Z, Fang K, Hu M, Guo Y, Dong H, Xu L, Gong J. 6-Gingerol regulates triglyceride and cholesterol biosynthesis to improve hepatic steatosis in MAFLD by activating the AMPK-SREBPs signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116060. [PMID: 38147735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol accelerates the progression of hepatic steatosis in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the precise mechanism by which 6-gingerol mitigates hepatic steatosis in MAFLD model mice has yet to be fully understood. The present study observed that 6-gingerol administration exhibited significant protective effects against obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD), and mitigated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells treated with palmitate (PA). Following the hepatic lipidomic analysis, we confirmed that the AMPK-SREBPs signaling pathway as the underlying molecular mechanism by which 6-gingerol inhibited triglyceride and cholesterol biosynthesis, both in vivo and in vitro, through Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Additionally, the application of an AMPK agonist/inhibitor further validated that 6-gingerol promoted AMPK activation by increasing the phosphorylation level of AMPK in vitro. Notably, the inhibitory effect of 6-gingerol on cholesterol biosynthesis, rather than triglyceride biosynthesis, was significantly diminished after silencing SREBP2 using a lentiviral plasmid shRNA in HepG2 cells. Our study demonstrates that 6-gingerol mitigates hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol biosynthesis to alleviate hepatic steatosis by activating the AMPK-SREBPs signaling pathway, indicating that 6-gingerol may be a potential candidate in the therapy of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingbin Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhaoyi Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Zhang Q, Jia Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Tian X, Han S. The effects of medicinal and food homologous substances on blood lipid and blood glucose levels and liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:137. [PMID: 37644446 PMCID: PMC10464055 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide. According to several previous studies, the treatment of patients with NAFLD using medicinal and food-homologous substances has consistent effects on the levels of blood lipids and blood glucose and liver function. OBJECTIVE This systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of medicinal and food homologous substances on blood lipid and glucose levels as well as liver function in patients with NAFLD. METHODS A thorough search was conducted in eight databases, including China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), Wanfang Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase, for articles published from database inception until June 24, 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated utilizing Cochrane Randomized Trial Risk Bias Tool, Edition 2 and GRADE methodology for assessment. RESULTS A total of 13 randomized controlled trials, involving 829 patients with NAFLD, were included in the analysis, these studies included a total of 9 medicinal and food homologous substances. In the 13 studies, hawthorn (2), sea buckthorn (1), ginger (2), turmeric (4) (1 with chicory seeds), cinnamon (1), cardamom (1), purslane (1) and saffron (1) were included. The results of the included studies showed that medicinal and food homologous substances could improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and liver enzyme levels in patients with NAFLD to a certain extent, but the effect of turmeric on TC, liver enzyme levels is controversial. CONCLUSION In patients with NAFLD, dietary intervention using medicinal and food homologous substances can ameliorate blood lipid and blood glucose levels and liver enzymes to some extent. In clinical work, medicinal and food homologous substances can be used to provide patients with NAFLD with a safe and effective dietary plan to help prevent and treat disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital/Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Nursing/Research Center of Dietary Therapy Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yatian Jia
- General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital/Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Li
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- Department of Infection and Toxic Liver Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shifan Han
- School of Nursing/Research Center of Dietary Therapy Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Chen S, Sun S, Feng Y, Li X, Yin G, Liang P, Yu W, Meng D, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang F. Diosgenin attenuates nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis through the hepatic FXR-SHP-SREBP1C/PPARα/CD36 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 952:175808. [PMID: 37263401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide and has no approved treatment. The hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Diosgenin (DG), a natural compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, is very effective in preventing metabolic diseases. Our research aims to determine the effects and molecular mechanisms of DG on NAFLD in vivo and in vitro. The effect of DG on hepatic steatosis was evaluated in Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and in HepG2 cells exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs, sodium oleate:sodium palmitate = 2:1). DG treatment efficiently managed hepatic lipid deposition in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, DG upregulated the expression of FXR and small heterodimer partner (SHP) and downregulated the expression of genes involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1C (SREBP1C), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and fatty acid synthase (FASN). Moreover, DG promoted the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which is related to fatty acid oxidation. In addition, DG inhibited the expression of the CD36 molecule (CD36) related to fatty acid uptake. However, hepatic FXR silencing weakened the regulatory effects of DG on these genes. Collectively, our data show that DG has a good effect on alleviating nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis via the hepatic FXR-SHP-SREBP1C/PPARα/CD36 pathway. DG promises to be a novel candidate FXR activator that can be utilized to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Shangwen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Linshu County People's Hospital, Linyi, 276799, China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Pengpeng Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Decheng Meng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Hongshuai Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.
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6
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Liu Y, Li D, Wang S, Peng Z, Tan Q, He Q, Wang J. 6-Gingerol Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice through Activating LKB1/AMPK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076285. [PMID: 37047258 PMCID: PMC10094681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Gingerol, one of the major pharmacologically active ingredients extracted from ginger, has been reported experimentally to exert hepatic protection in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. RNA sequencing indicated the significant involvement of the AMPK signaling pathway in 6-gingerol-induced alleviation of NAFLD in vivo. Given the significance of the LKB1/AMPK pathway in metabolic homeostasis, this study aims to investigate its role in 6-gingerol-induced mitigation on NAFLD. Our study showed that 6-gingerol ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Further experiment validation suggested that 6-gingerol activated an LKB1/AMPK pathway cascade in vivo and in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the 6-gingerol-elicited activation of an LKB1/AMPK pathway cascade was related to the enhanced stability of the LKB1/STRAD/MO25 complex. Furthermore, radicicol, an LKB1 destabilizer, inhibited the activating effect of 6-gingerol on an LKB1/AMPK pathway cascade via destabilizing LKB1/STRAD/MO25 complex stability in vitro, thus reversing the 6-gingerol-elicited ameliorative effect. In addition, molecular docking analysis further predicated the binding pockets of LKB1 necessary for binding with 6-gingerol. In conclusion, our results indicate that 6-gingerol plays an important role in regulating the stability of the LKB1/STRAD/MO25 complex and the activation of LKB1, which might weigh heavily in the 6-gingerol alleviation of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ze Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qifeng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Chen X, Xue W, Zhang J, Peng J, Huang W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates the NASH phenotype by regulating the miR-375-3p/ATG2B/PTEN-AKT axis to mediate autophagy and pyroptosis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:22. [PMID: 36759837 PMCID: PMC9912620 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most frequent liver diseases at present, and there is no radical treatment. The consequences of a variety of ginsenoside compounds on this situation have before been reported, however, the specific effect on the monomeric ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) and its associated underlying molecular mechanism stay unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, the cell models were constructed by exposing free fatty acids (FFAs) to HepG2 cells. A methionine and choline deficiency (MCD)-induced NASH mouse model was also established over 5-6 weeks of treatment. Rg1 is a traditional Chinese medicine monomer. These NASH models were treated with Rg1 and analyzed by qRT-PCR, Western Blot, sequencing, Oil red O staining, immunofluorescence, enzyme activity, HE staining, ELISA, double luciferase reporter assay, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Overexpression of ATG2B, an autophagy-related protein, attenuated lipid droplet accumulation and reduces ALT, AST, inflammatory cytokines, hydrogen peroxide, and pyroptosis in established mouse and cellular models of NASH and increased levels of ATP and autophagy. The binding sites of miR-375-3p and ATG2B were verified by bioinformatic prediction and a dual-luciferase reporter gene. Knockdown of miR-375-3p promoted autophagy and inhibited pyroptosis. ATG2B knockdown substantially attenuated the impact of miR-375-3p on NASH. Rg1 appears to regulate the occurrence and development of NASH inflammation through miR-375-3p and ATG2B in vitro and in vivo, and is regulated by PTEN-AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that Rg1 participates in autophagy and pyroptosis through the miR-375-3p/ATG2B/PTEN-AKT pathway, thereby alleviating the occurrence and development of NASH, for that reason revealing Rg1 as a candidate drug for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxin Chen
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wei Xue
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jia Zhang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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8
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Torrado-Salmerón C, Guarnizo-Herrero V, Torrado G, Peña MÁ, Torrado-Santiago S, de la Torre-Iglesias PM. Solid dispersions of atorvastatin with Kolliphor RH40: Enhanced supersaturation and improvement in a hyperlipidemic rat model. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122520. [PMID: 36581105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a potent lipid-lowering drug with poor solubility and high presystemic clearance that limits its therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to develop solid dispersions and micellar systems to obtain fast-dissolving atorvastatin systems that enhances their anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Solubility and wettability studies allow the development of solid dispersions with low proportions of croscarmellose sodium as hydrophilic carrier. Solid state characterization studies indicated that the addition of Kolliphor® RH40 surfactant to solid dispersions increases intermolecular hydrogen bonding between drug and polymer chains. Dissolution studies in biorelevant Fasted State Simulate Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF pH 6.5) medium showed for atorvastatin solid dispersion a supersaturation peak of atorvastatin followed by an aggregation/precipitation process. Only the presence of a surfactant such as Kolliphor® RH40 in atorvastatin micellar system, promotes the presence of micelles that achieve delayed recrystallization. Efficacy studies were carried out using a hyperlipidemic model of rats fed with a high- fat diet. The atorvastatin micellar system at doses of 10 mg/kg, revealed a significant improvement in serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides compared to atorvastatin raw material. This micellar system also exhibited more beneficial effects on liver steatosis, inflammation and ballooning injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrado-Salmerón
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Guarnizo-Herrero
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Torrado
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá de Henares, Ctra Madrid-Barcelona Km 33,600, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Ángeles Peña
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá de Henares, Ctra Madrid-Barcelona Km 33,600, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago Torrado-Santiago
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paloma Marina de la Torre-Iglesias
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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9
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6-gingerol ameliorates weight gain and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome rats by regulating adipocytokines. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:351-358. [PMID: 37026043 PMCID: PMC10071327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to increase of insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adipose tissue production of adipocytokines. 6-gingerol is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 6-gingerol on high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced weight gain and IR in rats through modulation of adipocytokines. To induce MetS, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a HFHF diet for 16 weeks and at Week 8, single-dose low-dose streptozotocin (22 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected. After 8 weeks of HFHF diet feeding, the rats were treated orally with 6-gingerol (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) once daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, all animals were terminated, serum, liver, and visceral adipose tissues were harvested for biochemical analysis including the measurements of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and liver and adipose tissue histopathology. Biochemical parameters namely serum total cholesterol (243.7 ± 127.6 vs 72.6 ± 3 mg/dL), triglycerides (469.2 ± 164.9 vs 49.3 ± 6.3 mg/dL), fasting plasma glucose (334 ± 49.5 vs 121 ± 8.5 mg/dL), HOMA-IR (0.70 ± 0.24 vs 0.32 ± 0.06), and leptin (6.19 ± 1.24 vs 3.45 ± 0.33 ng/mL) were significantly enhanced, whereas HDL-cholesterol (26.2 ± 5.2 vs 27.9 ± 1.1 mg/dL) and adiponectin level (14.4 ± 5.5 vs 52.8 ± 10.7 ng/mL) were lowered in MetS vs normal control. Moreover, MetS were marked a significant increase in body weight and proinflammatory cytokines. Treatment with 6-gingerol dose-dependently restored all of those alterations towards normal values as well as the accumulation of lipid in liver and adipose tissues. These findings demonstrate that 6-gingerol, in a dose-dependent mode, showed capability of improving weight gain and IR in MetS rats through modulation of adipocytokines.
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Li H, Rafie R, Xu Z, Siddiqui RA. Phytochemical profile and anti-oxidation activity changes during ginger ( Zingiber officinale) harvest: Baby ginger attenuates lipid accumulation and ameliorates glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:133-144. [PMID: 35035916 PMCID: PMC8751441 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the phenolic content and anti-oxidation properties of ginger at different harvesting time and tested its effects on lipid droplet formation and glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Ginger samples at different stages of maturity were harvested every two weeks starting from mid-October for 16 weeks. Our data indicate that ginger has the highest phenolic contents and superior anti-oxidation activity when harvested early (immature baby ginger); however, the concentration of phenolic contents and its anti-oxidation activity were progressively reduced up to 50% as ginger matures. Furthermore, the data indicate that baby ginger extract inhibits lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells up to 20% in a dose-dependent manner. Baby ginger exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity by 29.5% and ameliorated glucose uptake in HepG2 cell at similar level. Our results suggest that harvesting ginger at an appropriate (early) time may be beneficial for optimizing its biological active contents and qualitative properties. The data also suggest that a regular use of ginger can potentially lower incidences of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research StationVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Reza Rafie
- Cooperate ExtensionCollege of AgricultureVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Medicine of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Chemical & Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science & TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Rafat A. Siddiqui
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research StationVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
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Kunnumakkara AB, Rana V, Parama D, Banik K, Girisa S, Henamayee S, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Garodia P, Gupta SC, Aggarwal BB. COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related? Life Sci 2021; 284:119201. [PMID: 33607159 PMCID: PMC7884924 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as associated complications and mortality. Therefore, targeting the cytokine storm might help in reducing COVID-19-associated health complications. The number of COVID-19 associated deaths (as of January 15, 2021; https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) in the USA is high (1199/million) as compared to countries like India (110/million). Although the reason behind this is not clear, spices may have some role in explaining this difference. Spices and herbs are used in different traditional medicines, especially in countries such as India to treat various chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the anti-inflammatory properties of spices which might prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. METHOD A detailed literature search has been conducted on PubMed for collecting information pertaining to the COVID-19; the history, origin, key structural features, and mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2; the repurposed drugs in use for the management of COVID-19, and the anti-inflammatory role of spices to combat COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that have reported the potency of spices to exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating crucial molecular targets for inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE As spices are derived from Mother Nature and are inexpensive, they are relatively safer to consume. Therefore, their anti-inflammatory property can be exploited to combat the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. This review thus focuses on the current knowledge on the role of spices for the treatment of COVID-19 through suppression of inflammation-linked cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India,Corresponding author at: Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sahu Henamayee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | | | - Subash C. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA,Corresponding author at: Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA
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12
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Luciano TF, De Souza CT, Pinho RA, Marques SDO, Luiz GP, Tramontin NDS, Silveira PCLD, de Andrade VM, Muller AP. Effects of Zingiber officinale extract supplementation on metabolic and genotoxic parameters in diet-induced obesity in mice. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:970-981. [PMID: 33323139 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic associated with many diseases. The nutraceutical Zingiber officinale (ZO) is a potential treatment for obesity; however, the molecular effects are unknown. Swiss male mice were fed a high-fat diet (59 % energy from fat) for 16 weeks to generate a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model and then divided into the following groups: standard diet + vehicle; standard diet + ZO; DIO + vehicle and DIO + ZO. Those in the ZO groups were supplemented with 400 mg/kg per d of ZO extract (oral administration) for 35 d. The animals were euthanised, and blood, quadriceps, epididymal fat pad and hepatic tissue were collected. DIO induced insulin resistance, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and DNA damage in different tissues. Treatment with ZO improved insulin sensitivity as well as decreased serum TAG, without changes in body weight or adiposity index. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were lower in the liver and quadriceps in the DIO + ZO group compared with the DIO group. ZO treatment reduced the reactive species and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in blood and liver in obese animals. The endogenous antioxidant activity was higher in the quadriceps of DIO + ZO. These results in the rat model of DIO may indicate ZO as an adjuvant on obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Fernandes Luciano
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudio Teodoro De Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine School, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Paulino Luiz
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pastoris Muller
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Sanhueza S, Tobar N, Cifuentes M, Quenti D, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Masella R, Herrera K, Paredes A, Morales G, Ormazabal P. Lampaya Medicinalis Phil. decreases lipid-induced triglyceride accumulation and proinflammatory markers in human hepatocytes and fat body of Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1464-1475. [PMID: 33895783 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation (steatosis) commonly observed in obesity, may lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Altered regulation of intracellular lipid droplets (LD) and TG metabolism, as well as activation of JNK-mediated proinflammatory pathways may trigger liver steatosis-related disorders. Drosophila melanogaster is an animal model used for studying obesity and its associated disorders. In Drosophila, lipids and glycogen are stored in the fat body (FB), which resembles mammalian adipose tissue and liver. Dietary oversupply leads to obesity-related disorders, which are characterized by FB dysfunction. Infusions of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) are used in folk medicine of Chile to counteract inflammatory diseases. Hydroethanolic extract of lampaya (HEL) contains considerable amounts of flavonoids that may explain its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS We studied whether HEL affects palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and oleic acid (OA; C18:1)-induced TG accumulation and proinflammatory marker content in HepG2 hepatocytes as well as impaired lipid storage and proinflammatory molecule expression in Drosophila melanogaster fed a high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS In HepG2 hepatocytes, exposure to OA/PA elevated TG content, FABP4, ATGL and DGAT2 expression, and the JNK proinflammatory pathway, as well as TNF-α and IL-6 production, while diminished FAS expression. These effects were prevented by HEL co-treatment. In Drosophila larvae fed a HFD, HEL prevented TG accumulation and downregulated proinflammatory JNK pathway activation. CONCLUSION HEL effect counteracting OA/PA- and HFD-induced lipid accumulation and proinflammatory marker expression in HepG2 hepatocytes and Drosophila larvae may represent a preventive approach against hepatic steatosis and inflammation, associated to obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Sanhueza
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, 2820000, Rancagua, Chile.,Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Tobar
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Quenti
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Karin Herrera
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, 2820000, Rancagua, Chile.,Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA) and Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, 1240000, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Glauco Morales
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA) and Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, 1240000, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Paulina Ormazabal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, 2820000, Rancagua, Chile. .,Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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Sarrafan A, Ghobeh M, Yaghmaei P. The effect of 6-gingerol on biochemical and histological parameters in cholesterol-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in NMRI mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-979020200003181020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Antioxidant Properties of Soybean Oil Supplemented with Ginger and Turmeric Powders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soybean oil has been supplemented with 10% (w/w) of ginger and turmeric powders derived from commercial products (GC—commercial ginger and TC—commercial turmeric), freeze-dried rhizomes (freeze-dried ginger (GR) and freeze-dried turmeric rhizome—TR) and peels (freeze-dried ginger peel (GP) and freeze-dried turmeric peel—TP) for developing a functional seasoning with great lipid stability for human consumption. The exhausted ginger and turmeric powders were also recovered and recycled two times to promote a more sustainable process. The antioxidant activity and oxidative stability of oil samples were evaluated respectively by spectrophotometric and Rancimat methods. Folin–Ciocalteu assay and HPLC analysis were also performed to quantify total polyphenols, ginger-derived 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, and turmeric-derived curcumin. Their antioxidant activity as well as oxidative stability, which non-linearly decreased over cycles because of a strongly reduced phenolic extractability, linearly increased with increasing phenolic yields. Hence, ginger and turmeric can be proposed as healthy spices containing bioactive compounds to control lipid oxidation and improve oil stability. Moreover, the valorization of peels as eco-friendly source of natural antioxidants is a valid strategy for providing added-value to these agro-food wastes.
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Guo Y, Guo X, Deng Y, Cheng L, Hu S, Liu H, Hu J, Hu B, Li L, He H, Wang J. Effects of different rearing systems on intramuscular fat content, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism-related genes expression in breast and thigh muscles of Nonghua ducks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4832-4844. [PMID: 32988520 PMCID: PMC7598316 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearing system is a critical nongenetic factor influencing meat quality of ducks. In this study, a total of 360 birds were randomly allocated into floor rearing system (FRS) and net rearing system (NRS) to compare their effects on intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, fatty acid composition, and related gene expression in muscles of Nonghua ducks. Sawdust bedding and stainless mesh bed were equipped in FRS and NRS, respectively. At the eighth week (8w) and 13th week (13w), the breast and thigh muscles of ducks were collected to determine the profiles of lipids composition and the expressions of lipid metabolism-related genes. The IMF content was higher in 13w-FRS than 8w-FRS and 8w-NRS in breast muscle, whereas it was higher in 13w-NRS than other groups in thigh muscle (P < 0.05). C16:1, C20:5(n-3) of muscles were higher in 8w-NRS than 8w-FRS, whereas C18:1(n-9)c, C18:2(n-6)c, Ʃ monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and ƩMUFA/Ʃsaturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio of muscles were higher in 13w-NRS than 8w-FRS and 8w-NRS (P < 0.05). C22:6(n-3), C20:4(n-6) of breast muscle and C20:3(n-6) of thigh muscle were higher in 13w-NRS than 13w-FRS (P < 0.05). Fatty acids variation was studied by principal component analysis, exhibiting extensive positive loadings on principal components. SREBP1, ACADL, and FABP3 were downregulated in breast muscle, whereas PPARα and ELOVL5 were upregulated in thigh muscle of NRS ducks at 13w. Principal components were extensively correlated with lipids composition parameters, and principal components of breast muscle 1 and principal components of thigh muscle 1 were correlated with SREBP1 and PPARα, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, with increasing age, FRS enhanced IMF deposition in breast muscle, and the same promotion in thigh muscle was because of NRS. The variation of fatty acids in muscles was uniform, and the change of single fatty acid was unable to distinguish NRS and FRS. However, as NRS downregulated SREBP1, ACADL and FABP3 in breast muscle and upregulated PPARα and ELOVL5 in thigh muscle, NRS could improve nutrient value and meat quality by increasing ƩMUFA, ƩMUFA/ƩSFA ratio, and important PUFA levels. Therefore, NRS was more recommended than FRS for Nonghua ducks during week 8 to 13 posthatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lumin Cheng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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17
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Tramontin NDS, Luciano TF, Marques SDO, de Souza CT, Muller AP. Ginger and avocado as nutraceuticals for obesity and its comorbidities. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1282-1290. [PMID: 31989713 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is one of the factors involved in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity induces low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. The treatment for obesity involves changes in diet, physical activity, and even medication and surgery. Currently, the use of nutraceutical compounds is associated with health benefits. Ginger and avocado are used for many people all around the world; however, its effect as a nutraceutical compound is less known by the general population. For this reason, we searched information of the literature to point its effects on distinct mechanisms of defense against the obesity its comorbidities. The present review aimed showing that these nutraceuticals may be useful in obesity treatment. Reports have shown that ginger and avocado induce antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by improving enzymatic activity and modulating obesity-related impairments in the anti-inflammatory system in different tissues, without side effects. Furthermore, ginger and avocado were found to be effective in reversing the harmful effects of obesity on blood lipids. In conclusion, on the basis of the positive effects of ginger and avocado in in vitro, animal, and human studies, these nutraceuticals may be useful in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais F Luciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio T de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Muller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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18
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Han JJ, Li X, Ye ZQ, Lu XY, Yang T, Tian J, Wang YQ, Zhu L, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Treatment with 6-Gingerol Regulates Dendritic Cell Activity and Ameliorates the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801356. [PMID: 31313461 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disorder, with increasing incidence worldwide but unknown etiology. 6-Gingerol (6-GIN), a major dietary compound found in ginger rhizome, has immunomodulatory activity. However, its role in autoimmune diseases, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are unclear. In this study, it is evaluated if 6-GIN can effectively ameliorate the clinical disease severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice are recorded daily. Inflammation of periphery and neuroinflammation of EAE mice are determined by flow cytometry analysis, ELISA, and histopathological analysis, and results show that 6-GIN significantly inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration from the periphery into the central nervous system and reduces neuroinflammation and demyelination. Flow cytometry analysis, ELISA, and quantitative PCR show that 6-GIN could suppress lipolysaccharide-induced dendritic cell (DC) activation and induce the tolerogenic DCs. Immunoblot analysis reveals that the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase, two critical regulators of inflammatory signaling, are significantly inhibited in 6-GIN-treated DCs. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that 6-GIN has significant potential as a novel anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as MS via direct modulatory effects on DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qian Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
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Li J, Wang S, Yao L, Ma P, Chen Z, Han TL, Yuan C, Zhang J, Jiang L, Liu L, Ke D, Li C, Yamahara J, Li Y, Wang J. 6-gingerol ameliorates age-related hepatic steatosis: Association with regulating lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 362:125-135. [PMID: 30408433 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of NAFLD increases with age. As the main active ingredient of ginger, 6-gingerol significantly improves lipid metabolism abnormalities in adult rodents. However, few studies have reported its effect on age-related NAFLD. This study was to investigate the effects of 6-gingerol on age-related hepatic steatosis and its potential targets. As expected, 6-gingerol dramatically normalized the hepatic triglyceride content, plasma insulin and HOMA-IR index of ageing rats. Mechanistically, 6-gingerol affected lipid metabolism by increasing β-oxidation and decreasing lipogenesis through activation of PPARα and CPT1α and inhibition of DGAT-2. Furthermore, 6-gingerol reversed the decreases in citrate, Cs and ATP, lessened the damage caused by ROS, and upregulated mitochondrial marker enzymes NOX, SDH, and SIRT3 in the ageing liver, indicating its ability to strengthen mitochondrial function. Our results showed 6-gingerol exerted a positive effect on insulin sensitivity by regulating Akt. In conclusion, the hepatic anti-steatotic effect of 6-gingerol is associated with inhibition of de novo lipogenesis, upregulation of fatty acid oxidation, reduction in oxidative stress and synergistic enhancement of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlin Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dazhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Kunnumakkara AB, Sailo BL, Banik K, Harsha C, Prasad S, Gupta SC, Bharti AC, Aggarwal BB. Chronic diseases, inflammation, and spices: how are they linked? J Transl Med 2018; 16:14. [PMID: 29370858 PMCID: PMC5785894 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research within the last several decades has revealed that the major risk factors for most chronic diseases are infections, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, radiation, environmental pollutants, and diet. It is now well established that these factors induce chronic diseases through induction of inflammation. However, inflammation could be either acute or chronic. Acute inflammation persists for a short duration and is the host defense against infections and allergens, whereas the chronic inflammation persists for a long time and leads to many chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, respiratory diseases, etc. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the aforementioned risk factors induced cancer through chronic inflammation. First, transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3 that regulate expression of inflammatory gene products, have been found to be constitutively active in most cancers; second, chronic inflammation such as pancreatitis, prostatitis, hepatitis etc. leads to cancers; third, activation of NF-κB and STAT3 leads to cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis; fourth, activation of NF-κB and STAT3 leads to resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, and hypoxia and acidic conditions activate these transcription factors. Therefore, targeting these pathways may provide opportunities for both prevention and treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. We will discuss in this review the potential of various dietary agents such as spices and its components in the suppression of inflammatory pathways and their roles in the prevention and therapy of cancer and other chronic diseases. In fact, epidemiological studies do indicate that cancer incidence in countries such as India where spices are consumed daily is much lower (94/100,000) than those where spices are not consumed such as United States (318/100,000), suggesting the potential role of spices in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Bethsebie L Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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21
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Wang C, Batey R, Yamahara J, Li Y. Multiple molecular targets in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in ginger-elicited amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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22
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Wang J, Ke W, Bao R, Hu X, Chen F. Beneficial effects of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe on obesity and metabolic syndrome: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1398:83-98. [PMID: 28505392 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, metabolic syndromes (MetSs), including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, have become a common health problem in both developed and developing countries. Accumulating data have suggested that traditional herbs might be able to provide a wide range of remedies in prevention and treatment of MetSs. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) has been documented to ameliorate hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These beneficial effects are mediated by transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor κB. This review focuses on recent findings regarding the beneficial effects of ginger on obesity and related complications in MetS and discusses its potential mechanisms of action. This review provides guidance for further applications of ginger for personalized nutrition and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; and Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Ke
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; and Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Bao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; and Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; and Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; and Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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23
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Batatinha HAP, Lima EA, Teixeira AAS, Souza CO, Biondo LA, Silveira LS, Lira FS, Rosa Neto JC. Association Between Aerobic Exercise and Rosiglitazone Avoided the NAFLD and Liver Inflammation Exacerbated in PPAR-α Knockout Mice. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1008-1019. [PMID: 27216550 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main liver diseases today, and may progress to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Some studies have shown the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on reversing NAFLD. To verify whether chronic aerobic exercise improves the insulin resistance, liver inflammation, and steatohepatitis caused by a high fat diet (HF) and whether PPARα is involved in these actions. C57BL6 wild type (WT) and PPAR-α knockout (KO) mice were fed with a standard diet (SD) or HF during 12 weeks; the HF mice were trained on a treadmill during the last 8 weeks. Serum glucose and insulin tolerances, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic content of triacylglycerol, cytokines, gene expression, and protein expression were evaluated in all animals. Chronic exposure to HF diet increased triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver, leading to NAFLD, increased aminotransferase in the serum, increased peripheral insulin resistance, and higher adiposity index. Exercise reduced all these parameters in both animal genotypes. The liver lipid accumulation was not associated with inflammation; trained KO mice, however, presented a huge inflammatory response that was probably caused by a decrease in PPAR-γ expression. We conclude that exercise improved the damage caused by a HF independently of PPARα, apparently by a peripheral fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle. We also found that the absence of PPARα together with exercise leads to a decrease in PPAR-γ and a huge inflammatory response. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1008-1019, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena A P Batatinha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson A Lima
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A S Teixeira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila O Souza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana A Biondo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Loreana S Silveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Univer. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Univer. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José C Rosa Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Gingerol protects against experimental liver fibrosis in rats via suppression of pro-inflammatory and profibrogenic mediators. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:419-28. [PMID: 26809353 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
6-Gingerol (Gin) is known to possess hepatoprotective effects. Liver fibrosis is a major health concern that results in significant morbidity and mortality. There is no FDA-approved medication for liver fibrosis. The present work aimed at exploring the beneficial effects of Gin against liver fibrosis in rats. Experimental fibrosis was induced by challenging animals with CCl4 for 6 weeks. Gin significantly ameliorated the increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, albumin, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations, and liver index. These effects were confirmed by light and electron microscopic examinations. The antifibrotic effects were confirmed by examining Masson trichrome-stained liver sections which indicated reduced collagen deposition in Gin-treated animals. Further, Gin administration hampered alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and significantly reduced hepatic content of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Also, Gin elicited profound antioxidant actions as indicated by preventing reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxide accumulation. The observed antifibrotic activities involved decreased production of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM). Involvement of Gin anti-inflammatory activity was verified by the decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in livers of animals treated with Gin. Thus, it can be concluded that Gin protects against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. This can be ascribed, at least partly, to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects as well as the inhibition of NF-κB/TLR-4 expression.
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