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Wu Y, Cao Y, Chen L, Lai X, Zhang S, Wang S. Role of Exosomes in Cancer and Aptamer-Modified Exosomes as a Promising Platform for Cancer Targeted Therapy. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:15. [PMID: 38802766 PMCID: PMC11129508 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer biology. Exosomes can be derived from cancer cells as well as cellular components in tumor microenvironment. After secretion, the exosomes carrying a wide range of bioactive cargos can be ingested by local or distant recipient cells. The released cargos act through a variety of mechanisms to elicit multiple biological effects and impact most if not all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and capability of being easily engineered or modified, exosomes are currently exploited as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of roles of exosomes in risk and etiology, initiation and progression of cancer, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. The aptamer-modified exosome as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy is then briefly introduced. We also discuss the future directions for emerging roles of exosome in tumor biology and perspective of aptamer-modified exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
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Scialo TE, Pace CM, Abrams DI. The Dairy and Cancer Controversy: Milking the Evidence. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:191-199. [PMID: 38289521 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer risk reduction remains a significant concern for both individuals with a cancer diagnosis and those aiming to prevent it. Dairy products, a source of beneficial dietary nutrients, have sparked controversy regarding their impact on cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence indicates that dairy consumption, particularly milk, can decrease colorectal cancer risk. However, cow's milk, a key dairy product, exposes individuals to growth hormones, notably insulin-like growth factor-1, potentially elevating cancer risk. Extensive research supports the link between dairy intake and heightened prostate cancer risk. Nonetheless, investigations into dairy's association with breast, ovarian, and other cancers yield mixed results. The overall data on dairy and cancer remains inconclusive. Available data suggests that a diet emphasizing fiber-rich foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, while restricting milk and dairy intake-similar to the Mediterranean dietary pattern-might mitigate cancer incidence. However, further research is crucial to elucidate the precise role of dairy products in overall cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Scialo
- Nutrition and Food Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wilmington, DE, USA.
| | - Crystal M Pace
- Nutrition and Food Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, ME, USA
| | - Donald I Abrams
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Rosqvist F, Niinistö S. Fats and oils - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10487. [PMID: 38370114 PMCID: PMC10870979 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 summarizes the available evidence on fats and oils from a food level perspective. A literature search for systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses was conducted in PubMed. There are few SRs and meta-analyses available that investigate the association between fats and oils (food level) and health outcomes; the majority report associations at the nutrient level (fatty acid classes). All identified SRs and meta-analyses were of low methodological quality, thus the findings and conclusions presented within this scoping review should be interpreted cautiously. Based on this limited evidence, the following results were indicated: the intake of olive oil may be associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and total mortality in prospective cohort studies. The intake of butter was not associated with the risk of CVD but may be related to slightly lower risk of T2D and higher risk of total mortality in prospective cohort studies. For cancer, the evidence is sparse and primarily based on case-control studies. The intake of olive oil may be associated with reduced risk of cancer, whereas the intake of butter may be associated with increased risk of certain cancer types. Butter increases LDL-cholesterol when compared to virtually all other fats and oils. Palm oil may increase LDL-cholesterol when compared to oils rich in MUFA or PUFA but may not have any effect on glucose or insulin. Coconut oil may increase LDL-cholesterol when compared to other plant oils but may decrease LDL-cholesterol when compared to animal fats rich in SFA. Canola/rapeseed oil may decrease LDL-cholesterol compared to olive oil, sunflower oil and sources of SFA and may also reduce body weight compared to other oils. Olive oil may decrease some inflammation markers but may not have a differential effect on LDL-cholesterol compared to other fats and oils. The effect on risk markers likely differs depending on the type/version of oil, for example, due to the presence of polyphenols, phytosterols and other minor components. Taken together, based on the available evidence, oils rich in unsaturated fat (e.g. olive oil, canola oil) are to be preferred over oils and fats rich in saturated fat (e.g. butter, tropical oils).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sari Niinistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhang M, Dong X, Huang Z, Li X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhu H, Fang A, Giovannucci EL. Cheese consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1170-1186. [PMID: 37328108 PMCID: PMC10509445 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This umbrella review aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of current evidence from prospective studies on the diverse health effects of cheese consumption. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify meta-analyses/pooled analyses of prospective studies examining the association between cheese consumption and major health outcomes from inception to August 31, 2022. We reanalyzed and updated previous meta-analyses and performed de novo meta-analyses with recently published prospective studies, where appropriate. We calculated the summary effect size, 95% prediction confidence intervals, between-study heterogeneity, small-study effects, and excess significance bias for each health outcome. We identified 54 eligible articles of meta-analyses/pooled analyses. After adding newly published original articles, we performed 35 updated meta-analyses and 4 de novo meta-analyses. Together with 8 previous meta-analyses, we finally included 47 unique health outcomes. Cheese consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (highest compared with lowest category: RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99), cardiovascular mortality (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99), incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98), stroke (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.98), estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.97), type 2 diabetes (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98), total fracture (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), and dementia (RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.99). Null associations were found for other outcomes. According to the NutriGrade scoring system, moderate quality of evidence was observed for inverse associations of cheese consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, incident CVD, CHD, and stroke, and for null associations with cancer mortality, incident hypertension, and prostate cancer. Our findings suggest that cheese consumption has neutral to moderate benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocong Dong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihui Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyao Wang
- Chinese Nutrition Society Academy of Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Melnik BC, Stadler R, Weiskirchen R, Leitzmann C, Schmitz G. Potential Pathogenic Impact of Cow’s Milk Consumption and Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076102. [PMID: 37047075 PMCID: PMC10094152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports an association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. This narrative review intends to elucidate the potential impact of milk-related agents, predominantly milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) and their microRNAs (miRs) in lymphomagenesis. Upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling is a common feature of DLBCL. Increased expression of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and suppression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1)/PR domain-containing protein 1 (PRDM1) are crucial pathological deviations in DLBCL. Translational evidence indicates that during the breastfeeding period, human MDE miRs support B cell proliferation via epigenetic upregulation of BCL6 (via miR-148a-3p-mediated suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and miR-155-5p/miR-29b-5p-mediated suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) and suppression of BLIMP1 (via MDE let-7-5p/miR-125b-5p-targeting of PRDM1). After weaning with the physiological termination of MDE miR signaling, the infant’s BCL6 expression and B cell proliferation declines, whereas BLIMP1-mediated B cell maturation for adequate own antibody production rises. Because human and bovine MDE miRs share identical nucleotide sequences, the consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk in adults with the continued transfer of bioactive bovine MDE miRs may de-differentiate B cells back to the neonatal “proliferation-dominated” B cell phenotype maintaining an increased BLC6/BLIMP1 ratio. Persistent milk-induced epigenetic dysregulation of BCL6 and BLIMP1 expression may thus represent a novel driving mechanism in B cell lymphomagenesis. Bovine MDEs and their miR cargo have to be considered potential pathogens that should be removed from the human food chain.
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Odutola MK, van Leeuwen MT, Bassett JK, Bruinsma F, Turner J, Seymour JF, Prince HM, Milliken ST, Hertzberg M, Roncolato F, Opat SS, Lindeman R, Tiley C, Trotman J, Verner E, Harvey M, Underhill CR, Benke G, Giles GG, Vajdic CM. Dietary intake of animal-based products and likelihood of follicular lymphoma and survival: A population-based family case-control study. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1048301. [PMID: 36687712 PMCID: PMC9846614 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1048301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between dietary intake of foods of animal origin and follicular lymphoma (FL) risk and survival is uncertain. In this study, we examined the relationship between dietary intake of dairy foods and fats, meat, fish and seafoods, and the likelihood of FL and survival. Methods We conducted a population-based family case-control study in Australia between 2011 and 2016 and included 710 cases, 303 siblings and 186 spouse/partner controls. We assessed dietary intake of animal products prior to diagnosis (the year before last) using a structured food frequency questionnaire and followed-up cases over a median of 6.9 years using record linkage to national death data. We examined associations with the likelihood of FL using logistic regression and used Cox regression to assess association with all-cause and FL-specific mortality among cases. Results We observed an increased likelihood of FL with increasing daily quantity of oily fish consumption in the year before last (highest category OR = 1.96, CI = 1.02-3.77; p-trend 0.06) among cases and sibling controls, but no associations with spouse/partner controls. We found no association between the likelihood of FL and the consumption of other types of fish or seafood, meats or dairy foods and fats. In FL cases, we found no association between meat or oily fish intake and all-cause or FL-specific mortality. Conclusion Our study showed suggestive evidence of a positive association between oily fish intake and the likelihood of FL, but findings varied by control type. Further investigation of the potential role of environmental contaminants in oily fish on FL etiology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Odutola
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina T. van Leeuwen
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie K. Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Turner
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John F. Seymour
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Miles Prince
- Epworth Healthcare and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel T. Milliken
- St. Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Hertzberg
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fernando Roncolato
- St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia,St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen S. Opat
- Clinical Haematology, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Lindeman
- New South Wales Health Pathology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Campbell Tiley
- Gosford Hospital, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Judith Trotman
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Verner
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Harvey
- Liverpool Hospital, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig R. Underhill
- Border Medical Oncology Research Unit, Rural Medical School, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Geza Benke
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire M. Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Claire M. Vajdic ✉
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Lumsden AL, Mulugeta A, Hyppönen E. Milk consumption and risk of twelve cancers: A large-scale observational and Mendelian randomisation study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1-8. [PMID: 36473423 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Milk consumption is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has been associated with several cancer types in observational studies. Limited evidence exists regarding the causality of these relationships. Using a genetic variant (rs4988235) near the lactase gene (LCT) locus that proxies milk consumption, we conducted a comprehensive survey to assess potential causal relationships between milk consumption and 12 types of cancer. METHODS Our analyses were conducted using white British participants of the UK Biobank (n = up to 255,196), the FinnGen cohort (up to 260,405), and available cancer consortia. We included cancers with previous evidence of an association with milk consumption in observational studies, as well as cancers common in both UK Biobank and FinnGen populations (>1000 cases). We evaluated phenotypic associations of milk intake and cancer incidence in the UK Biobank, and then used a Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach to assess causality in the UK Biobank, FinnGen consortium, and combined analyses incorporating additional consortia data for five cancers. In MR meta-analyses, case numbers for cancers of breast, ovary, uterus, cervix, prostate, bladder and urinary tract, colorectum, and lung ranged between 6000 and 148,000 cases, and between 780 and 1342 cases for cancers of the liver, mouth, stomach and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. RESULTS In observational analyses, milk consumption was associated with higher risk of bladder and urinary tract cancer (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.47), but not with any other cancer. This association was not confirmed in the MR analysis, and genetically predicted milk consumption showed a significant association only with lower risk of colorectal cancer (0.89, 0.81-0.98 per additional 50 g/day). In the MR analyses conducted among individual cohorts, genetically predicted milk consumption provided evidence for an association with lower colorectal cancer in the FinnGen cohort (0.85, 0.74-0.97), and in the UK Biobank greater risk of female breast cancer (1.12, 1.03-1.23), and uterine cancer in pre-menopausal females (3.98, 1.48-10.7). CONCLUSION In a comprehensive survey of milk-cancer associations, we confirm of a protective role of milk consumption for colorectal cancer. Our analyses also provide some suggestion for higher risks of breast cancer and premenopausal uterine cancer, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Lumsden
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Anwar Mulugeta
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Domingo JL. Dioxins and furans in cow milk and dairy products: A review of the scientific literature. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Domingo
- School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health Universitat Rovira i Virgili San Llorenç 21 Reus Catalonia 43201 Spain
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Li D, Yao X, Yue J, Fang Y, Cao G, Midgley AC, Nishinari K, Yang Y. Advances in Bioactivity of MicroRNAs of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles and Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6285-6299. [PMID: 35583385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small noncoding RNA involved in physiological and pathological processes via the regulation of gene expression. Naked miRNAs are unstable and liable to degradation by RNases. Exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) secreted by plants and extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in milk are abundant in miRNAs, which can be carried by ELNs and EVs to target cells to exert their bioactivities. In this review, we describe the current understanding of miRNAs in plant ELNs and milk EVs, summarize their important roles in regulation of inflammation, intestinal barrier, tumors, and infantile immunological functions, and also discuss the adverse effect of EV miRNAs on human health. Additionally, we prospect recent challenges centered around ELN and EV miRNAs for interventional applications and provide insights of grain-derived ELNs and miRNAs interventional use in human health. Overall, plant ELNs and milk EVs can transfer miRNAs to mitigate the pathological status of recipient cells by mediating the expression of target genes but may also exert some side effects. More studies are required to elucidate the in-depth understanding of potential interventional effects of ELN and EV miRNAs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiong Yue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (MoE), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
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Kakkoura MG, Du H, Guo Y, Yu C, Yang L, Pei P, Chen Y, Sansome S, Chan WC, Yang X, Fan L, Lv J, Chen J, Li L, Key TJ, Chen Z. Dairy consumption and risks of total and site-specific cancers in Chinese adults: an 11-year prospective study of 0.5 million people. BMC Med 2022; 20:134. [PMID: 35513801 PMCID: PMC9074208 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of primarily Western populations have reported contrasting associations of dairy consumption with certain cancers, including a positive association with prostate cancer and inverse associations with colorectal and premenopausal breast cancers. However, there are limited data from China where cancer rates and levels of dairy consumption differ importantly from those in Western populations. METHODS The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank study recruited ~0.5 million adults from ten diverse (five urban, five rural) areas across China during 2004-2008. Consumption frequency of major food groups, including dairy products, was collected at baseline and subsequent resurveys, using a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based food frequency questionnaire. To quantify the linear association of dairy intake and cancer risk and to account for regression dilution bias, the mean usual consumption amount for each baseline group was estimated via combining the consumption level at both baseline and the second resurvey. During a mean follow-up of 10.8 (SD 2.0) years, 29,277 incident cancer cases were recorded among the 510,146 participants who were free of cancer at baseline. Cox regression analyses for incident cancers associated with usual dairy intake were stratified by age-at-risk, sex and region and adjusted for cancer family history, education, income, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, soy and fresh fruit intake, and body mass index. RESULTS Overall, 20.4% of participants reported consuming dairy products (mainly milk) regularly (i.e. ≥1 day/week), with the estimated mean consumption of 80.8 g/day among regular consumers and of 37.9 g/day among all participants. There were significant positive associations of dairy consumption with risks of total and certain site-specific cancers, with adjusted HRs per 50 g/day usual consumption being 1.07 (95% CI 1.04-1.10), 1.12 (1.02-1.22), 1.19 (1.01-1.41) and 1.17 (1.07-1.29) for total cancer, liver cancer (n = 3191), female breast cancer (n = 2582) and lymphoma (n=915), respectively. However, the association with lymphoma was not statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. No significant associations were observed for colorectal cancer (n = 3350, 1.08 [1.00-1.17]) or other site-specific cancers. CONCLUSION Among Chinese adults who had relatively lower dairy consumption than Western populations, higher dairy intake was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, female breast cancer and, possibly, lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Kakkoura
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam Sansome
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wing Ching Chan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lei Fan
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Henan CDC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit (CEU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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11
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Su YC, Chiu BCH, Li HJ, Yang WC, Chen TY, Yeh SP, Wang MC, Huang WT, Lee MY, Lin SF. Investigation of the incidence trend of follicular lymphoma from 2008 to 2017 in Taiwan and the United States using population-based data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265543. [PMID: 35298555 PMCID: PMC8929617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The incidence of follicular lymphoma (FL) in Taiwan has not been well investigated since its inclusion as a histological subtype in the Taiwan Cancer Registry in 2008. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence patterns of FL in Taiwan and compare the trends with those in other racial groups in the United States.
Materials and methods
We conducted an epidemiological study using population-based data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries to evaluate the FL incidence from 2008 to 2017. We calculated the annual percent change (APC) to describe the trends in the incidence of FL in subpopulations defined by race and sex over time.
Results
The annual age-adjusted incidence rate of FL in Taiwan increased significantly from 0.59 per 100,000 persons in 2008 to 0.82 per 100,000 persons in 2017, with an APC of 3.2. By contrast, the incidence rate in whites in the United States during the same period decreased from 3.42 to 2.74 per 100,000 persons, with an APC of −2.1. We found no significant change for the blacks (APC, −1.5%), Hispanics (APC, −0.7%), and Asians or Pacific Islanders (APC, +0.7%). The temporal trend was similar between the males and females. The relative frequency of FL among the incident non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases also increased significantly in Taiwan from 7.64% in 2008 to 11.11% in 2017 (APC = 3.8). The relative frequency of FL among the incident NHL cases in the whites decreased from 2008 to 2012 (APC, −3.8%) and then stabilized after 2012 (APC, −0.2%). By contrast, little change in relative frequency of FL among the incident NHL cases was observed in the blacks, Hispanics, and APIs between 2008 and 2017.
Conclusion
We found increases in the incidence of FL and the relative frequency of FL among the incident NHL cases in both males and females in Taiwan from 2008 to 2017. The FL incidence rates were unchanged for all races and sex groups in the United States, except for the decreases in the whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Su
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Brian Chih-Hung Chiu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hung-Ju Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Su-Peng Yeh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wang
- Division of Hema-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsung Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fung Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Lemaitre M, Frenoy P, Fiolet T, Besson C, Mancini FR. Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and risk of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Evidence from the French E3N prospective cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111005. [PMID: 33722527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent and bioaccumulative lipophilic substances, mostly used in the past by industry. Known to be cancerogenic, PCB are suspected to increase Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) risk in the general population mainly due to evidence from cases-controls studies. Since their interdiction in 1987, diet represents the main route of exposure for the general population, nevertheless no study has assessed the relationship between PCB dietary exposure and NHL risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between dietary exposures to dioxin like PCB (DL PCB) and non-dioxin like PCB (NDL PCB) and NHL risk in the E3N prospective cohort of French women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among 67,879 women included in this study, 457 cases of NHL were confirmed during 21 years of follow-up. Dietary exposure to PCB was estimated combining food consumption data collected in E3N and food contamination data provided by French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) in the second French total diet study. Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Average age at diagnosis was 67 years. The median dietary exposure to DL PCB and NDL PCB was, 18.5 pg TEQ/d and 138,843.2 pg/d, respectively. While no association was found between dietary exposure to DL PCB or NDL PCB and overall NHL risk, analyses by NHL histological subgroups showed a positive association between dietary exposures to DL PCB and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (OR3vs1 1.90, 95%CI [1.03-3.51], ptrend 0.02). Nevertheless these findings were no longer statistically significant when the models were adjusted for fish and dairy products consumption. In addition, an inverse association was found between dietary exposure to NDL PCB and the risk of follicular lymphoma (OR3vs1 0.46, 95%CI [0.24-0.87], ptrend 0.01). CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate the association between dietary exposure to DL and NDL PCB and the risk of NHL in a prospective cohort study. Overall, the findings suggest a lack of association between dietary exposure to DL or NDL PCB and NHL risk. Additional studies are needed to reproduce these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lemaitre
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Thibault Fiolet
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Besson
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France; Hematology-Oncology Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78150, Le Chesnay, France; Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Université de Paris Saclay, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Université. Paris-Sud - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Drinks and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the MCC-Spain Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105457. [PMID: 34065213 PMCID: PMC8160774 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults in Western countries. Its etiology is largely unknown but increasing incidence rates observed worldwide suggest that lifestyle and environmental factors such as diet might play a role in the development of CLL. Hence, we hypothesized that the consumption of ultra-processed food and drinks (UPF) might be associated with CLL. Data from a Spanish population-based case-control study (MCC-Spain study) including 230 CLL cases (recruited within three years of diagnosis) and 1634 population-based controls were used. The usual diet during the previous year was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire and food and drink consumption was categorized using the NOVA classification scheme. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used. Overall, no association was reported between the consumption of UPF and CLL cases (OR per each 10% increase of the relative contribution of UPF to total dietary intake = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.94; 1.25)), independently of the Rai stage at diagnosis. However, when analyses were restricted to cases diagnosed within <1 year (incident), each 10% increment in the consumption of UPF was associated with a 22% higher odds ratio of CLL (95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) suggesting that the overall results might be affected by the inclusion of prevalent cases, who might have changed their dietary habits after cancer diagnosis. Given the low number of cases in the subgroup analyses and multiple tests performed, chance findings cannot totally be ruled out. Nonetheless, positive associations found in CLL incident cases merit further research, ideally in well-powered studies with a prospective design.
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Pasteurized non-fermented cow's milk but not fermented milk is a promoter of mTORC1-driven aging and increased mortality. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101270. [PMID: 33571703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies in Sweden, a country with traditionally high milk consumption, revealed that the intake of non-fermented pasteurized milk increased all-cause mortality in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the majority of epidemiological and clinical studies report beneficial health effects of fermented milk products, especially of yogurt. It is the intention of this review to delineate potential molecular aging mechanisms related to the intake of non-fermented milk versus yogurt on the basis of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Non-fermented pasteurized milk via its high bioavailability of insulinotropic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundance of lactose (glucosyl-galactose) and bioactive exosomal microRNAs (miRs) enhances mTORC1 signaling, which shortens lifespan and increases all-cause mortality. In contrast, fermentation-associated lactic acid bacteria metabolize BCAAs and degrade galactose and milk exosomes including their mTORC1-activating microRNAs. The Industrial Revolution, with the introduction of pasteurization and refrigeration of milk, restricted the action of beneficial milk-fermenting bacteria, which degrade milk's BCAAs, galactose and bioactive miRs that synergistically activate mTORC1. This unrecognized behavior change in humans after the Neolithic revolution increased aging-related over-activation of mTORC1 signaling in humans, who persistently consume large quantities of non-fermented pasteurized cow's milk, a potential risk factor for aging and all-cause mortality.
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15
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G, John SM. [Health risks related to milk consumption: a critical evaluation from the medical perspective]. MMW Fortschr Med 2021; 163:3-9. [PMID: 33844179 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-021-9652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies associate the consumption of non-fermented cow's milk, but not fermented milk products, with an increased risk of diseases of civilization. OBJECTIVES Presentation of epidemiological and pathophysiological data on health risks associated with milk consumption. METHOD Selective PubMed surveys between 2005-2020 considering epidemiological studies which clearly differentiate between non-fermented versus fermented milk and its potential health risks. RESULTS Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between milk consumption and birthweight, linear growth during puberty, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Parkinson's disease and over-all mortality. In comparison to milk consumption, the intake of fermented milk/milk products exhibits neutral to beneficial health effects, which are explained by attenuated mTORC1 signaling due to bacterial fermentation of milk. CONCLUSIONS Long-term persistent consumption of non-fermented milk, but not fermented milk/milk products, might increase the risk of diseases of civilization. The avoidance of milk, especially pasteurized fresh milk, may enhance the prevention and reduce the recurrence of common Western diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie, Universität Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland.
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinik Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Swen Malte John
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie, Universitätsklinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhuang P, Wu F, He W, Mao L, Jia W, Zhang Y, Chen X, Jiao J. Cooking oil/fat consumption and deaths from cardiometabolic diseases and other causes: prospective analysis of 521,120 individuals. BMC Med 2021; 19:92. [PMID: 33853582 PMCID: PMC8048052 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence highlights healthy dietary patterns and links daily cooking oil intake with chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, food-based evidence supporting the consumption of cooking oils in relation to total and cardiometabolic mortality remains largely absent. We aim to prospectively evaluate the relations of cooking oils with death from cardiometabolic (CVD and diabetes) and other causes. METHODS We identified and prospectively followed 521,120 participants aged 50-71 years from the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. Individual cooking oil/fat consumption was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for mortality through the end of 2011. RESULTS Overall, 129,328 deaths were documented during a median follow-up of 16 years. Intakes of butter and margarine were associated with higher total mortality while intakes of canola oil and olive oil were related to lower total mortality. After multivariate adjustment for major risk factors, the HRs of cardiometabolic mortality for each 1-tablespoon/day increment were 1.08 (95% CI 1.05-1.10) for butter, 1.06 (1.05-1.08) for margarine, 0.99 (0.95-1.03) for corn oil, 0.98 (0.94-1.02) for canola oil, and 0.96 (0.92-0.99) for olive oil. Besides, butter consumption was positively associated with cancer mortality. Substituting corn oil, canola oil, or olive oil for equal amounts of butter and margarine was related to lower all-cause mortality and mortality from certain causes, including CVD, diabetes, cancer, respiratory disease, and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of butter and margarine was associated with higher total and cardiometabolic mortality. Replacing butter and margarine with canola oil, corn oil, or olive oil was related to lower total and cardiometabolic mortality. Our findings support shifting the intake from solid fats to non-hydrogenated vegetable oils for cardiometabolic health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, and Department of Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, and Department of Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiju Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, and Department of Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Abstract
This review provides epidemiological and translational evidence for milk and dairy intake as critical risk factors in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Large epidemiological studies in the United States and Europe identified total dairy, milk and butter intake with the exception of yogurt as independent risk factors of HCC. Enhanced activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a hallmark of HCC promoted by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). mTORC1 is also activated by milk protein-induced synthesis of hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundant constituents of milk proteins. Over the last decades, annual milk protein-derived BCAA intake increased 3 to 5 times in Western countries. In synergy with HBV- and HCV-induced secretion of hepatocyte-derived exosomes enriched in microRNA-21 (miR-21) and miR-155, exosomes of pasteurized milk as well deliver these oncogenic miRs to the human liver. Thus, milk exosomes operate in a comparable fashion to HBV- or HCV- induced exosomes. Milk-derived miRs synergistically enhance IGF-1-AKT-mTORC1 signaling and promote mTORC1-dependent translation, a meaningful mechanism during the postnatal growth phase, but a long-term adverse effect promoting the development of HCC. Both, dietary BCAA abundance combined with oncogenic milk exosome exposure persistently overstimulate hepatic mTORC1. Chronic alcohol consumption as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two HCC-related conditions, increase BCAA plasma levels. In HCC, mTORC1 is further hyperactivated due to RAB1 mutations as well as impaired hepatic BCAA catabolism, a metabolic hallmark of T2DM. The potential HCC-preventive effect of yogurt may be caused by lactobacilli-mediated degradation of BCAAs, inhibition of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase via production of intestinal medium-chain fatty acids as well as degradation of milk exosomes including their oncogenic miRs. A restriction of total animal protein intake realized by a vegetable-based diet is recommended for the prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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18
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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19
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Zhang X, Chen X, Xu Y, Yang J, Du L, Li K, Zhou Y. Milk consumption and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in humans. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:7. [PMID: 33413488 PMCID: PMC7789627 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to recapitulate the best available evidence of milk consumption and multiple health-related outcomes, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews in humans. Totally, 41 meta-analyses with 45 unique health outcomes were included. Milk consumption was more often related to benefits than harm to a sequence of health-related outcomes. Dose–response analyses indicated that an increment of 200 ml (approximately 1 cup) milk intake per day was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity and osteoporosis. Beneficial associations were also found for type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, milk intake might be associated with higher risk of prostate cancer, Parkinson’s disease, acne and Fe-deficiency anaemia in infancy. Potential allergy or lactose intolerance need for caution. Milk consumption does more good than harm for human health in this umbrella review. Our results support milk consumption as part of a healthy diet. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxia Zhang
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinrong Chen
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liang Du
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine/Cochrane Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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20
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Dragani TA. Difficulties in establishing a causal link between chemical exposures and cancer cannot be overcome by court assessments. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1095-1107. [PMID: 32153198 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120911426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scientific data are often used in lawsuits to prove, or dismiss, causation by a claimed factor of a claimed disease. Recent media reports of million-dollar compensations awarded to some cancer patients who had been exposed to certain chemical substances motivated me to examine how solid the causal links really were. Here, I discuss the limitations of epidemiological research on cancer causation and highlight how new knowledge of cancer genetics makes it unrealistic to expect that cancer causation can be clearly demonstrated. I then present two exposure-cancer cases, namely talcum powder-ovarian cancer and glyphosate-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, that led to civil lawsuits decided, in the United States, in favor of the claimants. Both these cancers have several risk factors, among which the claimed exposure presents only a minor, if any, increased risk. Through these cases, I explain why the use of epidemiological data is inappropriate to define causal associations in complex diseases like cancer. I close by suggesting a fairer approach, called proportional liability, to resolving future cancer litigation cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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21
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Godos J, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Marventano S, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F, Grosso G. Dairy foods and health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:138-151. [PMID: 31199182 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1625035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on consumption of dairy foods and human health is contradictory. This study aimed to summarize the level of evidence of dairy consumption on various health outcomes. A systematic search for meta-analyses was performed: study design, dose-response relationship, heterogeneity and agreement of results over time, and identification of potential confounding factors were considered to assess the level of evidence. Convincing and probable evidence of decreased risk of colorectal cancer, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, elevated blood pressure and fatal stroke, respectively, was found for total dairy consumption; possible decreased risk of breast cancer, metabolic syndrome, stroke and type-2 diabetes, and increased risk of prostate cancer and Parkinson's disease was also found. Similar, yet not entirely consistent evidence for individual dairy products was reported. Among potential confounding factors, geographical localisation and fat content of dairy have been detected. In conclusions, dairy may be part of a healthy diet; however, additional studies exploring confounding factors are needed to ascertain the potential detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tieri
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Ulster, UK
| | - Lucilla Titta
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Rimini Women's Health, Childhood and Adolescent Department, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- University of Milano - Biccoca, Milan, Italy.,Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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22
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Aghasi M, Golzarand M, Shab-Bidar S, Aminianfar A, Omidian M, Taheri F. Dairy intake and acne development: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1067-1075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Sergentanis TN, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Tzanninis IG, Gavriatopoulou M, Sergentanis IN, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T. Meat, fish, dairy products and risk of hematological malignancies in adults - a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1978-1990. [PMID: 30912696 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1563693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies examine the association of meat, fish, and dairy product consumption with the risk of hematological neoplasms in adults. Thirteen studies encompassing 1,480,986 participants and 10,442 incident cases were included. Red or processed meat consumption was not associated with the risk of leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL/SLL). Poultry consumption did not seem to affect the risk of leukemia, NHL, CLL/SLL, and multiple myeloma (MM). Fish consumption was not associated with leukemia, NHL, CLL/SLL, and MM risk. Interestingly though, fish consumption was positively associated with myeloid leukemia risk (pooled RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22-2.47, random effects, highest vs. lowest category). Milk and dairy product consumption was not associated with NHL and leukemia risk. In conclusion, methodologically strict prospective studies are mandatory, in order to extract reliable conclusions concerning the role of these dietary factors in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros N Sergentanis
- a Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- a Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece.,b Department of Clinical Therapeutics , School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis-Georgios Tzanninis
- a Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- b Department of Clinical Therapeutics , School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- b Department of Clinical Therapeutics , School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- a Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics , School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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24
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Jeyaraman MM, Abou-Setta AM, Grant L, Farshidfar F, Copstein L, Lys J, Gottschalk T, Desautels D, Czaykowski P, Pitz M, Zarychanski R. Dairy product consumption and development of cancer: an overview of reviews. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023625. [PMID: 30782711 PMCID: PMC6352799 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive systematic overview of current evidence from pooled analyses/meta-analyses and systematic reviews (PMASRs) pertaining to dairy consumption and incident cancer and/or all-cause or cancer-specific mortality. DESIGN Overview of reviews. SETTING Community setting. PARTICIPANTS The unit of analysis is PMASRs. A total of 42 PMASRs was included in this overview of reviews. INTERVENTIONS/EXPOSURES Any dairy product consumption (eg, milk, yogurt, etc). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES Primary outcome measure is development of any type of cancer. Secondary outcome measures are all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS From 9693 citations identified, we included 42 PMASRs (52 study reports) published between 1991 and 2017. Thirty-one (74%) of these was pooled analyses/meta analyses, and only 11 (26%) were systematic reviews and meta-analyses. There was a wide variability in the type of study designs included within the other PMASRs, thus contributing to variable and, in instances, divergent estimates of cancer risk for several cancer subtypes. For example, only one systematic review and meta-analysis exclusively included prospective study designs. Most PMASRs were of low to moderate quality based on the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) scores. The median AMSTAR score was 5 (IQR 2-7). Our overview identified conflicting evidence from PMASRs on association between dairy consumption and incident cancers or mortality. Heterogeneity in summary estimates reflected the inclusion of variable study designs and overall low methodological quality of individual PMASRs. CONCLUSIONS The association between dairy consumption and cancer risk has been explored in PMASRs with a variety of study designs and of low to moderate quality. To fully characterise valid associations between dairy consumption and risk of cancer and/or mortality rigorously conducted, PMASRs including only high-quality prospective study designs are required. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017078463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Jeyaraman
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Abou-Setta
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laurel Grant
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Farnaz Farshidfar
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leslie Copstein
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Justin Lys
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tania Gottschalk
- Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danielle Desautels
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piotr Czaykowski
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marshall Pitz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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25
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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26
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Szilagyi A, Ishayek N. Lactose Intolerance, Dairy Avoidance, and Treatment Options. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121994. [PMID: 30558337 PMCID: PMC6316316 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactose intolerance refers to symptoms related to the consumption of lactose-containing dairy foods, which are the most common source for this disaccharide. While four causes are described, the most common is the genetically-determined adult onset lactose maldigestion due to loss of intestinal lactase governed by control of the gene by a 14,000 kb promoter region on chromosome 2. Gastrointestinal symptoms from lactose have expanded to include systemic effects and have also been confounded by other food intolerances or functional gastrointestinal disorders. Partly because lactose maldigestion is often interpreted as lactose intolerance (symptoms), focus of therapy for these symptoms starts with lactose restriction. However, withholding of dairy foods completely is not appropriate due to a more favorable impact on health. Industrial efforts to substitute with plant-based products is not completely successful at this time. This narrative article reviews the complexities of the perception of lactose intolerance, its epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Treatments are discussed, including the inappropriateness of dairy avoidance. In conjunction, effects of dairy products on 19 common diseases are reviewed. Different methods of treatment, lactose-reduced products, plant-based dairy substitutes, adaptation, prebiotics, exogenous lactase, probiotics, and some other dietary interventions are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Szilagyi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, 3755 Cote St Catherine Rd, Room E110, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Norma Ishayek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, 3755 Cote St Catherine Rd, Room E110, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
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27
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Zhang K, Dai H, Liang W, Zhang L, Deng Z. Fermented dairy foods intake and risk of cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2099-2108. [PMID: 30374967 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Dai
- Department of Forensic Pathology; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Pathology; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- Department of Forensic Pathology; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
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28
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Chiu YH, Bertrand KA, Zhang S, Laden F, Epstein MM, Rosner BA, Chiuve S, Campos H, Giovannucci EL, Chavarro JE, Birmann BM. A prospective analysis of circulating saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1914-1922. [PMID: 29756258 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), which are predominantly derived from endogenous metabolism, may influence non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk by modulating inflammation or lymphocyte membrane stability. However, few biomarker studies have evaluated NHL risk associated with these fats. We conducted a prospective study of 583 incident NHL cases and 583 individually matched controls with archived pre-diagnosis red blood cell (RBC) specimens in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). RBC membrane fatty acid levels were measured using gas chromatography. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of NHL and major NHL subtypes including T cell NHL (T-NHL), B cell NHL (B-NHL) and three individual B-NHLs: chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma. RBC SFA and MUFA levels were not associated with NHL risk overall. However, RBC very long chain SFA levels (VLCSFA; 20:0, 22:0, 23:0) were inversely associated with B-NHLs other than CLL/SLL; ORs (95% CIs) per standard deviation (SD) increase in level were 0.81 (0.70, 0.95) for 20:0, 0.82 (0.70, 0.95) for 22:0 and 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) for 23:0 VLCSFA. Also, both VLCSFA and MUFA levels were inversely associated with T-NHL [ORs (95% CIs) per SD: VLCSFA, 0.63 (0.40, 0.99); MUFA, 0.63 (0.40, 0.99)]. The findings of inverse associations for VLCSFAs with B-NHLs other than CLL/SLL and for VLCSFA and MUFA with T-NHL suggest an influence of fatty acid metabolism on lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Shumin Zhang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mara M Epstein
- Department of Medicine and the Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie Chiuve
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, North Chicago, IL
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Nutrición Translacional y Salud, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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29
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Whole milk consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: Isfahan Cohort Study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 58:163-171. [PMID: 29151136 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between milk intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk is still controversial but data from Middle-Eastern populations are scarce. We aimed to study these associations in an Iranian population. METHODS We used the Isfahan Cohort Study, a population-based prospective study of 6504 adult Iranians. In this analysis, we included 5432 participants free of CVD at baseline with at least one follow-up. Data on whole milk intake and other dietary factors were collected by a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to predict risk of CVD events, comprising coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and mortality according to frequency of whole milk intake with adjustment for other potential confounders. RESULTS During a median 10.9 years of follow-up, we documented 705 new cases of CVD comprising 564 CHD and 141 stroke cases. Compared with non-consumers, less than daily intake of whole milk was significantly associated with lower risk of CVD (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.97), CHD (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65-0.99), and a non-significant lower risk of stroke (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.50-1.27). Daily intake of whole milk was not significantly associated with CVD (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.89-1.75), CHD, and stroke, but was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.04-2.29). CONCLUSIONS Less than daily intake of whole milk was associated with a statistically significant, although modest, lower risk of CVD compared with non-consumption, but this potential benefit may not extend to daily intake in this population.
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