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Vilhar EČ, Golja P, Starc G, Seljak BK, Kotnik KZ. Adequacy of energy and macronutrients intake in differently active slovenian adolescents. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:58. [PMID: 36973834 PMCID: PMC10041699 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the adequacy of energy/macronutrient intake in adolescents according to the Slovenian national recommendations adopted from the recommendations of the German Nutrition Society and to identify differences in energy/macronutrient intake between differently active adolescents. METHODS Data on energy and macronutrient intake (24-hour dietary recall), physical activity (SHAPES questionnaire), and anthropometric characteristics (body mass and height) of adolescents were obtained on a representative sample of first-year secondary school students (average (SD) age: 15.3 (0.5) years; N = 341), who were included in the national survey The Analysis of Children's Development in Slovenia (ACDSi) in 2013/14. RESULTS 75% of adolescents met the national recommendations for carbohydrates and proteins and 44% for fats, whereas only 10% of adolescents met the recommendations for energy intake. Energy/macronutrient intakes were significantly higher in vigorously physically active (VPA) boys compared to moderately (MPA) and less (LPA) physically active boys. No such differences were observed between girls of different physical activity levels. CONCLUSION Adolescents need to be encouraged to meet their energy needs according to gender and physical activity (especially VPA girls) and to reach for higher quality foods in adequate macronutrient proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Čerček Vilhar
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Petra Golja
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova 22, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Katja Zdešar Kotnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
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Zhao Z, Liu Y, Jiang H, Yu H, Qin G, Qu M, Xiao W, Lin Q. Microbial profiles and immune responses in seahorse gut and brood pouch under chronic exposure to environmental antibiotics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114711. [PMID: 36868035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ocean antibiotics pose substantial risks to the adaptation and lifespan of marine organisms. Seahorses are unique owing to the occurrence of brood pouches, male pregnancy, and loss of gut-associated lymphatic tissues and spleen, which lead to increased sensitivity to environmental changes. This study evaluated the changes in microbial diversity and immune responses within the gut and brood pouch in the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus under chronic exposure to environmental levels of triclosan (TCS) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), which are common antibiotics in coastal regions. The results showed that microbial abundance and diversity within the gut and brood pouch of seahorses were significantly changed following antibiotics treatment, with the expression of core genes involved in immunity, metabolism, and circadian rhythm processes evidently regulated. Notably, the abundance of potential pathogens in brood pouches was considerably increased upon treatment with SMX. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of toll-like receptors, c-type lectins, and inflammatory cytokine genes in brood pouches was significantly upregulated. Notably, some essential genes related to male pregnancy significantly varied after antibiotic treatment, implying potential effects on seahorse reproduction. This study provides insights into the physiological adaptation of marine animals to environmental changes resulting from human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yali Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Han Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Geng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanghong Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Gaique TG, Boechat SK, Neto JGO, Bento-Bernardes T, Medeiros RF, Pazos-Moura CC, Oliveira KJ. Cinnamaldehyde supplementation acts as an insulin mimetic compound improving glucose metabolism during adolescence, but not during adulthood, in healthy male rats. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:295-304. [PMID: 36810755 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescence is a critical period of increased vulnerability to nutritional modifications, and adolescents may respond differently from adults to dietary intake and nutraceuticals. Cinnamaldehyde, a major bioactive compound of cinnamon, improves energy metabolism, as has been shown in studies conducted primarily in adult animals. We hypothesized that cinnamaldehyde treatment may have a higher impact on the glycemic homeostasis of healthy adolescent rats than on healthy adult rats. METHODS Male adolescent (30 days) or adult (90 days) Wistar rats received cinnamaldehyde (40 mg/kg) for 28 days by gavage. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), liver glycogen content, serum insulin concentration, serum lipid profile, and hepatic insulin signaling marker expression were evaluated. RESULTS Cinnamaldehyde-treated adolescent rats showed less weight gain (P = 0.041), improved OGTT (P = 0.004), increased expression of phosphorylated IRS-1 (P = 0.015), and a trend to increase phosphorylated IRS-1 (P = 0.063) in the liver of adolescent rats in the basal state. None of these parameters was modified after treatment with cinnamaldehyde in the adult group. Cumulative food intake, visceral adiposity, liver weight, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, hepatic glycogen content, and liver protein expression of IRβ, phosphorylated IRβ, AKT, phosphorylated AKT, and PTP-1B in the basal state were similar between both age groups. CONCLUSION In a healthy metabolic condition, cinnamaldehyde supplementation affects glycemic metabolism in adolescent rats while promoting no changes in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane G Gaique
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Silvia K Boechat
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Jessika Geisebel O Neto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Renata F Medeiros
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karen J Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil.
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Volland JM, Kaupp J, Schmitz W, Wünsch AC, Balint J, Möllmann M, El-Mesery M, Frackmann K, Peter L, Hartmann S, Kübler AC, Seher A. Mass Spectrometric Metabolic Fingerprinting of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG)-Induced Inhibition of Glycolysis and Comparative Analysis of Methionine Restriction versus Glucose Restriction under Perfusion Culture in the Murine L929 Model System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169220. [PMID: 36012485 PMCID: PMC9408990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All forms of restriction, from caloric to amino acid to glucose restriction, have been established in recent years as therapeutic options for various diseases, including cancer. However, usually there is no direct comparison between the different restriction forms. Additionally, many cell culture experiments take place under static conditions. In this work, we used a closed perfusion culture in murine L929 cells over a period of 7 days to compare methionine restriction (MetR) and glucose restriction (LowCarb) in the same system and analysed the metabolome by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In addition, we analysed the inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) over a period of 72 h. 2-DG induced very fast a low-energy situation by a reduced glycolysis metabolite flow rate resulting in pyruvate, lactate, and ATP depletion. Under perfusion culture, both MetR and LowCarb were established on the metabolic level. Interestingly, over the period of 7 days, the metabolome of MetR and LowCarb showed more similarities than differences. This leads to the conclusion that the conditioned medium, in addition to the different restriction forms, substantially reprogramm the cells on the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Manuel Volland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kaupp
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Chiara Wünsch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Balint
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Möllmann
- Fraunhofer ISC, Translational Center RT, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Kyra Frackmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Leslie Peter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Christian Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Seher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-201-74841
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Low Energy Status under Methionine Restriction Is Essentially Independent of Proliferation or Cell Contact Inhibition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030551. [PMID: 35159360 PMCID: PMC8833905 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlimited proliferation is one of the most striking features of neoplastic cells. The basis of cell division is the sufficient presence of mass (amino acids) and energy (ATP and NADH). A sophisticated intracellular network permanently measures the mass and energy levels. Thus, in vivo restrictions in the form of amino acid, protein, or caloric restrictions strongly affect absolute lifespan and age-associated diseases such as cancer. The induction of permanent low energy metabolism (LEM) is essential in this process. The murine cell line L929 responds to methionine restriction (MetR) for a short time period with LEM at the metabolic level defined by a characteristic fingerprint consisting of the molecules acetoacetate, creatine, spermidine, GSSG, UDP-glucose, pantothenate, and ATP. Here, we used mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to investigate the influence of proliferation and contact inhibition on the energy status of cells. Interestingly, the energy status was essentially independent of proliferation or contact inhibition. LC/MS analyses showed that in full medium, the cells maintain active and energetic metabolism for optional proliferation. In contrast, MetR induced LEM independently of proliferation or contact inhibition. These results are important for cell behaviour under MetR and for the optional application of restrictions in cancer therapy.
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Energy matching of a high-intensity exercise protocol with a low-intensity exercise protocol in young people. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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O'Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Hopkins M, Duarte C, Horgan GW, Finlayson G, Stubbs RJ. Comparison of the Validity and Generalizability of Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Energy Expenditure: Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e23938. [PMID: 34346890 PMCID: PMC8374660 DOI: 10.2196/23938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate solutions for the estimation of physical activity and energy expenditure at scale are needed for a range of medical and health research fields. Machine learning techniques show promise in research-grade accelerometers, and some evidence indicates that these techniques can be applied to more scalable commercial devices. Objective This study aims to test the validity and out-of-sample generalizability of algorithms for the prediction of energy expenditure in several wearables (ie, Fitbit Charge 2, ActiGraph GT3-x, SenseWear Armband Mini, and Polar H7) using two laboratory data sets comprising different activities. Methods Two laboratory studies (study 1: n=59, age 44.4 years, weight 75.7 kg; study 2: n=30, age=31.9 years, weight=70.6 kg), in which adult participants performed a sequential lab-based activity protocol consisting of resting, household, ambulatory, and nonambulatory tasks, were combined in this study. In both studies, accelerometer and physiological data were collected from the wearables alongside energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry. Three regression algorithms were used to predict metabolic equivalents (METs; ie, random forest, gradient boosting, and neural networks), and five classification algorithms (ie, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, random forest, gradient boosting, and neural networks) were used for physical activity intensity classification as sedentary, light, or moderate to vigorous. Algorithms were evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validations and out-of-sample validations. Results The root mean square error (RMSE) was lowest for gradient boosting applied to SenseWear and Polar H7 data (0.91 METs), and in the classification task, gradient boost applied to SenseWear and Polar H7 was the most accurate (85.5%). Fitbit models achieved an RMSE of 1.36 METs and 78.2% accuracy for classification. Errors tended to increase in out-of-sample validations with the SenseWear neural network achieving RMSE values of 1.22 METs in the regression tasks and the SenseWear gradient boost and random forest achieving an accuracy of 80% in classification tasks. Conclusions Algorithms trained on combined data sets demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with a tendency for superior performance of random forests and gradient boosting for most but not all wearable devices. Predictions were poorer in the between-study validations, which creates uncertainty regarding the generalizability of the tested algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi O'Driscoll
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Turicchi
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham W Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Absolute Accelerometer-Based Intensity Prescription Compared to Physiological Variables in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165651. [PMID: 32764431 PMCID: PMC7460197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of the intensity of physical activity (PA) based on absolute accelerometer cut points (Cp) likely over- or underestimates intensity for a specific individual. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between absolute moderate intensity Cp and the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). A group of 24 pregnant and 15 nonpregnant women who performed a submaximal incremental walking test with measures of ventilatory parameters and accelerations from three different accelerometers on the wrist (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT, GENEActiv, Axivity AX3) and one on the hip (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) were analyzed. Cp were determined corresponding to 3 metabolic equivalents of task (MET), using the conventional MET definition (Cp3.5) (3.5 mL/kg×min) and individual resting metabolic rate (Cpind). The ventilatory equivalent (VE/VO2) was used to determine VT1. Accelerations at VT1 were significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to Cp3.5 and Cpind in both groups. Cp3.5 and Cpind were significantly different in nonpregnant (p < 0.01) but not in pregnant women. Walking speed at VT1 (5.7 ± 0.5/6.2 ± 0.8 km/h) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in pregnant compared to nonpregnant women and correspondent to 3.8 ± 0.7/4.9 ± 1.4 conventional METs. Intensity at absolute Cp was lower compared to the intensity at VT1 independent of the device or placement in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Therefore, we recommend individually tailored cut points such as the VT1 to better assess the effect of the intensity of PA.
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Heydenreich J, Schutz Y, Melzer K, Kayser B. Comparison of Conventional and Individualized 1-MET Values for Expressing Maximum Aerobic Metabolic Rate and Habitual Activity Related Energy Expenditure. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020458. [PMID: 30813275 PMCID: PMC6412759 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The maximum aerobic metabolic rate can be expressed in multiple metabolically equivalent tasks (MET), i.e., METmax. The purpose was to quantify the error when the conventional (3.5 mL∙kg−1∙min−1) compared to an individualized 1-MET-value is used for calculating METmax and estimating activity energy expenditure (AEE) in endurance-trained athletes (END) and active healthy controls (CON). The resting metabolic rate (RMR, indirect calorimetry) and aerobic metabolic capacity (spiroergometry) were assessed in 52 END (46% male, 27.9 ± 5.7 years) and 53 CON (45% male, 27.3 ± 4.6 years). METmax was calculated as the ratio of VO2max over VO2 during RMR (METmax_ind), and VO2max over the conventional 1-MET-value (METmax_fix). AEE was estimated by multiplying published MET values with the individual and conventional 1-MET-values. Dependent t-tests were used to compare the different modes for calculating METmax and AEE (α = 0.05). In women and men CON, men END METmax_fix was significantly higher than METmax_ind (p < 0.01), whereas, in women END, no difference was found (p > 0.05). The conventional 1-MET-value significantly underestimated AEE in men and women CON, and men END (p < 0.05), but not in women END (p > 0.05). The conventional 1-MET-value appears inappropriate for determining the aerobic metabolic capacity and AEE in active and endurance-trained persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Heydenreich
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland.
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yves Schutz
- Department of Physiology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Katarina Melzer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland.
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Molina-Molina E, Baccetto RL, Wang DQH, de Bari O, Krawczyk M, Portincasa P. Exercising the hepatobiliary-gut axis. The impact of physical activity performance. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12958. [PMID: 29797516 PMCID: PMC8118139 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity puts the populations at risk of several health problems, while regular physical activity brings beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease, mortality and other health outcomes, including obesity, glycaemic control and insulin resistance. The hepatobiliary tract is greatly involved in several metabolic aspects which include digestion and absorption of nutrients in concert with intestinal motility, bile acid secretion and flow across the enterohepatic circulation and intestinal microbiota. Several metabolic abnormalities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver as well as cholesterol cholelithiasis, represent two conditions explained by changes of the aforementioned pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review defines different training modalities and discusses the effects of physical activity in two metabolic disorders, that is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cholelithiasis. Emphasis is given to pathogenic mechanisms involving intestinal bile acids, microbiota and inflammatory status. RESULTS A full definition of physical activity includes the knowledge of aerobic and endurance exercise, metabolic equivalent tasks, duration, frequency and intensity, beneficial and harmful effects. Physical activity influences the hepatobiliary-gut axis at different levels and brings benefits to fat distribution, liver fat and gallbladder disease while interacting with bile acids as signalling molecules, intestinal microbiota and inflammatory changes in the body. CONCLUSIONS Several beneficial effects of physical activity are anticipated on metabolic disorders linking liver steatosis, gallstone disease, gut motility, enterohepatic circulation of signalling bile acids in relation to intestinal microbiota and inflammatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Molina-Molina
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Raquel Lunardi Baccetto
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ornella de Bari
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Forsum E, Janerot-Sjöberg B, Löf M. MET-values of standardised activities in relation to body fat: studies in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:45. [PMID: 29951109 PMCID: PMC6011259 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is associated with health in women. Published MET-values (MET: metabolic equivalent of task) may assess physical activity and energy expenditure but tend to be too low for subjects with a high total body fat (TBF) content and therefore inappropriate for many contemporary women. The MET-value for an activity is the energy expenditure of a subject performing this activity divided by his/her resting energy expenditure, often assumed to be 4.2 kJ/kg/h. Relationships between TBF and MET have been little studied although overweight and obesity is common in women. Available data indicate that MET-values decrease during pregnancy but more studies in pregnant contemporary women are needed. Subjects and methods Using indirect calorimetry we measured energy expenditure and assessed MET-values in women, 22 non-pregnant (BMI: 18–34) and 22 in gestational week 32 (non-pregnant BMI: 18–32) when resting, sitting, cycling (30 and 60 watts), walking (3.2 and 5.6 km/h) and running (8 km/h). Relationships between TBF and MET-values were investigated and used to predict modified MET-values. The potential of such values to improve calculations of total energy expenditure of women was investigated. Results The resting energy expenditure was below 4.2 kJ/kg/h in both groups of women. Women in gestational week 32 had a higher resting energy metabolism (p < 0.001) and 7–15% lower MET-values (p < 0.05) than non-pregnant women. MET-values of all activities were correlated with TBF (p < 0.05) in non-pregnant women and modified MET-values improved estimates of total energy expenditure in such women. In pregnant women, correlations (p ≤ 0.03) between TBF and MET were found for running (8 km/h) and for walking at 5.6 km/h. Conclusions Our results are relevant when attempts are made to modify the MET-system in contemporary pregnant and non-pregnant women. MET-values were decreased in gestational week 32, mainly due to an increased resting energy metabolism and studies describing how body composition affects the one MET-value (i.e. the resting energy metabolism in kJ/kg/h) during pregnancy are warranted. Studies of how pregnancy and TBF affect MET-values of high intensity activities are also needed. Corrections based on TBF may have a potential to improve the MET-system in non-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Forsum
- 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, SE Sweden
| | - Birgitta Janerot-Sjöberg
- 2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,3Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,4Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Löf
- 5Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,6Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Physical Activity May Be Associated with Conditioned Pain Modulation in Women but Not Men among Healthy Individuals. Pain Res Manag 2017; 2017:9059140. [PMID: 29081683 PMCID: PMC5634578 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9059140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Conditioned pain modulation (CPM), a phenomenon also known as diffuse noxious inhibitory control, is thought to be affected by various factors, including sex and level of physical activity. However, the involvement of these factors in CPM remains unclear. Methods Eighty-six healthy young subjects (M/F, 43/43) participated in this study. Participants were assessed on the basis of their mechanical pressure pain threshold (PPT), CPM response, body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over a week, using a motion counter. Response to CPM was evaluated as PPT during painful cold stimulation relative to baseline PPT. Results Men showed significantly higher baseline PPT than women; however, this difference was no longer significant after controlling for confounders. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed BMR to be a significant contributor towards baseline PPT in the entire study population. In contrast, although there were no significant contributors to CPM response among men and in the overall study group, MVPA was positively associated with CPM response among women (β = 0.397). Conclusions These results suggest that, among healthy young individuals, CPM response may be associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in women but not in men.
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